Группа word for word

Word-for-word
translation is another method of rendering sense.
It presents a consecutive verbal translation though at the level of
word-groups and sentences. This way of translation is often employed
both consciously and subconsciously by students in the process
of translating alien grammatical constructions/word forms. Sometimes
students at the initial stage of learning a foreign language may
employ
this way of translation even when dealing with seemingly common
phrases or sentences, which are structurally different from their
equivalents in the native tongue. Usually the students employ
word-for-word
translation to convey the sense of word-groups or sentences which
have a structural form, the order of words, and the means of
connection
quite different from those in the target language. To achieve
faithfulness
various grammtical in translation, word-for-word variants are
to be corrected to avoid various grammatical violations made by the
inexperienced students. Cf. You
are right to begin with*BU маєте
рацію,
щоб
почати
з
instead of Почнемо
з
того/припустимо,
що
ви
маєте
рацію/що
ви
праві.

1. Interlinear translation.

The
interlinear¹
way/method of translating is
a conventional
term for a strictly faithful rendering of sense expressed by
word-groups
and sentences at the level of some text. The
method
of interlinear translation may be practically applied to all speech
units(sentences, super syntactic units, passages). Interlinear
translation always provides a completely faithful conveying only of
content, which is often achieved through various transformations of
structure of many sense units.

Interlinear
translating is widely practiced at the intermediary and
advanced stages of studying a foreign language. It is helpful when
checking up the students’ understanding of certain structurally
peculiar
English sense units in the passage under translation.
The interlinear method of translating helps the student to obtain
the necessary training in rendering the main aspects of the foreign
language.

The
method
of interlinear translation is practically employed when rendering
some passages or works for internal office use in scientific/research
centers and laboratories and other organizations and by students in
their translation
practice

1. Literary translation.

Literary
translating represents the highest level of translator’s activity.
Literary translators in addition to dealing with the difficulties
inherent to translations
of all fields, must consider the aesthetic aspects of the text, its
beauty and style, as well as its marks (lexical, grammatical or
phonological) keeping in mind that one language’s stylistic marcs
can be different from another’s. the important idea is that the
quality of the translation
be the same in both languages while also maintaining the integrity of
the contents at the same time.

For
a translator, the fundamental issue is searching for equivalents that
produce the same effects in the translated text as those that the
author was seeking for readers of the original text.

Literary
artistic translation
presents a faithful transmission of content and of the artistic
merits only of a work.

Literary
translations are always performed in literary all-nation languages
and with many transformations which help achieve the ease and beauty
of
the original composition.

When
the SL and TL belong to different cultural groups the first problem
faced by the translator is finding terms in his own language that
express
the highest level of faithfulness possible to the meaning of certain
worlds.

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I’m quite sure i saw that line in some NLP applications.

This list comprehension:

[[word for word in document.lower().split() if word not in stoplist] for document in documents]

is the same as

ending_list = [] # often known as document stream in NLP.
for document in documents: # Loop through a list.
  internal_list = [] # often known as a a list tokens
  for word in document.lower().split():
    if word not in stoplist:
      internal_list.append(word) # this is where the [[word for word...] ...] appears
  ending_list.append(internal_list)

Basically you want a list of documents that contains a list of tokens. So by looping through the documents,

for document in documents:

you then split each document into tokens

  list_of_tokens = []
  for word in document.lower().split():

and then make a list of of these tokens:

    list_of_tokens.append(word)    

For example:

>>> doc = "This is a foo bar sentence ."
>>> [word for word in doc.lower().split()]
['this', 'is', 'a', 'foo', 'bar', 'sentence', '.']

It’s the same as:

>>> doc = "This is a foo bar sentence ."
>>> list_of_tokens = []
>>> for word in doc.lower().split():
...   list_of_tokens.append(word)
... 
>>> list_of_tokens
['this', 'is', 'a', 'foo', 'bar', 'sentence', '.']

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