Table of Contents
- What is the ancient Greek word for intelligence?
- What is Phronimos?
- What does Aristotle mean by the Phronimos?
- What does nous mean in Greek?
- What is the Greek word for idea?
- What does Eidos mean in Greek?
- What are the main ideas presented philosophy?
- Does Descartes believe in God?
- What are the 3 main branches of philosophy?
- What were Descartes main ideas?
- What did Descartes mean by I think therefore I am?
- What is the meaning of Descartes?
- How does Descartes define reason?
- How does Descartes know he exist?
- Why is Descartes important?
- What is Descartes theory?
- Why is dualism wrong?
- What are the two types of minds Descartes talks about?
- What is Descartes view of the self?
- What did David Hume say about self?
- How does Kant define self?
- What is self According to John Locke?
- What Socrates said about self?
- What is Kant main philosophy?
- What is the highest good According to Kant?
- What is Kant’s moral law?
- What is pure reasoning?
- What is Kant’s reason and will?
Phren (Ancient Greek: φρήν, romanized: phrēn, lit. ‘mind’; plural phrenes, φρένες) is an Ancient Greek word for the location of thought or contemplation.
What is the ancient Greek word for intelligence?
Phronesis (Ancient Greek: φρόνησῐς, romanized: phrónēsis) is an ancient Greek word for a type of wisdom or intelligence relevant to practical action, implying both good judgement and excellence of character and habits. …
What is Phronimos?
The phronimos is the person whose life is characterized by such applications of phronêsis and who, as a result, tends to flourish throughout his life. Such a person is said to be eudaimôn or “happy.”
What does Aristotle mean by the Phronimos?
Aristotle’s phronimos and Mencius’s sage are the paragons of virtue. They exemplify practical wisdom, enabling them to perform virtuous actions called for in different situations, and are the concrete models of virtue for all human beings, without whom others would not be able to cultivate their virtues.
What does nous mean in Greek?
mind
The word idea comes from Greek ἰδέα idea “form, pattern,” from the root of ἰδεῖν idein, “to see.”
What does Eidos mean in Greek?
Eidos may refer to: Eidos (philosophy), a Greek term meaning “form” “essence”, “type” or “species”.
What are the main ideas presented philosophy?
Our department is very strong, covering five main fields of philosophy:
- Epistemology: theories of knowledge.
- Ethics: theories of morality and moral principles.
- Metaphysics: theories of existence, identity, cause-and-effect, time-and-space, etc.
- Political philosophy: theories of authority, justice, liberty, etc.
Does Descartes believe in God?
According to Descartes, God’s existence is established by the fact that Descartes has a clear and distinct idea of God; but the truth of Descartes’s clear and distinct ideas are guaranteed by the fact that God exists and is not a deceiver. Thus, in order to show that God exists, Descartes must assume that God exists.
What are the 3 main branches of philosophy?
Explain and differentiate three main areas of philosophy: ethics, epistemology and metaphysics.
What were Descartes main ideas?
Scholars agree that Descartes recognizes at least three innate ideas: the idea of God, the idea of (finite) mind, and the idea of (indefinite) body. In the letter to Elisabeth, he includes a fourth: the idea of the union (of mind and body).
What did Descartes mean by I think therefore I am?
“I think; therefore I am” was the end of the search Descartes conducted for a statement that could not be doubted. He found that he could not doubt that he himself existed, as he was the one doing the doubting in the first place. In Latin (the language in which Descartes wrote), the phrase is “Cogito, ergo sum.”
What is the meaning of Descartes?
Definitions of Descartes. noun. French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter; introduced the use of coordinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions (1596-1650)
How does Descartes define reason?
Descartes firmly believed that reason is a native gift of humans and that true knowledge can be directly gleaned not from books but only through the methodical application of reason.
How does Descartes know he exist?
Descartes knows that he himself is finite. He reasons that it is not possible for a finite being to dream of infinity. Therefore the idea of the infinite must come before the idea of the finite, before any person can begin to think of what he or she is.
Why is Descartes important?
Descartes has been heralded as the first modern philosopher. He is famous for having made an important connection between geometry and algebra, which allowed for the solving of geometrical problems by way of algebraic equations.
What is Descartes theory?
Descartes argued the theory of innate knowledge and that all humans were born with knowledge through the higher power of God. It was this theory of innate knowledge that later led philosopher John Locke (1632–1704) to combat the theory of empiricism, which held that all knowledge is acquired through experience.
Why is dualism wrong?
Dualism fails because there’s no need for the extra-physical stuff. The physical stuff is sufficient, and it’s just a quirk of the human brain that it can’t place physical operations into the category of mental experience.
What are the two types of minds Descartes talks about?
Substance dualism, or Cartesian dualism, most famously defended by René Descartes, argues that there are two kinds of foundation: mental and physical. This philosophy states that the mental can exist outside of the body, and the body cannot think.
What is Descartes view of the self?
Abstract. In the ;Meditations’ and related texts from the early 1640s, Descartes argues that the self can be correctly considered as either a mind or a human being, and that the self’s properties vary accordingly. The self is constituted by the beings that jointly produce this mental life, and derives its unity from it …
What did David Hume say about self?
Hume suggests that the self is just a bundle of perceptions, like links in a chain. To look for a unifying self beyond those perceptions is like looking for a chain apart from the links that constitute it.
How does Kant define self?
According to him, we all have an inner and an outer self which together form our consciousness. The inner self is comprised of our psychological state and our rational intellect. The outer self includes our sense and the physical world. According to Kant, representation occurs through our senses.
What is self According to John Locke?
John Locke holds that personal identity is a matter of psychological continuity. He considered personal identity (or the self) to be founded on consciousness (viz. memory), and not on the substance of either the soul or the body.
What Socrates said about self?
And contrary to the opinion of the masses, one’s true self, according to Socrates, is not to be identified with what we own, with our social status, our reputation, or even with our body. Instead, Socrates famously maintained that our true self is our soul.
What is Kant main philosophy?
Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) argued that the supreme principle of morality is a standard of rationality that he dubbed the “Categorical Imperative” (CI). Thus, at the heart of Kant’s moral philosophy is a conception of reason whose reach in practical affairs goes well beyond that of a Humean ‘slave’ to the passions.
What is the highest good According to Kant?
Kant understands the highest good, most basically, as happiness proportionate to virtue, where virtue is the unconditioned good and happiness is the conditioned good.
What is Kant’s moral law?
The Moral Law: Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. In Moral Law, Kant argues that a human action is only morally good if it is done from a sense of duty, and that a duty is a formal principle based not on self-interest or from a consideration of what results might follow.
What is pure reasoning?
: the faculty that embraces the a priori forms of knowledge and is the source of transcendental ideas — compare intuitive reason.
What is Kant’s reason and will?
Roughly speaking, we can divide the world into beings with reason and will like ourselves and things that lack those faculties. Moral actions, for Kant, are actions where reason leads, rather than follows, and actions where we must take other beings that act according to their own conception of the law into account.
What is the Greek word for thoughts?
Phren
What are deep thoughts called?
In this page you can discover 9 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for deep thought, like: profound thought, contemplation, engrossment, reflection, study, concentration, preoccupation, absorption and meditation.
What are thoughts called?
Thought (also called thinking) is the mental process in which beings form psychological associations and models of the world. Thinking is manipulating information, as when we form concepts, engage in problem solving, reason and make decisions.
What are the 3 types of thinking?
Three Types of Thinking There are three types of thought that our brains produce: insightful (used for problem solving), experiential (focused on the task at hand), and incessant (chatter). Insightful thinking helps us to do long range planning and problem solving.
What are the six types of thinking?
In the 1950s, Benjamin Bloom developed a classification of thinking skills that is still helpful today; it is known as Bloom’s taxonomy. He lists six types of thinking skills, ranked in order of complexity: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.
How can I stop unwanted thoughts?
Try one of these two techniques:
- Set a timer, watch, or other alarm for 3 minutes. Then focus on your unwanted thought. …
- Instead of using a timer, you can tape-record yourself shouting «Stop!» at intervals of 3 minutes, 2 minutes, and 1 minute. Do the thought-stopping exercise.
Can we control our thoughts?
We are aware of a tiny fraction of the thinking that goes on in our minds, and we can control only a tiny part of our conscious thoughts. The vast majority of our thinking efforts goes on subconsciously. Only one or two of these thoughts are likely to breach into consciousness at a time.
How can I remove negative thoughts from my subconscious mind?
Here’s what you can do: Sit comfortably, take a few deep breaths, and calm yourself down. Start to become aware of your mind producing thoughts without engaging with them. If you find yourself getting engaged with the thought, take a moment to acknowledge that and return back to watching.
How can I make my subconscious mind positive?
Six tips on how to reprogram your subconscious
- Adopt empowering beliefs. Limiting beliefs hold us back from what we want in life. …
- Embrace the beauty of uncertainty. …
- Focus on gratitude. …
- Watch your environment. …
- Visualize. …
- Biohack your subconscious mind with binaural beats.
How can I calm my subconscious mind?
To enhance the self-healing nature of your subconscious mind, you have to practice following tricks to remove subconscious blocks of your life.
- Start your day with nothing. …
- Watch your thoughts. …
- Keep yourself busy. …
- Play some relaxing music. …
- Try meditation.
How do I unlock my subconscious mind?
Below are five ways you can hack your subconscious mind to get what you want.
- Meditation. One of the ways to hack your subconscious mind is to meditate. …
- Hack your Subconscious Mind through Positive Reinforcement. …
- Positive Affirmations. …
- Visualization. …
- Start a Gratitude Journal. …
- 2 Responses.
Why is the subconscious mind so powerful?
The subconscious mind is the powerful secondary system that runs everything in your life. … The subconscious mind is a data-bank for everything, which is not in your conscious mind. It stores your beliefs, your previous experience, your memories, your skills. Everything that you have seen, done or thought is also there.
What is subconscious mind example?
Your Subconscious Mind Examples of your subconscious are memories, beliefs, fears and subjective maps of reality. The thing with your unconscious mind is it’s very powerful and can, without your awareness, direct the course of what you do in your life.
How can I get answers to my subconscious mind?
HOW TO GET ANSWERS FROM YOUR SUBCONSCIOUS MIND
- IDENTIFY YOUR QUESTION/PROBLEM. What is it you’re trying to achieve? What do you need to know? …
- RELAX. This is key. …
- FEEL. Allow yourself to feel what it would be like to have the answer to your question. …
- THANK. If you knew something was already handled, you’d have no trouble feeling thankful. …
- LET GO. You’re done now.
How long does it take to reprogram your subconscious mind?
66 days
Can the subconscious mind be reprogrammed?
Yes, you can reprogram the subconscious mind. … So by definition your life is a printout of your subconscious programs. So the things that you like and that come easily to you in your life are there because you have a program that allows them to be there.
Can you reprogram your brain?
You can reprogram your brain to achieve more focus on the things that truly matter — your goals. … If you don’t choose to reprogram your brain, someone else will program it for you to help with their goals.
Are dreams your subconscious?
Therefore, when you are thinking about a person, or an event associated with that person before you fall asleep, even for a little while, chances are that you may encounter them in your dreams a well. … This is because dreams are a way of your subconscious mind to communicate with your conscious mind.
What is your subconscious trying to tell you?
Your unconscious mind is trying to tell you that action needs to be taken to resolve some of the most pressing issues. In fact, it is working overtime to try to figure out some solutions, which is part of the reason why your conscious mind is so strapped for energy.
Can your subconscious mind control you?
Your subconscious mind is a powerful force to be reckoned with. It makes up around 95% of your brain power and handles everything your body needs to function properly, from eating and breathing to digesting and making memories. It’s a very strange being when you think about.
Can Dream kill you?
There’s an interesting reason why people think they’re deadly. Dream Diary is a series exploring dreams, nightmares, and what happens when they bleed into real life. Here, we debunk the rumor that nightmares can kill.
Do dreams last for 3 seconds?
The length of a dream can vary; they may last for a few seconds, or approximately 20–30 minutes. People are more likely to remember the dream if they are awakened during the REM phase. … During a full eight-hour night sleep, most dreams occur in the typical two hours of REM.
Can you feel pain in dreams?
The results indicate that although pain is rare in dreams, it is nevertheless compatible with the representational code of dreaming. Further, the association of pain with dream content may implicate brainstem and limbic centers in the regulation of painful stimuli during REM sleep.
Can you die from sleep paralysis?
They are known as ‘Incubus’ or ‘Succubus’! — Although there is no denying that sleep paralysis can be a horrifying experience, the truth is there is nothing to be worried about. It doesn’t cause any physical harm to the body, and there have been no clinical deaths known till date.
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To muse is to ponder or to think, and since the Muses are the source of inspiration for poetry, art, comedy, music, and dance in ancient Greek religion and myth, it might make sense to think of them also as the inspiration for deep thoughts. Except that they aren’t.
The muse that is the noun meaning “a source of inspiration” or, when capitalized, one of the nine Muses, indeed comes from the Greek name for them, which passed through Latin and French to English.
But the muse that is the verb meaning “to become absorbed in thought” comes from a different source: the Middle French word muse, meaning “the mouth of an animal” or “snout.” It’s assumed that the facial expression when one is thinking is what connects this word to absorption and reflection, and that the French verb had come to mean “to gape, to stare, to idle, to muse” because of the face one makes when lost in thought.
Though it may not share etymological roots with the Muses, the verb muse does have a relative in English that connects in a more literal way with their shared past: muzzle.
When we ponder, we think carefully about something. Another synonym is weigh, as in “to weigh a serious decision”—a word that connects with ponder more literally than you may think. Ponder came to English from a French word with the same meaning, ponderer, but its ultimate root is the Latin word pondus, meaning “weight.”
Weigh and weight come from Old English and ponder comes from Latin through French, a familiar situation which has left us an embarrassment of riches when it comes to English synonymy.
Other common words that derive from pondus have to do with things that are hanging, heavy, or a unit of weight itself:
pendant
ponderous
pound
Because we cannot see thoughts, the words we use to describe the process of thinking are usually figurative, like the difference in the uses of active in “running to keep active” and “an active imagination.” We often “turn over” an idea. Thoughts can nevertheless be (figuratively) agitating, which gets us to the root of cogitate. Cogitate means “to think carefully and seriously about something,” and it comes from the Latin cogitare (“to think”), itself formed from the combination of ¬co- meaning “together” and agitare meaning “to drive” or “to agitate”—the root of agitate in English and, in this case, another figurative use of language, since it could also mean “to turn over in the mind” in Latin.
Cogitate became the Latin-based verb synonym for the Old English-derived think, and cogitation the synonym for the noun thought. Here it’s used in the King James Bible:
Hitherto is the end of the matter. As for me Daniel, my cogitations much troubled me, and my countenance changed in me: but I kept the matter in my heart.
Other words derived from cogitare have fallen out of active use in English, but they show that this fancy way of saying “to think” was a rich source of vocabulary. These words were entered in Merriam-Webster’s Unabridged edition of 1934:
cogitable “thinkable”
cogitabund “deep in thought; thoughtful”
cogitent “thinking”
cogitative “given to thought; meditative”
cogitativity “cognitive power or action”
Sometimes we “weigh» thoughts, sometimes we “turn them over,» and other times they give us something to “chew on.» At least that’s what the verb ruminate literally means: it comes from the Latin word ruminari, meaning “to chew the cud,” as in what cows do. Ruminari comes from the Latin word for the cow’s first stomach, rumen, and is also the root of the word for the category of mammals that have 3- or 4-chambered stomachs and two-toed feet, ruminants, which includes cattle, deer, giraffes, goats, and sheep.
Ruminate has been used as a fancy way to say “to think about” since the Renaissance in the 1500s, at a time when academic and philosophical writing was usually done by people with a strong background in Latin.
We distinguish between thoughts and ideas, and, unsurprisingly, there are verbs in English for producing both. The usage of these verbs, however, is extremely imbalanced: think is, of course, a fundamental part of our vocabulary and is very frequently used, but ideate is not.
You might think that ideate is simply some kind of annoying recent business jargon, but in fact its use in English dates back to the 1600s, when it referred to Platonic philosophy, meaning “to form an idea or conception of.” When referring to an abstract or perfect example of something, we also use a word related to idea, Platonic ideal.
Another related word is ideation, meaning “the capacity or the act of forming or entertaining ideas.” This word is used in specific contexts, such as in psychological assessments (“suicidal ideation”) and the creative aspect of technical jobs (“software-based ideation,” “digital strategy, ideation, and innovation.”)
The fact is, ideate means something slightly different from think, since it expresses a clear goal: “to form an idea.” This is a useful distinction in fields like design and information technology:
“There’s a template for where all the numbers should be,” [Martin] Grann explains. You kind of feel it’s a little bit hard to ideate and to be creative when you have such strong guidelines and direction.”—
Shaunecy Ferro, Co.Design, 9 October 2014This is particularly true for the human-centered design process — empathize, define, ideate, prototype, test — as outlined by the Institute of Design at Stanford, also known as «the d.school»— Amanda Enayati, CNN.com, 19 June 2012
Smart is an Old English-derived word; intellectual is a Latin-derived word. Like most synonyms, they overlap rather than duplicate meanings. And like most pairs of words with one each from these particular family groups, the one with roots in Old English is the everyday, household word (“knowledgeable”) while the one with Latin roots is more fancy and hifalutin (“chiefly guided by the intellect rather than emotion”). There is a related and arguably fancier word meaning “thinking”: intellection. Intellection means “the act of the intellect” or “exercise of the intellect,” a synonym of thought and reasoning.
The greater emotional distance of many Latin-derived words in English makes intellection a perfect term for dispassionate analysis, and has been used in theological writing and literary criticism for centuries:
The severall opinions of philosophers concerning the manner how intellection is wrought or produced.— Thomas Jackson, A treatise containing the originall of vnbeliefe, misbeliefe, or misperswasions concerning the veritie, vnitie, and attributes of the Deitie, 1625
But time and again in her first two essay collections, Against Interpretation and Styles of Radical Will, she argued for a more sensuous, less intellectual approach to art. It was an irony lost on no one, except perhaps her, that she made those arguments in paragraphs that were marvels of strenuous intellection.— Richard Lacayo, TIME, 10 January 2005
Outside of these contexts, intellection serves a way of emphasizing thought or thinking in a positive way and contrasting it with the alternative:
Rather, [the fidget spinner] enables and even encourages the setting of one’s own interests above everyone else’s. It induces solipsism, selfishness, and outright rudeness. It does not, as the Rubik’s Cube does, reward higher-level intellection.— Rebecca Mead, The New Yorker, 12 May 2017
The Greek word meaning “to think” or “to perceive” came to English as noesis, meaning “purely intellectual knowledge” or “a process or act of thinking.” The adjective noetic means “of, relating to, or based on the intellect.” Its use in philosophical and psychological writing shows that it is perhaps the most abstract of our “thought” words:
As such, quantum theory has opened the door to a noetic, mind-based universe. Reality, we would infer, is mind-made.— Deepak Chopra, The Huffington Post, 29 October 2012
While-out-of-body experiences have the character of a perceptual illusion (albeit a complex and singular one), near-death experiences have all the hallmarks of mystical experience, as William James defines them passivity, ineffability, transience, and a noetic quality.— Oliver Sacks, Musicophilia, 2007
Noetic is also used in connection with the supernatural: the former astronaut Ed Mitchell founded a center for the study of paranormal phenomena and consciousness called the Institute of Noetic Sciences.
A more down-to-earth use of the word is as a synonym for “thoughtful” sometimes used for humor:
Someone recently asked if people actually understand my columns. I don’t understand them sometimes. I attempt to be noetic, but can often come off as verbose and obtuse, if not borderline lugubrious. Until then, I’m doing my best to be compunctious.— Jim Magdefrau, Des Moines Register, 25 October 2017
Pensive comes from the French verb penser, meaning “to think.” The literal meaning of pensive, therefore, is “thoughtful,” but it came to English with a downcast attitude. Samuel Johnson defined the word this way in 1755:
Sorrowfully thoughtful; sorrowful; mournfully serious; melancholy
Shakespeare used pensive in this sense:
Now, brother of Clarence, how like you our choice,
That you stand pensive, as half malcontent?— Henry VI, Part III, Act IV, Scene IMy leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now.
My lord, we must entreat the time alone.— Romeo and Juliet, Act IV, Scene I
This melancholy mood continues today in our use of the word: though it can have the more neutral meaning of “musingly or dreamily thoughtful,” it also means “suggestive of sad thoughtfulness.”
Cerebration
The Latin word for brain was borrowed into English whole: cerebrum can refer either to the front part of the brain that is believed to be where thoughts occur or more generally as a synonym of brain itself. Scientists study both conscious and unconscious brain activity, and a technical term based on cerebrum for the latter, “unconscious cerebration,” was coined in the mid-19th century to distinguish it from what we might know of as “thinking.”
Cerebration (“mental activity,” “thought”) and the verb that derived from it a few years later, cerebrate (“to use the mind,” “to think”) have the technical, medical, and psychological overtones that come from Latin-derived vocabulary in a research field. Consequently, its use is sometimes distinctly technical:
Such exercise may well increase aerobic capacity, as these investigators have convincingly demonstrated, but does it stimulate cerebration or prevent boredom?— Samuel Vaisrub, JAMA Vol. 243 No. 20, 1980
And also used in a jocular way as a very formal-sounding synonym for “thought”:
Although the coining of a neologism is abundantly appealing, I cannot claim the word «feminal» as a product of my own cerebrations.— William Safire, I Stand Corrected, 1984
Its use can also convey a shade of emotional distance:
Nolan is now one of the greatest and most inventive movie technicians. He also lists the Argentinian writer Jorge Luis Borges near the top of the people who influenced him, which signals his taste for cerebration, and can be seen in some of his earlier movies, like Memento and Insomnia. But the most Borgesian quality in Nolan’s work is his cool detachment from the world he describes. — Jonathan Raban, theStranger.com, 17 June 2017
One impediment to greater usage of cerebration is its similarity to celebration, which can make it easily misunderstood. In fact, much evidence shows clear misspellings: when you read about a “boisterous cerebration,” it should make you stop and think.
The Latin root word that gave us ratio and rational also gave us ratiocination, pronounced /rat-ee-oh-suh-NAY-shun/ or /rash-ee-oh-suh-NAY-shun/. It means “the process of exact thinking” or “a reasoned train of thought.” In Latin, ratio meant “reason” or “computation,” and the mathematical connotation of this word made it appealing for those describing a machinelike thinking process. Edgar Allan Poe used it to describe his story The Murders in the Rue Morgue, considered the first detective story as we now know them, as “a tale of ratiocination.” Unsurprisingly, the most famous character of the new genre was also the possessor of perhaps the most machinelike brain in fiction, Sherlock Holmes. And ratiocination is a favorite word used to describe him:
Holmes’s famous ratiocination is now at the service of a man of action.— David Denby, The New Yorker, 4 January 2010
One of the characters in the Ritchie film remarks that there is a fragility beneath all Holmes’s logic and ratiocination, and it’s true. Mr. Downey’s character is as needy as he is superior.— Charles McGrath, The New York Times, 6 January 2010
Those cases — and Sherlock Holmes’s ratiocinations — are fated to remain forever untold, mentioned in Dr. Watson’s chronicles but never explained beyond these baroque references, with their nearly comic grotesqueries.— Edward Rothstein, The New York Times, 15 February 2014
The adjective ratiocinative is occasionally encountered in similar contexts:
Early in »Sherlock Holmes» — and also again, later on — the famous sleuth demonstrates his ratiocinative powers in a way undreamed of by his creator, Arthur Conan Doyle.— A.O. Scott, The New York Times, 25 December 2009
The verb ratiocinate is also sometimes seen:
But we’re here to see Downey ratiocinate his way in and around the movie, and Ritchie indulges him and us.— Ty Burr, The Boston Globe, 25 December 2009
Ratiocinate is a pretty fancy way of saying “to think,” and usually draws attention to itself as a very technical and logical word. It received an unusual note at its definition in our Unabridged edition of 1934:
To reason discursively or according to a logical process ; —now usually humorous
This is a list of Ancient Greek words with their derivatives in English. Each Ancient Greek word is shown in its citation form and in its root form. The citation form is the one commonly shown in dictionaries. The root form is the one that is often used to form compound words. Both citation form and root form are shown in classical transliteration. They are shown in polytonic orthography, an orthography that shows the breathings and fuller range of accents.
| Contents |
|---|
|
Α[edit]
- (h)a
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ἄβυσσος | ábussos | ἀβυσσ- | abyss- | bottomless | abyss, abyssal |
| ἀγγεῖον | angeîon | ἀγγειο- | angio- | vessel | angiosperm, angiocardiography |
| ἄγγελος | ángelos | ἀγγελ- | angel- | messenger | angel, evangelist |
| ἀγωγός | agōgós | ἀγωγο- | agōgo- | to drive, lead | pedagogue, anagoge, mystagogue |
| ἅγιος | hágios | ἁγιο- | hagio- | holy | hagiography |
| ἄγκυρα | ánkura | ἀγκυρ- | anchor- | anchor | anchoring, anchorage |
| ἀγορά | agorá | ἀγορ- | agor- | marketplace | agoraphobia |
| ἀγρός | agrós | ἀγρο- | agro- | tilled land | agrobiology, agronomics, agriculture, agrology |
| ἀγών | agṓn | ἀγων- | agōn- | struggle | agonize, antagonistic, agony |
| ἀήρ | aḗr | ἀερο- | aero- air- |
air | aerodynamics, anaerobic airplane |
| ἀθλητής | athlētḗs | ἀθλητ- | athlet- | contestant in the games | athlete, athletics |
| αἷμα | haîma | αἱμ- | em- hem- |
blood | anemia, anemic, hemophilia, hemorrhage |
| αἰσθητικός | aisthētikós | αἰσθη- | aisthē- | to perceive | aesthetic, anaesthesia |
| Ἀκαδημία | Akadēmía | Ἀκαδημ- | akadēm- | the school where Plato taught, the field of Academos |
academy, academic |
| ἄκανθος | ákanthos | ἀκανθ- | akanth- | thorn plant | acanthous, acanthocephala |
| ἄκαρι | ákari | ἀκαρ- | akar- | a kind of mite | acarid, acariasis |
| ἀκμή | akmḗ | ἀκ- | ac- | highest point | acme |
| ἀκόλουθος | akólouthos | ἀκολουθ- | akoluth- | follower | anacoluthon |
| ἀκούω | akoúō | ἀκουστικ- | acoustic- | to hear | acoustics, acoustic nerve |
| ἄκρον | ákron | ἀκρο- | acro- | edge, topmost | acronym, acrobat |
| ἀκτίς | aktís | ἀκτινo- | aktino- | ray | actinometer, actinozoa, actinium |
| ἀλέξω | aléxō | ἀλεξ- | alex- | to ward off | Alexander, alexipharmic |
| ἀλληγορέω | allēgoréō | ἀλληγορ- | allēgor- | to interpret allegorically | allegory |
| ἀλλήλων | allḗlōn | ἀλληλο- | allēlo- | of one another | allelomorph, parallel |
| ἄλλος | állos | ἀλλο- | allo- | other, different | allotropy, allocholesterol allergy |
| ἅλς | háls | ἁλ- | hal- | salt | halogen |
| ἄλφα | álpha | ἀλφα- | alpha- | alpha | alphabet |
| ἀλώπηξ | alṓpēx | ἀλωπ- | alop- | fox | alopecia |
| ἀμαύρωσις | amaúrōsis | ἀμαυρω- | amauro- | blacken | amaurosis fugax |
| ἀμβλύς | amblús | ἀμβλυ- | ambly- | dim | amblyopia, amblygonite |
| ἄμβροτος | ámbrotos | ἀμβρο- | ambro- | immortal | ambrosia, ambrotype |
| ἄμβων | ámbōn | ἀμβω- | ambo- | raised edge | ambo |
| ἀμμωνιακός | ammōniakós | ἀμμονια- | ammōnia- | from Ammōn | ammonia, ammoniacal |
| ἀμνησία | amnēsía | ἀμνησ- | amnēs- | oblivion | amnesia, amnesty |
| ἀμνός | amnós | ἀμν- | amn- | lamb | amnion, amniotic |
| ἀμοιβή | amoibḗ | ἀμοιβη- | amoeb- | change | amoeba, amoebic |
| ἄμορφος | ámorphos | ἀμορφ- | amorph- | shapeless | amorphous, amorphism |
| ἄμυλον | ámulon | ἀμυλ- | amyl- | starch | amyl, amyl alcohol |
| ἀμφιβάλλω | amphibállō | ἀμφιβo- | amphibo- | to throw on either side, to doubt | amphibole, amphibology |
| ἀμφί | amphí | ἀμφι- | amphi- | on both sides | amphibious, amphioxus |
| ἀμφίβολος | amphíbolos | ἀμφιβολ- | amphibol- | doubtful | amphibole, amphibolite |
| ἀμφιθέατρον | amphithéatron | ἀμφιθεατ- | amphitheat- | theater | amphitheater, amphitheatric |
| ἀμφικτυονία | amphiktuonía | ἀμφικτυονι- | amphiktyoni- | theater | amphictyony, amphictyonic |
| ἀμφορεύς | amphoreús | Ἀμφορ- | amphor- | bearer | amphora |
| ἀμφότερος | amphóteros | ἀμφοτερ- | amphoter- | each of two | amphoteric |
| ἀνά | aná | ἀνα- | ana- | again, backward, upward | anabolism, anachronism, anaplasia |
| ἀναθεματίζω | anathematízō | ἀναθεμα- | anathema- | ban, curse, or excommunication | anathema, anathematize |
| ἀνάκλισις | anáklisis | ἀνακλει- | anakli- | to lean back | anaclitism, anaclisis |
| ἀναλέγω | analégō | ἀναλε- | anale- | to gather | analects |
| ἀναληπτικός | analēptikós | ἀναληπτ- | analept- | restorative | analemma, analeptic |
| ἀνάλογος | análogos | ἀναλογ- | analog- | proportionate | analog, analogy |
| ἀναλύω | analúō | ἀναλυ- | analy- | to loosen, to simplify | analysis, analytical |
| ἄναρθρος | ánarthros | ἀναρθρ- | anarthr- | not articulated | anarthria, anarthrous |
| ἄναρχος | ánarkhos | ἀναρχ- | anarch- | without a ruler | anarchy, anarchism |
| ἀνατολή | anatolḗ | ἀνατολ- | anatol- | East | Anatolia, Anatolian |
| ἀνατομία | anatomía | ἀνατομι- | anatomi- | dissection | anatomy, anatomical, anatomist |
| ἀνατρέπω | anatrépō | ἀνατρεπ- | anatrep- | to reverse | anatropous |
| ἀναχρονισμός | anakhronismós | ἀναχρονισ- | anachronis- | wrong time reference | anachronistic, anachronism |
| ἄνεμος | ánemos | ἀνεμο- | anemo- | wind | anemometer, anemone |
| ἀνήρ | anḗr | ἀνδρ- | andr- | man (male human) | androgen, android |
| ἄνθος | ánthos | ἀνθο- | antho- | flower | anthology, chrysanthemum |
| ἄνθρωπος | ánthrōpos | ἀνθρωπο- | anthrōpo- | human being | anthropology, anthropomorphism |
| ἄνειμι | áneimi | ἀνι- | ani- | to go up | anion |
| ἄνισος | ánisos | ἀνισο- | aniso- | unequal, dissimilar | anisotropic, anisometric, anisometropia |
| ἄνοδος | ánodos | ἀνοδ- | anod- | way up | anode, anodising |
| ἀντί | antí | ἀντι- | anti- | opposite, counter | antidote, antimatter, antiaircraft |
| ἀντιτίθημι | antitíthēmi | ἀντιθ- | antith- | to oppose | antithesis, antithetical |
| ἀντίφωνος | antíphōnos | ἀντιφων- | antiphon- | sounding in answer | antiphon, anthem |
| ἄντρον | ántron | ἀντρ- | antr- | cave, cavity | antrum |
| ἀντωνυμέω | antōnuméō | ἀντωνυμ- | antonym- | to have an opposite denomination | antonym, antonymous |
| ἀνώμαλος | anṓmalos | ἀνωμαλ- | anōmal- | uneven | anomaly |
| ἀνώνυμος | anṓnumos | ἀνονυμ- | anonym- | nameless | anonymity, anonymous |
| ἄξιος | áxios | ἀξιο- | axio- | worthy | axiology, axiom |
| ἄξων | áxōn | ἀξο- | axo- axi- |
axis | axoneme , axoplasm, axisymmetric |
| ἀόριστος | aóristos | ἀοριστ- | aorist- | indefinite | aoristic, aorist |
| ἀορτή | aortḗ | ἀορτ- | aort- | the great artery | aortic, aorta |
| ἀπάτη | apátē | ἀπατ- | apat- | deceit | apatite, apatosaurus |
| ἁπλόος | haplóos | ἁπλο- | haplo- | single | haploid, haplodiploid |
| ἀπό | apó | ἀπο- | apo- | away from | apology, apostrophe, apocrypha |
| ἀπόγειον | apógeion | ἀπογει- | apogei- | far from the earth | apogee, apogean |
| ἀποκαλύπτω | apokalúptō | ἀποκαλυπ- | apocalyp- | to reveal | apocalypse |
| ἀποκόπτω | apokóptō | ἀποκoπ- | apokop- | to cut | apocopation, apocopate |
| ἀπολογία | apología | ἀπολογ- | apolog- | apology | apology, apologize, apologue |
| ἀπόμιξις | apómixis | ἀπομιξ- | apomix- | without mixing | apomixis, apomictic |
| ἀποπλήσσω | apoplḗssō | ἀποπλη- | apople- | to cripple by a stroke | apoplexy, apoplectic |
| ἀποστάτης | apostátēs | ἀποστατ- | apostat- | defector | apostate, apostasy |
| ἀποστέλλω | apostéllō | ἀποστ- | apost- | to send | apostle, apostolic |
| ἀράχνη | arákhnē | ἀραχνη | arakhnē- | spider | arachnid |
| ἄργιλλος | árgillos | ἀργιλ- | argil- | clay | argil, argillite, argillaceous |
| Ἄρης | Árēs | ἀρεο- | areo- | Mars | areocentric, areology |
| ἀριθμός | arithmós | ἀριθμ- | arithm- | number | arithmetic, logarithm |
| ἄριστος | áristos | ἀριστο- | arist- | best | aristocracy |
| ἁρμονία | harmonía | ἁρμονι- | armoni- | agreement, harmony | harmony, enharmonic |
| ἀρρυθμία | arrhuthmía | ἁρρυθμ- | arrythm- | lack of rhythm | arrhythmia, arrhythmic |
| ἀρχαῖος | arkhaîos | ἀρχαιο- | arkhaio- | ancient | archaeology, archetype |
| ἀρχή | arkhḗ | ἀρχη- | archi- | chief, authority | archbishop, anarchy |
| ἀρχιτέκτων | arkhitéktōn | ἀρχιτεκτ- | architect- | chief builder | architecture, architect |
| ἄρωμα | árōma | ἀρωμα- | aroma- | spice | aroma, aromatic compounds |
| ἀσθένεια | asthéneia | ἀσθεν- | asthen- | weakness | asthenia, asthenopia |
| ἀσφάραγος | aspháragos | ἀσπαραγ- | asparag- | asparagus | asparagine, asparagus |
| ἀσπίς | aspís | ἀσπ- | asp- | shield | asp |
| ἆσθμα | âsthma | ἀσθμα- | asthma- | asthma | asthmatic |
| ἄσυλον | ásulon | ἀσυλ- | asyl- | sanctuary | asylum |
| ἀσφυξία | asphuxía | ἀσφυξ- | asphyx- | stopping of the pulse | asphyxiant |
| ἀστήρ | astḗr | ἀστερ- | aster- | star | asteroid, asterisk, disaster |
| ἄστρον | ástron | ἀστρο- | astro- | constellation | astronomy, astronaut |
| Ἄτλας | Átlas | ἀτλα- | atla- | name of a Titan | atlas, Atlantic |
| ἄτομος | átomos | ἀτομ- | atom- | un + cut | atomic, atomizer |
| αὐθεντικός | authentikós | αὐθεντικ- | authentic- | original | authentication, authentic |
| αὐστηρός | austērós | αὐστηρ- | auster- | harsh, bitter | austerity |
| αὐταρχία | autarkhía | αὐταρχ- | autarch- | absolute governing | autarchy, autarchic |
| αὐτάρκεια | autárkeia | αὐταρκ- | autark- | self-sufficiency | autarky |
| αὐξάνω | auxánō | αὐξ- | aux- | to increase | auxin, auxesis, |
| αὐτός | autós | αὐτο- | auto- | self (reflexive pronoun) | autonomy, automatic |
| ἀφαιρέω | aphairéō | ἀφαιρ- | apher- | take away | apheresis, hemaphairesis |
| ἁψίς | hapsís | ἁψ- | aps- | arch | apse, apsidal |
Β[edit]
b
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| βάρβαρος | bárbaros | βαρβαρο- | barbaro- | stranger, non-Greek | barbarian |
| βαρύς | barús | βαρυ- | bary- | heavy | baritone, baryon, hyperbaric |
| βίος | bíos | βιο- | bio- | life | biology, amphibian, symbiosis |
| βραχύς | brakhús | βραχυ- | brachy- | short | brachycephalic |
Γ[edit]
g
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| γαῖα | gaîa | γεα- | gea- | earth | geology, Gaia, geometry |
| γάμος | gámos | γαμ- | gam- | marriage | polygamy, gamete |
| γέννησις | génnēsis | γεν- | gen- | to give birth, beget | genesis, genetic |
| γιγνώσκω | gignṓskō | γνω- | gnō- gnē- |
to know | diagnostic, agnostic |
| γίγας | gígas | γιγ- | giga- | huge, enormous | gigabyte, gigantic, giant |
| γράφω | gráphō | γραφ- | graph- | to write | graphic, graphite, -graphy |
| γυνή | gunḗ | γυναικ- | gunaik- | woman | polygyny, gynecology, misogynist |
Δ[edit]
d
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| δῆμος | dêmos | δημο- | dēmo- | district, its inhabitants, commoners | democracy, demographic |
| δόξα | dóxa | δοξ- | dox- | glory, opinion | doxology, orthodox, paradox |
| δρᾶσις | drâsis | δρασ- | dras- | action | drastic, anadrastic, drama |
Ε[edit]
(h)e
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ἐθνικός | ethnikós | εθνικ- | ethnic | people, tribe | ethnicity, ethnic |
| εἰκών | eikṓn | εἰκων | icon | icon, picture, painting | icon, iconicity, iconoclast |
| ἕλιξ | hélix | ἑλικ- | helic- | spiral | helix, helicopter, helicity |
| ἑπτά | heptá | ἑπτα- | hepta- | seven | heptarchy, heptagon, heptameter |
| ἔργον | érgon | ἐργο- | erg- | work | energetic, energize, energy, ergonomic, ergonomics, George, synergy, synergism, synergistic |
| εὖ | eû | ευ- | eu- | well | eudemonia, eulogy, euphemism, euphoria |
Ζ[edit]
z
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ζῷον | zôion | ζωο- | zōo- | animal | zoology |
| ζεύγνυμι | zeúgnumi | ζευγμ- | zeugma | to yoke | zeugma |
Η[edit]
(h)ē
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ἡγεμών | hēgemṓn | ἡγεμον- | hēgemon- | leader | hegemony |
| ἥλιος | hḗlios | ἡλιο- | hēlio- | sun / sun-god | helium, heliotropic, heliocentric, perihelion |
| ἠώς | ēṓs | ἠο- | ēo- | dawn | Eocene |
Θ[edit]
th
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| θεός | theós | θεο- -θεος |
theο- -theous -theist, -theism |
god | words with theo- words with -theist • theology, atheism |
| θερμός | thermós | θερμο- -θερμος -θερμια |
thermo- -thermic, -therm -thermy, -thermia |
hot | words with thermo- words with -thermic, -therm, -thermy, -thermia • thermometer, thermoelectric, thermos • isotherm, hypothermia |
| θησαυρός | thēsaurós | θησ- | treasure | note: from τίθημι (títhēmi, “I put”) • thesaurus |
Ι[edit]
(h)i
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ἰατρός | iatrós | ἰατρο- | iatro- | physician | iatrogenic, psychiatrist, pediatrics |
| ἴδιος | ídios | ἰδι- | idi- | one’s own, private | idiolect, idiom, idiosyncracy |
| ἱερός | hierós | ἱερο- | hiero- | sacred | hierarchy, hieroglyph |
| ἵππος | híppos | ἱππο- | hippo- | horse | hippodrome, hippopotamus |
| ἰχθύς | ikhthús | ἰχθυ- | ikhthu- | fish | ichthyology, ichthys |
Κ[edit]
k, c
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| καινός | kainós | καινο- | ceno- | new | Cenozoic, Holocene |
| κακός | kakós | κακο- | kako- | bad | cacophony |
| κλέπτω | kléptō | κλεπτ- | klept- | to steal | kleptocracy, kleptomaniac |
| κλών | klṓn | κλων- | klōn- | branch, twig | clone, cloning |
| κοινός | koinós | κοινο- | coeno-, cen- | common | coenoblast |
| κόσμος | kósmos | κοσμ- | kosm- | order, the universe, jewell | cosmography, cosmetic, microcosm |
| κράτος | krátos | κρατ- | krat- | power, rule | autocrat, democracy, bureaucracy |
| κρίνω | krínō | κρι- | cri- | to separate; to order; to judge; etc. | crisis, criterion, critic, critical, criticism, criticize, critique |
| κυβερνάω | kubernáō | ? | ? | to steer, drive, govern | cybernetics, govern, governance, governess, government, governor, gubernatorial |
| κύβος | kúbos | cub- | cube, die | cube, cubic, cubical, cubism, cubist, cuboid | |
| κύκλος | kúklos | κυκλο- | cyclo- | circle, ring | English words with cyclo-, with -cycle acyclic, anticyclone, bicycle, bicyclic, bike, cycle, cyclic, (many derivatives), cycloid, cycloidal, cyclone, encyclic, encyclical, encyclopedia, encyclopedic, encyclopedist, epicycle, epicyclic, epicycloid, hypocycloid, monocyclic, motorcycle, polycyclic, recyclable, recyclability, recycle, tricyclic, unicycle |
Λ[edit]
l
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| λαμβάνω | lambánō | ? | ? | to take | acatalepsy, acataleptic, astrolabe, catalepsy, cataleptic, dilemma, epilepsy, epileptic, lemma, lemmatization, lemmatize, monosyllable, nympholepsy, nympholept, polysyllable, sublemma, syllabary, syllabic, syllabification, syllabify, syllable, tetralemma, trilemma |
| λίθος | líthos | λιθο- | litho- | stone | lithography, neolithic, monolith, megalith |
| λόγος | lógos | λογο- | logo- | thought, word | eulogytheology, logic, logorrhea |
Μ[edit]
m
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| μακρός | makrós | μακρο- | makro- | long | macron, macrobiotic |
| μέγας | mégas | μεγ- | mega- | big, large | mega- (prefix), as in megabyte |
| μέλας | mélas | μελαν- | melan- | pigmented, black, ink | melanin, melanoma, Melanesia |
| μέλος | mélos | μελο- | melo- | music, song, melody | melody, melodrama |
| μέταλλον | métallon | μεταλλ- | metal- | metal | medal, metallic, metalloid |
| μέτρον | métron | ? | ? | measure | asymmetry, asymmetrical, diameter, diametral, diametric, diametrical, geometer, geometrical, geometry, isometric, meter, -meter (many items), metric, metrical, metrology, metronome, -metry (many items), parameter, parametric, parametrical, perimeter, semidiameter, symmetry, symmetrical |
| μικρός | mikrós | μικρο- | mikro- | small | microphone, microscope |
| μνῆστις | mnêstis | μνη- | mne- | memory | amnesia, amnesty, mnemonic |
| μόνος | mónos | μονο- | mono- | alone, solitary, forsaken | monotony, monolog, monk |
| Μοῦσα | Moûsa | μουσ- | mous- | a patron goddess of the arts | muse, music, museum |
| μωρός | mōrós | μωρο- | mōro- | dull, foolish, stupid, slow | moron, oxymoron |
Ν[edit]
n
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ναυτικός | nautikós | ναυτ- | naut- | sailor, ship | nautical, astronaut |
| νέος | néos | νεο- | neo- | new, young | neon, neologism |
Ξ[edit]
x
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ξανθός | xanthós | ξανθο- | xantho- | yellow, golden | xanthophyll, xanthochroi |
| ξένος | xénos | ξενο- | xeno- | strange, stranger, guest | xenophobia, xenon |
| ξερός | xerós | ξερο- | xero- | dry | xerox, xerography |
| ξίφος | xíphos | ξιφ- | xiph- | sword | xiphoid, xiphias |
| ξύλον | xúlon | ξυλ- | xul- | wood | xylophone, xylem |
Ο[edit]
(h)o
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| οἶνος | oînos | οἰνο- | oeno- | wine | oenophile, oenomel |
| ὁδός | hodós | ὁδο- | hodo- | road | hodometer, odometer |
| ὀλίγος | olígos | ὀλιγο- | oligo- | few, little | oligarchy, oligopoly |
| ὁμός | homós | ὁμο- | homo- | same | homogenized, homonym, homosexual |
| ὅμοιος | hómoios | ὁμοιο- | homoio- | similar | homeopathy |
| ὀξύς | oxús | ὀξυ- | oxu- | sharp, pointed, acid, keen | oxygen, oxymoron, oxycephaly |
| ὄργανον | órganon | ὀργαν- | organ- | an instrument, tool, implement | organ, organelle, organic, organist, organism, organization, organize, organon |
| ὀρθός | orthós | ὀρθο- | ortho- | straight, correct, right | orthography, orthogonal, orthopedic, orthodox |
Π[edit]
p
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| πάθος | páthos | παθ- | path- | suffering, disease | pathology, pathos, telepathy, apathy, sympathy |
| παιδεία | paideía | παιδεια- | paideia- | education, culture | encyclopaedia |
| παῖς | paîs | παιδ- | paid- | boy, child | paediatrician, pedophilia |
| παλαιός | palaiós | παλεο- | paleo- | old | paleontology |
| πᾶς | pâs | παν-, παντο- | pan-, panto- | all, complete | pantheism, pantomime |
| πατήρ | patḗr | πατρ- | patr- | father | patriarch |
| περί | perí | περι- | peri | around | perimeter, periscope |
| πόλος | pólos | πολ- | pol- | axis, sky | North Pole, polar, polarize |
| πολύς | polús | πολυ- | polu- | many, much | polygon, Polynesia, polyp, polytonic |
| πρόγραμμα | prógramma | προγραμμ- | programm- | program, schedule | programmer, multiprogramming |
| πυρρός | purrhós | πυρ | pir- | fire | pyrotechnics,pyromaniac, pyrokinesis |
Ρ[edit]
r(h)
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ῥεῦμα | rheûma | ῥευμ- | rheum- | a flowing, rheum | rheumatism, rheum |
| ῥίς | rhís | ῥιν- | rhin- | nose | rhinoceros, rhinoplasty |
Σ[edit]
s
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| σαῦρος | saûros | σαυρο- | sauro- | lizard | dinosaur |
| σκοπός | skopós | σκοπ- | skop- | observer | scope, bishop, telescope |
| σοφία | sophía | σοφια- | sophia- | knowledge, wisdom | philosophy, sophistry |
Τ[edit]
t
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| τῆλε | têle | τηλε- | tēle- | distant | words with tele- • telephone, telepathy, … |
| τόξον | tóxon | τοξο-, τοξιν- | toxo-, toxi- | archer’s bow; poison | words with toxo-, toxi-, toxico- • toxophily, toxin, … |
| τόνος | tónos | τονο- | tono- | tone | words with tono-, -tone, -tonic, -tonous • tone, monotonous, tonality, … |
| τόπος | tópos | τοπο- | topo- | place | words with topo-, -topic, -tope, -topia, -topy • topography, topic, utopia, … |
Υ[edit]
(h)u, (h)y
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ὕδωρ | húdōr | ὑδρο- | hudro- | water | hydrodynamics, hydrolysis |
| ὕπνος | húpnos | ὑπνο- | hupno- | sleep | hypnotism |
Φ[edit]
ph
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| φιλία | philía | friendship | philia | ||
| φίλος | phílos | φιλο- | philo- | friend | Philadelphia, philosophy |
| φόβος | phóbos | φοβο- | phobo- | irrational fear fear |
phobia, Phobos, |
| φυτόν | phutón | φυτο- | phuto- | plant | neophyte |
| φωνή | phōnḗ | φωνη- | phōnē- | voice | microphone, phone, phoneme, phonemic, phonetic, phonetics, phonograph, telephone |
Χ[edit]
kh, ch
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| χαίτη | khaítē | χαιτη- | khaitē- | loose, flowing hair | polychaete |
| χαλκός | khalkós | χαλκ- | chalco-, chalko- | copper | words with chalco- or chalko- • chalcography |
| χέζω | khézō | -χεζια | -chezia | defecate | words with -chezia • dyschezia |
| χεῖλος | kheîlos | χειλ-ο- | cheilo- | lip | words with cheilo- • cheiloschisis |
| χείρ | kheír | χειρ-ο- | cheiro-, chiro- | hand | words with cheiro- or chiro-. • cheirology/chirology, cheiromancy/chiromancy |
| χείρ, πτερόν | kheír, pterón | χειρ-ο-πτερ-ο- | chiroptero- | hand wing | words with chiroptero- • Chiroptera (bats) |
| χημεία | khēmeía | χυμεια. χημει-ο- | chemo-, chemi- | chemistry | words with chemo-, chemi- • chemotherapy, chemiflux |
| χημικός | khēmikós | χημικο- | chemico- | chemical | words with chemico- • chemicophysical |
| χίλιοι | khílioi | (neuter.plural: χιλια). χιλιο- | chilia- | thousand | words with chilia- • chiliad, chiliasm |
| χίμαιρα | khímaira | χιμαιρ-ο- | chimero- | she-goat, mythological animal | words with chimero- • chimeric |
| χιών | khiṓn | χιον-ο- | chion- | snow | words with chion- • chionablepsia |
| χλαμύς | khlamús | χλαμυδ-ο- | chlamydo- | cloak, robe | words with chlamydo- • chlamydospore |
| χλωρός | khlōrós | χλωρ-ο- | chloro-, chlor- | pale green, fresh | words with chloro-, chlor- • chloroid, chlorophyll, chlorocarbon, chlorine, chloric |
| χοάνη | khoánē | χοαν-ο- | choano- | funnel | words with choano- • choanocyte |
| χολή | kholḗ | χολ-ο | chole-, cholo- | bile | words with chole-, cholo- • cholelithiasis, cholothorax Compounds with cholestero-, cholecysto-, choldedocho-/choldedoch-, cholangio- |
| χορεία | khoreía | χορεο- | choreo- | dance | words with choreo- • choreography |
| χόριον | khórion | χοριο- | chorio- | membrane surrounding the foetus | words with chorio- • choroid, chorioretinitis |
| χριστός | khristós | χριστο-, χριστιανο- | Christo-, Christiano- | the anointed one | words with Christo-, Christiano- • Christocentrism Christocentric/Christianocentric |
| χρόνος | khrónos | χρονο-, ‑χρονος | chrono-, -chronous | time | words with chrono- • chronology, chronometer, chronic words with -chronous, with -chronic, -chronism, -chrony • anachronism, synchronize, synchrony |
| χρυσός | khrusós | χρυσ-ο | chryso- | gold | words with chryso- • chrysophile |
| χρῶμα | khrôma | χρωμο-, χρωματο- | chroma-, chromo-, chromato- | colour | words with chroma-, chromo-, chromat-/chromato- • chromagen, chromolithography, chromatism, chromatopsia, hemochromatosis words with -chrome, -chromia/-chromy • polychrome, homochromia/homochromy, |
| χυλός | khulós | χυλ-ο- | chylo- | gruel | words with chylo- • chyle |
| χώρα | khṓra | χωρ-ο | choro- | place | words with choro- • choronym |
| χωρέω | khōréō | -χωρ-ος | -chore | move, spread; occupy space | words with -chore • anemochore, hydrochore |
| χωρέω | khōréō | -χωρ-ικος | -choric, -chorous | words with -choric, -chorous • chiropterochoric | |
| χωρέω | khōréō | -χωρ-ια | -chory | words with -chory • anemochory, hydrochory | |
| χῶρος | khôros | -χωρ-ον | -choron | room | words with -choron • polychoron |
Ψ[edit]
ps
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ψάλλω | psállō | ψαλ- | psal- | chant | • psalm, psaltery |
| ψάμμος | psámmos | ψαμμ-, ψαμμο- | psammo- | sand | words with psammo- • psammology |
| ψευδής | pseudḗs | ψευδο-, ψευδ- | pseudo-, pseud- | false, lying | words with pseudo-, pseud- • pseudonym, pseudograph, pseudo-science, pseudepigraphy, pseudocide |
| ψῆφος | psêphos | ψηφ- | pseph- | pebble (cast for voting) | words with pseph- • psephocracy |
| ψιλός | psilós | ψιλο-, ψιλ- | psil- | mere, bare, smooth | words with psil- • psilosis, psilanthropism, psilocybin |
| ψυχή | psukhḗ | ψυχο-, ψυχ- | psych- | spirit, mind, soul | words with psycho-, psych- • psyche, psychology, psychotic, psychedelic |
| ψυχρός | psukhrós | ψυχρο- | psychro- | frozen | words with psychro- • psychroplanet, psychrotherapy |
Ω[edit]
(h)ō
| Citation form | Root form | Meaning | English derivative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ᾠόν | ōión | ὠο- | ōo- | egg | words with oo- • oocyte, oology |
| ὥρα | hṓra | ὡρα- | hōra- | season, hour | words with horo- • horoscope |
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- English-French-modern Greek vocabulary : words of Greek origin
- The Perseus Project — has many useful pages for the study of classical languages and literatures, including dictionaries.