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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ МОСКОВСКОЙ
ОБЛАСТИ
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

«КОЛЛЕДЖ «ПОДМОСКОВЬЕ»

РОССИЯ, 141500 Московская область,
г.Солнечногорск, ул.Набережная, д.2

Тел.факс (495) 994-04-65

E-Mail suntown-gpu73@bk.ru

ОКПО 02530647 ОГРН 1035008858213

ИНН 5044000825 КПП
504401001

Методические
рекомендации для практических занятий по английскому языку

для
студентов 1 курса

очной
формы обучения

(Лексический
раздел)

Лобня,
2016

Содержание:

Введение
……………………………………………………………………………………3

Программа курса
«Английский язык» …………………………………………………….5

Методические
рекомендации и примеры практических заданий для 1 курса………..…7

Список литературы…………………………………………………………………………29

Введение

Учебная дисциплина
«Английский язык» является дисциплиной общего гуманитарного
социально-экономического цикла и составляет часть общекультурной подготовки
студентов. Настоящие методические рекомендации по выполнению практических работ
составлены в соответствии с требованиями рабочей программы по дисциплине
«Английский язык». Все часы, отведенные на изучение дисциплины «Английский
язык», являются практическими.

Основной
целью практических занятий по предмету является
овладение общением на изучаемом языке, т. е. умения говорить на иностранном
языке, понимать иностранную речь на слух, излагать свои мысли письменно или
читать и понимать иноязычный текст. Поэтому только овладение речевыми умениями
в разных видах: чтении и понимании, говорении, понимании на слух, письме могут
и должны быть основными объектами контроля.

В
результате освоения учебной дисциплины обучающийся должен знать:

– значения новых
лексических единиц, связанных с тематикой данного этапа и с соответствующими
ситуациями общения;

– языковой
материал: идиоматические выражения, оценочную лексику, единицы речевого
этикета, перечисленные в разделе «Языковой материал» и обслуживающие ситуации
общения в рамках изучаемых тем;

– новые значения
изученных глагольных форм (видо-временных, неличных), средства и способы
выражения модальности; условия, предположения, причины, следствия, побуждения к
действию;

–
лингвострановедческую, страноведческую и социокультурную информацию, расширенную
за счет новой тематики и проблематики речевого общения;

– тексты,
построенные на языковом материале повседневного и профессионального общения, в
том числе инструкции и нормативные документы по специальностям СПО;

В
результате освоения учебной дисциплины обучающийся должен уметь:

– вести диалог
(диалог–расспрос, диалог–обмен мнениями/суждениями, диалог–побуждение к
действию, этикетный диалог и их комбинации) в ситуациях официального и
неофициального общения в бытовой, социокультурной и учебно-трудовой сферах,
используя аргументацию, эмоционально-оценочные средства;

– рассказывать,
рассуждать в связи с изученной тематикой, проблематикой
прочитанных/прослушанных текстов; описывать события, излагать факты, делать
сообщения;

– создавать
словесный социокультурный портрет своей страны и страны/стран изучаемого языка
на основе разнообразной страноведческой и культуроведческой информации;

– понимать
относительно полно (общий смысл) высказывания на изучаемом иностранном языке в
различных ситуациях общения;

– понимать
основное содержание аутентичных аудио- или видеотекстов познавательного
характера на темы, предлагаемые в рамках курса, выборочно извлекать из них
необходимую информацию;

– оценивать
важность/новизну информации, определять свое отношение к ней:

– читать
аутентичные тексты разных стилей (публицистические, художественные,
научно-популярные и технические), используя основные виды чтения
(ознакомительное, изучающее, просмотровое/поисковое) в зависимости от
коммуникативной задачи;

– описывать
явления, события, излагать факты в письме личного и делового характера;

– заполнять
различные виды анкет, сообщать сведения о себе в форме, принятой в
стране/странах изучаемого языка;

использовать
приобретенные знания и умения в практической и профессиональной деятельности,
повседневной жизни.

Программа
курса «Английский язык»

Раздел 1 Вводный
курс.

Тема 1.1. Описание
человека (внешность,  национальность, образование, личные качества, род
занятий, должность, место работы)

Тема 1.2. Семья и семейные
отношения, домашние обязанности

Раздел 2
Физкультура и спорт, здоровый образ жизни.

Тема 2.1. Спорт и
здоровый образ жизни

Тема 2.2.
Олимпийские игры

Раздел 3 Город,
деревня, инфраструктура. Описание  местоположения объекта. Описание жилища  и
учебного заведения.

Тема 3.1.Жизнь в
городе и в деревне

Тема 3.2.Описание
местоположения объекта (адрес, как найти)

Тема 3.3.Описание
жилища  и учебного заведения (здание, обстановка, условия жизни, техника,
оборудование)

Раздел 4 Повседневная
жизнь. Досуг.

Тема 4.1. Повседневная
жизнь (распорядок дня студента колледжа)

Тема 4.2. Досуг.
Хобби.

Раздел 5 Магазины,
товары, совершение покупок.

Тема 5.1. Магазины
и покупки.

Тема 5.2. Магазины
в России и Великобритании.

Раздел 6 Еда,
способы приготовления пищи, традиции питания.

Тема 6.1. Прием
пищи.

Тема 6.2. Технология
приготовления пищи, традиции питания.

Раздел 7 Экскурсии
и путешествия.

Тема 7.1.
Путешествия и туризм.

Тема 7.2. Tours
and excursions.

Раздел 8 Россия,
её национальные символы, государственное и политическое устройство, обычаи и
традиции.

Тема 8.1. Государственное
устройство, правовые институты России

Тема 8.2. Культурные
и национальные традиции, краеведение, обычаи и праздники России

Раздел 9 Англоговорящие
страны, географическое положение, климат, национальные символы, государственное
и политическое устройство, экономика, достопримечательности.

Тема 9.1.  Англоговорящие
страны, географическое положение, климат, национальные символы.

Тема 9.2. Государственное
и политическое устройство, экономика Великобритании.

Тема 9.3. Культурные
и национальные традиции, обычаи и праздники Великобритании.

Методические
рекомендации и примеры практических заданий.

Тема 1.1.
Описание человека (внешность,  национальность, образование, личные качества,
род занятий, должность, место работы).

Цель: Изучить
лексический материал по теме, совершенствовать умения чтения.

Прочитайте и
переведите текст на русский язык, ответьте на вопросы.

ABOUT
MYSELF

Hello, friends.
Let me first introduce myself. My name is Ann or Anya for my friends. My
surname or last name is Sokolova. I was born on the 2^nd of October
in Sochi, Krasnodarsky Krai. This is the most beautiful city in Russia situated
on the Black Sea coast. Now I am a first-year student at the
Technical Academy. In five years I’ll be an engineer.

Now let me
describe my appearance. I am tall and slim and have fair hair and
blue eyes. My friends say that I am pretty. I think I am just good-looking. I
love sports and music. I was very serious about a career in gymnastics
when I was in the 5^th form. But then I broke my arm and doctors
didn’t let me go in for gymnastics. I love to listen to modern music and dance.
I dance a lot and I hope I am good at it. I also love swimming. I always swim
in the Black sea when I visit my parents, my dear family.

I would like to
tell you about my family. There are five people in our family. My father’s name
is Vladimir Stepanovich. He is a mathematician by education and businessman
by profession. My mother’s name is Tatyana Petrovna. She is a housewife.
She has much work about the house because I have a younger sister. She is a
pupil. My sister Natasha is in the fifth form. My grandmother, my mother’s
mother, lives with us. She is very kind and helps us a lot.

Our family is very
friendly, we have many friends. In summer many relatives come to visit us. And,
of course, they use a chance to spend several weeks in beautiful
Sochi.

In May I have
finished school No 5 in Sochi. I did well in all the subjects but my favourite
subjects at school were Physics and Computer Science. I also enjoyed English
lessons.

I am very
interested in learning English because I always wanted to become a programmer
or maybe a businesswoman. I also think that the knowledge of foreign languages
helps in everyday life and career.

Two years ago I
travelled much around Europe. I have visited France, Germany, Belgium, the
Netherlands and the United Kingdom. There the knowledge of English helped
me a lot.

As you see,’ my
biography isn’t very long yet. But we’ll meet again in the next lesson and I’ll
tell you more about myself. See you later…

Please,
introduce yourself. The questions below will certainly help you:

1.
What is your name?

2.
Where and when were you born?

3.
How old are you?

5.
Have you got a family?

6.
How many people are there in your family?

7.
Do you have brothers, sisters, grandparents in your family?

8.
Where do you live?

9.
Did you study well at school?

10.
What school did you finish?

11.
Did your teacher of English help you to choose your future profession?

12.
What was your favourite subject?

13.
What do you like to read?

14.
What sport do you go in for?

15.
What are you going to be?

Тема 1.2.
Семья и семейные отношения, домашние обязанности

Цель: Изучить
лексический материал по теме, совершенствовать умения чтения.

Прочитайте и
переведите текст на русский язык, ответьте на вопросы.

Our
Family

Let me
introduce myself. My name is Alexander, Alec for short. At the moment I am a
pupil of the 10th Form. My parents are not old at all. Father is 45 years old,
and Mother is three years his junior. My father works at a big plant as an
engineer. He is a good-looking man, tall, handsome, with dark-brown hair just
beginning to go grey. By character my father is a quite man, a little
unpractical while my mother is energetic and talkative. She is
very attractive, a beautiful woman with large blue eyes and fair hair. My
mother is a teacher of music and plays the piano very well. She always has a
lot of work to do about the house, and we all help her. She manages her house
very well. My mother is kind and gentle, very practical and full of common
sense.

Besides
me, my parents have two more children. Thus I have got an older brother and a
younger sister. My brother, whose name is Michael, is nine years my senior. He
is a builder. Michael is married and has a family of his own. He has a wife and
two children — a son and a daughter. They are twins. They are as like as two
peas.
It
means I have a niece and a nephew.

My
younger sister Helen is only eleven. She is a lovely little girl with golden
hair and dark blue eyes. She is always full of joy and gaiety. Helen does well
at school and gets only good and excellent marks. She loves music and dancing
and she sings prettily. She is like a ray of sunshine in the house.

Our
family is very united. We like to spend time together watching TV, listening to
music or just talking about the events of the day. Our parents don’t always
agree to what we say but they listen to our opinion.

All of
us like to spend our weekends out of town. We often go to the village where our
grandparents live. They are old-age pensioners now but prefer to live in the
country.

I also
have many other relatives: uncles, aunts, cousins and many friends. We are
happy when we are together.

Questions:
1. How many are you in the family?
2. What are your parents?
3. Are you the only child in the family?
4. How old is your brother (sister)? Is he (she) your senior or junior?
5. What is your sister’s (brother’s) occupation?
6. Have you any other close relatives?
7.
What kind of family have you got?

Тема 2.1.
Спорт и здоровый образ жизни

Цель: Изучить
лексический материал по теме, совершенствовать умения чтения.

Прочитайте и
переведите текст на русский язык, ответьте на вопросы.

SPORTS IN GREAT
BRITAIN

The British are
known to be great sports-lovers, so when they are neither playing, nor watching
games, they like to talk about them. Many of the games we play now have come
from Britain.

One of the most
British games is cricket. It is often played in schools, colleges, universities
and by club teams all over the country. Summer isn’t summer without cricket. To
many Englishmen cricket is both a game and a standard of behaviour. When they
consider anything unfair, they sometimes say: «That isn’t cricket.»

But as almost
everywhere else in the world, the game which attracts the greatest attention is
Association football, or soccer. Every Saturday from late August till the
beginning of May, large crowds of people support their favourite sides in
football grounds. True fans will travel from one end of the country to the
other to see their team play. There are plenty of professional and amateur
soccer clubs all over Britain. International football matches and the Cup
Finals take place at Wembley.

Rugby football is
also very popular, but it is played mainly by amateurs.

Next to football,
the chief spectator sport in British life is horse-racing. A lot of people are
interested in the races and risk money on the horse which they think will win.
The Derby is perhaps the most famous single sporting event in the whole world.

Britain is also
famous for motor-car racing, dog-racing, boat-racing, and even races for
donkeys. The famous boat-race between the teams of Oxford and Cambridge
attracts large crowds of people.

A great number of
people play and watch tennis. Tennis tournaments at Wimbledon are known all
over the world. The innumerable tennis courts of Britain are occupied by people
between the ages of 16 and 60 who show every degree of skill — from practically
helpless to the extremely able.

The British also
like to play golf, baseball, hockey, grass-hockey. Various forms of athletics,
such as running, jumping, swimming, boxing are also popular. You can sometimes
hear that there are no winter sports in England. Of course the English weather
is not always cold enough to ski, skate, or toboggan, but winter is a good
season for hunting and fishing.

Indeed, sport in
one form or another is an essential part of daily life in Britain.

Questions

1.
What do the British do when they are neither playing, nor watching games?

2.
What kind of sport is especially associated with Britain?

3.
What is cricket for an Englishman?

4.
What is the most popular game in the world?

5.
Where do the Cup Finals take place?

6.
Is rugby played by professionals?

7.
What kinds of racing are popular in Britain?

8.
What do you know about Wimbledon?

Тема 2.2.
Олимпийские игры

Цель: Изучить
лексический материал по теме, совершенствовать умения чтения.

Прочитайте и
переведите текст на русский язык, ответьте на вопросы.

OLYMPIC
GAMES

The
Olympic Games have a very long history. They began in 777 BC in Greece and took
place every four years for nearly twelve centuries at Olimpia. They included
many different kinds of sports: running, boxing, wrestling, etc. All the cities
in Greece sent their best athletes to Olimpia to compete in the Games. For the
period of the Games all the wars stopped. So the Olympic Games became the
symbol of peace and friendship.

In
394 AD the Games were abolished and were not renewed until many centuries
later.

In
1894, a Frenchman, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, addressed all the sports
governing bodies and pointed out the significance of sports and its educational
value.

Two
years later the first modern Olympic Games took place. Of course, the
competitions were held in Greece to symbolize the continuation of the centuries-old
tradition.

In
1896 the International Olympic Committee was set up. It is the central
policy-making body of the Olympic movement. It is formed by the representatives
of all countries which take part in the Olympic Games. The International
Olympic Committee decides upon the programme of the games, the number of the
participants and the city-host for the Games. Over one hundred and fifty
countries are represented in the International Olympic Committee now. Besides,
each country has its National Olympic Committee.

Summer
and Winter Games are held separately. There are always several cities wishing
to host the Games. The most suitable is selected by the International
Committee. After that the city of the Games starts preparations for the
competitions, constructs new sports facilities, stadiums, hotels, press centres.
Thousands of athletes, journalists and guests come to the Games, and it takes
great efforts to arrange everything. There is always an interesting cultural
programme of concerts, exhibitions, festivals, etc., for each Games.

Russia
joined the Olympic movement in 1952. Since then it has won a lot of gold,
silver, and bronze medals. In 1980 Moscow hosted the Twenty-

Second
Olympic Games.

The
latest Olympic Games were held in Sydney. Russian sportsmen got medals for
their records in many sports events.

Questions

1.
When and where did the Olympic Games begin?

2.
Why did the Olympic Games become the symbol of peace and friendship?

3.
When did the Games in Greece stop?

4. Who
renewed the Olympic movement?

5.
When and where did the first modem Games take place?

6.
When was the International Olympic Committee set up? What is its function?

7.
Are Summer and Winter Games held separately?

8.
How does the city-host prepare for the Olympic Games?

9.
When did Russia join the Olympic movement?

10.
Where were the latest Olympic Games held?

Тема
3.1.Жизнь в городе и в деревне

Цель: Изучить
лексический материал по теме, совершенствовать умения чтения.

Прочитайте и
переведите текст на русский язык, выполните задание.

Town
or country mouse?

Once
upon a time, there were two mice – cousins. One lived in the town and the other
in the country. The town mouse was a very superior mouse, who thought that
living in the town was far better than living the country. So one day, he
invited his country cousin to stay with him in his town house and experience
the civilized lifestyle of the town. They sat down to a meal, which to the
country mouse was a feast. “Goodness me” he said. “If I was in the country, I
would be having only simple bread and cheese in the quiet of my peaceful home.”
Suddenly, there was a loud noise at the door. “Don’t worry,” said the town
mouse, “that’s just my neighbour — the dog, he wants to join us for dinner.”
The country mouse ate a little faster. Another noise was heard outside, even
louder this time. “Oh dear” said the town mouse, “the cat who lives facing my
house wants to join us too.” Quickly eating the last of his meal, the country
mouse said, “thank you, but I think I will return to the peace and quiet of my
own house after all!” Then he ran back home as fast as his legs could carry
him.

This
simple tale (taken from Aesop’s famous stories) shows that what may be a good
place to live for one person, may not be good for another. A modern version of
this story might look like this:

Maria
lives in a big city surrounded by the speed and convenience of urban life. She
works in an office with 1000 other employees, and travels too and from there on
a crowded Metro. Her home is a flat overlooking a busy city-street, which is
always alive with the sound of traffic and people passing by. After work she
meets with friends in a bar or restaurant before going on to a disco or
nightclub. Weekends are spent in the shopping mall with its numerous shops,
multi-screen cinemas, fast food and entertainment complexes.

 Alex,
however, lives in a small village in the countryside. He cycles to work down
country lanes every morning, the sound of tractors, birds and animals in his
ears. In the evening, he relaxes at home in front of the fire with a good book
to read. At weekends, he goes for long walks in the fields with his dog.

Unfortunately,
life is not as simple as stories make it. A lot of today’s ‘town mice’ such as
Maria would be happy to live in the country. Many modern cities have very large
populations (Tokyo or Mexico City — over 25 million) and can be crowded, dirty
and dangerous places to live. More than half the world’s population now lives
in cities. In much of Europe and North America this can be as high as much as
80% of a country’s population. (According to the United Nations, approximately
1 billion people in cities are living in slum conditions – overcrowded and
unhealthy).

 The
18th Century marked the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the
depopulation of the countryside, and the move to towns. The towns became places
of mass employment in factories and offices. Today, many town dwellers wish to reverse this trend
and return to a slower pace of life like Alex, our modern ‘country mouse’. Yet,
a modern country existence is not without its problems; poor transport, lack of
access to hospitals and education, and services found in towns such as large shops,
banks and entertainment.

The
debate between town and country is meaningless these days, as so many people
live in towns, and very few people are actually able to choose where they live;
this is dictated by their work or birth. The internet and other mass media have
linked country areas to the world, providing access to information – even to
remote areas. If
people
are to be persuaded to stay in the countryside, other benefits of the city need
to be available (employment, healthcare and education). Conversely, the
introduction of city parks and forests, and traffic free zones, has helped in
bringing a little of the countryside to the city streets.

The
UN World habitat day (4th October) this year looks at this issue. It emphasises
the need for strong links between town and countryside, and their mutual
dependence upon each other.

Are
you a town mouse or a country mouse?

Below
are 10 sentences from the text, but the words are in the wrong order and the
punctuation is missing. Can you put the words in the correct order and put in
the punctuation?

1.
civilised mouse town the city life thought was

2.
peace quiet the and country missed mouse

3.
maria’s a busy house overlooks street city

4.
the shopping weekends goes to maria mall at

5.
reading of the alex enjoys front in fire

6.
large very modern have cities populations

7.
to are live slums places overcrowded

8.
in 18^th moved to countryside people city the from century

9.
internet in information the people to provides local areas

10.
the is world un in october day habitat

Тема
3.2.Описание местоположения объекта (адрес, как найти)

Цель: Изучить лексический
материал по теме.

Выполните задание.

Look
at the map below and choose where your partner needs to start and finish their journey.
Then write the instructions to get them there. Use the imperative in your instructions
(eg ‘Turn right at the traffic lights. Go under the bridge.’).

Asking
for directions

• Excuse
  me, could you tell me how to get to ____?
• Excuse
  me, do you know where the ____ is?
• I’m
  looking for ____
• Is
  this the right way to ____?
• Is
  this the way to ?
• Can
  you show me on the map here?
• How
  do I get to ____?
• What’s
  the best way to ____?
• Where
  is ____?

Тема
3.3.Описание жилища  и учебного заведения (здание, обстановка, условия жизни,
техника, оборудование)

Цель: Изучить
лексический материал по теме, совершенствовать умения чтения.

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переведите текст на русский язык, выполните задание.

My college

I
would like to tell you about my college. It is a fine two-storeyed building in
the centre of the city. It is not very new, but it is nice and comfortable. I
study here for the first year. On the first floor of the building there is a
hall, a cloak-room, a canteen, a gym, and some classes. On the second floor
there is a director’s office, computer classes and laboratories, a big concert
hall, a library and a reading-room. I like it.

When
I come to college, I wipe my feet, take off my coat and go to the cloak-room.
After that I go to the timetable which is also in the hall. lt’s good to come
to the classroom before the bell rings.

After
a few classes I go to the canteen and have breakfast. I don’t like our canteen
very much, that’s why I take some food with myself too.

My
favourite subjects at college are physics, IT and English. During the breaks I
like to talk with my friends, read the college newspaper.

Our
college is not only the place where we study, it’s also the place where we stay
after classes to take part in clubs. Our college is very green: there are
flowers on every window-sill. And it is very clean too. When my friends, who
study in other colleges, come to this place they are surprised when they see
that everything is in great order. But I’ll reveal the secret: this is the merit
of not only the board of the college but also of the students — because it’s
our second home and we must take care of it.

College
life is difficult but I know it’s rewarding! That’s why I know that tomorrow I’ll
come here again!

Guess
the word by the explanation of its meaning.

1) a
place where you can leave coats and bags while you are visiting a building

2) a
list of the times when school lessons take place

3) a
place equipped for gymnastics

4) a
room equipped for scientific work

5)
pleasant to use; free from worry

6)
something that is studied

7) a
group of people who meet together because they are interested in the same thing

a
short rest from work

Тема 4.1. Повседневная
жизнь (распорядок дня студента колледжа)

Цель: Изучить
лексический материал по теме, совершенствовать умения чтения.

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My
day

Yesterday
it was a very hard day for Dima Yaroslavtsev. He stood up too late and didn’t
have his breakfast. He went to college and remembered that he had left his
pencil-case at home. Besides, he said some unpleasant words to his friends and
the latter was offended.

«Misfortunes
never come alone,» thought Andrew when he came home, «the day was
spoiled.» He decided to take from his father.

Today
Dima’s father, Sergey Yassilievich got up at a quarter to seven, did his bed.
Then he washed himself, brushed his teeth, dressed, and packed his suitcase for
work. «Have you brushed your teeth?», he asked his son «Yes, I
have done it. I’m also ready. Let’s go and have breakfast.»

The
day was very good for Dima. He was in college on time and he was ready to
answer any question the teacher asked. Today he had the classes of Mathematics,
Russian, English, and Physics. It was very difficult to study because there
were many new things. But the textbooks were good, and the tasks were clear.
His group mate Igor didn’t study maths well at school, so he didn’t understand
the new material. But the teacher patiently explained, and everybody understood
the task.

After
classes the students went to different hobby groups. Dima is fond of computers,
so he went to a programming club. There are ten students in the club besides
him. Today the topic was cycles. At home Dima rewrote one of the programs and
inserted a cycle there. The program began to work better.

After
the
club Dima went home and had dinner. All the family were together, except
Father, who was still at the plant. They discussed the events of the day.

After
dinner Dima had a rest, did his homework, read books from the college library.
Then his college friends phoned him and called him for a walk. When he came
back he had supper, got ready for the next day and went to bed.

This
time he was satisfied with his day and decided to plan it carefully in the
future.

Answer
the following questions.

1.
When do you usually get up?

2.
When do the 1essons at college start?

3.
When do you have lunch?

4.
When do you come home after classes?

5.
When do you start doing your homework?

6.
When do you go to bed?

Тема 4.2.
Досуг. Хобби.

Цель: Изучить
лексический материал по теме, совершенствовать умения чтения.

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HOBBIES

Hobbies
differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and
taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting.

Hobbies
are divided into four large classes: doing things, making things, collecting
things, and learning things.

The
most popular of all hobby groups is doing things. It includes a wide variety of
activities, everything from gardening to travelling and from chess to volleyball.

Gardening
is one of the oldest of man’s hobbies. It’s a well-known fact that the English
are very fond of gardening and growing flowers, especially roses.

Both
grown-ups and children are fond of playing different computer games. This is a relatively
new hobby but it’s becoming more and more popular.

Making
things includes drawing, painting, making sculpture, designing costumes,
handicrafts. Two of the most famous hobby painters were President Eisenhower
and Sir Winston Churchill. Some hobbyists write music or play musical
instruments.

Almost
everyone collects something at some period in his life: stamps, coins,
matchboxes, books, records, postcards, toys, watches. Some collections have no
real value. Others become so large and so valuable that they are housed in
museums and galleries. Many world-famous collections started in a small way
with one or two items. People with a good deal of money often collect paintings,
rare books and other art objects. Often such private collections are given to
museums, libraries and public galleries so that others might take pleasure in
seeing them.

No
matter what kind of hobby a person has, he always has the opportunity of
learning from it. By reading about the things he is interested in, he is adding
to what he knows. Learning things can be the most exciting aspect of a hobby.

Questions

1.
Tastes differ. Can you say the same about hobbies?

2.
Have you chosen a hobby according to your character and taste?

3.
Which
hobby groups do you know?

4.
The most popular hobby group is doing things, isn’t it? What kind of activities
does this group include?

5.
What do you know about gardening?

6.
Do you like computer games?

7.
Are you fond of making things?

8.
Do you know any famous hobbyists?

9.
Have you ever collected anything?

10.
What can be collected?

11.
Do you know of any private collections that were given to museums or art
galleries?

12.
Do you agree that learning can be the most exciting aspect of a hobby? Why?

Тема 5.1.
Магазины и покупки.

Цель: Изучить
лексический материал по теме, совершенствовать умения чтения.

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HOW
I WENT SHOPPING

One
day my friend Nick and I decided to go shopping. I took my salary and Nick took
his father’s salary. Nick needed some new clothes badly. There are a lot of
shops, supermarkets and department stores in the centre of the city, so we
decided to go through some of them.

The
first shop on our way was a large supermarket. The choice of goods was very
impressive. It seemed to us that on the counters and shelves there was everything
one could want. We could see sausages of different kinds, fish, meat, poultry.
At the bakery there was bread, rolls, buscuits. At the dairy department there
was milk, cream, cheese, butter. Everything was nicely packed and when we came
to the cashier our baskets were full.

Then
we went to the department store which was right across the street. Nick and I
are fond of computers and video and hi-fi equipment, so we couldn’t go past our
favourite department. There were a lot of computers, video cassette recorders,
TV sets, hi-fi centres and tape recorders. Nick bought three new CDs and I
bought two video cassettes.

And
then, at last, we found the men’s clothing department. There were a lot of
suits, trousers, jackets, shirts and many other things. Nick needed a suit because
he was going to the theatre with his girlfriend and her parents to see Pygmalion.
As you probably remember, Nick is very tall and slim. So it’s always
difficult to find clothes that would suit him perfectly. The shop assistant asked
Nick’s size and offered him a nice suit. But when Nick tried it on I couldn’t
help laughing. The jacket was too big for him and the trousers were too short.
He looked so funny! The shop assistant thought for a moment and then suggested
that Nick should try on some jackets and some trousers separately. An hour
later Nick looked like an English gentleman. The pinstriped jacket matched the
black trousers perfectly. The shop assistant also showed Nick a wonderful tie
and he immediately agreed to buy it.

We
had to go home by taxi because our bags were so huge that we could hardly lift
them. We came home completely broke but happy.

Questions

1.
Who does the shopping in your family?

2.
How often do you go shopping?

3.
Do you prefer to go shopping on weekdays or at the weekend?

4.
Do you like to go to small shops or to big department stores and supermarkets?

5.
Which do you think is the most convenient time for shopping?

6.
Some people are fond of window-shopping (разглядывание витрин). Can you say
that you belong to such people?

7.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of big supermarkets?

8.
When did you last go shopping? What did you buy?

Тема 5.2. Магазины в
России и Великобритании.

Цель: Изучение
лексического материала по теме, формирование социокультурной компетенции.

Прочитайте и
переведите текст на русский язык, ответьте на вопросы.

British
Shopping Habits

 The
British are not very adventurous shoppers. They like reliability and buy
brand-name goods wherever possible, preferably with the price clearly marked.
They are not very keen on haggling over prices. It is therefore not surprising
that a very high proportion of the country’s shops are branches of chain
stores. Visitors from northern European countries are sometimes surprised by
the shabbiness of shop-window displays, even in prosperous areas. But the
British do not demand art in their shop windows. In general, they have been rather
slow to take on the idea that shopping might actually be fun.

 On
the other hand, visitors are also sometimes struck by the variety of types of
shops. Most shops are chain stores, but among those that are not, there is a
lot of individuality. Independent shopowners feci no need to follow
conventional ideas about what a particular shop does and doesn’t sell.

 The
British have their own systems of measurement. Although on tins and packets of
food in British shops the weight of an item is written in the kilos and grams
familiar to people from the continent, most British people have little idea of
what these terms mean. Everybody in Britain still shops in pounds and ounces.
Therefore, many of their packets and tins also record their weight in pounds
(written as «lbs») and ounces (written as «oz»). Moreover,
nobody ever asks for a kilo of apples or 200 grams of cheese. If those are
amounts you want, you should ask for «two pounds or so» of apples and
«half a pound or less» of cheese.

 Shoe
and clothing sizes are also measured on different scales in Britain. The people
who work in shops which sell these things usually know about continental and
American sizes too, but most British people don’t.

 Authorities
are now trying to attract more people to shops. In fact, in recent years shop
opening hours have become more varied. It is now much easier than it used to be
to find shops open after six. In some areas the local authorities are
encouraging high-street shops to stay open very late on some evenings as a way
of putting new life into their «dead» town centres.

 But
the most significant change in recent years has been with regard to Sundays.
Large shops and supermarkets can now stay open on Sundays for six hours, and
small shops are allowed to open on Sundays for as long as they like. So
shopping is now something that the whole family can do together.

Questions

 1.
What sort of shoppers are the British? Why?

 2.
What kind of things do they usually buy?

 3.
What sort of shoppers are Russian people?

 4.
Do Russian people like to haggle over prices? And what about you?

 5.
Why do people usually haggle over prices?

 6.
Why do the British still shop in pounds and ounces?

 7.
What are the recent changes in shop opening hours?

 8.
What are shop opening hours in Russia?

 9.
Is it convenient to do the shopping in Russia?

Тема 6.1.
Прием пищи.

Цель: Изучить
лексический материал по теме, совершенствовать умения чтения.

Прочитайте и
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FAST FOOD

Doctors
may tell you that junk food is bad for your health but McDonald’s, Burger King
or Pizza Hut can prove that young people don’t listen to that advice…

How
did the hamburger become the most popular, most typical American food?

The
hamburger has no connection with ham. It got its name from the German town of
Hamburg, which was famous for its ground steak. German immigrants to the United
States introduced the ‘hamburger steak’. Then, the introduction of the bun was
an important part of the answer. Another important part is McDonald’s, one of
the world’s most famous fast food restaurants.

You
can find them in Japan, Germany, Panama, Guatemala, Australia, Portugal, Hong
Kong and even Moscow. In fact, there are 13,000 in 120 countries. There’s even
a floating McDonald’s in St. Louis, Mississippi, and another in Alaska. The
first McDonald’s was opened in Des Plaines, Illinois, and is now a museum.

What
makes American fast food so popular?

Lee
Cho, a South Korean, says: “I often go to MacDonald’s. It’s clean, less
expensive than other restaurants and saves time.”

Natalia
Petrovna, a girl from Moscow, says “I find the hamburgers very tasty and the
sundaes with caramel sauce are out of this world”

Karen
Smith, from Frankfurt: “MacDonald’s is our favourite meeting point. We can sit
there and talk for hours in a friendly atmosphere. There are lots of young
people around. The food is cheap and the milkshakes…yum…”

Older
people are very critical of this sort of food. Lots of young people in the USA
are overweight and parents blame these high-calorie foods that their children
gobble up in large quantities.

Say
if the following sentences are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false
ones.

1.     The
hamburger is originally
American.                                                                 

2.     The
hamburger got its name from the word
“ham”.                                                   

3.     The first
McDonald’s opened in the American state of Florida.

4.     People
can eat hamburgers everywhere around the world.

Тема 6.2.
Технология приготовления пищи, традиции питания.

Цель: Изучить
лексический материал по теме.

Прочитайте и
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TIME
FOR TEA

The
British and tea are inseparable. 8 out of 10 people in Britain drink tea every
day and Britain imports about 20% of all the world’s tea. Tea makes up about
half of all that a British person drinks. Tea has even played a part in British
literature and history.

Do
you remember the Mad Hatter’s tea party in Alice in Wonderland? And
there was the «Boston Tea Party» when a group of Americans threw a
delivery of tea from the ships into the waters of Boston harbour because the
ruling British government wanted to tax it. This particular tea party marks the
beginning of the movement to make America independent.

Tea
didn’t come to Europe until 1610 and was introduced to Britain in 1657 by
Catherine of Braganza, King Charles II’s wife. But by the 1800s, the exotic drink
became so popular that special ships («clippers») were designed to
bring it quickly from China.

Most
people in Britain drink tea with black leaves although now herbal teas which do
not contain caffeine are becoming more popular.

The
taste of teas can be very different even if they are from the same farm and
expert tea-tasters have to blend them to ensure that packets of tea which have
the same label taste the same when you buy them in a shop.

The
British are very fussy about how their tea is made. The teapot must be warmed
before the tea is put in, the water must be boiling properly, the right
quantity of tea — «one spoon for each person and one for the pot» —
must be used and the tea must be brewed for three minutes. They see the
drinking of tea as the opportunity to relax for a few minutes. It’s also
regarded as a great comforter. If you’ve just suffered a misfortune in Britain
and you call on a friend, you’re likely to be told, «Oh well, just sit
down and I’ll make you a nice cup of tea»!

Тема 7.1.
Путешествия и туризм.

Цель: Изучить
лексический материал по теме, совершенствовать умения чтения.

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TRAVELLING

Millions
of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to
see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient
towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places, or just for a change of scene.
It’s always interesting to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet
different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical
rhythms.

Those
who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting
museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic
restaurants. City-dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the
mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and laze in the sun.

Most
travellers and holiday-makers take a camera with them and take pictures of
everything that interests them — the sights of a
city, old churches and castles, views of mountains, lakes, valleys, plains,
waterfalls, forests; different kinds of trees, flowers and plants, animals and
birds.

Later,
perhaps years later, they will be reminded by the photos of the happy time they
have had.

People
travel by train, by plane, by boat and by car.

All
means of travel have their advantages and disadvantages. And people choose one
according to their plans and destinations.

If
we are fond of travelling, we see and learn a lot of things that we can never
see or learn at home, though we may read about them in books and newspapers,
and see pictures of them on TV. The best way to study geography is to travel,
and the best way to get to know and understand people is to meet them in their
own homes.

Questions

1.
Are you fond of travelling?

2.
Why do people travel?

3.
Why do people take a camera with them? What do they usually photograph?

4.
What do we see and learn while travelling?

5.
Do you agree that travelling broadens our minds?

6.
How do different people spend their holidays?

7.
What means of travel do you know? What are their advantages and disadvantages?

8.
What places have you visited?

9.
Have you ever taken a holiday cruise ([kru:z] круиз) along the Black
Sea coast or down the Volga?

10.
Some people prefer to travel on their own and hate travelling in a group. What
about you?

11.
What countries would you like to visit?

12.
Do you like to explore new places?

13.
If someone invited you to spend a week on a desert island, would you agree?

14.
Do you believe that one day people will be able to travel hi space?

15.
Would you like to go to Mars or some other planet?

Тема 7.2.
Tours and excursions.

Цель: Изучить
лексический материал по теме.

Прочитайте рекламное
объявление и переведите на русский язык.

Excursions

CTO Events Company
offers the opportunity of daily sightseeing excursions. The tours may be
organized repeatedly in the course of the Conference for all the participants
to have the opportunity to spend the leisure time with great pleasure and to
their benefit.

The choice of the
excursions will be up to the participants who will be offered the complete list
in advance. Moscow with its centuries-long history is glad to show off its
beauty.

The Company offers
a wide choice of tours and excursions around Moscow. Below is given a list of
some of them, far from being complete.

«Evening Moscow»

In the evening
Moscow plunge into the sea of light. Shop windows are shining, restaurants and
night clubs invite to drop in with gleaming lights, not very noticeable at
daytime objects transform in the rays of building illumination. Moscow becomes
stylish and enigmatic. During the excursion you will see St. Basil’s Cathedral,
admire the view of the Kremlin from the Sofiyskaya Embankment and Moscow
panorama from the Sparrow Hills, and visit the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour,
Novodevichiy Convent, Poklonnaya Hill, New Arbat, Tverskoy Boulevard, Theatre
Square. The
program can be complemented at your wish.

Тема 8.1.
Государственное устройство, правовые институты России

Цель: Изучение
лексического материала по теме, формирование социокультурной компетенции.

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Political
system of Russia

The
Russian Federation is a Presidential (or a constitutional) republic. The
President is the head of the state and is elected directly by the people. In
fact he has much power, he controls all the three branches of power. The
President can even dissolve the Duma if he doesn’t agree with his suggestions
three times running. The President has his administration, but it’s not part of
the Federal Government. The President is involved in the work of the
legislative and executive branches.

The
Federal Assembly represents the Legislative branch of power. It’s made up of
the two houses: the Federation Counsil and the State Duma, which make laws. The
Federal Assembly is also calld the Parlamrnt, but it’s not its oficial name.
Both chambers are headed by chairmen sometimes called speakers. The Duma
consists of 450 deputies (one half is elected personally py the population, and
the other half consists of the deputies who are appointed by their parties
after voting). The members of the Federation Counsil are elected on a different
basis. There are two representatives of each subject of the RF (89 subjects).
Every law to be adapted must be approved by the State Duma, the Counsil of
Federation and signed by the President. The President can veto laws passed by
the Federal Assembly, but it can pass laws over the President’s veto a
two-thirds majority.

The
Federal Government represents the executive branch of power. The President
appoints its head, the Chainman of the Government, but the Dums must approve
his appointment.

The
juridical branch of power consists of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme
Court and lower Courts. The responsibility of the Constitutional Court is to
analyse the new laws to make sure they correspond to the laws of the state. The
Constitutional Court has tte right to declare actions of the President, the
Federal Assembly and the Federal Government unconstitutional. The Supreme Court
is the higest instance for civil and criminal cases.

Тема 8.2.
Культурные и национальные традиции, краеведение, обычаи и праздники России

Цель: Изучение
лексического материала по теме, формирование социокультурной компетенции.

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Russian
festivals and traditions

In
Russia the New Year Eve is considered the most waited for and popular holiday.
There are many particular Russian traditions linked to that holiday. First of
all, it is the Grandfather Frost or “Ded Moroz” with the Snow Maiden or
“Snegurochka”. The Grandfather Frost looks very much like Santa Clause. The
Grandfather Frost comes into every Russian family and brings gifts to all
children with the help of the Snow Maiden. For New Year, kids decorate New
Year’s trees. Very often these trees are decorated with homemade toys.

Russian
Christmas is celebrated on the eve of the 7^th of January that is two
weeks later than in the Western countries. This difference is due to the
Russian religious tradition which uses the old Julian calendar. According to
the tradition, the whole Russian family gathers to have a special Christmas
meal. When the first star appears, people greet each other with this phrase:
“Christ is born!” Due to the difference in the currently used calendar and the
traditional calendar of the Orthodox Church, we can celebrate two holidays of
New Year! We even have a special name for the second New Year holiday which is
very confusing for foreigners – The Old New Year.

The
main religious festival comes in spring and is called Easter. Christians
believe that on that day Jesus Christ was resurrected from the dead, which gave
much reason for joy and hope for all people. The Easter is preceded by lent
which lasts for forty days, during which time people are not allowed to eat
meat, eggs and other kinds of food. To make this time easier there is a festival
called ‘Maslenitsa’ (Shrovetide), or butter festival. At this time, we eat
pancakes and get ready for lent.

On
the Easter eve Russians cook special dishes, among which are Easter cakes. Also
a very popular tradition is to paint eggs in different colours with specific
meaning for each colour. The red colour, for instance, signifies Jesus’ blood
on the cross. On Easter, people give each other a hug, kiss each other, say
“Christ has arisen!” and exchange red eggs. In many regions of Russia, painting
of eggs became a kind of art.

These
are most important religious festival in Russia. There are also several
national holidays celebrated in Russia throughout the whole year. On 23rd of
February is the Defender’s Day. It has become a kind of Men’s Day and women give
men small gifts. Soon after that holiday comes a holiday for all women, March
8. There is an unofficial holiday very popular among all Russian. It is the Day
of Laugh of April 1. People tell jokes each other and sometimes play practical
jokes on somebody. On this day, all women receive flowers and presents. May 1,
or the Labour Day, used to be a grand holiday in the Soviet times with huge
demonstrations in all cities. Victory Day on May 9 have parades and ceremonies
to honor those who died in World War II. At 9pm a minute of silence is
announced after which in all major Russian cities there are fireworks in the
memory of more than 20 million people who died in the war.

One
of the newest official holidays is Independence Day on June 12. The beginning
of the school year on September 1 is traditionally celebrated as the Knowledge
Day. Teachers are given flowers by their pupils. November 7 used to be the
October Revolution Day but it has been recently abolished. Finally, on December
12 we celebrate the Constitution Day which was adopted in 1993. Since it is
also a new holiday, no special traditions have evolved linked to that day. As
you see, there are many festivals and holidays in Russia, traditional,
religious and official ones. Besides these, we also love to celebrate western
holidays such as Halloween or St. Valentine’s Day.

Тема 9.1. 
Англоговорящие страны, географическое положение, климат, национальные символы.

Цель: Изучение
лексического материала по теме, формирование социокультурной компетенции.

Прочитайте и
переведите на русский язык, перескажите текст.

The
English-speaking countries.

The
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official
name of the British Kingdom. It is situated on the British Isles. The UK
consists of four countries. They are England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The capital of the UK is London. London stands on the Thames. The Thames
is the deepest river in the UK. There are a lot of lakes in Great Britain. Loch Ness attracts millions of tourists by its legendary monster. The
population of the UK is over 57 million people. The official language is
English. The flag of the UK is known as the Union Jack. The United Kingdom is famous for Big Ben, Westminster Abby.

The
United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world (after Russia,
Canada and China). It is one of the most powerful and advanced countries in
the world. The USA is situated in the central part of North America. The USA
is a federal republic. It consists of fifty states. The capital of the country
is Washington. The population of the USA is about 250 million people. The flag
of the USA is called “Stars and Stripes”. The Statue of Liberty is the national
symbol of the country. The largest city is New York. It is the financial and
cultural centre of the USA.  The official language is English. Many rivers
cross the country. The most important are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Colorado. The USA is famous for Coca-Cola, Hollywood and Disneyland.

Canada is the second
largest country in the world.  It is situated in North America. Canada
is a federation of 10 provinces and 2 territories. There are two official
languages in Canada. They are English and French. The capital of the country is
Ottawa. The largest cities are Toronto and Montreal. Canada
is famous for hockey and the Niagara Fall. The population of Canada
is about 28 million people. The official symbol of the country is the maple.
Today Canada is one of the most highly developed countries in the world.

Australia is the only
country in the world that is also a continent. It is the sixth largest country
and the smallest continent. It is situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. It is a federation of states. The official language in Australia is English. The capital of the country is Canberra. Australia is famous for
kangaroos. The largest city is Sidney. Today Australia is one of the most
developed countries in the world. Australia produces and exports large amounts
of minerals and farm goods.

Тема 9.2.
Государственное и политическое устройство, экономика Великобритании.

Цель: Изучение
лексического материала по теме, формирование социокультурной компетенции.

Прочитайте и
переведите на русский язык, ответьте на вопросы.

THE
POLITICAL SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN

Great
Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II.
The queen reigns, but does not rule.

The
legislative power in the country is exercised by Parliament. Parliament makes
the laws of Great Britain. It consists of the queen, the House of Commons, and
the House of Lords.

The
House of Commons is Britain’s real governing body. It has 650 members, elected
by the people. Members of the House of Commons have no fixed terms. They are
chosen in a general election, which must be held at least every five years. But
an election may be called anytime, and many Parliaments do not last five years.
Almost all British citizens 18 years old or older may vote.

The
House of Lords is the upper house of Parliament. It was once the stronger
house, but today has little power. It can delay – but never defeat – any bill.
The House of Lords has about 1170 members. The people do not elect them. The
House of Lords is composed of hereditary and life peers and peeresses. Their
right to sit in the House passes, with their title, usually to their oldest
sons.

The
prime minister is usually the leader of the political party that has the most
seats in the House of Commons. The monarch appoints the prime minister after
each general election. The monarch asks the prime minister to form a
Government. The prime minister selects about 100 ministers. From them, he picks
a special group to make up the Cabinet.

The
Cabinet usually consists of about 20 ministers. The ministers of the more important
departments, such as the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and the Home Office,
are named to every Cabinet.

The
government draws up most bills and introduces them in Parliament. The queen
must approve all bills passed by Parliament before they can become laws.
Although the queen may reject a bill, no monarch has since the 1700’s.
           Law courts of
Great Britain operate under three separate legal system – one for England and
Wales, one for Northern Ireland, and one for Scotland. In all three systems,
the House of Lords is the highest court of appeal in civil cases. It is also
the highest court of appeal in criminal cases, except in Scotland. The queen
appoints all British judges on the advice of the government.

Political
parties are necessary to British’s system of government. The chief political
parties in Britain today are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. The
Conservative Party developed from the Tories, and has been supported by wealthy
people as well as professional people and farmers. The Labour Party has been
supported by skilled and unskilled workers, especially union members.

The
Constitution of Great Britain is not one document. Much of it is not even in
writing, and so the country is said to have an unwritten constitution. Some of
the written parts of Britain’s Constitution come from laws passed by
Parliament. Some – from such old documents as Magna Carta, which limited the
king’s power. Other written parts come from common law, a body of laws based on
people’s customs and beliefs, and supported in the courts.

Questions

1.   
Is Great Britain a monarchy?

2.   
Who is the head of state in Great Britain?

3.   
What body is the legislative power in Great Britain exercised by?

4.   
What does the British Parliament consist of?

5.   
How many members has the House of Commons?

6.   
Has the House of Lords strong power?

7.   
Are the members of the House of Lords elected?

8.   
Does the monarch or the prime minister form the government?

9.   
How many ministers are there in the Cabinet?

10.  What
body draws up bills?

11.  What
body is the highest court of appeal?

12.
What political parties are there in Great Britain today?

Тема 9.3.
Культурные и национальные традиции, обычаи и праздники Великобритании.

Цель: Изучение
лексического материала по теме, формирование социокультурной компетенции.

Прочитайте и
переведите на русский язык, ответьте на вопросы.

British Traditions and Customs

British
nation is considered to be the most conservative in Europe. It is not a secret
that every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In
Great Britain people attach greater importance to traditions and customs than
in other European countries. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully
keep them up. The best examples are their queen, money system, their weights
and measures.

There
are many customs and some of them are very old. There is, for example, the
Marble Championship, where the British Champion is crowned; he wins a silver
cup known among folk dancers as Morris Dancing. Morris Dancing is an event
where people, worn in beautiful clothes with ribbons and bells, dance with
handkerchiefs or big sticks in their hands, while traditional music- sounds.

Another
example is the Boat Race, which takes place on the river Thames, often on
Easter Sunday. A boat with a team from Oxford University and one with a team
from Cambridge University hold a race.

British
people think that the Grand National horse race is the most exciting horse race
in the world. It takes place near Liverpool every year. Sometimes it happens
the same day as the Boat Race takes place, sometimes a week later. Amateur
riders as well as professional jockeys can participate. It is a very famous
event.

There
are many celebrations in May, especially in the countryside.

Halloween
is a day on which many children dress up in unusual costumes. In fact, this
holiday has a Celtic origin. The day was originally called All Halloween’s Eve,
because it happens on October 31, the eve of all Saint’s Day. The name was
later shortened to Halloween. The Celts celebrated the coming of New Year on
that day.

Another
tradition is the holiday called Bonfire Night.

On
November 5,1605, a man called Guy Fawkes planned to blow up the Houses of Parliament
where the king James 1st was to open Parliament on that day. But Guy Fawkes was
unable to realize his plan and was caught and later, hanged. The British still
remember that Guy Fawkes’ Night. It is another name for this holiday. This day
one can see children with figures, made of sacks and straw and dressed in old
clothes. On November 5th, children put their figures on the bonfire, burn them,
and light their fireworks.

In
the end of the year, there is the most famous New Year celebration. In London,
many people go to Trafalgar Square on New Year’s Eve. There is singing and
dancing at 12 o’clock on December 31st.

A
popular Scottish event is the Edinburgh Festival of music and drama, which
takes place every year. A truly Welsh event is the Eisteddfod, a national
festival of traditional poetry and music, with a competition for the best new
poem in Welsh.

If
we look at English weights and measures, we can be convinced that the British
are very conservative people. They do not use the internationally accepted
measurements. They have conserved their old measures. There are nine essential
measures. For general use, the smallest weight is one ounce, then 16 ounce is
equal to a pound. Fourteen pounds is one stone.

The
English always give people’s weight in pounds and stones. Liquids they measure
in pints, quarts and gallons. There are two pints in a quart and four quarts or
eight pints are in one gallon. For length, they have inches» foot, yards and
miles.

If
we have always been used to the metric system therefore the English monetary
system could be found rather difficult for us. They have a pound sterling,
which is divided into twenty shillings, half-crown is cost two shillings and
sixpence, shilling is worth twelve pennies and one penny could be changed by
two halfpennies.

Questions

1. What
nation is considered to be the most conservative in Europe?
2. What are the best examples of their conservatism?
3. What are the most popular English traditions?
4. What is the original name of Halloween?
5. What is a popular Scottish event?
6. What is the Eisteddfod?
7. What peculiarities of the English monetary system do you know?

Список
литературы:

1.     Агабекян
И.П. Английский язык/ И.П. Агабекян. – издание 16-е. – Ростов н/Д: Феникс,
2010. -318, [1] с. – ( Среднее профессиональное образование).

2.     Восковская
А.С. Английский язык / А.С. Восковская, Т.А. Карпова – издание 12-е. – Ростов
н/Д: Феникс, 2013. -376, [1] с. – (Среднее профессиональное образование).

3.    
Цветкова
И.В. Английский язык для школьников и поступающих в ВУЗЫ — Устный экзамен –
Феникс – 2011. – 230 с.