Flights might seem like the simplest mode of transport, but a ride on the fastest train in the world will challenge airplanes on travel time, not to mention efficiency. And while headlines may proclaim Japan’s L0 Maglev between Tokyo and Nagoya the fastest train ever, with a 313 mph average speed that cuts the time it takes to travel between the cities by half, it’s not scheduled to start service until 2027. So although there are faster ones in testing than those in this list of the fastest trains in the world, we’re only featuring high-speed rail currently in service, that you can actually ride right now.
Here are the world’s fastest high-speed trains in commercial service, ranked by speed.
1. Shanghai Maglev: 268 mph
The world’s fastest train isn’t the newest, the shiniest, or even the one with the most expensive tickets. Charging 50 yuan (about $8) per person, per ride (or double that for a “VIP” ticket in a slightly more spacious cabin), the Maglev runs the nearly 19 miles from Shanghai’s Pudong International Airport to the Longyang metro station on the outskirts of Shanghai. That’s right, the train—which takes just over seven minutes to complete the journey—doesn’t go to the city center. As such, the bulk of the passengers since its 2004 debut have been travelers on their way to and from the airport, cameras out and ready to snap a photo of the speed indicators when the train hits 431 km/hr (268 mph).
2. Fuxing Hao CR400AF/BF: 249 mph
China wins again, also serving as home to the world’s fastest non-Maglev train currently in service. The name “Fuxing Hao” translates to “rejuvenation,” and each of the trains have been branded with nicknames: CR400AF is “Dolphin Blue,” and the CR400BF is «Golden Phoenix.” (The “CR” stands for China Railway.) Both take just under five hours to zip up to 556 passengers each between Beijing South and Shanghai Hongqiao Station, easily halving the nearly 10-hour time it takes to ride the conventional, parallel rail line between these two megalopolises. The lines served by these trains have greatly expanded over the last several years, with newer routes including Jinan-Qingdao and Guangzhou-Zhuhai, and a 2018 debut of what remains the world’s longest high-speed rail route, from Beijing to Hong Kong in nine hours.
3. Shinkansen H5 and E5: 224 mph
A bullet train pioneer, Japan debuted the Hikari high-speed train launched service between Tokyo and Osaka way back in 1964 that, cutting travel time between the country’s two largest cities from nearly seven hours to a mere four by rail. The H5 and E5 series Shinkansen, respectively running the Tohoku and Hokkaido services, are two of the newer bullet trains on Japan’s tracks, and they’re expected to make their international debut on India’s first high-speed rail line, connecting Mumbai and Ahmedabad, in 2026.
The Italo train whisks riders from Rome to Milan in just over three hours.
Andreas Solaro/Getty
4. The Italo and Frecciarossa: 220 mph
Italy’s dueling train operators, NTV and Trenitalia, each flaunt a high-speed train that tie as Europe’s fastest, capable of shuttling passengers around much of the country far faster than by car. An international route from Milan to Paris, taking six hours, has proved to be so popular that Trenitalia has increased their daily frequencies. The Frecciarossa, or “red arrow,” was unveiled during Expo 2015, held in Milan, and the train is remarkable as much for its speed as for its construction; its components are nearly 100 percent renewable and sustainable.
5. Haramain Western Railway: 217 mph
The Mecca-Medina high-speed link stretches the 281 miles between Saudi Arabia’s most holy cities and was fully completed in 2018. Traveling the length of the route takes two and a half hours, compared to five hours by car. Speed isn’t the entire justification for the construction of this railway, however; the Haramain carries millions of passengers a year, including many Hajj and Umrah pilgrims, relieving traffic congestion. In 2019, Saudi Arabia announced plans to triple the size of its rail network by adding nearly 5,000 miles of new track, although not all will be high-speed.
6. DeutscheBahn ICE: 205 mph
The distinctively futuristic white and silver of the Inter-City Express, or ICE, combined with its sharp red cheatline, makes an impressive sight speeding through scenic German countryside. And, with Deutsche Bahn placing more and more orders for them, they’ll become quite a common sight by 2030, when some 450 ICE trains run on Europe’s rails. Similar to Spain’s Renfe AVE train, Germany’s fastest train is a Siemens design, the Velaro, and was built to fit through the Channel Tunnel. This fact is important as DeutscheBahn has long-term plans to operate these trains from Frankfurt to London.
7. Eurostar e320 and TGV: 200 mph
Both the TGV and Eurostar e320 trains are tied for next on the list, but the latter underwent a redesign in 2015. Named for its top speed of 320 km/hr (200 mph), the e320 series is the first tip-to-tail redesign of a Eurostar train in the company’s 22 years. The speedier trains—20 km/hr faster than the earlier, e300 series—are capable of trimming another 15 minutes off the already zippy Eurostar trips of around two hours between Brussels, Paris, and London, and cutting the comparatively lengthy ride from London to Amsterdam to under four hours.
8. Al Boraq: 198 mph
Named for a winged horse animal from Islamic lore, Al Boraq puts Africa on the list of fastest trains with an hourly, 116-mile service between Tangier and Kenitra, in Morocco. From Kenitra, it must slow down to travel on regular tracks into the Casablanca terminus, but the entire journey is still sliced in half, from almost five hours of travel time to just over two hours. Debuting in 2018, the train’s destinations are expanding as the rail infrastructure is upgraded for high-speeds, with Rabat next on the list.
9. Renfe AVE: 193 mph
Spain’s fastest train is the Velaro E by Siemens, and it is used for long-distance services to major Spanish cities and beyond: traveling from Barcelona to Paris can now be accomplished on high-speed rail in six hours.
10. Korail KTX: 190 mph
South Korea’s high-speed rail network may not be the newest (the KTX, or “Korean Train Express,” debuted in 2004) or the shiniest, but it does hold its rank among the fastest. In 2018 the train enabled athletes and spectators to reach the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics direct from Incheon International Airport, cutting the journey from six hours to under two. The newest route, on the Jungbunaeryuk Line connecting Bubal and Chungju, cuts through the center of the country to reach a region cherished for its mountains, caves, and natural springs.
This article has been updated with new information since its original publish date.
The Briefing
- Prevalence of ADHD, substance use disorders, and mood disorders appears to be higher in entrepreneurs than in the general public
- One-third of entrepreneurs reported two or more co-occurring mental health conditions
The Link Between Entrepreneurship and Mental Health Conditions
Entrepreneurship has long been associated with traits like risk-taking, persistence, and creativity. It’s no surprise, then, many of the world’s most successful companies were brought to life by neurodivergent founders.
Neurodivergence refers to natural differences in brain function among individuals with conditions such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and bipolar disorder. As this 2019 study demonstrates, entrepreneurs appear to experience mental health and addiction issues more frequently than the general public, and tend to have families with these illnesses at a higher rate.
Nearly half of entrepreneurs included in the study have one or more mental health conditions. Below the are the numbers for four of the conditions studied.
| Entrepreneurs | General Sample Group | |
|---|---|---|
| ADHD | 29% | 5% |
| Depression | 30% | 15% |
| Bipolar | 11% | 1% |
| Addiction | 12% | 4% |
The research also looked at anxiety, but found that levels were similar between entrepreneurs and the sample group.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), dyslexia, and Asperger’s Syndrome, which are not included in this research, are other noteworthy conditions that are sometimes connected with entrepreneurship.
Asperger’s, in particular, is present in a number of successful founders, including Elon Musk and Bill Gates. Peter Thiel, billionaire investor and serial entrepreneur, has argued that this mild version of autism could be an asset in founding successful companies.
An Open Question
There are two competing ideas around the link between entrepreneurship and mental health conditions.
First, some posit that traits associated with mental health conditions (e.g. hyperfocus for ADHD, or attention to detail for Asperger’s) are assets in the startup world.
Secondly, it is also thought that because neurodivergent individuals have more trouble succeeding in conventional frameworks in academia and business, they are more likely to forge their own path by founding companies and pursuing self-employment.
It’s entirely possible that both these ideas are true. The more research that is published around mental health and entrepreneurship, the clearer view we have on the traits associated with creating successful businesses.
The more open the conversation is around mental health, the more we can create conditions in the workplace that empower neurodivergent individuals.
Source: Freeman, M.A., Staudenmaier, P.J., Zisser, M.R. et al. The prevalence and co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions among entrepreneurs and their families. Small Bus Econ 53, 323–342 (2019).
Data notes: Data was analyzed from 76 MBA student and faculty pool participants, 149 psychology students, and 110 entrepreneurs not affiliated with the university. Participants from either recruitment group who reported a history of self-employment or founding or co-founding a for-profit or non-profit business were categorized as entrepreneurs (n = 242).
Hat tip: We discovered this research via The Generalist who published a fantastic post on who becomes an entrepreneur.
Of course, trains can’t fly over oceans like airplanes. But that doesn’t mean trains can’t run as fast as planes. Fortunately, some trains in this modern world are as fast as planes. Followings are the list of ten fastest trains in the world.
10 Talgo 350, 217 mph, Spain
Patentes Talgo, a Spanish company, developed Talgo 350 (T350). This very high-speed train entered the service with the name RENFE AVE Class 102. Besides, it started its journey on the Madrid-Barcelona and Madrid-Valladolid lines in Spain. The train is also known as Pato as its nose resembles the beak of a duck.
Spain commenced the trial runs of the entirely constructed prototype in 2002. Additionally, the designers designed the T350 train to be optimally aerodynamic to handle air pressure and air currents at high speeds. Its main feature is the high redundancy level in traction between rail and auxiliary systems. Moreover, it has a lightweight, airtight, and pressurized car body to comfortably pass through tunnels and crossings.
- Country: Spain
- Top speed: 217 mph
- Manufacturer: Consortium of Patentes Talgo and Bombardier Transportation
- Train length: 656 ft 2 in
- Open Date: February 2005
9 AGV Italo, 224 mph, Italy
The first train in the AGV Series, Italo AGV, entered into service in April 2012. Officials considered it to be the most modern train in Europe. Besides, this train operates with the highest speed of 186 mph on Italy’s different high-speed lines. However, the AGV can run up to 224 mph. AGV trains consist of a fewer number of bogies per train that reduce the maintenance costs.
We can find more space inside of this high-speed train because it uses permanent-magnet synchronous motors. Additionally, the passengers of AVG Italo trains can travel between Rome and Naples in just an hour. Moreover, the trail follows the European TSI interoperability standard, which offers safety, reliability and environmental protection, availability, health, and technical compatibility.
- Country: Italy
- Top speed: 224 mph
- Operator: Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori
- Manufacturer: Alstom
- Train length: 433 feet 0.85 inch
- Open Date: April 2012
8 Siemens Velaro, 250 mph, Spain
The german-based company, siemens, developed thE world’s fastest high-speed conventional train. Additionally, the Krefeld-Uerdingen factory in Germany manufactured it. These trains’ five variants include Velaro E, Velaro RUS, Velaro e320, Velaro D, and Velaro CRH3. Velaro CRH3 and Velaro E are operational in China and Spain, respectively.
Moreover, the efficiency, sustainability, and passenger comfort and convenience is a major advantage. Velaro RUS, Velaro D, and Eurostar will become operational in Russia, Germany, and the UK and the future. We can find these trains are fully operable in snow and ice. Besides, the driver’s clear visibility in various snow conditions is one of the main features.
- Country – Spain
- Top speed – 250 mph
- Operators: Germany, Spain, China, the UK, Russia
- Builder: Siemens
- Train Length:656 ft to 1,280 feet.
- Open date: 2006
7 Frecciarosa 1000, 250 mph, Italy
Image credit: teptong/Depositphotos
Italy designed it with a top speed of 250 mph and a high commercial speed of 220 mph. But it is currently certified for 190 mph, is also known as ETR 400. Bombardier built the ‘Red Arrow’ train in partnership with AnsaldoBreda. Additionally, this advanced model train provides long-distance passenger service on high-speed lines. It features mainly interoperability, safety, and comfort.
The newest high-speed train started its first journey from Milan to Rome on April 25, 2015. It is also a silent train that creates less noise. Moreover, the Frecciarossa 1000 is the world’s first high-speed train to have obtained the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD), as it can limit CO2. It also uses the ERTMS / ETCS for controlling the train that eliminates human error.
- Country: Italy
- Top speed: 250 mph
- Operator: Trenitalia
- Manufacturer: AnsaldoBreda and Bombardier Transportation
- Train length: 662.73 feet
- Open Date: April 25, 2015
6 Fuxing Hao CR 400AF/BF, 260 mph, China
The CR400AF train mainly features a streamlined body for low drag and high speed. We can find both sides of its car body as silver-gray background with red lines. So these decorations make this train looking more elegant and powerful. The CR400BF train provides a protruding vitreous head with gentle sides. Additionally, we can find the gold ribbons outlining its pure white background body.
In 2007, China officially introduced the Fuxing Hao CR 400AF/BF high-speed train into service on the Beijing Shanghai high-speed railway line. Besides, the train needs only 4 hours to run from Beijing south to Shanghai Hongqiao. People said The CR 400 AF as ‘Dolphin Blue’ and CR 400 BF as ‘golden phoenix.’
- Country – China
- Top speed- 260 mph
- Manufacturer: CRRC Qingdao Sifang, CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles, CRRC Tangshan Railway Vehicle
- Operator: China Railway Corporation Kereta Cepat Indonesia, China
- Train length: CR400AF: 685 ft 8 in, CR400BF: 685 ft 11 in
- Open Date: June 2015
5 HEMU-430X, 267 mph, South Korea
HEMU-430X is standing for the High-Speed Electric Multiple Unit 430 km/h experimental. It is an experimental South Korean high-speed train designed for speeds up to 267 mph. But, it achieved 261.846 mph in a test run on March 31, 2013. Moreover, this high speed makes South Korea the world’s fourth country after France, Japan, and China to develop the fastest train running above 260.976 mph.
The newest feature of this train compared to older high-speed trains is mainly distributed traction. The trains’ commercial versions include the EMU-260 and EMU-320. South Korea will deliver these versions to Korail in 2020-2021. Additionally, they unveiled HEMU-430X on May 17, 2012. They also expect it to undergo around 100,000 km of testing up to 2015.
- Country: South Korea
- Top speed: 267 mph
- Manufacturer: Hyundai Rotem
- Operator: Korail
- Train length: 484 feet
- Open Date: May 17, 2012
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4 Shanghai Maglev, 268 mph, China
Image credit: lucidwaters/Depositphotos
It is a magnetic levitation train that helps people travel from Pudong International Airport right to the city’s heart. Besides, this train’s breakneck speed will impress us and have an exciting first experience in the city. In 2003, Guinness Records enrolled it to be the world’s fastest train in commercial use. Its energy consumption is only half that of buses and a quarter that of airplanes.
The trains don’t touch the railway line, which makes the sound quieter than other trains. This third oldest maglev line came after the British Birmingham Maglev line and German M-Bahn line. Additionally, this train doesn’t touch the railway line. Therefore, the sound makes it quieter than other trains. Like an airplane, it has very modern, clean, and comfortable inside.
- Country: China
- Top speed: 268 mph
- Operator: Shanghai Maglev Transportation Development Co., Ltd
- Manufacturer: A joint venture of Siemens and ThyssenKrupp
- System length: 18.02 mi
- Open Date: December 31, 2002
3 Harmony CRH 380A, 302.0 mph, China
China designed the CRH380A to operate at a cruise speed of 217 mph and a maximum speed of 236 mph in commercial service. Its regular service takes place on the route between Shanghai and Nanjing. Additionally, this design reduces aerodynamic pressure. Its vibration-free bodies make a more comfortable passenger experience. It has low-weight aluminum alloy bodies with fish-head fronts.
The CRH 380A trains can carry around 494 passengers at a time. We can find a VIP sightseeing spot near the driver’s cabin that allows travelers to view the running train. Moreover, China also incorporates these trains with advanced noise control technology like new sound-absorbing and insulating materials in its construction.
- Country: China
- Top speed: 302.0 mph
- Operator: China Railway
- Manufacturer: CRRC Qingdao Sifang
- Train length: 666 feet
- Open date: 2010
2 TGV POS, 357.2 mph, France
Alstom built this TGV train for the French national rail company (SNCF) on France’s high-speed rail lines. Besides, the TGV POS links France with southern Germany and Switzerland. In Switzerland, it runs from Basel to Zurich and Vallorbe to the Lausanne line that coming from Paris. Additionally, the POS 4402 train set a new world speed record on April 3, 2007.
Its asynchronous motors help the individual motor’s isolation in a powered bogie in case of failure. Additionally, SNCF numbered it in the 4400 series. These are just faster and more efficient TGVs. Like TGV Duplex, the outside bodywork on the power-cars. Besides, France started the train’s service in 2006. Moreover, France commissioned the first TGV train on Paris to Geneva itinerary in 1981.
- Country- France
- Top speed – 357.2 mph
- Operator – French national rail company SNCF
- Manufacturer: Alstom
- Train length: 657 ft
- Open Date: 2006
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1 L0 Series Maglev, 375 mph, Japan
We can easily distinguish it by its too long nose that is 49 ft in length. This feature helps the L0 Series Maglev to reduce drag, increase speed, and decrease energy consumption. Additionally, L0 Series Maglev holds the land speed record at 375 mph that it achieved on April 21, 2015.
Besides, this train broke a speed record of 361 mph that another Japanese maglev, the MLX01, set in December 2003. This one of the fastest trains will begin its commercial operation in Tokyo and Osaka. This train will also require only 40 minutes to run from Tokyo to Nagoya, covering 178 miles. Moreover, we expected the first section to Nagoya to be ready by 2027.
- Country: Japan
- Top speed: 375 mph
- Operator: JR Central
- Manufacturer: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Nippon Sharyo
- Train length: 980.971 feet
- Open Date: November 2012
Nowadays some high speed trains are challenging aeroplanes in terms of speed and service. While Japan is known for its supreme version of bullet trains, China’s high speed trains rank top with speed up to 350 km/hr. High speed trains of Europe are offering more comfortable journey than the flight. The list of fastest trains in the world has been discussed below.
Here are the 15 fastest and high-speed trains in the world, ranked by service speed:
The World’s Fastest Train
Fastest Train #1- Shanghai Maglev: 430km/hr
The amazingly fast speed train Shanghai Maglev has been operated commercially in China since 2004. The world’s first maglev train runs from Pudong international Airport to Longyang rd. station. Shanghai maglev, operated by Shanghai maglev Transportation Development Co. , was constructed by the collaboration of Siemens and Thyssenkurpp.
The maglev train covers 19 miles within only 7 minutes using magnetic levitation technology. The fare of train ticket is $8 per person, per ride.
Also Read : Train 18 – Interesting Things About India’s Fastest Train
Fastest Train #2 – Fuxing Hao CR400AF/BF: 249 miles/hr
The fastest non-maglev train in the world is Fuxing Hao CR400AF/BF, which runs from Beijing South station to Sanghai Hongqiao station in China. The word ‘Fuxing hao’ means rejuvenation. The two trains CR400AF and CR400/BF have been branded with nicknames ‘Dolphin Blue’ and ‘ Golden Phoenix’ respectively.
Both trains running at the speed of 249m/hr covers 819 miles in just 5 hours. The conventional trains take 10 hours to cover the same distance. Each train carries 556 passengers from Beijing to Sanghai. Fuxing Hao beats Harmony CRH380A, China’s next fastest train.
Also Read : Indian Railways is Launching Train 19 Soon This Year
Fastest Train #3 – Harmony CRH 380A: 236 miles/hr
Harmony CRH 380A, an electric and multiple unit train, is one of the fastest trains in the world having the high speed of 236 miles/hr. Since 2010, the China railways Harmony CRH 380A has been in operation commercially between Sanghai and Nanjing route.
The joint venture of CSR Qingdao Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock company constructed this high-speed train. Alluminium body and long nose could minimize aerodynamic running and pressure.
Having the capacity of carrying 494 passengers at a time, this train serves its passengers food, drinks, facilities like an electronic display and reading lamp.
Must Read: 10 Interesting Tips for Booking Luxury Trains in India
Fastest train #4 – Maharajas’ Express : 150 kmph
This luxury train is one of the fastest luxury trains in the world that covers several top tourist destinations in India on various trips. It travels at a speed of 150 kmph and is popular as the ‘Richest Train in India’ making the travelers feel like they are traveling in kingly ambiance.
Guests who like to see India need not worry about food and accommodation as all are included in the fee. There are basic amenities such as attached washrooms with running water, various accommodation categories, 2 top restaurants onboard, a bar and a fitness cum health spa center on the Maharajas Express train.
Before booking must Know : What is Maharajas’ Express Train?
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Know about the Maharajas Express:
- Maharajas Express train fare
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- History of Maharajas Express train
- Route map of Maharajas Express train
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Also Read : 15 Most Interesting Facts to Know Before Boarding the Maharajas Express Train
Fastest Train #5 – Shinkansen E5 and H5: 224m/hr
The fastest high-speed train in Japan, Shinkansen E5 and H5, started its operation from 5th March 2011. The train, owned by East Japan railway company, runs from Tokyo to Aomori covering the distance of 444miles in just 2hr. 56 minutes. The train runs at the speed of 224 miles/hr. This train is characterised by 15 m. long nose, which minimizes the sound blast in tunnels. Full active suspension system in this train reduces vibration of the moving compartments.
Read More: A Complete Comparison of the Famous Luxury Trains in India
Fastest Train #6 – AGV Italo:223 m/hr
AGV Italo is one of the fastest trains in the world and the fastest train in Europe. This high-speed train with the speed of 223miles/hr runs from Rome to Naples covering the distance of 140 miles in less than one hour. This multi unit train is eco-friendly because 98% of its body parts are recyclable.
Being manufactured by French company Alstom, this train was purchased in 2008 by Italian company Nuovo Transporto Viaggiatori. The Italian company bought 25 tains in lieu of Euro 650 milion.
Also Read: 15 Most Luxurious Experiences in India
Fastest Train #7 – Siemens Velaro E/AVS 103: 217miles/hr
German engineering company Siemens manufactured Velaro E high-speed trains. Velaro E trains are known as AVS 103. The Velaro E with high-speed of 217 miles/hr runs between Barcelona and Madrid covering the distance of 385 miles in just 2 hours 30 minutes.
In 2001, the Spanish National Railways purchased the Velaro E trains. This train has been in operation commercially since 2007. The capacity of carrying passenger of this train is 404.
Suggested Read: List of Luxury Trains in India That Redefine Royal Journeys
Fastest Train #8 – Taglo 350: 217miles/hr
Taglo 350 is one of the fastest trains in Spain as well as the world. It runs between Barcelona and Madrid at the speed of 217miles/hr. The state run railway company operates its functions.
Taglo 350 is designed in such a way so that this train can handle pressure waves. There are 12 passenger cars and two driving cars in this train. The four classes in this train- First class, Club class, Coach class and Bistro class have comfortable seats with footrests.
Further Read: Experience Exotic Train Journeys in Worldwide
Fastest Train #9 – Korail KTX: 205 miles/hr
South Korea’s high speed train Korail KTX runs at the speed of 205 miles/hr. Its new route from Incheon International Airport to coastal town of Gangneung is covered in just 2 hours by the train. It beats the conventional train, which takes around six hours to cover the same distance. This new route was opened during 2018 Winter Olympics.
Also Read : Do you Know About Toy Trains in India
Fastest Train #10 – Deccan Odyssey
Deccan Odyssey offers several facilities from high speed internet to soft beds to sleep on in these imperial carriages based on the theme of the Maharajahs of Yore. This semi high speed luxury train takes guests through the heritage sites of India, famous western coasts, old churches, centuries old temples, and UNESCO World Heritage Sites in fully air conditioned cabins done up richly.
There is everything luxurious onboard including an Ayurveda Spa center, restaurants that serve delicious food, a panoramic view from the window, different accommodation cabins to suit your requirements, washrooms with full amenities, etc. It may not be the highest speed train but takes guests to tour the oldest and fascinating tourist spots in India.
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Complete details of Deccan Odyssey:
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Fastest train #11 – Alstom Euroduplex: 198.8 miles/hr
The multi system, double checked, high speed trains, Euroduplex trains are operated by the French railway company SNCF. The trains run through France, Switzerland, Germany and Luxembourg at a high-speed of 198.8 miles/hr. This train has been in operation since 2011.
The Alstom railway company has designed Euroduplex trains in such a way that the trains can carry 1020 passengers at a time. Lower power consumption and light body weight with improved aerodynamics are special features of these trains.
Also Read: How Many Types of Trains Are There in India?
Fastest Train #12 – SNCF TGV Duplex: 198.8 miles/hr
In France, TGV Duplex train started its operation in December 2011. With high speed of 198.8 miles/hr, this train run through all main cities of France. Multi-system, double check high speed train can carry 508 passengers at a time. This train is operated by the SNCF railway company. Aluminium body, eco-friendly design, stiff passenger compartments are special features of this train. This train ensures safety to its passengers. TGV Duplex trains are manufactured by Alstom manufacturing company.
Fastest Train #13 – Palace on Wheels
This luxury train that may not be one of the top fastest trains in the world but is special in a luxurious way. It has two restaurant cars, a bar, a lounge, various accommodation cabins to suit the guest’s needs. The Palace on Wheels takes guests to popular tourist destinations in India, UNESCO World Heritage Sites, palaces and monuments like the Taj Mahal, Agra Palace, etc.
Guests also go on off-board sightseeing tours to such places as the train makes its way to other station where they board. In addition, guests can also go on a wild safari in India, engage in interesting activities like camel ride, etc. Book tickets for Palace on Wheels earlier to avoid any last minute rush!
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Some Information of Palace on Wheels:
- Palace on Wheels itinerary
- Coaches of Palace on Wheels train
- Palace on Wheels restaurant
- Palace on Wheels cabins
- Route map of Palace on Wheels train
- Palace on Wheels train cost
- Palace on Wheels schedule
Related Posts:
- 15 Most Beautiful and Impressive Railway Stations in India
- Dream it, Book it, Experience it – Palace on Wheels Train
- Maharajas Express – Royal Interior of The Luxury Train
- Different Types of Trains in India
- List of Luxury Trains in the World
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The following is a list of high-speed trains that have been, are, or will be in commercial service.
A high-speed train is generally defined as one which operates at or over 125 mph (200 km/h) in regular passenger service, with a high level of service, and often comprising multi-powered elements.
In these tables, two or three maximum speeds are given: the column «Operated» refers to the maximum speed reached by the train in commercial operations, while the column «Design» refers to the theoretical maximum speed in commercial operations as announced by the manufacturer. Finally, a third «Record» speed may also be listed if there is an independently verified speed record.
Trains with power cars and multiple units[edit]
High-speed trains currently or soon in service[edit]
| Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Service |
Picture | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operated | Designed | Record | |||||||
| Acela Express (1st generation) |
 Amtrak
|
TGV & LRC derived | Alstom Bombardier |
25 kV 60 Hz AC 12 kV 60 Hz AC 12 kV 25 Hz AC |
240 (150 mph) | 266 (165 mph) | 266 (165 mph) | 2000 | 
|
| Afrosiyob |  Uzbekistan Railways
|
Talgo 250 | Talgo | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2011 | 
|
|
| AGV 575 |  NTV
|
AGV | Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
300 | 360 | 2012 | 
|
|
| Alfa Pendular |  CP
|
Pendolino | Fiat Ferroviaria Adtranz Siemens |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 220[1] | 250 | 1999[1] | 
|
|
| Alvia Class 120, 121 (variable gauge) |
 Renfe
|
CAF Cepia | CAF Alstom |
25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 2004 | 
|
|
| Alvia Class 130, 730 (variable gauge) |
Talgo 250 | Talgo Bombardier |
25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC Diesel [N 1] |
250 | 250 | 2007 | 
|
||
| Avant Class 104 | Pendolino | Alstom CAF |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2003 | 
|
||
| Avant Class 114 | New Pendolino | Alstom CAF |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2009 | 
|
||
| AVE Class 100 | TGV | GEC-Alstom CAF |
25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
300 | 300 | 357 | 1992 | 
|
|
| AVE Class 102, 112 | Talgo 350 | Talgo Bombardier |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 350 | 365 | 2005 | 
|
|
| AVE Class 103 | Velaro | Siemens | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 310 | 380 | 403.7[2] | 2006 | 
|
|
| Avelia Liberty (Acela 2nd generation) |
Amtrak
|
TGV & New Pendolino derived | Alstom | 25 kV 60 Hz AC 12 kV 60 Hz AC 12 kV 25 Hz AC |
350 (220 mph)[3] | 2023 | 
|
||
| Avelia Horizon |  SNCF
|
TGV | Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
350[4] | 2024 | |||
| BR Class 43 (InterCity 125) |
 Abellio ScotRail CrossCountry Network Rail
|
HST | BREL | Diesel | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 238 (148 mph) | 1976 | 
|
| BR Class 180 Alstom Coradia | East Midlands Railway Grand Central
|
Coradia | Alstom | Diesel | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2002 | 
|
|
| BR Class 220 | CrossCountry
|
Voyager | Bombardier | Diesel | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2001 | 
|
|
| BR Class 221 Bombardier Voyager | CrossCountry Avanti West Coast
|
Bombardier | Diesel | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2002 | 
|
||
| BR Class 222 | East Midlands Railway
|
Bombardier | Diesel | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2004 | 
|
||
| BR Class 390 Alstom Pendolino | Avanti West Coast
|
Pendolino | Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 248 (154 mph) | 2002 | 
|
| BR Class 395 Javelin Hitachi AT300 | Southeastern
|
A-train | Hitachi Rail | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 750 V DC (3rd rail) |
225 (140 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 252 (157 mph)[5] | 2009 | 
|
| BR Class 397 | TransPennine Express
|
CAF Civity | CAF | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2019 | 
|
|
| BR Class 800 | Great Western Railway London North Eastern Railway
|
A-train | Hitachi Rail | 25 kV 50 Hz AC Diesel |
201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 2017 | 
|
|
| BR Class 801 | London North Eastern Railway
|
Hitachi Rail | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 2019 | 
|
||
| BR Class 802 | Great Western Railway Hull Trains TransPennine Express
|
Hitachi Rail | 25 kV 50 Hz AC Diesel |
201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 2018 | 
|
||
| BR Class 803 | Lumo
|
Hitachi Rail | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 2021 | 
|
||
| BR Class 805 | Avanti West Coast
|
Hitachi Rail | 25 kV 50 Hz AC Diesel |
225 (140 mph) | 2023 | 
|
|||
| BR Class 807 | Avanti West Coast
|
Hitachi Rail | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 225 (140 mph) | 2023 |
|
|||
| BR Class 810 | East Midlands Railway
|
Hitachi Rail | 25 kV 50 Hz AC Diesel |
225 (140 mph) | 2024 | 
|
|||
| CRH1A & CRH1B |  China Railway
|
Regina | Bombardier CSR Sifang |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 278 | 2007 | 
|
| CRH1E | Zefiro | Bombardier CSR Sifang |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2009 | 
|
||
| CRH1A-A CRH1E-250 |
CSR Sifang | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2016 | 
|
|||
| CRH2A CRH2B CRH2E |
Shinkansen | Kawasaki CSR Sifang |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2007 | 
|
||
| CRH2E (New Batch, sleeper) | CSR Sifang | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2017 | 
|
|||
| CRH2C | CSR Sifang | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 350 | 350 | 2008 | 
|
||
| CRH3A | CNR Tangshan CNR Changchun |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2017 | 
|
|||
| CRH3C | Velaro | Siemens CNR Tangshan CNR Changchun |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 380 | 394.2 | 2008 | 
|
|
| CRH5A | New Pendolino | Alstom CNR Changchun |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2007 | 
|
||
| CRH5G | CNR Changchun | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2017 | 
|
|||
| CRH6A | CSR Sifang | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 200 | 220 | 2014 | 
|
|||
| CRH380A & AL | Shinkansen derived[6] | CSR Sifang | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 380 | 486.1 | 2010 | 
|
|
| CRH380B, BL & CL | Velaro | Siemens CNR Tangshan CNR Changchun |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 380 | 487.3 | 2011 | 
|
|
| CRH380D | Zefiro | Bombardier CSR Sifang |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 380 | 483 | 2012 | 
|
|
| CR300AF | Fuxing | CRRC Sifang | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 300 | 2019 | 
|
||
| CR300BF | CRRC Changchun | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 300 | 2019 | 
|
|||
| CR400AF, -A & -B | CRRC Sifang | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350[7] | 400 | 420 | 2017 | 
|
||
| CR400BF, -A & -B | CRRC Tangshan CRRC Changchun |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350[7] | 400 | 420 | 2017 | 
|
||
| DSB IC5 |  DSB
|
Coradia Stream | Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
200 | 2025 | |||
| DSB IC4 | IC4 | AnsaldoBreda | Diesel | 180 | 200 | 2007 | 
|
||
| ED250 |  PKP Intercity
|
New Pendolino | Alstom | 3 kV DC | 200 | 250 | 293[8] | 2014 | 
|
| ČD Class 680 |  ČD
|
Pendolino | Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC, 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC and 3 kV DC | 200 | 230 | 237 | 2006 | 
|
| EMU-320 |  Korail
|
KTX | Hyundai Rotem | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 305 | 352 | 2023 | 
|
|
| ETR 460 | Trenitalia
|
Pendolino | Fiat Ferroviaria | 3 kV DC | 250 | 250 | 1994 | 
|
|
| ETR 470 |  SBB
|
3 kV DC
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
200 | 250 | 1996—2014 | 
|
|||
| Trenitalia
|
1996—2021 | ||||||||
 Hellenic Train
|
2022 | ||||||||
| ETR 480 / ETR 485 | Trenitalia
|
3 kV DC 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
250 | 250 | 1997 | 
|
|||
| ETR 500 (2nd gen) | Alstom Bombardier AnsaldoBreda |
25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC (500F) |
300 | 300 | 362[9] | 2000 | 
|
||
| ETR 600 | New Pendolino | Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 2008 | 
|
||
| ETR 610 | Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 2008 | 
|
|||
| ETR 675 | NTV
|
Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 2017 | 
|
||
| ETR 700 (Previously known as V250) | Trenitalia (Previously  NS SNCB)
|
AnsaldoBreda | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 2012 — 2013 2019 |
|
||
| ETR 1000 (Frecciarossa 1000) | Trenitalia Iryo
|
Zefiro | Bombardier AnsaldoBreda |
25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
300 | 360 | 393.8[10] | 2015 | 
|
| BR Class 373 Eurostar e300 Alstom TGV TMST (initially known as BR Class 373 or TGV TMST) |
Eurostar IZY
|
TGV | GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC 750 KV DC (3rd rail, no longer in use) |
300 (190 mph) | 300 (190 mph) | 334.7 (208.0 mph) | 1993 | 
|
| Eurostar e320 Siemens Velaro | Eurostar
|
Velaro | Siemens | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 3 kV DC 1.5 kV DC |
300 (190 mph) | 320 (200 mph) | 352 (219 mph) | 2015 | 
|
| Flytoget Class 78 |  Flytoget
|
Oaris | CAF | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 210 | 250 | 2021 | 
|
|
| GMB Class 71 | X 2000 derived | Adtranz Strømmen |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 210 | 210 | 1998 | 
|
||
| ICE 1 |  DB
|
ICE | Siemens ABB AEG Krauss-Maffei Krupp Thyssen Henschel |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 280 | 280 | 310 | 1991 | 
|
| ICE 2 | Siemens Adtranz |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 280 | 280 | 316 | 1996 | 
|
||
| ICE 3 Class 403, 406 | DB NS
|
Siemens Bombardier |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC [N 2] 1.5 kV DC [N 3] 3 kV DC [N 3] |
320 | 330 | 368 | 2000 | 
|
|
| ICE 3 Class 407 | DB
|
Velaro | Siemens | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 352[11] | 2013 | 
|
| ICE 3 Class 408 | DB
|
Velaro Neo | Siemens | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 352 | 2022[12] | |
| ICE T | DB ÖBB
|
ICE (contains Pendolino technology) | Siemens Duewag Fiat Ferroviaria |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 230 | 230 | 255 | 2005 | 
|
| ICE 4 | DB
|
ICE | Siemens Bombardier (now Alstom) |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 265 | 265 | 292[13] | 2017 | 
|
| IC2 | DB
|
KISS | Stadler Rail | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 2020 | 
|
|
| Stadler KISS | WESTbahn
|
2011 | 
|
||||||
| Intercity Nieuwe Generatie | NS
|
Coradia Stream | Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
200 | 2023 | 
|
||
| KCIC400AF |  KCIC
|
Fuxing (CR400AF variant) | CRRC Qingdao Sifang | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350[14] | 2023 | 
|
||
| KTX-I | Korail
|
TGV | Alstom Hyundai Rotem |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 305 | 330 | 2004 | 
|
|
| KTX-Eum | KTX | Hyundai Rotem | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 260 | 286 | 2020 | 
|
||
| KTX-Sancheon | Hyundai Rotem | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 305 | 330 | 2010 | 
|
|||
| NSB Class 73 | Go-Ahead Norge SJ Norge Vy
|
X 2000 derived | Adtranz Strømmen |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 210 | 210 | 1999 | 
|
|
| NSB Class 74/75 | Vy
|
FLIRT | Stadler Rail | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200[15] | 200 | 2012 | 
|
|
| RABDe 500 | SBB
|
ICN | Alstom Bombardier |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 2000 | 
|
|
| RABe 501 | SMILE | Stadler Rail | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 275 | 2019 | 
|
|
| RABe 502 | TWINDEXX | Bombardier | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200[16] | 200 | 2018 | 
|
||
| RABe 503 | New Pendolino | Alstom | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
250 | 250 | 2008 | 
|
||
| Regio 2N (Z 56500) |
SNCF
|
Omneo | Bombardier | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
200 | 200 | 2017 | 
|
|
| EVS1/EVS2 Sapsan |  RZD
|
Velaro | Siemens | 3 kV DC 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
250 | 350 | 290 | 2009 | 
|
| SAR push-pull train |  SAR
|
CAF | Diesel | 200 | 200 | 2017 | 
|
||
| 500 Series Shinkansen |  JR West
|
Shinkansen | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 320 | 1997 | 
|
|
| 700 Series Shinkansen | JR Central JR West
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 285 | 285 | 1999 | 
|
||
| N700 Series Shinkansen | JR Central JR Kyushu JR West
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 300 | 332[17] | 2007 | 
|
|
| N700A Series Shinkansen | JR Central JR West
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 300 | 2013 | 
|
||
| N700S Series Shinkansen | JR Central
|
Nippon Sharyo | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 360 | 362[18] | 2020 | 
|
|
| N700S Series Shinkansen | JR Kyushu
|
Nippon Sharyo | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 260 | 360 | 2022 | 
|
||
| N700S Series Shinkansen | Texas Central Railway
|
Nippon Sharyo | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 360 (220 mph) | 2026 | ||||
| 800 Series Shinkansen | JR Kyushu
|
Hitachi Rail | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 260 | 285 | 2004 | 
|
||
| E2 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo Tokyu Car |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 275 | 275 | 362 | 1997 | 
|
|
| E3 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Kawasaki Tokyu Car |
20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 275[19] | 275 | 1997 | 
|
||
| E5 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 320[19] | 320 | 2011 | 
|
||
| E5 Series Shinkansen |  NHSRCL
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 320 | 2026 | ||||
| H5 Series Shinkansen | JR Hokkaido
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 320 | 320 | 2016 | 
|
||
| E6 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 320[20] | 320 | 2013 | 
|
||
| E7 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki J-TREC |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 260[21] | 275[21] | 2014 | 
|
||
| W7 Series Shinkansen | JR West
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 260[21] | 275[21] | 2015 | 
|
||
| E8 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Kawasaki | 20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 2024 | 
|
|||
| Sm3 |  VR
|
Pendolino | Fiat Ferroviaria Rautaruukki Transtech |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 220 | 220 | 242 | 1995 | 
|
| Sm6 Allegro | Karelian Trains
|
Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 3 kV DC |
220 | 220 | 2010 | 
|
||
| Talgo 350 SRO | SRO
|
Talgo 350 | Talgo Bombardier |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 350 | 2018[22] | 
|
|
| TCDD HT65000 |  TCDD Taşımacılık
|
Cepia | CAF | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 250 | 2009 | 
|
|
| TCDD HT80000 | Velaro | Siemens | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 250 | 300 | 2015 | 
|
||
| TGV Atlantique | SNCF
|
TGV | Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
300 | 300 | 515.3 | 1989 | 
|
| TGV Réseau | GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 1993 | 
|
|||
| TGV Duplex | GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 1995 | 
|
|||
| TGV Oceane | GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 2017 | 
|
|||
| TGV POS | Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
320 | 320 | 574.8 | 2006 | 
|
||
| TGV Euroduplex | SNCF TGV Lyria ONCF Ouigo España
|
Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
320 | 320 | 2011 | 
|
||
| Thalys PBA | Thalys
|
GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
300 | 320 | 1996 | 
|
||
| Thalys PBKA | GEC-Alsthom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC 3 kV DC |
300 | 320 | 1997 | 
|
|||
| THSR 700T |  THSR
|
Shinkansen | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 300 | 315 | 315[23] | 2007 | 
|
| Velaro Novo | Brightline West
|
Velaro | Siemens Mobility | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 380 (240 mph) | 2027 | |||
| Vibrant Express |  MTR Corporation[24]
|
|
CRRC Qingdao Sifang[25] | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 380 | 2018[26][27] | 
|
|
| X2 |  SJ
|
X 2000 | Adtranz ABB |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
200 | 210 | 276 | 1989 | 
|
| X3 | Arlanda Express
|
Coradia | GEC-Alsthom | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 205 | 1998 | 
|
|
| X40 | SJ
|
Alstom | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 2006 | 
|
||
| X50 — 55 | SJ Tågkompaniet Västtrafik Veolia Transport Upplands Lokaltrafik
|
Regina | Bombardier | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 303 | 2000 | 
|
| X74 | MTRX
|
Stadler FLIRT | Stadler Rail | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 2015 | 
|
|
| X80 | Västtrafik
|
Zefiro | Bombardier | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 2023 | |||
| Zefiro Express | SJ
|
Zefiro | Alstom | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 250 | 2026 | |||
| Z-TER | SNCF
|
Alstom Bombardier |
25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
200 | 200 | 2003 | 
|
High-speed trains no longer in service[edit]
| Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Service |
Picture | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operated | Designed | Record | |||||||
| BR Class 370 | InterCity
|
APT | BREL | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 250 (160 mph) | 261 (162 mph)[28] | 1980—1986 | 
|
| CRDJJ1 «Blue Arrow» | Guangshen Railway
|
Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 200 | 210 | 235.6 | 2000—2012 | 
|
|
| DJJ2 «China Star» | Qinshen railway
|
Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 200 | 270 | 321.5 | 2002—2006 | 
|
|
| DB Class 403 (1973) | DB
|
AEG BBC Siemens |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 220 | 225 | 1972—1993 | 
|
|
| ER200 |  RZD
|
RVR | 3 kV DC | 200 | 200 | 220 | 1984—2009 | 
|
|
| ETR 450 | Trenitalia
|
Pendolino | Fiat Ferroviaria | 3 kV DC | 250 | 280 | 1988—2015 | 
|
|
| ETR 500 (1st series) | Trenitalia
|
AnsaldoBreda Fiat Ferroviaria Tecnomasio Firema Trasporti |
3 kV DC | 250 | 300 | 321 | 1992—2007 | 
|
|
| ICE TD | DB DSB
|
Venturio | Siemens | Diesel | 200 | 200 | 222 | 2001—2017 | 
|
| RENFE Class 490 | Renfe
|
Pendolino | GEC-Alsthom Fiat Ferrovaria |
3 kV DC | 220 | 220 | 1998—2014 | 
|
|
| TGV Sud-Est | SNCF
|
TGV | Alsthom
Francorail-MTE |
25 kV 50 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
300 | 300 | 380 | 1980—2020 | 
|
| TGV Postal | SNCF (on behalf of La Poste) |
Alsthom
Francorail-MTE |
25 kV 50 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
270 | 270 | 1984—2015 | 
|
||
| 0 Series Shinkansen | JNR JR Central JR West
|
Shinkansen | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Kisha Seizo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 220 | 220 | 1964—2008 | 
|
|
| 100 Series Shinkansen | JNR JR Central JR West
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Tokyu Car |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 230 | 230 | 277.2 | 1985—2012 | 
|
|
| 200 Series Shinkansen | JNR JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Tokyu Car |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 240 (275 H sets) |
275 | 276.2[29] | 1982—2013 | 
|
|
| 300 Series Shinkansen | JR Central JR West
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 270 | 270 | 325.7 | 1992—2012 | 
|
|
| 400 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Tokyu Car |
20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 240 | 240 | 345 | 1992—2010 | 
|
|
| E1 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 240 | 240 | 1994—2012 | 
|
||
| E4 Series Shinkansen | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 240 | 240 | 1997—2021 | 
|
Experimental or modified[edit]
| Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Service |
Picture | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designed | Record | |||||||
| 300X | JR Central
|
Shinkansen | Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 350 | 443[30] | 1994–2002 | 
|
| ALFA-X | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 400 | 400[31] | 2019- | 
|
|
| Class 951 | JNR
|
Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 250 | 286[32] | 1969—1973 | 
|
|
| Class 961 | JNR
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 260 | 319[33] | 1973–1981 | 
|
|
| Class 962 | JNR
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Tokyu Car |
25 kV 50/60 Hz AC | 210 | 1979—2003 | 
|
||
| Class 1000 | JNR
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Kinki Sharyo Nippon Sharyo Kisha Seizo |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 200 | 256[34] | 1962–1976 | 
|
|
| Fastech 360S | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 360 | 405[35] | 2005—2009 | 
|
|
| Fastech 360Z | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
20/25 kV 50 Hz AC | 360 | 405[35] | 2005—2009 | 
|
|
| STAR21 | JR East
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki Nippon Sharyo |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350 | 425[36] | 1992–1998 | 
|
|
| WIN350 | JR West
|
Hitachi Rail Kawasaki |
25 kV 60 Hz AC | 350 | 350[37] | 1992–1995 | 
|
|
| GCT01 (1st generation) |
JR Kyushu
|
Kawasaki, Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car |
20/25 kV 50/60 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
300 | 246[38] | 1998–2006 | 
|
|
| GCT01 (2nd generation) |
JR Kyushu
|
Kawasaki, Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car |
20/25 kV 60 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
270[39] | ? | 2006–2013 | 
|
|
| FGT9000 | JR Kyushu
|
Kawasaki, Hitachi |
20/25 kV 60 Hz AC 1500 V DC |
270[40] | ? | 2014- | 
|
|
| HSR-350x | Korail
|
KTX | Hyundai Rotem | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 385 | 352[41] | 2002—2008 | 
|
| HEMU-430X | Korail
|
Hyundai Rotem | 25 kV 60 Hz AC | 430 | 421[42] | 2012—2017 | 
|
|
| BR APT-E | British Rail
|
APT | British Rail Research Division | Gas turbine | 250 (160 mph) | 245 (152 mph)[43] | 1972—1976 | 
|
| ICE S | DB
|
ICE | Siemens Adtranz AEG DWA |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 393[44] | 1996 | 
|
|
| ICE V | DB
|
Siemens AEG BBC Krauss-Maffei Krupp Thyssen Henschel |
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 407[45] | 1985–1998 | 
|
||
| TGV 001 | SNCF
|
TGV | Alsthom
Brissonneau MTE Turbomeca Jeumont-Schneider Creusot-Loire |
Gas turbine | 300 | 318 | 1972—1978 | 
|
| Modified unit 325 | SNCF
|
Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 1.5 kV DC |
515.3 | 1990 | 
|
||
| TGV V150 | SNCF
|
Alstom | 25 kV 50 Hz AC 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
540 | 575[46] | 2007 | 
|
|
| Schienenzeppelin | Franz Kruckenberg
|
Schienenzeppelin | Franz Kruckenberg | Petrol engine | 230 | 1929—1939 | 
|
|
| ES250 Sokol | RZD
|
ES250 Sokol | RAO VSM | 3 kV DC
25 kV 50 Hz AC |
250[47] | 2000—2002 | 
|
|
| Talgo XXI (Talgo BT) | ADIF
|
Talgo XXI | Talgo Krauss-Maffei |
Diesel | 200 | 256[48] | 1999- | 
|
| Talgo 330 | ADIF
|
Talgo 350 | Talgo Bombardier Krauss-Maffei |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 300 | 336 | 2007- | 
|
| High speed freight train | China Railway
|
Fuxing-derived | CRRC Tangshan | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 350 | 2020 |
Conventionally wheeled locomotive-hauled[edit]
As trains can have multiple configurations on the same service, service name is used as an identifier.
Currently or soon in service[edit]
| Service Name | Operators | Hauled trailers | Locomotive(s) | Loco family | Manufacturer | Power supply | Operated | Designed | Record | In Service |
Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DB Intercity/Eurocity | Deutsche Bahn
|
DB Intercity carriages | DB Class 101 (previously DB Class 103) | Adtranz | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 1965 | 
|
||
| SBB IC/SBB IR | SBB
|
IC 2000 | Re 460 | SLM/ABB | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 1997 | 
|
||
| Einheitswagen IV/SBB EC carriage | 1996 | 
|
|||||||||
| Eurocity | SBB EC carriage/Einheitswagen IV (restaurant only) | Depending on country: Re 460 / DB Class 101 / ÖBB Classes 1016/1116/1216 | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 200 | 200 | 1989 | 
|
||||
| Premier Service | Transport for Wales Rail
|
BR Mark 4 | BR Class 67 | Alstom | EMD 12N-710G3B-EC Diesel | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2000 | 
|
||
| InterCity 225 | London North Eastern Railway
|
BR Mark 4 | BR Class 91 | APT | BREL Alstom |
25 kV 50 Hz AC | 201 (125 mph) | 225 (140 mph) | 262 (163 mph) | 1988 | 
|
| DSB EuroCity (TBC) | DSB
|
Talgo 230 | 2x Litra EB | Vectron | Siemens | 25 kV 50 Hz AC
15 kV 16.7 Hz AC |
200[49] | 2023 | 
|
||
| Railjet | ÖBB ČD
|
Siemens Viaggio Comfort | ES64U2 | Taurus | Siemens | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC
25 kV 50 Hz AC |
230 | 230 | 275[50] | 2008 | 
|
| MARC Train | MARC
|
HHP-8 | HHP-8 | Bombardier Transportation | 12 kV 25 Hz AC
12.5 kV 60 Hz AC |
201 (125 mph)[51][52] | 217 (135 mph) | 1998 | 
|
||
| SC-44 | Charger | Siemens | Cummins QSK95 Diesel | 201 (125 mph)[53][54] | 201 (125 mph) | 2018 | 
|
||||
| Northeast Corridor | Amtrak
|
Amfleet | ACS-64 | Sprinter | Siemens | 12 kV 25 Hz AC
12.5 kV 60 Hz AC 25 kV 60 Hz ACC |
201 (125 mph) | 217 (135 mph) | 2014 | 
|
|
| Brightline | FECI
|
Siemens Venture | SCB-40 | Charger | Siemens | Cummins QSK95 Diesel | 201 (125 mph) | 201 (125 mph) | 2018 | 
|
|
| SNCB Intercity | SNCB
|
SNCB I11 &
SNCB M6 & SNCB M7 & SNCB I10 |
HLE 13 | Tractis | Alstom | 1.5 kV DC
3 kV DC 25 kV AC |
200 | 200 | 1997 | 
|
|
| SNCB Intercity | SNCB
|
SNCB I11 &
SNCB M6 & SNCB M7 & SNCB I10 |
SNCB HLE 18 & HLE 19 | EuroSprinter | Siemens | 1.5 kV DC
3 kV DC 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
200 | 200 | 2011 | 
|
|
| HellasSprinter | Hellenic Train
|
OSE Class 120 | Eurosprinter | Siemens | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | 200[citation needed] | 200 | 1996 | 
|
||
| Nevsky Express | RZD
|
Tver works family | ChS200 | Škoda 66E | Škoda | 3 kV DC | 200 | 200 | 2001 | 
|
|
| EP20 | Alstom Prima derived | Transmashholding
Alstom |
3 kV DC
25 kV 50 Hz AC |
200 | 200 | 2012 | 
|
No longer in service[edit]
| Service Name | Type | Operators | Hauled trailers | Locomotive(s) | Loco family | Manufacturer | Power supply | Operated | Designed | Record | In Service |
Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Le Capitole | Passenger | SNCF
|
UIC-Y coaches /
Grand Confort coaches |
SNCF BB 9200 / SNCF CC 6500 | BB Jacquemin / Nez cassé | Creusot-Loire, Jeumont-Schneider and Compagnie Électro-Mécanique /
Alsthom and MTE |
1.5 kV DC | 200 | 200 | 1967—1991 | 
|
|
| Metropolitan Express Train | Passenger | DB
|
MET coaches / Grand Confort coaches | DB Class 101 | DB Class 101 | FTD Fahrzeugtechnik Dessau | 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC | 220 | 220 | 1998—2021 | 
|
|
| MVGV (Marchandises exploitées en régime Voyageurs à Grande Vitesse) / Train Bloc Express | Freight (postal) | SERNAM (SNCF)
|
9 postal coaches (total 172 metres long, 297 tonnes) | SNCF BB 22200 | Nez cassé | Alsthom and MTE | 25 kV 50 Hz AC1500 V DC | 200 | 200 | 1998—2010 | 
|
|
| Strizh | Passenger | RZD
|
Talgo 9 | EP20 | EP20 | TransmashholdingTalgo | 3 kV DC
25 kV 50 Hz AC |
200 | 200 | 2015—2022 | 
|
Magnetically levitated[edit]
Currently or soon in service[edit]
| Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Service |
Picture | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operated | Designed | Record | |||||||
| Shanghai Transrapid | SMTD
|
Transrapid | Siemens ThyssenKrupp |
Electromagnetic suspension | 431 | 431 | 501[55] | 2004 | 
|
| L0 Series Shinkansen | JR Central
|
Shinkansen | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nippon Sharyo |
Electrodynamic suspension | 505 | 603[56] | 2027[57][58] | 
|
Experimental[edit]
| Name | Operators | Family | Manufacturer | Power supply | Maximum speed (km/h) | In Testing |
Picture | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Designed | Record | |||||||
| ML500 | JNR
|
Shinkansen | Railway Technical Research Institute | Electrodynamic suspension | 517 | 1977—1981 | 
|
|
| MLU001 | JNR
|
405 | 1981—1989 | |||||
| MLU002 | JR Central
|
394 | 1987—1991 | |||||
| MLU002N | 431 | 1993—1996 | ||||||
| MLX01 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Nippon Sharyo |
581 | 1996—2011 | 
|
||||
| Transrapid 04 | Transrapid
|
Transrapid | Siemens Krauss-Maffei |
Electrodynamic suspension | 253[59] | 1973—1977 | 
|
|
| Transrapid 06 | Electromagnetic suspension | 412.6[59] | 1983—1988 | 
|
||||
| Transrapid 07 | Siemens ThyssenKrupp |
Electromagnetic suspension | 450[59] | 1987—1993 | 
|
|||
| Transrapid 08 | Electromagnetic suspension | 431 | 501[59] | 1999—2006 | 
|
|||
| Transrapid 09 | Electromagnetic suspension | 431 | 505[59] | 2006–2007 | 
|
See also[edit]
- Railway speed record
Notes[edit]
- ^ Class 730
- ^ ICE 3M & ICE 3MF
- ^ a b ICE 3M
References[edit]
- ^ a b «Automotoras Eléctricas Série: 4000 (4001-4010 e 4051-4060) :: CP :: (Versão Portuguesa)». Série 4000: CP official website (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 June 2014.
- ^ «Ficha de 9-103-005-5» (in Spanish). Listado del Material Ferroviario Español. Retrieved 16 January 2009.
- ^ «Archived copy» (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ «SNCF confirms TGV of the Future order».
- ^ «Bullet train in milestone run on HS1». Railnews. 10 June 2008. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
an earlier successful ‘overspeed’ test to check train stability and ride on 18th April, when the train achieved a maximum speed of 252 km/h
- ^ a b Fitzpatrick, Michael (15 April 2013). «Did China steal Japan’s high-speed train?». Fortune.
- ^ a b «铁总：9月21日起7对复兴号京沪高铁运营 时速350公里». 腾讯财经. 20 August 2017.
- ^ 291 km/h – Pendolino sets new record by Dyspozytor
- ^ «In galleria il nuovo record di velocità italiano» (in Italian). Ferrovie.it. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
- ^ «Il Frecciarossa 1000 è ancora da record» (in Italian). Ferrovie.it. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
- ^ Volle Kraft voraus. In: como. Ausgabe 8, Mai 2012, ZDB-ID 2478309-2, S. 34–39.
- ^ Der neue ICE
- ^ «ICE 4 cleared for 265 km/h», Today’s Railways Europe (in German), no. 306, p. 57, 2021, ISSN 1354-2753
- ^ Limb, Lottie (14 October 2022). «Flight-free travel around Indonesia is about to get easier thanks to its first high-speed rail line». Travel. Associated Press. euronews.
- ^ «Products». Stadler Rail. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
- ^ «TWINDEXX Express Double-deck Trains, Switzerland — Switzerland — Bombardier». www.bombardier.com. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
- ^ 東海道新幹線、３３２キロで試験運転 各国関係者にＰＲ [Test run at 332 km/h on the Tokaido Shinkansen]. Asahi.com (in Japanese). Japan: The Asahi Shimbun Company. 17 November 2009. Archived from the original on 19 November 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
- ^ «新幹線「N700S」 最高速度362キロ記録». 毎日新聞 (in Japanese). Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ^ a b «320-km/h Hayabusa matches world speed record». The Japan Times. Japan: The Japan Times Ltd. 17 March 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
- ^ ２０１４年３月 ダイヤ改正について [March 2014 timetable revision details] (PDF). News release (in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company. 20 December 2013. p. 1. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
- ^ a b c d «E7系新幹線電車» [E7 series shinkansen EMU]. Japan Railfan Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 54, no. 634. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. February 2014. pp. 9–13.
- ^ «Revised opening date agreed for Saudi HS project». 18 January 2017.
- ^ Taiwan’s High Speed Rail reaches 315 km/h in a test.
- ^ «Hong Kong High-Speed Trains Ready for Track Testing» (PDF) (Press release). 6 November 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
MTR ordered nine high-speed trains for the Express Rail Link project […] The train design is based on China’s CRH380A model.
- ^ «MTR unveils first Express Rail Link high-speed train in Hong Kong». Railway Technology. 6 November 2013.
Currently being built by CSR Qingdao Sifang […] the trains are based on the design of China’s CRH380A model.
- ^ Kuo, Lily (4 October 2018). «‘This is part of the plan’: new train blurs line between China and Hong Kong». The Guardian. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ McHugh, Fionnuala (10 October 2018). «On Hong Kong’s new bullet train — the Vibrant Express». Stuff (NZ). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ «Train smashes speed record». BBC News. 30 July 2003. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
- ^ 新幹線と世界のライバル [Shinkansen & High Speed Train of World]. Jtbパブリッシング. 15 July 2012. ISBN 9784533087684. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
- ^ JR電車編成表 ’98夏号 [JR EMU Formations — Summer 1998]. Japan: JRR. July 1998. p. 99. ISBN 4-88283-029-9.
- ^ ALFA-X(E956) 400km/h走行へ 2019.12.14-15, archived from the original on 21 December 2021, retrieved 16 December 2019
- ^ プロトタイプの世界 — Prototype World. Japan: Kōtsū Shimbunsha. December 2005. OCLC 170056962.
- ^ Yamanouchi, Shūichirō (2002). 東北・上越新幹線 [Tōhoku & Jōetsu Shinkansen]. Tokyo, Japan: JTB Can Books. pp. 171–174. ISBN 4-533-04513-8.
- ^ プロトタイプの世界 — Prototype World. Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. December 2005. OCLC 170056962.
- ^ a b «FASTECH 360 High-Speed Shinkansen Test Train to Debut». 9 March 2005. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
- ^ Yamanouchi, Shūichirō (2002). 東北・上越新幹線 [Tōhoku & Jōetsu Shinkansen]. Tokyo, Japan: JTB Can Books. ISBN 4-533-04513-8.
- ^ プロトタイプの世界 — Prototype World. Japan: Kōtsū Shimbunsha. December 2005. pp. 56–59. OCLC 170056962.
- ^ 軌間可変電車（フリーゲージトレイン）国内走行試験 在来線130km/h達成 [Free Gauge Train achieves 130 km/h on conventional line in Japanese testing] (in Japanese). Japan: Railway Technical Research Institute. 14 January 2002. Archived from the original on 26 October 2007. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ «新形フリーゲージトレイン» [New Gauge-changing Train]. Japan Railfan Magazine. Vol. 47, no. 556. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. August 2007. pp. 86–87.
- ^ フリーゲージトレイン新試験車両 [New experimental free gauge train]. Japan Railfan Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 54, no. 639. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. July 2014. pp. 84–85.
- ^ 부산에서 서울로 출퇴근하는 아빠? (PDF) (in Korean). Science Touch on Friday, KRRI. 4 January 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
- ^ «차세대 고속열차 최고시속 421km 기록» (in Korean). Yonhap News (Naver).
- ^ «To tilt or not to tilt». BBC News. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
- ^ «15 Jahre Hochgeschwindigkeitsverkehr» (in German). Deutsche Bahn AG. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 13 February 2007.
- ^ Peter Jehle; René Naumann; Rainer Schach (2006). Transrapid und Rad-Schiene-Hochgeschwindigkeitsbahn: Ein gesamtheitlicher Systemvergleich (in German). Springer. p. 20. ISBN 3-540-28334-X.
- ^ «Toot Sweet! — French Train Tops 350 MPH to Break Record». National Union of Rail, Maritime, and Transport Workers (RMT) website. 3 April 2007. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
- ^ «Sokol can’t fly yet». Railway Gazette International. 1 October 2001. Archived from the original on 16 June 2011.
- ^ «Talgo: History». www.talgo.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2008. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
- ^ «DSB Litra EB, DSB EB lokomotiv — historie, data, tegning, billeder osv». www.jernbanen.dk. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
- ^ oe24.at — ÖBB-Zug «railjet» mit Geschwindigkeitsrekord
- ^ «APPENDIX 5 : Design Data : High Horsepower Electric Locomotive (for Amtrak, MARC)» (PDF). www.sonic.net. Bombardier Transportation.
- ^ «Caltrain Electrification Project» (PDF), sonic.net, Section 4: ELECTRIC ROLLING STOCK EQUIPMENT POWER, 4.3.1.4 High Horsepower Amtrak/MARC Locomotive, August 2000
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- ^ «Shanghai Maglev Train (431 km/h) — High Definition Video». shanghaichina.ca.
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