Give the russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations the course of studies

Ответ:

1. Give the Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

the course of studies — курс обучения;

primary school — начальная школа;

secondary school — средняя школа;

previously — ранее;

creche — ясли;

lyceum — лицей;

gymnasium — гимназия;

free of charge — бесплатно;

curriculum — программа обучения;

demand — спрос, востребованность;

to adapt — адапировать(ся);

to extend — продлевать;

to conduct — проводить;

transition — переход;

vocational school — профессионально-техническое училище;

higher school — высшая школа;

competitive — конкурентоспособный;

ability — способность;

to be involved in — участвовать в;

postgraduate courses — курсы повышения квалификации/послевузовское образование

Другие языки

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ДЕПАРТАМЕНТ ЛЕСНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Государственное бюджетное профессиональное

образовательное учреждение Нижегородской области

«КРАСНОБАКОВСКИЙ ЛЕСНОЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

Утверждаю

Зам. директора по УР

ГБПОУ НО «КБЛК»

_________О.Н. Спирин

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ

к развивающему курсу английского языка

для студентов II курса

«Образование в России и за рубежом,

среднее профессиональное образование»

(часть 5)

РАССМОТРЕНО: на заседании предметно-цикловой комиссии общеобразовательных дисциплин ПРОТОКОЛ № от « ___»___________ 2018г. Председатель ПЦК _______________

Разработала: преподаватель иностранного языка Воронина М.В.

Красные Баки

2018 год

Настоящие методические указания предназначены для студентов II курса всех специальностей КБЛК очной и заочной формы обучения для организации аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов.

Методические указания состоят из тематических циклов, которые ориентированы на совершенствование знаний, умений и навыков студентов.

Учебно-методические указания составлены преподавателем английского языка ГБПОУ НО КБЛК Ворониной М.В.

Оглавление

Предисловие	4
Education in Russia	5
Texts for reading	13
Education in the UK	17
Texts for reading	22
Education in the USA	25
Texts for reading	31
English in the world	33
Texts for reading	36
Приложение 1 Лексический словарь по теме “Education”	39
Приложение 2 Пословицы, поговорки и идиомы по теме «Education»	41
Список рекомендуемой литературы по изучаемой тематике	45

Предисловие

Настоящие Методические указания предназначены для студентов очного и заочного отделения всех специальностей лесного колледжа. Они составлены в соответствии с Примерной программой учебной дисциплины Английский язык для специальностей СПО.

Целью обучения английскому языку является подготовка студентов к общению на этом языке в устной и письменной формах, что предполагает наличие у них определённых знаний, умений и навыков, которые после окончания курса дадут им возможность:

— читать оригинальную литературу по специальности для получения необходимой информации;

— принимать участие в устном общении на английском языке в объёме материала, предусмотренного Примерной программой;

— приобрести навыки самостоятельной работы с иностранной литературой.

В процессе изучения английского языка реализуются также общеобразовательные и воспитательные задачи обучения.

Методические указания включают в себя основные темы развивающего курса («Образование» и «Английский в мире»), содержащие адаптированные тексты и практические упражнения по его закреплению способствующих развитию и совершенствованию произносительных навыков.

Материал указаний может быть рекомендован для всех лиц, желающих повысить уровень владения английским языком.

EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

1. New words

a right – право

a duty – обязанность

crèches – ясли

nursery school – детский сад

primary school – начальная школа

secondary school – средняя школа

state – государственный

private – частный

lyceum – лицей

gymnasium – зд.гимназия

free of charge – бесплатный

the curriculum – расписание, учебная программа

term – четверть

conducted by smb– ведутся кем-то

transition – переход

the Certificate of Basic Secondary Education – аттестат об основном образовании

technical (vocational) school – техникум, училище

college – колледж

Institute – институт

University – университет

higher education – высшее образование

the Certificate of Complete Secondary Education – аттестат о полном образовании

personal interview –зд. собеседование

entrance examination – входной экзамен

academy — академия

postgraduate courses — аспирантура

2. Read and translate the text.

Education plays a very important role in our life. It is one of the most valuable possessions a man can get in his life.

People in our country have the right for education. It is our Constitutional right. But it is not only a right, it is a duty, too. Every boy and every girl in Russia must go to school and they must get a full secondary education. 

Children start school at the age of six in Russia. Children under the age of six are taken to crèches and nursery schools. The course of studies at school is eleven years now: four years of primary school and seven years of secondary school. Previously it was only ten years: three years of primary school and seven years of secondary school. All pupils have equal rights in all stages of education.

There is a wide choice of schools nowadays: state schools, private schools, lyceums and gymnasiums. There is also a number of specialized schools, where the pupils get deep knowledge of foreign languages, or Maths, or Physics, or other subjects. The majority of schools is free of charge, but in some (usually private ones) parents have to pay for the education of their children. In ordinary schools parents sometimes pay for additional subjects in the curriculum, such as a foreign language or arts. Most children can already read and write when they start their school: this makes education much easier for them.

The school year starts in the first of September and finishes in May. It is divided into four terms. Study programme in schools is fixed. It means that schoolchildren can’t choose subjects they want to study.

In primary school there are three or four lessons a day. A lesson lasts forty minutes. During the first term children get used to learning and adapt to school regulations. At primary schools all lessons are usually conducted by one teacher.

At the age of ten children pass to the second stage of education, known as secondary school. In secondary school there is a wide variety of subjects under study, and teachers specialize. The transition from primary to secondary school is sometimes difficult for children.

After finishing the ninth form and getting the Certificate of Basic Secondary Education, schoolchildren may either continue their education in the tenth form, or leave school and go to technical (vocational) schools and colleges. They not only learn general subjects, but also receive a specialty there. Having finished a secondary school, a technical school or a college young people can start working, or they may enter an Institute or a University. Professional training makes it easier to get higher education.

After eleven years at school, the school leavers take examinations and get the Certificate of Complete Secondary Education. Those who have only excellent marks in the Certificate get a gold medal, which gives the right to enter higher school taking only one examination or a personal interview.

The admission to higher school is competitive and based on the system of entrance examinations, usually three or four. During the ex­aminations the school leavers must show their abilities in the chosen field. Young people also have an option to get specialized secondary education in vocational schools after leaving the eleventh form.

Among higher educational establishments are institutes (colleges), academies and universities. The term of studying in higher school is from four to six years. Students can be involved in scientific research while studying. At the end of their final year at college, university or academy they take final examinations and get a diploma. Besides, they can take postgraduate courses in the chosen field.

Answer the questions:

1. Is education in our country free? 
2. Is education in Russia right or duty? 
3. What types of schools are there in Russia?
4. What are the possible ways to continue education after the finishing of the secondary school? 
5. What are the main types of educational institutions in our country? 
6. What are the types of higher education institutions in Russia? 

3. Exercises

№1. Give the Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

the course of studies; primary school; secondary school; previously; creche; lyceum; gymnasium; free of charge; curriculum; to adapt; to extend; to conduct; transition; vocational school; higher school; competitive; ability; to be involved in; postgraduate courses

№2. Use the words and phrases of exercise 1 in the sentences of your own.

№3. Give the English equivalents of the following:

детский сад; большой выбор; государственная школа; большин­ство школ; дополнительные предметы; первая четверть; школь­ные правила; включать; изучаемые предметы; выпускники; акаде­мия; выпускные экзамены

№4. Use the words and word combinations of exercise 3 in the sentences of your own.

№5. Find in the text and read the information about

• the course of studies in Russian schools;

• pre-primary educational establishments;

• types of schools existing in Russia;

• secondary education;

• school-leaving examinations;

• the admission to higher school;

• higher educational establishments.

№4. Translate the words in brackets into English.

1. (Курс обучения) is eleven years.

2. Children (младше шести лет) are taken to crèches and nursery schools.

3. (Большинство школ) are free of charge.

4. At the age of six children start (ходить в начальную школу).

5. After (базовой средней школы) young people can enter (техни­ческие училища).

№5. Match the definitions with their Russian equivalents:

1) the name for a type of secondary school in several countries	a) факультет
2) one of the two periods that the school or college year is divided into	b) колледж
3) a department or group of related departments in a college or university	c) учебный план
4) a formal written, spoken or practical test, especially at school or college, to see how much you know about a subject, or what you can do	d) лицей
5) the subjects that are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc	e) семестр
6) a place where students go to study or to receive training after they have left school	f) экзамен

№6. Write chains of words in English:

А. Ясли – детсад – начальная школа – средняя школа – лицей – профессиональная школа – гимназия – колледж

Б. Высшее учебное заведение – институт – университет – академия – аспирантура

В. Школьник (ученик) – выпускник — абитуриент – студент (без степени, со степенью), бакалавр – магистр – аспирант – кандидат – доктор – профессор

Г. Экзамены – вступительные – семестровые – итоговые – государственные

№7. Play the game “Agree or disagree” with your partner. Read the statements and your partner should agree with you if you’re right. Repeat the statements if it is true. And disagree with you and correct the statement if it is false.

In Krasnye Baki there are 2 secondary schools and 2 colleges.

School №2 is specialized in English.

There are no lyceums in Krasnye Baki.

Pupils start going to school at the age of 5 in Russia.

In Russia pupils study in primary school for 4 years.

Our college is situated in Michurin St.

There are a lot of different clubs in our college

Read, translate and act out the following dialogues.

Dialogue 1

A: Have you heard that our school authorities are planning to introduce the following changes? What do you think of it?

B: Well, I like changes but I don’t think that a new school uniform is the best decision.

A: Why? A new uniform may look more stylish.

B: To begin with, I don’t like the idea of a school uniform because I can’t stand wearing the same clothes all the time. When we wear a uniform, we lose our individuality. I’m sure that many students hate the uniform style as well, so a new design won’t make any difference.

A: I can’t agree with you, I am afraid. When we wear a uniform, you don’t have to think about what to put on. Besides, lots of pupils are often teased because they don’t wear expensive designer clothes to school. So those students whose parents can’t afford stylish clothes will feel more comfortable.

B: Perhaps, you are right, but don’t forget about those students whose old uniform is still in good condition. It will be a waste of money for them.

A: Yes, I agree with you. What about an hour lunch break? It seems like a good idea because we could have time to go for a walk or just to relax talking with friends. And those students who live close to school will be able to have lunch at home. What’s your opinion?

B: I’m not sure about it because classes will be over too late and we will get back home too tired. Besides, it’s unlikely that we will be allowed to leave the school at lunch break.

A: In this case, we can do part of our homework and have more free time after classes.’

B: I don’t think that it’s a good idea because it may be too noisy during the break and you can easily get distracted. In my opinion, such a long break is a waste of time. I’d rather have one day off school to study on my own. We’ll have enough time to study the subjects we are really interested in.

A: I doubt that many students will be for it because in this case we’ll have seven or eight classes a day.

B: Well, we could have shorter breaks so we wouldn’t have to stay so long.

A: I’m afraid we will have much more homework to do and will be completely exhausted by the weekend. Anyway, not all students are eager to study as much as you do.

B: That’s right. Why don’t we have one more PE class then? PE classes are sort of relaxation during a difficult day. In addition, it will help us to keep fit.

A: Great idea! Health is very important for us. Good health is above wealth. Besides, if we have one more PE class, we’ll be able to do a greater variety of sports activities.

B: You are right! Our PE teacher is very good and his classes are always exciting. Perhaps, we’ll even be able to go to the swimming pool.

A: I totally agree with you. One more PE class is the best choice for us.

Read and learn the poems:

College Rap

College is the place

Where students are gay

Because they are turned

To be improved every day.

We enter the classrooms

Which are full of magic

Using pen boards, players,

Computers — gadgets.

The process of learning

Is not very hard

Because it’s so interesting,

Popular and smart.

All things are for students

To take education:

Sport grounds, laboratories,

Right regulation.

Students like

Keeping old traditions:

Drama, Art, Music

And sport competitions.

The stuff of the college

Is very creative

Fulfilling, strict, kind,

Of course, educative.

I can’t imagine

The life without

My taking part

In concerts, crowds.

Now let’s imagine

To think together

About friendship,

Motherland, the weather.

We often go to the dendropark

With teachers,

Attend museums, galleries

And draw pictures.

A winter garden,

A swimming pool.

It’s so filling,

so cool!

Lessons

You learnt such lots of things at school

And new ones every day.

I think the names of some of them

Are very hard to say.

Writing is an easy thing

But if you’re using ink,

Remember not to make a blot,

Dictation’s hard I think.

If people say Arithmetic

Is hard, I don’t agree:

For if you know your tables, it’s

As plain as ABC.

Geography’s about the world,

It’s interesting for me,

Because I like to hear about

The lands across the sea.

Geography is very nice,

But History is better,

And composition teaches us

How to write a letter.

But reading is the best of all,

For reading’s like a key

That open many, many doors;

It opens books for me.

Discuss the proverbs:

Live and learn. – Век живи – век учись.

It’s never too late to learn. — Учиться никогда не поздно.

Knowledge is power. — Знание – сила.

Soon learnt, soon forgotten. Выученное наспех быстро забывается.

To know everything is to know nothing. – Знать все – значит не знать ничего.

Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain. – Деньги, истраченные на образование, никогда даром не пропадают.

Better untaught than ill taught. – Недоученный хуже неучёного.

Like teacher, like pupil. – Какой учитель, такой и ученик.

A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. – Малые знания вредны. 

No living man all things can. – Нельзя быть мастером на все руки.

No man is wise at all times. — На всякого мудреца довольно простоты. 

Too much knowledge makes the head bald. – Много будешь знать — скоро состаришься.

Practice makes perfect. — Дело мастера боится.

Diligence is the mother of success. — Терпение и труд все перетрут.

Men learn while they teach.

If all good people were clever and all clever people were good, the world would be nicer than ever.

Learning is the eye of the mind.

Read the idioms and their explanations:

As easy as ABC — used to indicate that something is very easy and that anyone can do.

Example: English exam was as easy as ABC.

Pass with flying colors – to pass something with a high score

Example: Wish you to pass with flying colors.

Skip class – to not go to school/college when you should

Example: I got low grades in Math because I skipped class a lot.

Copycat — a person who imitates or copies the work of another

Example: Helen! Don’t be a copycat!

Hit the books — to begin to study hard.

Example: Let’s hit the books and do all homework!

A for effort — the work you did was not exactly what you were told or, the results you got were not correct, but you worked really hard for them, so you get an A not because you got them right, but for the effort you put into them.

Example: The outcome of my project was not what the teacher wanted, but she gave me an A for my effort.

Dropout – to stop attending school/college

Example: We are shocked! Peter dropout the college.

Teacher’s pet – the teacher’s favourite student

Example: He is teachers’ pet.

Bookworm – someone who reads a lot

Example: I don’t like him, because he’s bookworm.

Brainstorm – to try to develop an idea or think of new ideas

Example: We are planning to brainstorm in the class.

Texts for reading

Read the text and choose the most suitable heading below for each paragraph:

1) What Is Education; 2) Formal Education; 3) Informal Education; 4) Different Kinds of Formal Education

Informal and formal education

Education includes different kinds of learning experiences. In its broadest sense, we consider education to be the ways in which people learn skills, gain knowledge and understanding about the world and about themselves. One useful scheme for discussing education is to divide these ways of learning into two types: informal and formal.

Informal education involves people in learning during their daily life. For example, children learn their language simply by hearing and by trying to speak themselves. In the same informal manner, they learn to dress themselves, to eat with good manners, to ride a bicycle, or to make a telephone call. Education is also informal when people try to get information or to learn skills on their own initiative without a teacher. To do so, they may visit a bookshop, library or museum. They may watch a television show, look at a videotape or listen to a radio programme. They do not have to pass tests or exams.

We consider formal education to be the instruction given at different kinds of schools, colleges, universities. In most countries, people enter a system of formal education during their early childhood. In this type of education the people who are in charge of education decide what to teach. Then learners study those things with the teachers at the head. Teachers expect learners to come to school regularly and on time, to work at about the same speed as their classmates, and to pass tests and exams. Learners have to pass the exams to show how well they have progressed in their learning. At the end of their learning learners may earn a diploma, a certificate or a degree as a mark of their success over the years.

The school system of all modern nations provides both general and vocational education. Most countries also offer special education programmes for gifted or for physically or mentally handicapped children. Adult education programmes are provided for people who wish to take up their education after leaving school. Most countries spend a large amount of time and money for formal education of their citizens.

General and Vocational Education

General education aims at producing intelligent, responsible, well-informed citizens. It is designed to transmit a common cultural heritage rather than to develop trained specialists.

Almost all elementary education is general education. In every country primary school pupils are taught skills they will use throughout their life, such as reading, writing and arithmetic. They also receive instruction in different subjects, including geography, history etc. In most countries almost all young people continue their general education in secondary schools.

The aim of vocational education is primarily to prepare the students for a job. Some secondary schools specialize in vocational programmes.

Technical schools are vocational secondary schools where students are taught more technical subjects, such as carpentry, metalwork and electronics. Technical school students are required to take some general education courses and vocational training. Universities and separate professional schools prepare students for careers in such fields as agriculture, architecture, business, engineering, law, medicine, music, teaching etc.

Higher Education in Russia

Russia’s higher education system started with the foundation of the universities in Moscow and St. Petersburg in the middle of the 18^th century. The system was constructed similar to that of Germany. In the Soviet times, all of the population in Russia had at least a secondary education. The pursuit of higher education was and still is considered to be very prestigious. More than 50% of people have a higher education.

Russians have always shown a great concern for education. The right to
education is stated in the constitution of the Russian Federation. It’s ensured by compulsory secondary schools, vocational schools and higher education establishments. It is also ensured by the development of extramural and evening courses and the system of state scholarships and grants. Education in Russia is compulsory up to the 9th form inclusive. If a pupil of secondary school wishes to go on with education, he or she must stay at school for two more years. Primary and secondary schools together comprise 11 years of study. Every school has a «core curriculum» of academic subjects. After finishing the 9th form one can go on to a vocational school which offers programmes of academic
subjects and a programme of training in a technical field, or a profession. After
finishing the 11th form of a secondary school, a lyceum or a gymnasium one can
go into higher education. All applicants must take competitive exams. Higher
education institutions, that is institutes or universities, offer a 5-years’ programme
of academic subjects for undergraduates in a variety of fields.

Due to great demands of the international educational organizations, the
system of education in Russia began to change over the past years. Universities
began transitioning to a system similar to that of Britain and the USA: 4 years for
the Bachelor’s degree (the first university level degree which is equivalent to the
B.Sc. degree in the US or Western Europe) and 2 years for a Master’s degree
(postgraduate higher education which is equivalent to a Master’s Degree (M.Sc,
M.A.)) in the US or Western Europe. The Bachelor’s degree programmes last for at
least 4 years of full-time university-level study.

The programmes are elaborated in accordance with the State Educational
Standards which regulate almost 80% of their content. The other 20% are
elaborated by the university itself. The programmes include professional and
special courses in Science, the Humanities and Social-economic disciplines,
professional training, completion of a research paper/project and passing of State
final exams. Having obtained the Bachelor’s degree, students may apply to enter the Master’s programme or continue their studies in the framework of the
Specialist Diploma programmes. The Bachelor’s degree is awarded after defending
a Diploma project prepared under the guidance of a supervisor and passing the
final exams. Holders of the Bachelor’s degree are admitted to enter the Specialist
Diploma and Master’s degree programmes.

Access to these programmes is competitive. The Master’s degree is awarded
after successful completion of two-years’ full-time study. Students must carry out a 
one-year research including practice and prepare and defend a thesis which
constitutes an original contribution and sit for final examinations. Nowadays as the
system of higher education in Russia is going through a transitional period, the
universities are still in the process of these changes; some of them offer the new
system of education while others still work according to the prior 5-year system.

1. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:

система высшего образования, среднее образование, защитить диплом (дипломную работу), заочная и вечерняя формы образования, гуманитарные дисциплины, обязательный, государственные экзамены, степень, профессиональные курсы, точные (естественные) науки, выпускные экзамены, завершение (окончание), специальные курсы, академические предметы, считаться престижным, практика.

2. Find in the text the synonyms to the following words:

to begin, to continue, disciplines, basis, thanks to, to be the same, research project, guidance, to suggest.

3. Find in the text the antonyms to the following words:

to start, exclusive, equivalent, to fail an exam, to graduate, to unchanged.

Unified State Exam

This type of examination was adopted recently. It is a test which is passed at
the end of 9th and 11th form. It consists of three parts: part A contains tasks where
the student has to pick out the correct answer out of several, in part B the correct
answer should be written in one word, and no variants are given, and in Part C the
student has to write the full solution (as in mathematics) or a composition (as in
literature).

The answers are written on special blanks, digitally scanned, with parts
A and B being checked automatically by the computer software.

An excellent score ranges, depending on the subject, from 65 (mathematics)
to 90 (foreign language) out of 100. What’s good for students of 11th form is that now they do not have to pass both their final school exams and entrance exams at a 
university.

The score of several subjects is summed up; this total score is the basis
of accepting a student at a university. Students now also have a chance to apply at
several universities and choose one after they get to know if their score is enough
to enter this or that university.

1. Where can you get a vocational education?

2. Are there any entrance exams?

3. What are the minimum entrance requirements?

5. How long is the course?

6. What qualifications (degrees) are given at the end of the course?

For or against exam

For

Against

Passing an exam or an examination shows that the candidate can handle problems and communicate effectively; these are important qualities required in the workplace. Exams value your memories and your skills and ability to understand what you are studying. They make you prepare before hand. They also force you to be specific and focused, as time is limited in most exams. Examinations have changed a lot in the past 20 years; most include coursework they help to test an important range of skills. The mental effort of preparation for examinations is valuable; no harm is done to anyone. Without the discipline of examinations, teachers could fail to cover some important topics. Modern examination boards have sophisticated «moderation» systems for ensuring that marking is done fairly. In addition, most examinations include orals, so a student’s result does not depend completely on written work.

Examinations test only a limited range of skills; they favor people who have a good memory and good «exam techniques» even though they may not be very original or imaginative. They are stressful and useless. Exams should be abolished, they cause too much stress which some people can’t handle. Because of this many people fail their exam. Examinations depress students and deaden their initiative. Teachers can become less creative when they are forced to «teach to the exam». Examinations are set as if all children have reached the same mental level at the same age. However, psychologists and educationalists agree that this is not so. Research has proven that different examiners grade student papers differently. Even, the same examiner will often give different marks to the same paper after a few months.

EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN

1. New words

compulsory – обязательный

playgroup – прогулочная группа

pre-primary – дошкольный

establishment – организация, учреждение

non-state – негосударственный

Local Educational Authorities (LEA) – местная образовательная организация

caters for – заботиться

assessment test – оценочный тест

comprehensive school – единая средняя школа

General Certificate of Secondary Education examinations (GCSE) — сертификат о среднем образовании

boarding school – интернат

mixed – смешанный

single-sex – однополый

2. Read and translate the text.

Education in the United Kingdom is compulsory from the age of five to sixteen. Children under five go either to nursery schools, or to playgroups. Both types of pre-primary educational establishments are non-state; the difference is that a child spends the whole day in a nursery school, while he or she can stay in a playgroup only for some hours a day. Anyway, the main aim of such kind of establishments is to make the children ready for primary schools. Children play, draw, model things from clay and learn to work together.

Compulsory education for all children begins at the age of five. There are 35,000 state schools in Britain. All of them are the responsibility of the Local Educational Authorities (LEA). The LEA caters for the curriculum and exams in each region; they also appoint head teach­ers and held assessment tests at schools.  

Primary school is for children from five to eleven. At first the studies are more like playing than working; English teachers say that this is the best way for children to get used to school. Probably they are right: children learn better when they play. Lessons usually last from nine in the morning till four or five in the afternoon with a long break at the lunchtime.

At the age of eleven pupils go to comprehensive schools. Children usually wear a uniform; it is different in different schools. They study Maths, English, Arts, English Literature, Geography, one or two foreign languages, usually French, Italian or German, PE (Physical Education), IT (Information Technology), Religion, Science, Biology, Sex Education and other subjects.

At the end of their studies they take General Certificate of Secondary Education examinations (GCSE) 0-level, and then they either leave school and start working or continue their studies at school or at college for two more years. This is called the sixth form at school or the sixth form college, and the students take only the subjects they need for entering the university of their choice.  

At the age of eighteen they take GCSE А-level. They usually take three or four А-levels. There are no entrance exams to universities, so the students can enter a university or a college on the results of their А-level examinations.             Speaking about education in the UK it is necessary to say that there is a great difference between state education and private education. State schools are free, and about ninety per cent of all children attend them. Private, or public schools are very expensive. These are usually boarding schools, where children stay while they study, coming home only on vacations. These schools are for children between thirteen and eighteen. Before entering a public school children are usually educated at home. State schools are usually mixed, while private schools are typically single-sex, with a few exceptions.

Answer the questions:

1. From what age is education in the United Kingdom compulsory?

2. What are the establishments for pre-primary education?

3. What is the difference between nursery schools and playgroups?

4. How many state schools are there in Great Britain?

5. What does the LEA do?

6. At what age do children go to primary schools?

7. What subjects do children take in secondary schools?

8. What kind of exam do the pupils take at the age of sixteen?

9. When do the pupils take GCSE A-level?

10. Are there any entrance exams in British universities?

3. Exercises

№1. Give the Russian equivalents of the following words and word combi­nations:

Local Educational Authorities; primary school; comprehensive school; secondary school; Art; English Literature; Information Technology; General Certificate of Secondary Education examinations; A-level; О-Level; state education; private education; public schools; boarding schools; mixed

№2. Give the English equivalents of the following words and word combi­nations:

обязательный; до пяти лет; или … или; детский сад; лепить; учебный план; директор; больше похоже на … ; школьная форма; иностранные языки; продолжать обучение; подготовительный класс колледжа; бесплатный; каникулы

№3. Make up sentences using the following table:

At the age of

3 5 11 16 18

pupils children

go to take

nursery schools. GCSE 0-level. playgroups. Secondary schools. primary schools. GCSE A-level.

№4. Write out the words from the text with suffixes and use them in the sentences of your own.

№5. Compare British and Russian schools. Speak on the following:

• age of admission to schools;

• term of compulsory education;

• subjects;

• exams;

• uniform;

• admission to colleges and universities.

№6. Match the words 1-10 with the definition a-j:

1. a day school	a. a school for pupils between the ages of 11 or 12 and 17 or 18
2. a special needs school	b. a school for children between the ages of 5 and 11
3. a boarding school	c. a school suitable for the majority of children
4. a mainstream school	d. a school in Britain for children aged between 11 and 18 who have a high academic ability
5. a secondary/ senior school	e. a state school in which children of all abilities are taught together
6. a private school	f. a school for children who need special help or care, for example because they are physically or mentally disabled
7. a college	g. a school which is not supported financially by the government and which parents have to pay for their children to go to
8. a primary school	h. a school where the students go home every evening and do not live at the school
9. a grammar school	i. an institution where students study after they have left school
10. a comprehensive school	j. a school which some or all of the pupils live in during the school term

№7. Fill in the blanks with the following words:

boarding; run; comprehensive; year; graduates; facilities; mixed; public

Mike goes to a … school in Birmingham. He is thirteen and is in his third … now. His parents wanted to send him to a … school but Mike was against it. He likes his school and his studies, and he thinks that if he went to a … school, he would miss his home. The school he goes to is …. . Mike has a lot of friends at school among both boys and girls. The

classes … from nine am till quarter past four pm. Mike’s favorite subject at school is IT. He says he wants to become a programmer when he … . Besides, he is fond of sports. He plays football and volleyball. The school he goes to has excellent sports …. .

Read, translate and act out the following dialogue.

Dialogue 1

Danil: Hi, Andrew! Are you in a hurry? Let’s revise the material for the English classes.

Andrew: Hi, Danil! With pleasure. As far as I remember we are to get information about the educational system in the UK.

Danil: You are absolutely right. First of all, we should memorize that the system of education in Britain is divided into three stages: primary, secondary, and further education.

Andrew: And don’t forget that there are state and private schools in the UK.

Danil: Good for you. But, you see, about 93 per cent of British children go to state-assisted schools. As far as I know, both primary and secondary education, between the ages of 5 and 16, is compulsory in Britain.

Andrew: Yes, I agree with you. And at the age of 15 or 16 pupils take an examination called the General Certificate of Secondary Education, abbreviated GCSE …

Danil: Sorry for interrupting you. I want to add, that most pupils, who stay in school beyond the age of 16, prepare for the General Certificate of Education examination at Advanced level, A level. It is abbreviated GCE. Well, and what about higher education?

Andrew: I know exactly, that British universities are not part of the public system of education.

Danil: Right! They are independent corporations, but they are mainly supported by public funds.

Andrew: And have you heard about the Open University?

Danil: Yes, it is unique in providing degree courses by correspondence for students working in their own homes. They are supported by books and broadcasts.

Andrew: Oh, you know so much about it.

Danil: Thanks for your assistance.

Andrew: It was no trouble at all.

Read and learn the poems:

There was a young student named Bessor

Whose knowledge grew lesser and lesser.

At the end of the fall,

He knew nothing at all,

And today he’s a college professor.



One Thing at A Time

Edith Segal

Work while you work,

Play while you play,

That is the way

To be happy and gay.

All that you do

Do with your might.

Things done by halves

Are never done right.

One thing at a time

And that done well,

Is a very good rule

As many can tell.

Discuss famous educational quotes and sayings:

Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning.
Albert Einstein

What sculpture is to a block of marble, education is to the soul.
Joseph Addison

The education of a man is never completed until he dies.
Robert E. Lee

The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.

Aristotle

Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.

Nelson Mandela

Listening

CAMBRIDGE

Watch the video and choose the correct answer (2,40)

1. How many colleges are there in Cambridge?

a) over 30 b) over 50 c) over 80

1. Which one of the buildings stands out among the others?

a) King´s College b) St. May´s College c) St. Andrew´s College

1. How long did it take to build?

a) 500 years b) 300 years c) 100 years

1. Who founded Trinity College?

a) John II b) Henry VIII c) William I

1. What is the name of the river which flows through Cambridge?

a) Cam b) Ram c) Pam

1. What is going punting?

a) walking b) taking a boat – having a picnic

1. How old is Pembroke College?

a) 600 b) 200 c) 700 years old

1. Who built many of the buildings in Cambridge and also built St. Paul´s Cathedral in London?

a) Sir Paul Newton b) Sir Christopher Wren c)Sir Paul Newman

Texts for reading

Study Abroad

Today, studying abroad is an important part of education of modern and successful people, which we have tried to make the most accessible. Every year hundreds of thousands of students and pupils choose this path to knowledge. What is so appealing about education abroad and how does it differ from education in one’s own country?

Advantages of study abroad

The international recognition of diplomas and degrees, the opportunity to stay and work in the country after graduation, higher starting salaries for graduates of foreign universities. The student receives not only a foreign university diploma, but also gains invaluable experience in learning, communication and living in an international environment that will benefit him throughout his life, making him more adaptable to the requirements of a rapidly changing world with its processes of globalization and growing competition.

Studying abroad has always been considered not only prestigious and of high quality, but also a good investment in the future. This is the starting point on the path to build a successful career as well as internship opportunities and employment abroad. Education for foreign students is offered by more than 17,000 Universities around the world. On our site you will find a variety of educational programs abroad: from short summer programs to elite language courses for business people, from vocational secondary education to doctoral programs. We can select for you an educational program for all ages and levels of command of foreign language.

Language courses abroad

Learning English in an English spoken country is the most effective method, which guarantees the best result. Foreign language schools offer the most advanced techniques, where in fact, there is a complete immersion in the environment. Students use foreign language not only in the classroom but also in host families, in public transports, museums and restaurants — everywhere. Learning a language becomes more than just a language course. This is also cultural studies, intercultural communication and exchange of experiences with students from different countries; it is an opportunity to visit the theater premieres, sports and interesting exhibitions. Language schools help their students to feel that they are part of the city and enjoy cultural events of the country.

Thus, in these 4-6 weeks of language courses abroad people do “language jerk”, which is achieved sometimes after years of study when staying at home. Those who learn “academic English” or other languages on specialized training courses (preparation for university) achieve even greater results.

Preparation for University abroad

Practically, more than half of applicants for admission to foreign universities right after graduating from high school in their countries need to go through a special preparatory course before university. Such training programs are held in many foreign universities and help future students to adapt to the unusual rhythm of life and the environment, and to prepare for further study at the university. The basis for preparation includes learning a foreign language to the required level, adapting to life abroad and study of special subjects. After passing these courses, most foreign universities enroll their students in the first year of bachelors program without entrance examinations.

Higher education abroad

Graduate and post-graduate education abroad, as well as vocational education is a phenomenon that is becoming more common every year. It’s not that only because education is becoming more accessible, but that the choice of programs and the countries in which you can study are increasing.

However, the education system of each country has its own peculiarities. Different countries and different universities have their own rules of admission, their own rules of registration, their own admission requirements and deadlines. Without these features, you can just «flunk» the entire process, while being one hundred percent «pass-through» applicant.

Options of admission to a university abroad:

• After completing high school abroad;

• Direct admission after high school graduation in the country of residence;

• After special preparatory training programs for admission to university;

• Transfer program from your university to a university abroad.

Each of the above listed options of admission corresponds to a certain set of requirements, compliance with which is mandatory when considering application to a selected institution.

Professional courses abroad

The modern economy has elements of continuous process of integration. We witness the manifestations of this process in, for example, international companies actively fighting for leading positions in the world economy. An increase in demand by employers is a consequence of these changes. One of the most effective methods of increasing staff qualification is studying abroad. For ambitious young professionals, it is not only a chance to improve their professional skills, but also a real opportunity to achieve the required level of language proficiency. For people who want to improve their professional level and business skills, we offer different types of certificate programs and professional courses. These programs allow you, in a short time, to get not only new knowledge and skills, but also to confirm them with international diplomas and certificates. Learning in these courses requires a high level of knowledge of the foreign language (usually above average), otherwise, prior to training it is necessary to take a language course.

Programs are practical and allow immediate use of the acquired knowledge and skills at work. After completion, there is a possibility to undergo an internship in companies abroad. Today, graduates from universities abroad are having a huge advantage entering in the top management of leading local and international companies or getting a good job in their area of expertise.

Read the text and do the test.

Dear friend,

I want to tell you about my school. My name is Henry White. I’m twelve. I go to school in Greentown, a small town near London, where I live. I’m in the seventh form.

School starts at nine o’clock in the morning. We have three lessons of forty minutes in the morning. After the third lesson we have a break of an hour and a half for dinner. I take a packed lunch. My friends don’t take their packed lunch, they go to our school dining-room.

We come to school after the dinner break at half past one. Then we have three lessons with a break of ten minutes after the second lesson. During the breaks we play or walk on the school playground.

School ends at ten minutes past four. Some children stay at school after lessons for clubs: music, drawing and other. We don’t go to school on Saturday and on Sunday.

Tuesday is not a good day for me at school. We have Maths and French. They are not my favourite subjects. We also learn English, History, Geography, Physics, Biology, Physical Education, Music and Arts. I like History and P.E. a lot.

That is all for today. I hope to hear from you soon.

Yours, Henry.

Test.

1. Henry lives in …

1. London

2. a small town

3. a village

1. Henry is … years old.

1. 10

2. 11

3. 12

1. Usually Henry has got … lessons.

1. three

2. five

3. six

1. … is not a good day for him.

1. Tuesday

2. Thursday

3. Friday

1. Henry’s favorite subjects are …

1. History and Maths

2. Biology and P.E.

3. History and P.E.

EDUCATION IN THE USA

1. New words

responsibility – ответственность, обязанность

demand – требования, запросы

nation-wide — общенациональный

consider – рассматривать, учитывать

undergraduate — бакалавриат

freshman year – первый курс

sophomore year – второй курс

Humanities – гуманитарные науки

junior year – предпоследний курс

senior year – последний курс

Bachelor’s degree – степень бакалавра

Master’s Degree – степень магистра

2. Read and translate the text.

Education in the United States

There is no federal educational standard in the USA. Schooling and educational programmes are the responsibility of each state; this is why one can find great differences in education from state to state. No uniform demands exist on education in schools or universities through­ out the nation. In most states attending school is obligatory for children between six and seventeen. Secondary education institutions include elementary schools and high schools.

Higher education in the USA is not nation-wide. Colleges differ a lot from each other in scale and level of education as well as in the “quality” of diplomas given. There are private and state universities. Private education is considered more prestigious. The most famous pri­vate university is Harvard. Higher education is rather expensive in the USA.

A typical American university has two levels of education: two years of undergraduate classes and two more years of graduate classes. The undergraduate years are called the freshman and the sophomore year.

During the first and the second year the students take subjects of gen­eral education: Science, Humanities and Arts. The specialization begins at the third and the fourth years, named the junior and the senior year respectively. After the fourth year at college, students get a Bachelor’s degree. Graduates may specialize further and do research. They get a Master’s Degree.

3. Exercises

№1. Give the English equivalents of the following words and word combina­tions:

федеральный стандарт образования; учебные и образователь­ные программы; универсальные требования; начальная школа; средняя школа; считается более престижным; самый известный; довольно дорогое; первый курс; второй курс; третий курс; четвер­тый курс; общеобразовательные предметы; специализация; сте­пень бакалавра; степень магистра

№2. Agree or disagree:

1. The system of education in the USA works according to the national standard.

2. Admission to elementary and high schools is free.

3. State universities are more prestigious than private ones.

4. The course in a typical American university lasts five or six years.

5. Sophomore is the second year in a university.

6. The specialization begins at the first year of studies in a university.

№3. Make up ten questions on the text.

№4. Compare education in the United States and in Russia.

№5. Fill in the blanks using the suffixes that correspond to the words given.

1. The … begins at the third and the fourth years.	SPECIALIZE
2. In most states attending school is … for children between six and seventeen.	OBLIGATE
3. Private … is considered more prestigious.	EDUCATE
4. Students at junior high school take different lessons from different … who are specialists in their subjects.	TEACH
5. Students study other subjects, such as history and geography and are given a chance to do … activities and sports.	CREATE

№6. Compare educational system in Russia, in the UK and in the USA. Answer the questions and fill the table.

№	Questions	Russia	The UK	The USA
	Who is responsible for organizing the educational system?
	What stages is formal education divided into?
	What stages of formal education are compulsory?
	Are there private schools in the country?
	In what types of schools can children get general education?
	In what types of educational institutions can people get vocational education?
	In what types of educational institutions can people get higher education?
	What are the specific features of the educational system in the country?

№7. Make up your story about ideal college using the plan:

1. Type of school (boarding, day)

2. Hallmarks of the school (emblem, anthem, motto)

3. Grade system (years)

4. Sex (single, mixed)

5. Uniform (YES, NO, why?)

6. Discipline (strict, soft, loyal)

7. Fee (free of charge, expensive, partly)

8. Scholarships/awards (what for?)

9. Perspective (enter sth, get a job of…)

Read, translate and act out the following dialogue.

-Hi

-Hi

-I want to talk about higher education in the United States. What is the difference between colleges of universities?

-The main difference between a college and a University is that the latter is a collection of colleges, each of which specializes in a different field.

-I know that in America 1900 universities, 1200 of them are private. Education every year becomes more expensive.

-American high school offers a wide variety of courses such as economics, chemistry and physics, Latin, humanities, or automotive mechanics.

— Students classified as freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors. Then they are classified as advanced students or graduate students.

-At the end of a university or College provides Bachelor ‘s, master’s or Doctor of Sciences (PhD).

-After graduating from high school, the majority of graduates have to go to public and private employment agencies to get any work.

Read and translate the proverbs and sayings.

1. Learning is the eye of the mind.

2. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

3. Men learn while they teach.

4. If all good people were clever and all clever people were good, the world would be nicer than ever.

Read and discuss with your groupmates:

Elementary school

THE SCHOOL YEAR/DAY

The school year runs from early September to the following June. Students attend daily from Monday to Friday. The school day in elementary school usually lasts from about 8,30 a.m. to 3.30 p.m., though kindergarten children usually attend for only half the day.

TEACHER/HOMEWORK

Students spend most of the day with their class. The class is taught most of the time by the same teacher, except a gym class, music or art. Students rarely have homework until they reach the final grades of elementary school, and even then there is very little.

RECESS/LUNCH

The school day is divided into various sections and in the morning and the afternoon students have recess, a time when they can go outside and play, for about 15 minutes. In the middle of the day students eat lunch, either a meal prepared by their parents or a hot meal which they buy from the school. The rest of the lunch period is free and spent playing.

THREE Rs

The traditional subjects for elementary school students are called the three Rs: reading, writing, and arithmetic. In addition, the students study other subjects, such as history and geography and are given a chance to do creative activities and sports.

Junior High School and High School

Different teachers/ classes to choose

Students at junior high school take different lessons from different teachers who are specialists in their subjects. Students are required to study certain subjects, but they can choose which classes they take. For example, studying a science for three years, they can choose whether to take chemistry, physics or biology. There are also many subjects that students can choose to do or to drop, without any limits at all.

More independence and responsibility

An important part of junior high school and high school is, for many students, the increasing amount of independence and responsibility they are given. Students in high school have special names: ninth-grade students are called freshmen; tenth-graders are sophomores; students in the eleventh grade are juniors, and those in the twelfth grade are seniors. As students go through these levels, they expect to have more and more freedom. Part of it comes from being away from home for longer, and having to travel further to school. Many students go to school in a school bus which picks them up near their homes and takes them back again in the evening. At the age of 16, when most Americans learn to drive, students often go to school in their own car.

Summer sessions/clubs

There are additional summer sessions which enable students to catch up with work they have missed or to take a course they did not have time for during the year.

After school, students can choose from many extra-curricular activities. These include joining clubs based on a particular interest, e.g. chess, computers, acting or cooking, working on the school newspaper or playing in a sports team. A teacher from the school spends time with each group, but as students get older they are expected to organize and run things themselves.

PSAT/SAT/Diploma

There are 2 important ones taken by American students: PSAT (Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test) – an examination that high school students take, mostly to practice for SAT examination; and SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) – a standard test which students must pass in order to be accepted by most colleges and universities. It tests abilities in language and mathematics and is usually taken during the last year of high school. When students graduate from high school they receive a diploma.

Homecoming/Prom

During the school year there are important social activities. In the autumn homecoming, the day when former students return to the school, is celebrated with a big football game and a dance. The most important dance of the year is the Prom which is held near the end of the school year. Students take special care to find the right clothes for this event, which is usually limited to juniors and seniors. Younger students are very pleased if they have the chance to go as the guest of an older student.

Read and learn the poem:

The brain is wider than the sky,

For, put them side by side, 
 
The one the other will contain

With ease, and you beside. 



The Brain is deeper than the sea,

For, hold them blue to blue,

The one the other will absorb

As sponges – buckets – do.

The brain is just the weight of God,

For, heft them pound for pound,

And they will differ, if they do,
As Syllable from Sound.

Emily Dickinson

******

I’m so much more than just a … teacher

I am a counselor and psychologist to a problem-filled child,

I am a police officer that controls a child gone wild.

I am a travel agent scheduling our trips for the year,

I am a confidante that wipes a crying child’s tear.

I am a banker collecting money for a ton of different things,

I am a librarian showing adventures that a storybook brings.

I am a custodian that has to clean certain little messes,

I am a psychic that learns to know all that everybody only guesses.

I am a photographer keeping pictures of a child’s yearly growth,

When mother and father are gone for the day, I become both.

I am a doctor that detects when a child is feeling sick,

I am a politician that must know the laws and recognize a trick.

I am a party planner for holidays to celebrate with all,

I am a decorator of a room, filling every wall.

I am a news reporter updating on our nation’s current events,

I am a detective solving small mysteries and ending all suspense.

I am a clown and comedian that makes the children laugh,

I am a dietitian assuring they have lunch or from mine I give them half.

When we seem to stray from values, I become a preacher,

But I’m proud to have to be these people because …

I’m proud to say, “I am a teacher”.

Read and disscuss:

Rules for students

1872

1. Respect your schoolmaster. Obey him and accept hispunishments.

2. Do not call your classmates names or fight with them. Love an help each other.

3. Never make noises or disturb your neighbours as they work.

4.Be silent during classes. Do not talk unless it is absolutely necessary.

5.Do not leave your seat without permission.

6. No more than one student at a time may go to the washroom.

7. At the end of class, wash your hands and face. Wash your feet if they are bare.

8. Bring firewood into the classroom for the stove whenever the teacher tells you to do this chore.

9. Go quietly in and out of the classroom.

10. If the master calls your name after class, straighten the benches and tables. Sweep the room, dust, and leave everything tidy.

Texts for reading

1

The system of education in the USA varies greatly from state to state. School education in so called state public schools is free. Parents are free to choose any public school for their children. Although there are a lot of private schools, mainly religious, and parents have to pay for them. A school year starts in September and ends in June. It is divided into three terms or four quarters. 

American children start attending elementary schools at the age of 6. They continue their studies for eight years there (8 grades). Their basic subjects in the curriculum at this stage are English, Arithmetic, Natural Science, History, Geography, Foreign Language and some others. After that pupils may enter a Senior high school or if they go to a 5- or 6-year elementary school, they then attend a 3- or 4-year Junior high school, and then enter a Senior high school. Pupils graduate from high schools at the age of 18. The high schools (also known as secondary schools) are generally larger and accommodate teenagers from four or five elementary schools. During the school year the students study four or five selective subjects according to their professional interests. They must complete a certain number of courses to receive a high school diploma or a certificate of school graduation.

In order to develop social skills and encourage students’ participation in extracurricular activities every high school has an orchestra, a music band, a choir, drama groups, football, basketball and baseball teams. School becomes the centre of social life for students.

At American colleges and universities young people get higher education. They study for 4 years and get a Bachelor’s degree in arts or science. If a student wants to get a Master’s degree he must study for two more years and do a research work. Students who want to advance their education even further in a specific field can pursue a Doctor degree. The most famous American universities are Harvard, Princeton, Stanford, Yale, Columbia Universities.

2

In the United States, the approach varies from state to state. Most of the vocational courses are offered by community colleges. Historically, high schools have offered some vocational courses, such as home economics, typing, and auto repair, though schools have put more emphasis on academic subjects for all students because of educational reform standards.

Most colleges operate under a policy of “open admission”. This means that anyone with a high school diploma may attend, regardless of prior academic status or college entrance exam scores.

The “open admission” policy results in a wide range of students attending college classes. Students range in age from teenagers to working adults who are taking night classes to complete a degree or gain additional skills in their field. There are also students with graduate degrees who enroll to become more employable or to pursue lifelong interests.

The first type of study is to get an associate’s degree, in which a student earns the qualification after a two-year course. This degree coincides with jobs that require some level of college education but not a full four-year degree. The associate’s degree programme is also for students who are planning to obtain a bachelor’s degree at a four-year college. It allows them to complete the necessary “core” requirements before they enter the four-year college.

The second type of study provides certification in an area of training to become, for example, a computer repairperson, a medical technician, or a translator. Such certification allows for better job opportunities in many areas, as well as hiring preference or higher salary status when entering the workplace.

ENGLISH IN THE WORLD

1. New words

foreign – иностранный

language – язык

efficient – эффективный

per cent – процент

commerce – торговля

integrating – интеграция

urgent – необходимый, срочный, неотложный

2. Read and translate the text.

At the present time foreign languages are socially demanded. Foreign languages are needed as the main and the most efficient means of information exchange of the people of our planet. The question of learning foreign languages is very important today.

English is just one of 6,000 languages in the world. One billion people speak English. That’s 20 per cent of the world population. It is also one of the leading languages in the world. About 350 million people speak English as their first language. About the same number use it as a second language. It is the language of aviation, international sport and pop music.

English is the official language in 44 countries, where it is used in education and administration. They are Great Britain, Canada, the United States of America, Australia, New Zealand and some other countries. In many countries it is the language of business, commerce and technology. English is the language of modern computing.

Nearly 50 per cent of all the companies in Europe communicate with each other in English. 75 per cent of the world’s mail is in English, too. Standard English is not completely uniform. There are differences between the national standards in Britain, America and Australia.

Russia is integrating into the world community and the problem of learning English for the purpose of communication is especially urgent today. English is very popular in international business of Russia. It is studied at schools, colleges and universities.

Answer the questions:

1. What is the role of English among other foreign languages?

2. How many people speak English?

3. Why has English become a world language?

4. Where is English an official language?

5. Why are millions of people learning English today?

6. Why do young people want to learn English?

7. Why do you learn English?

8. What is necessity of learning English for a specialist?

9. In what careers (jobs) can languages be a tremendous advantage?

10. What do we need foreign languages for?

11. What is the best way to learn a language?

12. What is the most important thing for you in learning a foreign language?

13. Is your written English better than your spoken English?

14. What is your mother tongue?

3. Exercises

№1. Write sentences.

Example: Ann is from Spain.

Theo Franchesco Jane Ivan

Laila Barbara Paula Takashi

№2. Use your dictionary and write the nationalities.

England, Germany, Italy, Japan, Brazil, Spain, Scotland, France, the USA, Wales, Switzerland, China, Mexico, Russia, Ireland, Australia, Canada, Sweden, Poland, Turkey.

№3. Make sentences according to the model:

Tokyo is the capital of Japan.

Amsterdam, Havana, Dublin, Madrid, Paris, Rome, Kiev, Sofia, Warsaw, Budapest, Athens, Washington, Teheran, Bucharest, Baghdad, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Oslo, Stockholm.

№4. Complete the sentences with one word from each column.

Example: Cadillac is an American car.

A	B	C
a an	American international French Swiss English Japanese German Italian	camera city composer university language car watch drink

1) Cadillac is …

2) A Rolex is …

3) Champaign is …

4) English is …

5) Milan is …

6) Bach is …

7) A Kodak is …

Oxford is…

№5. Write 7 words for every category: Continents, Countries, Cities

Russia, South America, London, Madrid, Africa, Great Britain, Asia, the USA, Tokio, Rome, Spain, Europe, China, North America, Antarctica, Moscow, Japan, Pekin, Australia, Italy, Washington.

Read and translate the following dialogue:

What did you find most challenging about learning English?¹

Ivar Ingimarsson: Well, obviously it’s always just getting the hang of new words and everything. For me, you know, the spelling and everything is far more difficult than actually speaking it but that’s probably mostly to do with practice.

Petr Cech: The written language is different in the newspapers because it is the proper English and um, it’s um … sometimes you can find the words that you don’t understand. The worst to learn is the expressions, because here I think a lot of people use the expressions and you can’t translate it anyway because sometimes you try to, I tried to translate it and it was impossible to understand what does it mean.

Dirk Kuyt: The most difficult to learn is maybe the, the accent here in Liverpool and I hope I will learn it in the coming few years.

Mido: I think it’s the … the pronounce of the words, you know, ’cause I think a lot of people can speak English but they just pronounce words the wrong way and er … it’s about the accent.

Sun Jihai: Some words you cannot find out … dictionary. You know, like erm … Mancunian, Scouser … I’m sorry, I don’t know that’s rude or … you know, that mean … you cannot find out from the dictionary, you know, sometimes I cannot understand some words like … er … boot, the end of a car – when he says, I can put the coat in the boot … I say … boot? You know the boot … you know its set means … what means boot? He says … you know, he pointed for me – oh I remember … He helped me a lot.

Task 1 – Challenges: True or False?

Read the statements and decide if they are true or false. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false. 1. _______ Ingimarsson says that speaking and spelling are difficult.

2. _______ Cech says that newspapers contain proper English.

3. _______ Kuyt finds ‘Scouse’ difficult.

4. _______ Sun can’t find some words in the dictionary.

5. _______ Mido thinks that lots of people pronounce words badly.

6. _______ Cech says that expressions are easy to translate.

7. _______ Sun still doesn’t understand the two meanings of ‘boot’

Task 2 – Challenging regions

Match the nicknames for the people to the regions of the UK in which they live.

Brummie Cockney Geordie Mackem Mancunian Scouser Tyke

1. __________________ Newcastle

2. __________________ Manchester

3. __________________ Liverpool

4. __________________ London

5. __________________ Birmingham

6. __________________ Sunderland

7. __________________ Yorkshire

Read the poem:

English language is known world wide

From all languages that were collide

English is known everywhere

It is great to use it anywhere

Upholding English to everyone

Speaking in English is very fun

Don’t be shy and show your greatness

Use it when showing competitiveness

Speaking in English is as good as gold

The language of English we need to uphold

It’s very fun when you come to think of it

When you’re with your friends who also loves it

When you go to any country

This is the language of everybody

Being expressed in different place

Different accents on different place

The English language is my proficiency

Never be shy and express it freely

Just be confident and you’ll be okay

Uphold English Proficiency and have a great day

Geneen Meyers

Texts for reading

The English Language

The English language is derived from the West-German group of Indo-European languages. English is spoken and used as the primary language in Great Britain, Ireland, Canada, the United States of America, Australia, New Zealand, Belize, and is partially used in South Africa and India. English is one of five languages accepted by the OOH. The roots of the English language are found in Old German tribes that migrated to the British Isles during the fifth and sixth centuries. The complex interaction of the Germanic adverbs with the native Celtic tribes led to the development of regional dialects. During the ninth and tenth centuries, the increasing economic and political power of the Wessecs Kingdom led to it becoming the predominate dialect.

The introduction of Christianity in the sixth century led to the adoption of the Latin alphabet, replacing the Germanic runes, and Latin influence began to appear in the English language. Scandinavian encroachment led to a series of skirmishes, culminating in the defeat of the British and the installment of a Danish king in 1016, with many Scandinavian settlements spread throughout the country. The interaction of Scandinavian and English can still be seen in some modern English words, and may also account for the accents found in northern England.

As the modern English nation formed, the English language developed based around the London dialect, which itself originated from southern and central-western dialects. The introduction of the printing press to London in 1476 promoted the London dialect throughout the country, helped by the popularity of writers such as D. Choler (1340-1400).

From the mid-seventeenth century into the eighteenth century, rules began to be issued for the normalization of English. These rules were divided into two parts; the first was based on the thought of rational grammar, and the second concerned the use of spoken English.

Colonization by the English in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries led to the distribution of English into new regions of the world, resulting in the creation of new dialects.

The origin of the American dialect can be traced back to the original settlers, who came from the London region. This dialect was then modified by the influx of settlers from northern Great Britain and Ireland. The differences between American and British English are mostly found in lexicology and phonetics, with grammar having few differences.

Varieties of English

As English has spread, so has it changed, and there are now several recognised varieties of English. While the English spoken in Britain’s former «white» colonies — the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand — is still very similar to British English, and differs from it only in matters of vocabulary and phraseology, the English spoken in the West Indies and in countries such as India where English is the second language can be very different in syntax and grammar.

American English, for example, has been influenced by American Indian languages, by Spanish, and by the languages of all the ethnic groups that have emigrated to the US over the years. But it still understood without difficulty by speakers of British English. Indeed, many «Americanisms» — words or phrases which originated in America — have been assimilated back into British English; words such as skunk (American Indian), canyon, banana, potato (Spanish) or expressions such as to take a back seat, to strike oil, to cave in.

Other words — automobile, cookie, crazy, highway, mail, movie, truck — still have’an American flavour but are increasingly used by speakers of British English. A few words — remain decidedly American, as do some forms of spelling (color — colour, theatre — theatre, tire tyre).

Australian English also has its own «home-grown» words, some of which have made their way into international English (boomerang, budgerigar), though others (cobber = friend, sheila = girl, tucker = food, dinkum = good) remain distinctively Australian.

Приложение 1

Vocabulary

education — the process of teaching and learning in a school or college, or the knowledge that you get from this

further education — education at a college for people who have left school but are not at a university

higher education — education at a college or university

teaching — the job of being a teacher

learning — the process of getting knowledge or a new skill

knowledge – information and understanding that you have in your mind

crèches — a place where babies and young children are looked after while their parents do something

school — a place where children go to be educated

a nursery school — for children under 5

an infant school (BE) — for children aged 5 to 7

a primary school (BE), an elementary school (AE) — for children up to 11

a secondary school (also a high school (BE)) — for children from 11 to 16 or 18

a high school (AE) — a school for students aged 14 to 18

vocational school — a school where students learn skills that involve working with their hands

lyceum — the name for a type of secondary school in several countries

gymnasium — the name for a type of secondary school in Russia › the name for a type of secondary school in several countries

a school where students learn skills that involve working with their hands

a state school (BE), a public school (AE) — a school that gets its money from the government

a private school (also a public school (BE)) — a school where students pay to study

somebody’s old school — the school someone went to when they were young

a local school — a school near where someone lives

a boarding school — a school where children also live and sleep

a day school — a school where children go during the day but go home in the evenings

a comprehensive school (BE) — a secondary school for all children

a grammar school (BE) — a secondary school for children who have passed an exam when they are 11

graduate school — a college or a college department where students who already have a first degree are taught

college — a school for advanced education, especially in a particular profession or skill

go to (a) college – Ex: After university I went to drama college for a year.

attend (a) college formal — Ex: He was the first person in his family to attend college.

finish (at) college — Ex: What are you going to do when you finish art college?

an art/music/drama college — Ex: The Music College was founded in 1869.

an agricultural/secretarial/technical etc college — Ex: I wanted a job in farm management so I went to agricultural college.

a teacher training college — where you learn to be a teacher

a military college — where you learn to be an officer in the army

a Further Education/FE college (BE) — where adults can go to study, especially part-time

a tutorial college (BE) — where you can have private or small group lessons

a sixth form college (BE) — where students in Britain can go at 16, instead of a school

a college student/teacher/lecturer — a sixth-form college student

institute — an organization where people do a particular kind of scientific, educational, or social work

academy — an official organization which encourages the development of literature, art, science etc

campus — the land and buildings of a university or college, including the buildings where students live

hostel — a place where people can stay and eat fairly cheaply

Приложение 2

Пословицы, поговорки и идиомы по теме «Education»²

A fool may ask more questions in an hour than a wise man can answer in seven years.

Перевод: Умный семь лет не ответит на вопросы, которые дурак задаст за один час. Русский аналог: На всякого дурака ума не напасешься.

A fool may throw a stone into a well, which a hundred wise men cannot pull out. Перевод: ​Дурак в колодец камень закинет — сто умных не вытащат.

Русские аналоги: Дурак завяжет — и умный не развяжет. Умный не всегда развяжет, что глупый завяжет.

A fool always rushes to the fore.

Перевод: Дурак всегда лезет вперед.

Русский аналог: Глупый ищет большого места, а умного и в углу видать.

A fool at forty is a fool indeed.

Перевод: Дурак в сорок лет окончательно дурак.

Русский аналог: Старого дурака не перемолаживать.

A nod from a lord is a breakfast for a fool.

Перевод: Для дурака кивок лорда, всё равно что завтрак.

Русский аналог: Дадут дураку честь, так не знает, куда и сесть.

A fool’s tongue runs before his wit.

Перевод: Дурак сперва говорит, а потом думает.

Русские аналоги: У дурака язык наперед ума рыщет. У дурака язык впереди ног бежит.

A silent fool is counted wise.

Перевод: Молчаливый дурак сходит за умника.

Русский аналог: Молчи — за умного сойдешь.

A wise man changes his mind, a fool never will.

Перевод: Умный меняет свое мнение, дурак же — никогда.

Русские аналоги: Упрямство — порок слабого ума. Хоть кол на голове теши, а он всё свое.

A wager is a fool’s argument.

Перевод: Биться об заклад — довод дурака.

Русский аналог: Спорь до слез, а об заклад не бейся.

A word is enough to the wise.

Перевод: Умному и слова довольно.

Русские аналоги: Умный понимает с полуслова. Умному свистни, а он уже смыслит. Умному — намек, глупому — толчок.

An ounce of discretion is worth a pound of learning.

Перевод: Унция осторожности не хуже фунта ученья.

Русский аналог: Одним глазом спи, а другим береги.

As the fool thinks, so the bell clinks.

Перевод: Дурак думает, что стоит ему захотеть, и колокол зазвонит.

Русские аналоги: Дуракам закон не писан. Дуракам закон не писан, если писан — то не читан, если читан — то не понят, если понят — то не так.

By doing nothing we learn to do ill.

Перевод: Ничего не делая, мы учимся дурным делам.

Русские аналоги: Праздность (безделье) — мать всех пороков. На безделье всякая дурь в голову лезет.

Give a fool горе enough, and he will hang himself.

Перевод: Дай дураку веревку, он и повесится.

Русский аналог: Попроси дурака богу молиться, он себе лоб расшибет.

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

Перевод и русский аналог: Кто рано ложится и рано встает, здоровье, богатство и ум наживет.

Every man has a fool in his sleeve.

Перевод: У всякого в рукаве дурак сидит.

Русские аналоги: На всякого мудреца довольно простоты. Безумье и на мудрого бывает.

Experience is the mother of wisdom.

Перевод: Жизненный опыт—мать мудрости.

Русские аналоги: Не спрашивай умного, а спрашивай бывалого. В бедах человек умудряется.

Experience keeps a dear school, but fools learn in no other.

Перевод: Опыт достается дорогой ценой, но дураков ничто иное не научит.

Русский аналог: Натерпишься горя — научишься жить.

Fool’s haste is no speed.

Перевод: Спешка дурака — не скорость.

Русский аналог: Поспешишь — людей насмешишь.

Fools and madmen speak the truth.

Перевод: Глупцы и безумцы правду говорят.

Русские аналоги: Всяк правду знает, да не всяк ее сказывает. Не все говори, что знаешь. У дурака что на уме, то и на языке.

Fools grow without watering.

Перевод: Дураки растут без поливки.

Русские аналоги: Дураков не орут, не сеют — они сами родятся. Дураков не сеют, они сами родятся.

Fools never know when they are well.

Перевод: Дураки никогда не знают, когда им хорошо.

Русский аналог: Дураку все мало. Дураку все не так.

Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.

Перевод: Дураки лезут туда, куда боятся ступить даже ангелы.

Русские аналоги: Дуракам закон не писан. Дуракам закон не писан, если писан — то не читан, если читан — то не понят, если понят — то не так.

Не knows best what good is that has endured evil.

Перевод: Лучше всех знает, что такое добро тот, кто испытал зло.

Русский аналог: Не отведав горького, не узнаешь и сладкого.

Не knows how many beans make five.

Перевод: Он знает, сколько бобов в пяти штуках.

Русский аналог: Он себе на руки топора не уронит. Он себе на уме.

Не who is born a fool is never cured.

Перевод: Дураком рожденный — от дурости не излечится.

Русские аналоги: Горбатого могила исправит. Дураком родился — дураком помрешь.

Не that lives with cripples learns to limp.

Перевод: Тот, кто живет с калеками, научится и хромать.

Русский аналог: С кем хлеб-соль водишь, на того и походишь.

Не works best who knows his trade.

Перевод: Лучше всех работает тот, кто знает свое дело.

Русский аналог: Дело мастера боится.

If things were to be done twice all would be wise.

Перевод: Если бы можно было все делать вторично, все были бы мудрецами. Русский аналог: Задним умом всяк крепок.

It is never too late to learn.

Перевод: Учиться никогда не поздно.

Русские аналоги: Для ученья нет старости. Век живи, век учись.

Learn to creep before you leap.

Перевод: Прежде чем прыгать, научись ползать.

Русские аналоги: Не все сразу.

Learn to say before you sing.

Перевод: Сначала научись говорить, а петь потом будешь.

Русские аналоги: Азбуки. не знает, а читать садится. Не все сразу.

Little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

Перевод: Недостаточное знание — вещь опасная.

Русские аналоги: Недоученый хуже неученого. Всякое полузнание хуже незнания. Live and learn.

Перевод: Живи и учись.

Русский аналог: Век живи — век учись.

Might goes before right.

Перевод: Сила опережает правду.

Русский аналог: Кто силен, тот и умен.

No man is wise at all times.

Перевод: Нет человека, который всегда поступал бы мудро.

Русские аналоги: На всякого мудреца довольно простоты. Безумье и на мудрого бывает. И на большие умы живет промашка. Человека без ошибок не бывает.

То come away none the wiser.

Перевод: Уйти, так ничего и не узнав (не поняв).

Русский аналог: Уйти несолоно хлебавши.

Too much knowledge makes the head bald.

Перевод: От чрезмерного знания голова лысеет.

Русский аналог: Много будешь знать — скоро состаришься.

The devil knows many things because he is old.

Перевод: Дьявол многое знает, потому что он стар.

Русский аналог: Старый волк знает толк.

Wise after the event.

Перевод: Умный после дела.

Русские аналоги: Задним умом крепок. Догадался, как проигрался.

Zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse.

Перевод: Рвение без знания все равно, что лошадь, закусившая удила.

Русские аналоги: Усердие не по разуму приносит вред. Рвение без учения — не польза, а беда.

Список рекомендуемой литературы по изучаемой тематике

1. Агабекян И.П. Английский язык для средних специальных заведений. Серия «Учебники и учебные пособия» — Ростов н/Д: «Феникс»,2001 – с.145, с.255

2. Голубев А.П.: Английский язык: Учеб. пособие для студ. сред. проф. учеб. заведений. – 2-е изд., испр. – М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2006 – с.246

3. Колесникова Н.Н. Английский язык для менеджеров= English for

Managers: учебник для студ. сред. проф. учеб. заведений – 3-е изд.,стер. – М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2008 – с.5, с.78 у.3, с.79 у.4

4. Карпова Т.А. English for colleges=Английский язык для колледжей: учебное пособие/ Т.А.Карпова. – 9-е изд., перераб. и доп. – М.: КНОРУС, 2013 – с.91 у.33, с.194 у.34

5. Английский язык/ А.С. Восковская, Т.А. Карпова. – Изд. 14-е, стер. – Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2014 – с.135 у.34

1 www.britishcouncil.org

2 http://thelang.ru/node/227

Give the Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations:
imply great responsibility; model of behaviour; classroom climate; constant process; mutual respect; shaping a child’s character; to foster; to be well equipped for
помогите сделать задание

Светило науки — 33 ответа — 253 помощи

Заключать в себе большую ответственность; модель поведения; «климат» в классе («погода» в классе); постоянный процесс; взаимоуважение; формирование характера ребенка; способствовать; быть хорошо оснащенным (чем-нибудь).

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