Год создания microsoft word

The first version of Microsoft Word was developed by Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, former Xerox programmers hired by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1981. Both programmers worked on Xerox Bravo, the first WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) word processor. The first Word version, Word 1.0, was released in October 1983 for Xenix and MS-DOS; it was followed by four very similar versions that were not very successful. The first Windows version was released in 1989, with a slightly improved interface. When Windows 3.0 was released in 1990, Word became a huge commercial success. Word for Windows 1.0 was followed by Word 2.0 in 1991 and Word 6.0 in 1993. Then it was renamed to Word 95 and Word 97, Word 2000 and Word for Office XP (to follow Windows commercial names). With the release of Word 2003, the numbering was again year-based. Since then, Windows versions include Word 2007, Word 2010, Word 2013, Word 2016, and most recently, Word for Office 365.

In 1986, an agreement between Atari and Microsoft brought Word to the Atari ST.^[2] The Atari ST version was a translation of Word 1.05 for the Apple Macintosh; however, it was released under the name Microsoft Write (the name of the word processor included with Windows during the 80s and early 90s).^[3][4] Unlike other versions of Word, the Atari version was a one time release with no future updates or revisions. The release of Microsoft Write was one of two major PC applications that were released for the Atari ST (the other application being WordPerfect). Microsoft Write was released for the Atari ST in 1988.

In 2014 the source code for Word for Windows in the version 1.1a was made available to the Computer History Museum and the public for educational purposes.^[5][6]

Word for DOS[edit]

The first Microsoft Word was released in 1983. It featured graphics video mode and mouse support in a WYSIWYG interface. It could run in text mode or graphics mode but the visual difference between the two was minor. In graphics mode, the document and interface were rendered in a fixed font size monospace character grid with italic, bold and underline features that was not available in text mode. It had support for style sheets in separate files (.STY).

The first version of Word was a 16-bit PC DOS/MS-DOS application. A Macintosh 68000 version named Word 1.0 was released in 1985 and a Microsoft Windows version was released in 1989. The three products shared the same Microsoft Word name, the same version numbers but were very different products built on different code bases. Three product lines co-existed: Word 1.0 to Word 5.1a^[7] for Macintosh, Word 1.0 to Word 2.0 for Windows and Word 1.0 to Word 5.5 for DOS.

Word 1.1 for DOS was released in 1984 and added the Print Merge support, equivalent to the Mail Merge feature in newer Word systems.

Word 2.0 for DOS was released in 1985 and featured Extended Graphics Adapter (EGA) support.

Word 3.0 for DOS was released in 1986.

Word 4.0 for DOS was released in 1987 and added support for revision marks (equivalent to the Track Changes feature in more recent Word versions), search/replace by style and macros stored as key stroke sequences.^[8]

Word 5.0 for DOS, released in 1989, added support for bookmarks, cross-references and conditions and loops in macros, remaining backwards compatible with Word 3.0 macros. The macro language differed from the WinWord 1.0 WordBasic macro language.

Word 5.5 for DOS, released in 1990, significantly changed the user interface, with popup menus and dialog boxes. Even in graphics mode, these Graphical User Interface (GUI) elements got the monospace ASCII art look and feel found in text mode programs like Microsoft QuickBasic.

Word 6.0 for DOS, the last Word for DOS version, was released in 1993, at the same time as Word 6.0 for Windows (16-bit) and Word 6.0 for Macintosh. Although Macintosh and Windows versions shared the same code base, the Word for DOS was different. The Word 6.0 for DOS macro language was compatible with the Word 3.x-5.x macro language while Word 6.0 for Windows and Word 6.0 for Macintosh inherited WordBasic from the Word 1.0/2.0 for Windows code base. The DOS and Windows versions of Word 6.0 had different file formats.

Word for Windows 1989 to 1995[edit]

The first version of Word for Windows was released in November 1989 at a price of USD $498, but was not very popular as Windows users still comprised a minority of the market.^[9] The next year, Windows 3.0 debuted, followed shortly afterwards by WinWord 1.1 which was updated for the new OS. The failure of WordPerfect to produce a Windows version proved a fatal mistake. The following year, in 1991, WinWord 2.0 was released which had further improvements and finally solidified Word’s marketplace dominance. WinWord 6.0 came out in 1993 and was designed for the newly released Windows 3.1.^[10]

The early versions of Word also included copy protection mechanisms that tried to detect debuggers, and if one was found, it produced the message «The tree of evil bears bitter fruit. Only the Shadow knows. Now trashing program disk.» and performed a zero seek on the floppy disk (but did not delete its contents).^[11][12][13]

After MacWrite, Word for Macintosh never had any serious rivals, although programs such as Nisus Writer provided features such as non-continuous selection, which were not added until Word 2002 in Office XP.
Word 5.1 for the Macintosh, released in 1992, was a very popular word processor, owing to its elegance, relative ease of use and feature set. However, version 6.0 for the Macintosh, released in 1994, was widely derided, unlike the Windows version. It was the first version of Word based on a common code base between the Windows and Mac versions; many accused the Mac version of being slow, clumsy and memory intensive.

With the release of Word 6.0 in 1993 Microsoft again attempted to synchronize the version numbers and coordinate product naming across platforms; this time across the three versions for DOS, Macintosh, and Windows (where the previous version was Word for Windows 2.0). There may have also been thought given to matching the current version 6.0 of WordPerfect for DOS and Windows, Word’s major competitor. However, this wound up being the last version of Word for DOS. In addition, subsequent versions of Word were no longer referred to by version number, and were instead named after the year of their release (e.g. Word 95 for Windows, synchronizing its name with Windows 95, and Word 98 for Macintosh), once again breaking the synchronization.

When Microsoft became aware of the Year 2000 problem, it released the entire DOS port of Microsoft Word 5.5 instead of getting people to pay for the update. As of August 2022, it is still available for download from Microsoft’s web site.^[14]

Word 6.0 was the second attempt to develop a common code base version of Word. The first, code-named Pyramid, had been an attempt to completely rewrite the existing product. It was abandoned when Chris Peters replaced Jeff Raikes at the lead developer of the Word project^[15] and determined it would take the development team too long to rewrite and then catch up with all the new capabilities that could have been added in the same time without a rewrite. Therefore, Word 6.0 for Windows and Macintosh were both derived from Word 2.0 for Windows code base. The Word 3.0 to 5.0 for Windows version numbers were skipped (outside of DBCS locales) in order to keep the version numbers consistent between Macintosh and Windows versions. Supporters of Pyramid claimed that it would have been faster, smaller, and more stable than the product that was eventually released for Macintosh, and which was compiled using a beta version of Visual C++ 2.0 that targets the Macintosh, so many optimizations have to be turned off (the version 4.2.1 of Office is compiled using the final version), and sometimes use the Windows API simulation library included.^[16] Pyramid would have been truly cross-platform, with machine-independent application code and a small mediation layer between the application and the operating system.

More recent versions of Word for Macintosh are no longer ported versions of Word for Windows.

Later versions of Word have more capabilities than merely word processing. The drawing tool allows simple desktop publishing operations, such as adding graphics to documents.

Microsoft Office[edit]

Word 95[edit]

Word 95 was released as part of Office 95 and was numbered 7.0, consistently with all Office components. It ran exclusively on the Win32 platform, but otherwise had few new features. The file format did not change.

Word 97[edit]

Word 97 had the same general operating performance as later versions such as Word 2000. This was the first copy of Word featuring the Office Assistant, «Clippit», which was an animated helper used in all Office programs. This was a takeover from the earlier launched concept in Microsoft Bob. Word 97 introduced the macro programming language Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) which remains in use in Word 2016.

Word 98[edit]

Word 98 for the Macintosh gained many features of Word 97, and was bundled with the Macintosh Office 98 package. Document compatibility reached parity with Office 97 and Word on the Mac became a viable business alternative to its Windows counterpart. Unfortunately, Word on the Mac in this and later releases also became vulnerable to future macro viruses that could compromise Word (and Excel) documents, leading to the only situation where viruses could be cross-platform. A Windows version of this was only bundled with the Japanese/Korean Microsoft Office 97 Powered By Word 98 and could not be purchased separately. It was then released in the same period as well.

Word 2000[edit]

Word 2001/Word X[edit]

Word 2001 was bundled with the Macintosh Office for that platform, acquiring most, if not all, of the feature set of Word 2000. Released in October 2000, Word 2001 was also sold as an individual product. The Macintosh version, Word X, released in 2001, was the first version to run natively on (and required) Mac OS X.

Word 2002/XP[edit]

Word 2002 was bundled with Office XP and was released in 2001. It had many of the same features as Word 2000, but had a major new feature called the ‘Task Panes’, which gave quicker information and control to a lot of features that were before only available in modal dialog boxes. One of the key advertising strategies for the software was the removal of the Office Assistant in favor of a new help system, although it was simply disabled by default.

Word 2003[edit]

Microsoft Office 2003 is an office suite developed and distributed by Microsoft for its Windows operating system. Office 2003 was released to manufacturing on August 19, 2003, and was later released to retail on October 21, 2003. It was the successor to Office XP and the predecessor to Office 2007.

Word 2004[edit]

A new Macintosh version of Office was released in May 2004. Substantial cleanup of the various applications (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) and feature parity with Office 2003 (for Microsoft Windows) created a very usable release. Microsoft released patches through the years to eliminate most known macro vulnerabilities from this version. While Apple released Pages and the open source community created NeoOffice, Word remains the most widely used word processor on the Macintosh. Office 2004 for Mac is a version of Microsoft Office developed for Mac OS X. It is equivalent to Office 2003 for Windows. The software was originally written for PowerPC Macs, so Macs with Intel CPUs must run the program under Mac OS X’s Rosetta emulation layer.
Also: Stable release: v11.6.6 / December 13, 2011; 7 years ago

Word 2007[edit]

The release includes numerous changes, including a new XML-based file format, a redesigned interface, an integrated equation editor and bibliographic management. Additionally, an XML data bag was introduced, accessible via the object model and file format, called Custom XML – this can be used in conjunction with a new feature called Content Controls to implement structured documents. It also has contextual tabs, which are functionality specific only to the object with focus, and many other features like Live Preview (which enables you to view the document without making any permanent changes), Mini Toolbar, Super-tooltips, Quick Access toolbar, SmartArt, etc.

Word 2007 uses a new file format called docx. Word 2000–2003 users on Windows systems can install a free add-on called the «Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack» to be able to open, edit, and save the new Word 2007 files.^[17] Alternatively, Word 2007 can save to the old doc format of Word 97–2003.^[18][19]

Word 2008[edit]

Word 2008 was released on January 15, 2008. It includes some new features from Word 2007, such as a ribbon-like feature that can be used to select page layouts and insert custom diagrams and images. Word 2008 also features native support for the new Office Open XML format, although the old doc format can be set as a default.^[20]
Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac is a version of the Microsoft Office productivity suite for Mac OS X. It supersedes Office 2004 for Mac and is the Mac OS X equivalent of Office 2007. Office 2008 was developed by Microsoft’s Macintosh Business Unit and released on January 15, 2008.

Word 2010[edit]

Microsoft Office 2010 is a version of the Microsoft Office productivity suite for Microsoft Windows. Office 2010 was released to manufacturing on April 15, 2010, and was later made available for retail and online purchase on June 15, 2010. It is the successor to Office 2007 and the predecessor to Office 2013.

Word 2011[edit]

Word 2013[edit]

The release of Word 2013 has brought Word a cleaner look and this version focuses further on Cloud Computing with documents being saved automatically to OneDrive (previously Skydrive). If enabled, documents and settings roam with the user. Other notable features are a new read mode which allows for horizontal scrolling of pages in columns, a bookmark to find where the user left off reading their document and opening PDF documents in Word just like Word content. The version released for the Windows 8 operating system is modified for use with a touchscreen and on tablets. It is the first version of Word to not run on Windows XP or Windows Vista.^[21]

Word 2016[edit]

On July 9, 2015, Microsoft Word 2016 was released. Features include the tell me, share and faster shape formatting options. Other useful features include realtime collaboration, which allows users to store documents on Share Point or OneDrive, as well as an improved version history and a smart lookup tool. As usual, several editions of the program were released, including one for home and one for business.

Word 2019[edit]

Word 2019 added support for Scalable Vector Graphics, Microsoft Translator, and LaTeX, as well as expanded drawing functionality.^[22]

Word included with Office 365[edit]

Microsoft Office 365 is a free/paid subscription plan for the classic Office applications.

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Tsang, Cheryl. Microsoft: First Generation. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-33206-2.
• Liebowitz, Stan J. & Margolis, Stephen E. WINNERS, LOSERS & MICROSOFT: Competition and Antitrust in High Technology Oakland: Independent Institute. ISBN 0-945999-80-1.

External links[edit]

• Microsoft Word home page
• The Word Object Model
• Ms Word Files Generation using .net framework
• Microsoft office templates
• Microsoft Word 1.0 for Macintosh screenshots
• [2]

Немного об истории Microsoft Word – одном из лучших текстовых процессоров.

Кто создатель знаменитого текстового процессора?

Ответ на этот вопрос мало кто знает: первая версия Microsoft Word была написана Ричардом Броди (Richard Brodie) для IBM PC, использующих DOS, в 1983 году. Сегодня Ричард является известным и популярным человеком, пишет интересные книги и профессионально играет в покер. Основателю ТехРайтКонсалт в свое время удалось пообщаться с ним лично, работая над этой статьей.

Первый выпуск

Microsoft Word многим обязан Bravo – текстовому процессору с оригинальным графическим интерфейсом, разработанному в исследовательском центре «Xerox PARC». Создатель Bravo Чарльз Симони (Charles Simonyi) покинул PARC в 1981 году. Тем же летом Симони переманил Броди, с которым вместе работал над Bravo. Первый выпуск для MS-DOS состоялся в конце 1983 года. Он был плохо принят рынком, продажи снижало наличие конкурирующего продукта – WordPerfect.

Однако версия для «макинтоша», выпущенная в 1985 году, получила широкое распространение. Через два года «Word 3.01 для Macintosh» усилил позиции (версия 3.0 изобиловала ошибками и быстро была заменена). Как и прочее программное обеспечение для «макинтоша», выпущенная версия была полностью WYSIWYG-редактором (принцип «What You See Is What You Get» – «получаю то, что вижу»).

Первый выпуск для Windows

Первая версия для Windows, выпущенная в 1989 году, продавалась по цене 500 долларов США. Она демонстрировала выбранный компанией «Майкрософт» путь развития: как и сама Windows, она многое взяла от Macintosh и использовала стандартные клавиатурные сокращения (например, CTRL-S для сохранения файла).

После выпуска в следующем году Windows 3.0 продажи поползли вверх (Word 1.0 гораздо лучше работал с Windows 3.0, чем с более старыми версиями Windows x386 и Windows x286), главный конкурент – WordPerfect – не смог выпустить рабочую версию под Windows, что оказалось для него смертельной ошибкой, а версия 2.0 утвердила наш текстовый процессор на позиции лидера рынка.

Последовавшие версии в истории Microsoft Word добавляли возможности, выходящие за рамки простого текстового процессора: инструменты рисования (добавление графики в документ), внедрение объектов, сравнение версий документа, мультиязычная поддержка и многие другие.

Сегодня

На сегодняшний день Microsoft Word является самым популярным текстовым процессором как у обычных людей, которым нужно просто набросать форматированный текст или реферат, так и у профессионалов своего дела.

Формат документа DOC/DOCX является на данный момент стандартом де-факто и с недавних пор является открытым, а многие даже конкурирующие программы даже имеют поддержку совместимости с этим форматом. Также возможно значительное расширение возможностей текстового процессора и автоматизация любых операций в редакторе посредством использования встроенного макроязыка VBA.

И чтобы не говорили завистники и конкуренты: если тебя выбирают миллионы – значит ты лучший!

---

Microsoft Word

A story being written and formatted in Word, running on Windows 10 and Windows 11
Developer(s)	Microsoft
Initial release	October 25, 1983; 39 years ago (as Multi-Tool Word)
Stable release	2201 (16.0.14827.20192) / February 8, 2022; 14 months ago[1]
Repository	<strong%20class= «error»><span%20class=»scribunto-error»%20id=»mw-scribunto-error-1″>Lua%20error%20in%20Module:Wd%20at%20line%20171:%20attempt%20to%20index%20field%20’wikibase’%20(a%20nil%20value). http://<strong%20class=»error»><span%20class=»scribunto-error»%20id=»mw-scribunto-error-1″>Lua%20error%20in%20Module:Wd%20at%20line%20171:%20attempt%20to%20index%20field%20’wikibase’%20(a%20nil%20value).Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value).
Engine	Lua error in Module:Wd at line 171: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value). Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value).
Operating system	Windows 10 and later, Windows Server 2016 and later Office 365 only Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 and later[2]
Platform	IA-32, x64, ARM, ARM64
Type	Word processor
License	Trialware
Website	products.office.com/word

Microsoft Word for Mac

Word for Mac running on macOS Mojave (10.14.6)
Developer(s)	Microsoft
Stable release	16.56 (Build 21121100) / December 14, 2021; 16 months ago[3]
Repository	<strong%20class= «error»><span%20class=»scribunto-error»%20id=»mw-scribunto-error-6″>Lua%20error%20in%20Module:Wd%20at%20line%20171:%20attempt%20to%20index%20field%20’wikibase’%20(a%20nil%20value). http://<strong%20class=»error»><span%20class=»scribunto-error»%20id=»mw-scribunto-error-6″>Lua%20error%20in%20Module:Wd%20at%20line%20171:%20attempt%20to%20index%20field%20’wikibase’%20(a%20nil%20value).Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value).
Engine	Lua error in Module:Wd at line 171: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value). Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value).
Operating system	macOS
Type	Word processor
License	Proprietary software plus services
Website	products.office.com/word

Microsoft Word for Android

Original author(s)	Microsoft Corporation
Developer(s)	Microsoft Corporation
Stable release	16.0.14729.20146 / December 22, 2021; 15 months ago
Repository	<strong%20class= «error»><span%20class=»scribunto-error»%20id=»mw-scribunto-error-11″>Lua%20error%20in%20Module:Wd%20at%20line%20171:%20attempt%20to%20index%20field%20’wikibase’%20(a%20nil%20value). http://<strong%20class=»error»><span%20class=»scribunto-error»%20id=»mw-scribunto-error-11″>Lua%20error%20in%20Module:Wd%20at%20line%20171:%20attempt%20to%20index%20field%20’wikibase’%20(a%20nil%20value).Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value).
Engine	Lua error in Module:Wd at line 171: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value). Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value).
Operating system	Android Oreo and later
License	Proprietary commercial software
Website	products.office.com/word

Microsoft Word for iOS

Developer(s)	Microsoft Corporation
Stable release	2.56 / December 12, 2021; 16 months ago[4]
Repository	<strong%20class= «error»><span%20class=»scribunto-error»%20id=»mw-scribunto-error-16″>Lua%20error%20in%20Module:Wd%20at%20line%20171:%20attempt%20to%20index%20field%20’wikibase’%20(a%20nil%20value). http://<strong%20class=»error»><span%20class=»scribunto-error»%20id=»mw-scribunto-error-16″>Lua%20error%20in%20Module:Wd%20at%20line%20171:%20attempt%20to%20index%20field%20’wikibase’%20(a%20nil%20value).Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value).
Engine	Lua error in Module:Wd at line 171: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value). Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value).
Operating system	iOS 14 or later IPadOS 14 or later
License	Proprietary commercial software
Website	products.office.com/word

Word Mobile for Windows 10

Developer(s)	Microsoft
Repository	<strong%20class= «error»><span%20class=»scribunto-error»%20id=»mw-scribunto-error-21″>Lua%20error%20in%20Module:Wd%20at%20line%20171:%20attempt%20to%20index%20field%20’wikibase’%20(a%20nil%20value). http://<strong%20class=»error»><span%20class=»scribunto-error»%20id=»mw-scribunto-error-21″>Lua%20error%20in%20Module:Wd%20at%20line%20171:%20attempt%20to%20index%20field%20’wikibase’%20(a%20nil%20value).Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value).
Engine	Lua error in Module:Wd at line 171: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value). Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value).
Operating system	Windows 10 and later, Windows 10 Mobile
Type	Word processor
License	Freemium
Website	www.microsoft.com/store/productId/9WZDNCRFJB9S

Microsoft Word is a word processing software developed by Microsoft. It was first released on October 25, 1983,^[5] under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems.^[6][7][8] Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including IBM PCs running DOS (1983), Apple Macintosh running the Classic Mac OS (1985), AT&T UNIX PC (1985), Atari ST (1988), OS/2 (1989), Microsoft Windows (1989), SCO Unix (1990), and macOS (2001).

Commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or as a component of Microsoft Office 365, or Microsoft 365 Premium subscription, Windows RT or the discontinued Microsoft Works suite.

History

Main article: History of Microsoft Word

Origins

In 1981, Microsoft hired Charles Simonyi, the primary developer of Bravo, the first GUI word processor, which was developed at Xerox PARC.^[9] Simonyi started work on a word processor called Multi-Tool Word and soon hired Richard Brodie, a former Xerox intern, who became the primary software engineer.^[9][10][11]

Microsoft announced Multi-Tool Word for Xenix^[9] and MS-DOS in 1983.^[12] Its name was soon simplified to Microsoft Word.^[6] Free demonstration copies of the application were bundled with the November 1983 issue of PC World, making it the first to be distributed on-disk with a magazine.^[6][13] That year Microsoft demonstrated Word running on Windows.^[14]

Unlike most MS-DOS programs at the time, Microsoft Word was designed to be used with a mouse.^[12] Advertisements depicted the Microsoft Mouse and described Word as a WYSIWYG, windowed word processor with the ability to undo and display bold, italic, and underlined text,^[15] although it could not render fonts.^[6] It was not initially popular, since its user interface was different from the leading word processor at the time, WordStar.^[16] However, Microsoft steadily improved the product, releasing versions 2.0 through 5.0 over the next six years. In 1985, Microsoft ported Word to the classic Mac OS (known as Macintosh System Software at the time). This was made easier by Word for DOS having been designed for use with high-resolution displays and laser printers, even though none were yet available to the general public.^[17] It was also notable for its very fast cut-and-paste function and unlimited number of undo operations, which are due to its usage of the piece table data structure.^[18]

Following the precedents of LisaWrite and MacWrite, Word for Mac OS added true WYSIWYG features. It fulfilled a need for a word processor that was more capable than MacWrite.^[19] After its release, Word for Mac OS’s sales were higher than its MS-DOS counterpart for at least four years.^[9]

The second release of Word for Mac OS, shipped in 1987, was named Word 3.0 to synchronize its version number with Word for DOS; this was Microsoft’s first attempt to synchronize version numbers across platforms. Word 3.0 included numerous internal enhancements and new features, including the first implementation of the Rich Text Format (RTF) specification, but was plagued with bugs. Within a few months, Word 3.0 was superseded by a more stable Word 3.01, which was mailed free to all registered users of 3.0.^[17] After MacWrite Pro was discontinued in the mid-1990s, Word for Mac OS never had any serious rivals. Word 5.1 for Mac OS, released in 1992, was a very popular word processor owing to its elegance, relative ease of use and feature set. Many users say it is the best version of Word for Mac OS ever created.^[17][20]

In 1986, an agreement between Atari and Microsoft brought Word to the Atari ST^[21] under the name Microsoft Write. The Atari ST version was a port of Word 1.05 for the Mac OS^[22][23] and was never updated.

The first version of Word for Windows was released in 1989. With the release of Windows 3.0 the following year, sales began to pick up and Microsoft soon became the market leader for word processors for IBM PC-compatible computers.^[9] In 1991, Microsoft capitalized on Word for Windows’ increasing popularity by releasing a version of Word for DOS, version 5.5, that replaced its unique user interface with an interface similar to a Windows application.^[24][25] When Microsoft became aware of the Year 2000 problem, it made Microsoft Word 5.5 for DOS available for download free. As of February 2021
, it is still available for download from Microsoft’s web site.^[26]
In 1991, Microsoft embarked on a project code-named Pyramid to completely rewrite Microsoft Word from the ground up. Both the Windows and Mac OS versions would start from the same code base. It was abandoned when it was determined that it would take the development team too long to rewrite and then catch up with all the new capabilities that could have been added at the same time without a rewrite. Instead, the next versions of Word for Windows and Mac OS, dubbed version 6.0, both started from the code base of Word for Windows 2.0.^[20]

With the release of Word 6.0 in 1993, Microsoft again attempted to synchronize the version numbers and coordinate product naming across platforms, this time across DOS, Mac OS, and Windows (this was the last version of Word for DOS). It introduced AutoCorrect, which automatically fixed certain typing errors, and AutoFormat, which could reformat many parts of a document at once. While the Windows version received favorable reviews (e.g., from InfoWorld^[27]), the Mac OS version was widely derided. Many accused it of being slow, clumsy and memory intensive, and its user interface differed significantly from Word 5.1.^[20] In response to user requests, Microsoft offered Word 5 again, after it had been discontinued.^[28] Subsequent versions of Word for macOS are no longer direct ports of Word for Windows, instead featuring a mixture of ported code and native code.

Word for Windows

Word for Windows is available stand-alone or as part of the Microsoft Office suite. Word contains rudimentary desktop publishing capabilities and is the most widely used word processing program on the market. Word files are commonly used as the format for sending text documents via e-mail because almost every user with a computer can read a Word document by using the Word application, a Word viewer or a word processor that imports the Word format (see Microsoft Word Viewer).

Word 6 for Windows NT was the first 32-bit version of the product,^[29] released with Microsoft Office for Windows NT around the same time as Windows 95. It was a straightforward port of Word 6.0. Starting with Word 95, releases of Word were named after the year of its release, instead of its version number.^[30]

Word 2007 introduced a redesigned user interface that emphasised the most common controls, dividing them into tabs, and adding specific options depending on the context, such as selecting an image or editing a table.^[31] This user interface, called Ribbon, was included in Excel, PowerPoint and Access 2007, and would be later introduced to other Office applications with Office 2010 and Windows applications such as Paint and WordPad with Windows 7, respectively.^[32]

The redesigned interface also includes a toolbar that appears when selecting text, with options for formatting included.^[33]

Word 2007 also included the option to save documents as Adobe Acrobat or XPS files,^[33] and upload Word documents as blog posts on services such as WordPress.

Word 2010 allows the customization of the Ribbon,^[34] adds a Backstage view for file management,^[35] has improved document navigation, allows creation and embedding of screenshots,^[36] and integrates with online services such as Microsoft OneDrive.^[37]

Word 2019 added a dictation function.

Word for Mac

The Mac was introduced January 24, 1984, and Microsoft introduced Word 1.0 for Mac a year later, on January 18, 1985. The DOS, Mac, and Windows versions are quite different from each other. Only the Mac version was WYSIWYG and used a graphical user interface, far ahead of the other platforms. Each platform restarted its version numbering at «1.0».^[38] There was no version 2 on the Mac, but version 3 came out on January 31, 1987, as described above. Word 4.0 came out on November 6, 1990, and added automatic linking with Excel, the ability to flow text around graphics and a WYSIWYG page view editing mode.
Word 5.1 for Mac, released in 1992 ran on the original 68000 CPU and was the last to be specifically designed as a Macintosh application. The later Word 6 was a Windows port and poorly received. Word 5.1 continued to run well until the last Classic MacOS. Many people continue to run Word 5.1 to this day under an emulated Mac classic system for some of its excellent features like document generation and renumbering or to access their old files.

In 1997, Microsoft formed the Macintosh Business Unit as an independent group within Microsoft focused on writing software for Mac OS. Its first version of Word, Word 98, was released with Office 98 Macintosh Edition. Document compatibility reached parity with Word 97,^[28] and it included features from Word 97 for Windows, including spell and grammar checking with squiggles.^[39] Users could choose the menus and keyboard shortcuts to be similar to either Word 97 for Windows or Word 5 for Mac OS.

Word 2001, released in 2000, added a few new features, including the Office Clipboard, which allowed users to copy and paste multiple items.^[40] It was the last version to run on classic Mac OS and, on Mac OS X, it could only run within the Classic Environment. Word X, released in 2001, was the first version to run natively on, and required, Mac OS X,^[39] and introduced non-contiguous text selection.^[41]

Word 2004 was released in May 2004. It included a new Notebook Layout view for taking notes either by typing or by voice.^[42] Other features, such as tracking changes, were made more similar with Office for Windows.^[43]

Word 2008, released on January 15, 2008, included a Ribbon-like feature, called the Elements Gallery, that can be used to select page layouts and insert custom diagrams and images. It also included a new view focused on publishing layout, integrated bibliography management,^[44] and native support for the new Office Open XML format. It was the first version to run natively on Intel-based Macs.^[45]

Word 2011, released in October 2010, replaced the Elements Gallery in favor of a Ribbon user interface that is much more similar to Office for Windows,^[46] and includes a full-screen mode that allows users to focus on reading and writing documents, and support for Office Web Apps.^[47]

Word for Mobile

Word Mobile is a word processor that allows creating and editing documents. It supports basic formatting, such as bolding, changing font size, and changing colors (from red, yellow, or green). It can add comments, but can’t edit documents with tracked changes. It can’t open password protected documents, change the typeface, text alignment, or style (normal, heading 1); create bulleted lists; insert pictures; or undo.^[48][49][50] Word Mobile is neither able to display nor insert footnotes, endnotes, page headers, page footers, page breaks, certain indentation of lists, and certain fonts while working on a document, but retains them if the original document has them.^[51] In addition to the features of the 2013 version, the 2007 version on Windows Mobile also has the ability to save documents in the Rich Text Format and open legacy PSW (Pocket Word).^[51] Furthermore, it includes a spell checker, word count tool, and a «Find and Replace» command. In 2015, Word Mobile became available for Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile on Windows Store.^[52]

File formats

Native file formats

DOC	Legacy Word document
DOT	Legacy Word templates
WBK	Legacy Word document backup
DOCX	XML Word document
DOCM	XML Word macro-enabled document
DOTX	XML Word template
DOTM	XML Word macro-enabled template
DOCB	XML Word binary document

Filename extensions

Microsoft Word’s native file formats are denoted either by a .doc or .docx filename extension.

Although the .doc extension has been used in many different versions of Word, it actually encompasses four distinct file formats:

1. Word for DOS
2. Word for Windows 1 and 2; Word 3 and 4 for Mac OS
3. Word 6 and Word 95 for Windows; Word 6 for Mac OS
4. Word 97 and later for Windows; Word 98 and later for Mac OS

(The classic Mac OS of the era did not use filename extensions.)^[53]

The newer .docx extension signifies the Office Open XML international standard for Office documents and is used by default by Word 2007 and later for Windows as well as Word 2008 and later for macOS.^[54]

Binary formats (Word 97–2007)

During the late 1990s and early 2000s, the default Word document format (.DOC) became a de facto standard of document file formats for Microsoft Office users. There are different versions of «Word Document Format» used by default in Word 97–2007.^[55] Each binary word file is a Compound File,^[56] a hierarchical file system within a file. According to Joel Spolsky, Word Binary File Format is extremely complex mainly because its developers had to accommodate an overwhelming number of features and prioritize performance over anything else.

As with all OLE Compound Files, Word Binary Format consists of «storages», which are analogous to computer folders, and «streams», which are similar to computer files. Each storage may contain streams or other storage. Each Word Binary File must contain a stream called «WordDocument» stream and this stream must start with a File Information Block (FIB).^[58] FIB serves as the first point of reference for locating everything else, such as where the text in a Word document starts, ends, what version of Word created the document and other attributes.

Word 2007 and later continue to support the DOC file format, although it is no longer the default.

XML Document (Word 2003)

Main article: Microsoft Office XML formats

The .docx XML format introduced in Word 2003^[59] was a simple, XML-based format called WordProcessingML or WordML .^[60]

The Microsoft Office XML formats are XML-based document formats (or XML schemas) introduced in versions of Microsoft Office prior to Office 2007. Microsoft Office XP introduced a new XML format for storing Excel spreadsheets and Office 2003 added an XML-based format for Word documents.

These formats were succeeded by Office Open XML (ECMA-376) in Microsoft Office 2007.

Cross-version compatibility

Opening a Word Document file in a version of Word other than the one with which it was created can cause an incorrect display of the document. The document formats of the various versions change in subtle and not so subtle ways (such as changing the font, or the handling of more complex tasks like footnotes). Formatting created in newer versions does not always survive when viewed in older versions of the program, nearly always because that capability does not exist in the previous version.^[61] Rich Text Format (RTF), an early effort to create a format for interchanging formatted text between applications, is an optional format for Word that retains most formatting and all content of the original document.

Third-party formats

Plugins permitting the Windows versions of Word to read and write formats it does not natively support, such as international standard OpenDocument format (ODF) (ISO/IEC 26300:2006), are available. Up until the release of Service Pack 2 (SP2) for Office 2007, Word did not natively support reading or writing ODF documents without a plugin, namely the SUN ODF Plugin or the OpenXML/ODF Translator. With SP2 installed, ODF format 1.1 documents can be read and saved like any other supported format in addition to those already available in Word 2007.^{[61][62][63][64][65]} The implementation faces substantial criticism, and the ODF Alliance and others have claimed that the third-party plugins provide better support.^[66] Microsoft later declared that the ODF support has some limitations.^[67]

In October 2005, one year before the Microsoft Office 2007 suite was released, Microsoft declared that there was insufficient demand from Microsoft customers for the international standard OpenDocument format support, and that therefore it would not be included in Microsoft Office 2007. This statement was repeated in the following months.^{[68][69][70][71]} As an answer, on October 20, 2005 an online petition was created to demand ODF support from Microsoft.^[72]

In May 2006, the ODF plugin for Microsoft Office was released by the OpenDocument Foundation.^[73] Microsoft declared that it had no relationship with the developers of the plugin.^[74]

In July 2006, Microsoft announced the creation of the Open XML Translator project – tools to build a technical bridge between the Microsoft Office Open XML Formats and the OpenDocument Format (ODF). This work was started in response to government requests for interoperability with ODF. The goal of project was not to add ODF support to Microsoft Office, but only to create a plugin and an external tool-set.^[75][76] In February 2007, this project released a first version of the ODF plugin for Microsoft Word.^[77]

In February 2007, Sun released an initial version of its ODF plugin for Microsoft Office.^[78] Version 1.0 was released in July 2007.^[79]

Microsoft Word 2007 (Service Pack 1) supports (for output only) PDF and XPS formats, but only after manual installation of the Microsoft ‘Save as PDF or XPS’ add-on.^[80][81] On later releases, this was offered by default.

Features and flaws

Among its features, Word includes a built-in spell checker, a thesaurus, a dictionary, and utilities for manipulating and editing text. The following are some aspects of its feature set.

Templates

Several later versions of Word include the ability for users to create their own formatting templates, allowing them to define a file in which the title, heading, paragraph, and other element designs differ from the standard Word templates.^[82] Users can find how to do this under the Help section located near the top right corner (Word 2013 on Windows 8).

For example, Normal.dotm is the master template from which all Word documents are created. It determines the margin defaults as well as the layout of the text and font defaults. Although Normal.dotm is already set with certain defaults, the user can change it to new defaults. This will change other documents which were created using the template.^[83] It was previously Normal.dot.^[84]

Image formats

Word can import and display images in common bitmap formats such as JPG and GIF. It can also be used to create and display simple line-art. Microsoft Word added support^[85] for the common SVG vector image format in 2017 for Office 365 ProPlus subscribers and this functionality was also included in the Office 2019 release.

WordArt

Main article: WordArt

WordArt enables drawing text in a Microsoft Word document such as a title, watermark, or other text, with graphical effects such as skewing, shadowing, rotating, stretching in a variety of shapes and colors and even including three-dimensional effects. Users can apply formatting effects such as shadow, bevel, glow, and reflection to their document text as easily as applying bold or underline. Users can also spell-check text that uses visual effects, and add text effects to paragraph styles.

Macros

A Macro is a rule of pattern that specifies how a certain input sequence (often a sequence of characters) should be mapped to an output sequence according to a defined process. Frequently used or repetitive sequences of keystrokes and mouse movements can be automated.
Like other Microsoft Office documents, Word files can include advanced macros and even embedded programs. The language was originally WordBasic, but changed to Visual Basic for Applications as of Word 97.

This extensive functionality can also be used to run and propagate viruses in documents. The tendency for people to exchange Word documents via email, USB flash drives, and floppy disks made this an especially attractive vector in 1999. A prominent example was the Melissa virus, but countless others have existed.

These macro viruses were the only known cross-platform threats between Windows and Macintosh computers and they were the only infection vectors to affect any macOS system up until the advent of video codec trojans in 2007. Microsoft released patches for Word X and Word 2004 that effectively eliminated the macro problem on the Mac by 2006.

Word’s macro security setting, which regulates when macros may execute, can be adjusted by the user, but in the most recent versions of Word, it is set to HIGH by default, generally reducing the risk from macro-based viruses, which have become uncommon.

Layout issues

Before Word 2010 (Word 14) for Windows, the program was unable to correctly handle ligatures defined in OpenType fonts.^[86] Those ligature glyphs with Unicode codepoints may be inserted manually, but are not recognized by Word for what they are, breaking spell checking, while custom ligatures present in the font are not accessible at all. Since Word 2010, the program now has advanced typesetting features which can be enabled:^[87] OpenType ligatures,^[88] kerning, and hyphenation (previous versions already had the latter two features). Other layout deficiencies of Word include the inability to set crop marks or thin spaces. Various third-party workaround utilities have been developed.^[89]

In Word 2004 for Mac OS X, support of complex scripts was inferior even to Word 97,^[90] and Word 2004 did not support Apple Advanced Typography features like ligatures or glyph variants.^[91]

Bullets and numbering

Microsoft Word supports bullet lists and numbered lists. It also features a numbering system that helps add correct numbers to pages, chapters, headers, footnotes, and entries of tables of content; these numbers automatically change to correct ones as new items are added or existing items are deleted. Bullets and numbering can be applied directly to paragraphs and convert them to lists.^[92] Word 97 through 2003, however, had problems adding correct numbers to numbered lists. In particular, a second irrelevant numbered list might have not started with number one but instead resumed numbering after the last numbered list. Although Word 97 supported a hidden marker that said the list numbering must restart afterward, the command to insert this marker (Restart Numbering command) was only added in Word 2003. However, if one were to cut the first item of the listed and paste it as another item (e.g. fifth), then the restart marker would have moved with it and the list would have restarted in the middle instead of at the top.^[93]

Users can also create tables in Word. Depending on the version, Word can perform simple calculations — along with support for formulas and equations as well.

Word continues to default to non-Unicode characters and non-hierarchical bulleting, despite user preference for Powerpoint-style symbol hierarchies (e.g., filled circle/emdash/filled square/endash/emptied circle) and universal compatibility.

AutoSummarize

Available in certain versions of Word (e.g., Word 2007), AutoSummarize highlights passages or phrases that it considers valuable and can be a quick way of generating a crude abstract or an executive summary.^[94] The amount of text to be retained can be specified by the user as a percentage of the current amount of text.

According to Ron Fein of the Word 97 team, AutoSummarize cuts wordy copy to the bone by counting words and ranking sentences. First, AutoSummarize identifies the most common words in the document (barring «a» and «the» and the like) and assigns a «score» to each word – the more frequently a word is used, the higher the score. Then, it «averages» each sentence by adding the scores of its words and dividing the sum by the number of words in the sentence – the higher the average, the higher the rank of the sentence. «It’s like the ratio of wheat to chaff,» explains Fein.^[95]

AutoSummarize was removed from Microsoft Word for Mac OS X 2011, although it was present in Word for Mac 2008. AutoSummarize was removed from the Office 2010 release version (14) as well.^[96]

Word for the web

Word for the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft Word available as part of Office on the web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint.

Word for the web lacks some Ribbon tabs, such as Design and Mailings. Mailings allows users to print envelopes and labels, and manage mail merge printing of Word documents.^[97][98] Word for the web is not able to edit certain objects, such as equations, shapes, text boxes, or drawings, but a placeholder may be present in the document. Certain advanced features like table sorting or columns will not be displayed but are preserved as they were in the document. Other views available in the Word desktop app (Outline, Draft, Web Layout, and Full Screen Reading) are not available, nor are side-by-side viewing, split windows, and the ruler.^[99]

Password protection

Main article: Microsoft Office password protection

There are three password types that can be set in Microsoft Word:

• Password to open a document^[100]
• Password to modify a document^[100]
• Password restricting formatting and editing^[101]

The second and third password types were developed by Microsoft for convenient shared use of documents rather than for their protection. There is no encryption of documents that are protected by such passwords, and the Microsoft Office protection system saves a hash sum of a password in a document’s header where it can be easily accessed and removed by the specialized software.
Password to open a document offers much tougher protection that had been steadily enhanced in the subsequent editions of Microsoft Office.

Word 95 and all the preceding editions had the weakest protection that utilized a conversion of a password to a 16-bit key.

Key length in Word 97 and 2000 was strengthened up to 40 bit. However, modern cracking software allows removing such a password very quickly – a persistent cracking process takes one week at most. Use of rainbow tables reduces password removal time to several seconds. Some password recovery software can not only remove a password but also find an actual password that was used by a user to encrypt the document using brute-force attack approach. Statistically, the possibility of recovering the password depends on the password strength.

Word’s 2003/XP version default protection remained the same but an option that allowed advanced users choosing a Cryptographic Service Provider was added.^[102] If a strong CSP is chosen, guaranteed document decryption becomes unavailable, and therefore a password can’t be removed from the document. Nonetheless, a password can be fairly quickly picked with a brute-force attack, because its speed is still high regardless of the CSP selected. Moreover, since the CSPs are not active by default, their use is limited to advanced users only.

Word 2007 offers significantly more secure document protection which utilizes the modern Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) that converts a password to a 128-bit key using a SHA-1 hash function 50,000 times. It makes password removal impossible (as of today, no computer that can pick the key in a reasonable amount of time exists), and drastically slows the brute-force attack speed down to several hundreds of passwords per second.

Word’s 2010 protection algorithm was not changed apart from the increasing number of SHA-1 conversions up to 100,000 times, and consequently, the brute-force attack speed decreased two times more.

Reception

Initial releases of Word were met with criticism. BYTE in 1984 criticized the documentation for Word 1.1 and 2.0 for DOS, calling it «a complete farce». It called the software «clever, put together well, and performs some extraordinary feats», but concluded that «especially when operated with the mouse, has many more limitations than benefits … extremely frustrating to learn and operate efficiently».^[103] PC Magazine‘s review was very mixed, stating «I’ve run into weird word processors before, but this is the first time one’s nearly knocked me down for the count» but acknowledging that Word’s innovations were the first that caused the reviewer to consider abandoning WordStar. While the review cited an excellent WYSIWYG display, sophisticated print formatting, windows, and footnoting as merits, it criticized many small flaws, very slow performance, and «documentation apparently produced by Madame Sadie’s Pain Palace». It concluded that Word was «two releases away from potential greatness».^[104]

Compute!’s Apple Applications in 1987 stated that «despite a certain awkwardness», Word 3.01 «will likely become the major Macintosh word processor» with «far too many features to list here». While criticizing the lack of true WYSIWYG, the magazine concluded that «Word is marvelous. It’s like a Mozart or Edison, whose occasional gaucherie we excuse because of his great gifts».^[105]

Compute! in 1989 stated that Word 5.0’s integration of text and graphics made it «a solid engine for basic desktop publishing». The magazine approved of improvements to text mode, described the $75 price for upgrading from an earlier version as «the deal of the decade», and concluded that «as a high-octane word processor, Word is definitely worth a look».^[106]

During the first quarter of 1996, Microsoft Word accounted for 80% of the worldwide word processing market.^[107]

Release history

Legend:	Old version, not maintained	Older version, still maintained	Current stable version	Latest preview version	Future release

Microsoft Word for Windows release history

Year released	Name	Version	Comments
1989	Word for Windows 1.0	1.0	Code-named Opus[108]
1990	Word for Windows 1.1	1.1	For Windows 3.0.[109] Code-named Bill the Cat [citation needed]
1990	Word for Windows 1.1a	1.1a	On March 25, 2014 Microsoft made the source code to Word for Windows 1.1a available to the public via the Computer History Museum.[110][111]
1991	Word for Windows 2.0	2.0	Included in Office 3.0.
1993	Word for Windows 6.0	6.0	Version numbers 3, 4 and 5 were skipped, to bring Windows version numbering in line with that of DOS, Mac OS, and WordPerfect (the main competing word processor at the time). Also a 32-bit version for Windows NT only. Included in Office 4.0, 4.2, and 4.3.
1995	Word for Windows 95	7.0	Included in Office 95
1997	Word 97	8.0	Included in Office 97
1998	Word 98	8.5	Included in Office 97
1999	Word 2000	9.0	Included in Office 2000
2001	Word 2002	10.0	Included in Office XP
2003	Microsoft Word 2003	11.0	Included in Office 2003
2006	Microsoft Word 2007	12.0	Included in Office 2007; released to businesses on November 30, 2006, released worldwide to consumers on January 30, 2007. Extended support until October 10, 2017.
2010	Word 2010	14.0	Included in Office 2010; skipped 13.0 due to triskaidekaphobia.[112]
2013	Word 2013	15.0	Included in Office 2013
2016	Word 2016	16.0	Included in Office 2016
2019	Word 2019	16.0	Included in Office 2019
2021	Word 2021	16.0	Included in Office 2021

Microsoft Word for classic Mac OS and macOS release history

Year released	Name	Version	Comments
1985	Word 1	1.0
1987	Word 3	3.0
1989	Word 4	4.0	Part of Office 1.0 and 1.5
1991	Word 5	5.0	Part of Office 3.0 Requires System 6.0.2, 512 KB of RAM (1 MB for 5.1, 2 MB to use spell check and thesaurus), 6.5 MB available hard drive space[17]
1992	Word 5.1	5.1	Part of Office 3.0 Last version to support 68000-based Macs[17]
1993	Word 6	6.0	Part of Office 4.2 Shares code and user interface with Word for Windows 6 Requires System 7.0, 4 MB of RAM (8 MB recommended), at least 10 MB available hard drive space, 68020 CPU[17]
1998	Word 98	8.5	Part of Office 98 Macintosh Edition Requires PowerPC-based Macintosh Renumbered alongside contemporary Windows version
2000	Word 2001	9.0	Part of Microsoft Office 2001 Last version compatible with Classic Mac OS (Mac OS 9 or earlier)
2001	Word v. X	10.0	Part of Office v. X First version for Mac OS X only
2004	Word 2004	11.0	Part of Office 2004
2008	Word 2008	12.0	Part of Office 2008
2010	Word 2011	14.0	Part of Office 2011; skipped 13.0 due to triskaidekaphobia.[112]
2015	Word 2016	16.0	Part of Office 2016; skipped 15.0
2019	Word 2019	16.0	Part of Office 2019
2021	Word 2021	16.0	Included in Office 2021

Word for MS-DOS release history

Year released	Name	Version	Comments
1983	Word 1	1.0	Initial version of Word
1985	Word 2	2.0
1986	Word 3	3.0
1987	Word 4	4.0
1989	Word 5	5.0
1991	Word 5.1	5.1
1991	Word 5.5	5.5	First DOS version to use a Windows-like user interface
1993	Word 6	6.0	Last DOS version.

Word release history on other platforms

Platform	Year released	Name	Comments
Atari ST	1988	Microsoft Write	Based on Microsoft Word 1.05 for Mac OS
OS/2	1989	Microsoft Word 5.0	Word 5.0 ran both under DOS and under OS/2 dual mode as a native OS/2 application
OS/2	1991	Microsoft Word 5.5	Word 5.5 ran both under DOS and under OS/2 dual mode as a native OS/2 application
OS/2	1990	Microsoft Word for OS/2 Presentation Manager version 1.1
OS/2	1991	Microsoft Word for OS/2 Presentation Manager version 1.2
SCO Unix	1990	Microsoft Word for Unix version 5.0[113]
SCO Unix	1991	Microsoft Word for Unix version 5.1[114]

References

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Further reading

• Tsang, Cheryl. Microsoft: First Generation. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-33206-0.
• Liebowitz, Stan J. & Margolis, Stephen E. Winners, Losers & Microsoft: Competition and Antitrust in High Technology Oakland: Independent Institute. ISBN 978-0-945999-80-5.

External links

Wikiversity has learning resources about Microsoft Office/Word

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [[commons:Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 506: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 506: attempt to index field ‘wikibase’ (a nil value).]].

• Microsoft Word – official site
• Find and replace text by using regular expressions (Advanced) — archived official support website

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В прошлой статье я рассказал Вам об интерфейсе и основных функция MS Word 2019. В этой, как Вы уже поняли по названию, будет рассказываться от начала создания и до последних изменений в наши дни. И так давайте начнем с определения:

Microsoft Word – текстовый процессор, предназначенный для создания, просмотра и редактирования текстовых документов, с локальным применением простейших форм таблично-матричных алгоритмов. Выпускается корпорацией Microsoft в составе пакета Microsoft Office.

Теперь узнав, что из себя представляет MS Word и кем он выпускается мы перейдем к истории.

Кто создатель знаменитого текстового процессора?

Ответ на этот вопрос мало кто знает, но все же первая версия Microsoft Word была написана Ричардом Броди для первого персонального компьютера IBM PC, использующий операционную систему DOS, в 1983 году. Сегодня Ричард является известным человеком. Он пишет интересные книги и профессионально играет в покер.

Первый текстовый процессор WYSIWYG: Xerox Bravo

Первый текстовый процессор WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get — «что видишь, то и получаешь») под названием Bravo появился задолго до того, как мир узнал о существовании Word.

В 1974 году в исследовательском центре корпорации Xerox в Пало-Альто Чарльз Симони и Батлер Лэмпсон разработали революционную программу для замечательного компьютера Xerox Alto, в котором впервые присутствовали мышь и графический пользовательский интерфейс (Graphical User Interface, GUI).

Приход Microsoft и Xenix

Получив в 1981 году приглашение от Билла Гейтса, разработчик Xerox Bravo Чарльз Симони присоединился к Microsoft. И вот как-то раз, обсуждая перспективы дальнейшего развития, Гейтс, Пол Аллен и Симони решили написать программы для электронных таблиц, текстового процессора и системы управления базами данных.

Вскоре после этого Симони пригласил еще одного бывшего сотрудника Xerox Ричарда Броди и приступил к разработке Multi-Tool Word. Решение большей части задач, связанных с программированием, легло именно на плечи Броди. Спустя некоторое время вышла первая версия Unix-подобной операционной системы Microsoft Xenix, ныне уже прекратившей свое существование. Вот так на свет появился Microsoft Word.

Первые дни DOS

Версии Word 1.0 для Xenix и MS-DOS были выпущены в октябре 1983 года. Операционные системы DOS в версиях от 1.0 до 5.0 по своему внешнему экранному представлению практически не отличались друг от друга. Первые варианты Word имели в какой-то степени противоречивый интерфейс (одни и те же клавиши выполняли разные функции в разных режимах или подменю), что объяснялось унаследованной от Bravo идеологией.

В этом смысле приложение Microsoft недалеко ушло от запутанных комбинаций функциональных клавиш своего конкурента WordPerfect (сегодня данный продукт поддерживается компанией Corel), однако вскоре на горизонте замаячил гораздо более совершенный интерфейс. Правда, для его реализации понадобился другой компьютер.

Тем временем на платформе Macintosh

В 1985 году Джеффри Харберс по настоянию Билла Гейтса возглавил команду разработчиков, которым было поручено перенести Word на недавно появившуюся на рынке платформу Apple Macintosh. Среди новых функций приложения следует отметить возможность отображения на экране шрифтов разного типа, плотности и размеров. Для Word все это было в новинку.

Добро пожаловать в Windows

Между тем, позиции Microsoft Windows устойчиво укреплялись. А потому после того успеха, который сопутствовал Microsoft на платформе Macintosh, компания выпустила версию Word и для собственной графической среды.

Версия Word 1.0 for Windows, появившаяся в 1989 году и продававшаяся за 500 долларов, унаследовала от Macintosh интерфейс, управляемый мышью, выпадающие меню и полноценную реализацию WYSIWYG.

Еще одна операционная система

В 1992 году корпорация Microsoft выпустила версию Word для операционной системы IBM OS/2, которая была почти идентична варианту для Microsoft Windows.

Любопытно, что Microsoft поддерживала также и версии Word для операционной системы SCO Unix (Xenix), которые по своим функциональным возможностям примерно соответствовали версиям для MS-DOS с аналогичными номерами.

Смена нумерации

Вслед за выпуском Microsoft Word 1.0, естественно, последовала версия Word 2.0. А вот потом произошло нечто странное. Компания WordPerfect представила весьма успешную версию своего приложения WordPerfect 6.0, бывшего в то время главным конкурентом Microsoft Word. Не желая отставать от соперников, в Microsoft решили уравнять их номера для Windows, MS-DOS и Macintosh, и в 1993 году была выпущена Word for Windows 6.0.

А чуть позже корпорация Microsoft решила совсем выйти из игры, связанной с манипулированием номерами: в очередном варианте Word для Windows вместо номера версии, был указан год. Таким образом, вслед за операционной системой Windows 95 на рынке появилось приложение Word 95.

Рождение Скрепки

В версии Word 97 появилась функция, которая сильнее всего досаждала пользователям — The Office Assistant. Помощника, который появлялся по умолчанию, звали Clippit. Он представлял собой говорящую и танцующую бумажную скрепку со слегка косящимися глазами, которая следила за достигнутыми вами успехами и советовала, что и как следует делать.

Прощай, Скрепка

В версии Word 2002 разработчики Microsoft решили использовать всеобщую неприязнь к Скрепке в маркетинговых целях. В рекламе утверждалось, что простота использования Word 2002 сделала Скрепку устаревшей.

Вместо Скрепки Microsoft представила панель задач (специальные меню, заполнявшие правую часть экрана), которая была призвана помогать пользователям гораздо менее навязчивым и раздражающим способом.

Word 2007

Начиная с этого выпуска приложение Word включает кроме стандартных опций для форматирования текстов еще и специальные средства, рассчитанные для людей с нарушениями зрения, подвижности. Это делает его доступным для широкого круга пользователей.

Разработчики редактора немало уделили времени безопасности, ведь сейчас огромное количество файлов из сети Интернет могут заключать в себе вирусы, черви, трояны и другие программы с вредоносным кодом. Чтобы избежать проблем, потенциально небезопасные файлы открываются в специальном режиме под названием – защищенный режим.

Word 2010

В версии Word 2010 функция защиты документов стала более совершенной. Теперь пользователь с помощью нескольких нажатий клавиш может быстро установить пароль на свой документ. Никто кроме обладателя пароля не сможет его открыть, как-бы не старался. Разработчики Microsoft Word 2010 добавили множество новых функций, которые найдут множество своих поклонников. Расскажу лишь о нескольких из них.

Теперь каждый готовый файл с помощью специальных возможностей будет обладать всеми присущими ему качествами профессионального вида. Данная версия теперь обеспечивает простой доступ к документу через браузер мобильного телефона, смартфона или планшета. Работа с таблицами, наборами стилей и колонтитулами теперь стала еще интереснее и привлекательнее благодаря новейшим эффектам и более удобной навигации.

Word 2013

Word 2013 содержит новые форматы нумерации с фиксированным числом знаков, как пример – 001, 002, 003 или 0001, 0002 и 0003. Также в программе улучшен параметр добавления заголовка к таблице, это позволяет предоставить читателям документа более полные сведения. В новой версии графика SmartArt стала богаче.

Word 2016

По заявлениям Microsoft, новая версия создана «с нуля», и ее производительность по сравнению с предыдущими версиями должна возрасти. При этом ключевые изменения затронули интерфейс, внедрена более тесная интеграция с Интернетом.

Настоящее время

Microsoft Word является наиболее популярным из используемых в данный момент текстовых процессоров. Он пережил много изменений в плане функциональности и интерфейса, расширил свои возможности и на сегодняшний день Microsoft Word 2019 самая последняя версия продукта, которая была выпущена 12 июня 2018 года для macOS. 27 апреля 2018 года вышла для корпоративных пользователей.

От версии 2016 она практически ничем не отличается, кроме как дополнительно новых функций, о которых Вы узнаете в новой статье.

Прародителем Microsoft Word является программа Bravo, которая представляла из себя текстовый редактор с оригинальным графическим интерфейсом, который был разработан в исследовательском центре «Xerox PARC». А разработчика Bravo Чарльза Симони переманили в Microsoft. Он стал заниматься разработкой текстового редактора для Windows в 1981 году.

Впервые Word был выпущен 25 октября 1983 года под названием Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems. Позже название сильно сократят, оставив только слов Word.

Первый выпуск Word для MS-DOS произошёл в 1983 году, но был принят общественностью крайне плохо, поскольку программа уступала главному конкуренту — программе WordPerfect от компании Corel.

WordPerfect довольно быстро вытеснил большинство конкурентов с рынка текстовых редакторов, особенно после выпуска 4.2 в 1986 году, и он стал де-факто стандартом на рынке DOS версии 5.1 в 1989 году.

Оказывается, что Word был создан сначала для операционных систем Apple (1985 г.), после для компьютеров Атари (1988 г.) и OS/2 (1989 г.). Для операционных систем Winsdows текстовый процессор был выпущен лишь в 1989 году.

Версия для «макинтоша», выпущенная в 1985 году, не получила широкого распространение из-за наличия багов в программе. Разработчики из Microsoft спешили презентовать программу и уделили крайне мало времени тестированию из-за чего проект оказался «сырым».

Хотя MS-DOS и являлась операционной системой, лишённой графической оболочки, Word для DOS стал первым текстовым процессором для IBM PC, который был способен отображать разметку текста, например, полужирный или курсивный текст в процессе форматирования. Однако он всё же не был в полном смысле WYSIWYG-редактором.

Особенности и недостатки

В отличие от большинства программ MS-DOS, Microsoft Word был разработан как продукт, совместимый с мышью. Другие же текстовые программы (например, WordStar и WordPerfect) использовали простой текстовый экран с кодами разметки, иногда текст был цветным.

Однако, поскольку в большинстве программного обеспечения под DOS применялись собственные трудные для запоминания комбинации «горячих клавиш» для каждой команды (например, в Word’е для DOS сохранение файла выполнялось по комбинации ESC-T-S) и большинство секретарей и менеджеров умели применять лишь сочетания горячих клавиш от WordPerfect, компании-пользователи WordPerfect с трудностями переходили на конкурирующие с ним продукты, даже если те имели преимущества.

Лидерство на рынке

Word стал набирать популярность после выпуска операционной системы Windows 3.0 продажи поползли вверх. Продажи текстового процессора Word начали возрастать, поскольку основной конкурент WordPerfect так и не смог выпустить рабочую версию под Windows в короткие сроки.

Первая версия Word для Windows, выпущенная в 1989 году, продавалась по $ 500 за штуку.