Conditional Sentences
Online Quizzes |
Conditional Sentences Exercise-1 |
Conditional Sentences True-False Quiz-1 |
Conditional Sentences True-False Quiz-2 |
Conditional Sentences True-False Quiz-3 |
Conditional Sentences / If – Clauses Type I , II and III |
Conditional Sentences Examples |
Conditional Sentences Exercise-2 |
Conditional Sentences Exercise-3 |
Conditional Sentences Exercise-4 |
Exercise-1
Complete the sentences with the verb in the parentheses.
1. If I have enough apples, I (bake) an apple pie this afternoon. |
2. If I had enough apples, I (bake) an apple pie this afternoon. |
3. I will fix your bicycle if I (have) a screwdriver of the proper size. |
4. I would fix your bicycle if I (have) a screwdriver of the proper size. |
5. I (make) a tomato salad for the picnic tomorrow if the tomatoes in my garden are ripe. |
6. I (make) a tomato salad for the picnic tomorrow if the tomatoes in my garden were ripe. |
7. Jack would shave today if he (have) a sharp razor. |
8. Jack will shave today if he (shave) a sharp razor. |
9. Sally always answers the phone if she (be) in her office. |
10. Sally would answer the phone if she (be) in her office right now. |
11. I (not be) a student in this class if English (be) my native language. |
Answers
1. will bake | 5. will make | 9. is |
2. would bake | 6. would make | 10. were |
3. have | 7. had | 11. would not be … were |
4. had | 8. has |
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Exercise-2
Complete the sentences with the verb in the parentheses.
1. If I (have) enough money, I will go with you. |
2. If I (have) enough money, I would go with you. |
3. If I (have) enough money, I would have gone with you. |
4. If the weather is nice tomorrow, we (go) to the zoo. |
5. If the weather were nice today, we (go) to the zoo. |
6. If the weather had been nice today, we (go) to the zoo. |
7. If Sally (be) at home tomorrow, I am going to visit her. |
8. Jim isn’t home right now. If he (be) at home right now, I (visit) him. |
9. Linda wasn’t at home yesterday. If she (be) at home yesterday, I (visit) her. |
10. If I (be) were you, I would buy a new bicycle. |
11. If my train (be) is late, I will take a taxi. |
12. He would have been a doctor now, if he (wad finished) his medical studies. |
13. I could understand your friend from Italy if he (spoke) more slowly. |
14. If you (went) to London, might see the Queen. |
15. What would you do if you (lived) here all the time, as we do? |
Answers
1. have | 6. would have gone | 10. were |
2. had | 7. Is | 11. is |
3. had had | 8. were … would visit | 12. had finished |
4. shall / will | 9. had been … would | 13. spoke |
5. would go have visited | 14. went | 15. lived |
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Exercise-3
Write a sentence with if…
Example: We don’t visit you very often because you live so far away. — If you didn’t live so far away, we’d visit you more often.
1. He doesn’t speak very clearly – that’s why people don’t understand him.— If he __, people __. |
2. That book is too expensive, so I’m not going to buy it. — If the book __, I __ . |
3. We don’t go out very often because we can’t afford it. — If we __ . |
4. It’s raining, so we can’t have lunch in the garden. — If it __ . |
5. I have to work tomorrow evening, so I can’t meet you. – If I . |
6. If you __ a wallet in the street, what would you do with it? (find) |
7. I must hurry. My friend will be annoyed if I __ on time. (not/be) |
8. I didn’t realise that Gary was in hospital. If I __ he was in hospital, I would have gone to visit him. (know) |
9. If the phone __, can you answer it? (ring) |
10. I can’t decide what to do. What would you do if you __ in my position? (be) |
11. If you __ enough money to go anywhere in the world, where would you go? (have) |
12. I’m glad we had a map. I’m sure we would have got lost if we __ time. (not/have) |
13. The accident was your fault. If you __ more carefully, it wouldn’t have happened.(drive) |
14. I can’t take much exercise because I don’t have enough free time. If I . |
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Answers
1. spoke … would understand | 8. had known |
2. weren’t… would buy | 9. phone rings |
3. could afford … would go out | 10. were |
4. weren’t raining … could have lunch | 11. had you |
5. didn’t have to work … could meet | 12. hadn’t thad |
6. found | 13. had driven/had been driving |
7. am not | 14. had / could |
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Exercise-4
Fill the gaps in the sentences using the words given.
1. If I had more money, __ (you/marry) me? |
2. He wouldn’t help you if__ (he/not/like) you. |
3. __ (you/find) the machine is quite simple to operate if you look at the manual. |
4. __ (your parents/not/be) proud if they could see you now? |
5. If__ (I/not/revise) thoroughly, I may fail my test. |
6. If you wanted to buy someone a really good present, what sort of thing __ (you/look for)? |
7. You’d have a lot more friends if__ (you/not/be) so mean. |
8. How __ (you/feel) if you were in my position? |
9. Would you change your job if__ (you/can)? |
10. If I __ (not/ arrive), they wouldn’t have known what to do. |
11. If I __ (lend) you this book, will you take great care of it? |
12. If road travel __ weren’t (not/ be) cheaper than rail travel in this country, we wouldn’t have so many traffic jams. |
13. If we __ (don’t protect) wild life now, there will be nothing left for future generations. |
14. If people (had realised) that smoking was dangerous when they were young, they wouldn’t be having serious health problems now. |
15. If she __ (hadn’t failed) that exam, she wouldn’t have met her future husband. |
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Answers
1. would you marry me | 9. you could |
2. he didn’t like you | 10. hadn’t arrived |
3. You’ll find | 11. lend |
4. Wouldn’t your parents be proud … | 12. weren’t |
5. I don’t revise | 13. don’t profect |
6. would you look for | 14. had realised |
7. you weren’t | 15. hadn’t failed |
8. would you feel |
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Exercise-5
Put the verb into the correct form.
Example: If I knew (know) her number, I would telephone her. I wouldn’t buy (not buy)
that coat if I were you.
1. I (give) you a cigarette if I had one but I’m afraid I haven’t. |
2. This soup would taste better if it (have) more salt in it. |
3. If you (not go) to bed so late every night, you wouldn’t be so tired all the time. |
4. I wouldn’t mind living in England if the weather (be) better. |
5. I’d help you if I (can) but I’m afraid I can’t. |
6. If I were you, I (not marry) him. |
7. We would happily buy that house if it (not be) so small. |
8. If you (go) to bed earlier, you wouldn’t be so sleepy in the morning. |
9. She (lose) weight, if she ate fewer sweets. |
10. If the meat (be) a little more done, this would be an excellent meal. |
11. This apartment (be) perfect if it were a little larger. |
12. If my daughter (be) here, I would be very happy. |
13. If you (find) a job abroad, would you take it? |
14. If I decided to apply, you (give) me a reference? |
15. What would happen to car manufacturers if we all (ride) bicycles? |
Answers
1. would give | 6. wouldn’t marry | 11.would be |
2. had | 7. weren’t | 12.were |
3. didn’t go | 8. went | 13. found |
4. were | 9. would lose | 14. would give |
5. could | 10.were | 15. rode |
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Exercise-6
Put the verb into the correct form.
Example: They would be rather offended if I didn’t go to see them. (not/go)
1. If you took more exercise, you __ better. (feel) |
2. If I were offered a job, I think I __ it. (take) |
3. I’m sure Amy will lend you the money. I’d be very surprised if she __ . (refuse) |
4. If I sold my car, I __ much money for it. (not/get) |
5. A lot of people would be out of work if the factory __ . (close down) |
6. What would happen if I __ that red button? (press) |
7. Liz gave me this ring. She __ very upset if I lost it. (be) |
8. Mark and Carol are expecting us. They would be disappointed if we __. (not/come) |
9. Would Tim mind if I __ his bicycle without asking him? (borrow) |
10. If somebody __ in here with a gun, I’d be very frightened. (walk) |
11. I’m sure Sue __ if you explained the situation to her. (understand) |
Answers
1. would feel | 5. closed down / were | 8. didn’t come |
2. would take closed down | 9. borrowed | |
3. refused | 6. pressed | 10.walked |
4. wouldn’t get | 7. would be | 11. would understand |
Exercise-7
Put the verb into the correct form.
Example: If I knew his number, I would phone him. (know)
1. I __ that coat if I were you. (not/buy) |
2. I __ you if I could, but I’m afraid I can’t. (help) |
3. We would need a car if we __ in the country. (live) |
4. If we had the choice, we __ in the country. (live) |
5. This soup isn’t very good. It __ better if it weren’t so salty. (taste) |
6. I wouldn’t mind living in England if the weather __ better. (be) |
7. If I were you, I __ . (not/wait) I __ now. (go) |
8. You’re always tired. If you __ to bed so late every night, you wouldn’t be tired all the time. (not/go) |
9. I think there are too many cars. If there __ so many cars (not/be), there __ so much pollution. (not/be) |
Answers
1. wouldn’t buy | 5. would taste | 8. didn’t go |
2. would help | 6. were | 9. weren’t… wouldn’t |
3. lived | 7. wouldn’t wait… be | |
4. would live would go |
Exercise-8
Write a sentence with if for each situation.
Example: I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t eat anything. — If I’d been hungry, I would have eaten something.
1. The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly. — If the driver in front __ . |
2. I didn’t know that George had to get up early, so I didn’t wake him up. — If I __ . |
3. I was able to buy the car only because Jim lent me the money. |
4. Margaret wasn’t injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt. |
5. You didn’t have any breakfast — that’s why you’re hungry now. |
6. I didn’t get a taxi because I didn’t have any money on me. |
7. I didn’t know you were in hospital. If__ (I/know), __ (I/go) to visit you. |
8. Ken got to the station in time to catch his train. If__ (he/miss) it, __ (he/be) late for his interview. |
9. It’s good that you remind me about Arm’s birthday. __ (I/forget) if__ (you/not/remind) me. |
10. Unfortunately, I didn’t have my address book with me when I was in New York. If __ (I/have) your address, __ (I/send) you a postcard. |
11. I took a taxi to the hotel but the traffic was very bad. __ (It/be) quicker if__ (I/walk). |
12. I’m not tired. If__ (I/be) tired, I’d go home now. |
13. I wasn’t tired last night. If__ (I/be) tired, I would have gone home earlier. |
Answers
1. If the driver in front hadn’t stopped so suddenly, the accident wouldn’t have happened. |
2. If I’d /1 had known that George had to get up early, I’d/I would have woken him up. |
3. If Jim hadn’t lent me the money, I wouldn’t have been able to buy the car / … I couldn’t have bought the car. |
4. If Margaret hadn’t been wearing a seat belt, she’d / she would have been injured. |
5. If you’d / you had had (some) breakfast, you wouldn’t be hungry now. |
6. If I’d /1 had had some money on me, I’d /1 would have got a taxi. |
7. If I’d known I would have gone to visit you. |
8. he’d missed / he had missed … he would have been / he’d have been |
9. I wouldn’t have forgotten / I’d have forgotten … you hadn’t reminded |
10. I’d had /1 had had … I’d have sent /1 would have sent |
11. It wouldn’t have been … I’d walked /1 had walked |
12. I was/I were |
13. I’d been tired /1 had been tired |
Exercise-9
Complete the sentences.
Example: Liz is tired all the time. She shouldn’t go to bed so late. — If Liz didn’t go to bed so late, she wouldn’t be tired all the time.
1. It’s rather late. I don’t think Ann will come to see us now. I’d be surprised if Ann __ . |
2. I’m sorry I disturbed you. I didn’t know you were busy. If I’d known you were busy, I__. |
3. The dog attacked you, but only because you provoked it. If__ . |
4. I don’t want them to be upset, so I’ve decided not to tell them what happened. They __if__. |
5. Unfortunately, I didn’t have an umbrella and so I got wet in the rain. I __ . |
6. Martin failed his driving test last week. He was very nervous and that’s why he failed. If he__ . |
Answers
1. came |
2. wouldn’t have disturbed you |
3. If you hadn’t provoked the dog, it wouldn’t have attacked you. |
4. They would be upset if I told them what happened /… what had happened |
5. I wouldn’t have got (so) wet if I’d had an umbrella. |
6. If he hadn’t been (so) nervous, he wouldn’t have failed. |
Exercise-10
Fill in the blanks a suitable word. (A) will (B) won’t (C) would (D) wouldn’t
1. What __ you do if you won lots of money? |
2. If the students were studying, __ you disturb them? |
3. If you make so much noise, I __ be able to sleep. |
4. They __ have to hurry or they __ miss the train. |
5. They __ have missed the last bus if they had hurried. |
6. If I were you, I__buy a new bicycle. |
7. If she had locked all the doors, the burglars __ have got in. |
8. If my train is late, I __ take a taxi. |
9. He must build a strong boat, otherwise he __ be able to sail round the world. |
10. If you are a good girl, I __ buy you some chocolate. |
11. I __ finish the work if you don’t help me. |
12. If only they __ arrive on time. |
13. You __ understand unless you listen carefully. |
14. If he hadn’t cut his finger, it __ have hurt for weeks. |
15. I __ gave you $5 if you do me a favour. |
16. If Chris didn’t fall in love with Jane, he __ give her flowers. |
Answers
1. ? | 2. ? | 3. ? | 4. A, A | 5. D | 6. ? | 7. D | 8. A |
9. ? | 10.? | 11.B | 12.C | 13.? | 14.D | 15.A | 16.D |
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Exercise-11
Correct mistakes in these sentences.
1. If he studied more, he would have been able to pass the exam. |
2. He would have signed his name in the corner, if he painted that picture. |
3. Ben would have studied medicine if he were admitted to a medical school. |
4. If water freezes, it has become a solid. |
5. If you put too much water in rice when you cook, it got sticky. |
6. If Jim’s family meet Karen, I am sure that they would like her. |
7. If we had the money, we would have bought a new stereo system. |
8. If Barbara was really my friend, she would call me once in a while. |
9. If children be healthy, they learn to walk at about eighteen months old. |
10. If they have a good sale, I would have stopped by on my way home. |
11. If you made your bed in the morning, your room looks better when you got back in the afternoon. |
12. If the neighbors hadn’t quieted down, I would have have to call the police. |
13. If Mr. Harris is single, I could introduce him to my sister. |
14. If orange blossoms are exposed to very cold temperatures, they withered and died. |
15. We will wait if you wanted to go. |
16. If Judy didn’t drink so much coffee, she wouldn’t have been so nervous. |
Answers
1. had studied | 9. are healthy, they will learn |
2. had painted | 10.will stop |
3. had been admitted | 11. would look better |
4. becomes / will become | 12.would have had |
5. will get sticky | 13.were single |
6. met | 14. wither and die |
7. had had the money | 15. want to go |
8. were really my friends | 16. wouldn’t be so nervous |
Exercise-12
Define whether the sentences below are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). Correct mistakes.
1. If he had not tried to jump over the stream, he would not break his leg. |
2. If he would be taller, he would be a good basketball player. |
3. If my apartment would be larger, I would not have to move. |
4. If he was ready, we would begin the lesson. |
5. If classes had finished sooner, I would have gone to Kanada last month. |
6. If Betty would have driven more carefully, she would not have that accident. |
7. If I will finish studying, I will go to the movies with you. |
8. If the king had known the truth, he would have been very angry. |
9. If Bob had practiced playing tennis more, he will not have lost the game. |
10. If he had been here earlier, I would have saw him. |
11. If I had seen him, I would have reminded him about his appointment. |
12. If you will take a trip this summer, where will you go? |
13. If Bob had received his check on time, he had certainly bought a new suit. |
14. If she were the only person available, we would have to hire her. |
15. If she had told me that she did not have enough money, I would pay for her trip last summer. |
Answers
1. F, … he would not have broken … | 9. F, … he would not have lost… |
2. F, … he were taller … | 10. F, … I would have seen him. |
3. F, … my apartment were larger … | 11. ? |
4. F, … he were ready | 12. F, … you take a trip … |
5. T | 13. F, … he would certainly have bought |
6. F, … Betty had driven … … . | 14.T |
7. F, … I finish studying … | 15. F, … I would have paid |
8. T |
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Exercise-13
Write sentence with I wish ….
Example: I don’t know many people (and I’m lonely). I wish I knew more people.
1. I can’t give up smoking (but I’d like to). I wish I __ . |
2. I haven’t any cigarettes (and I need one). I wish __ . |
3. George isn’t here (and I need him). I wish George __ . |
4. It’s cold (and I hate cold weather). I wish __ . |
5. I live in London (and I hate London). I __ . |
6. Tina can’t come to the party (she’s your best friend). I __ . |
7. I have to work tomorrow (but I’d like to stay in bed). __ . |
8. I don’t know anything about cars (and my car has just broken down). __ . |
9. I’m not lying on a beautiful sunny beach (and that’s a pity). __ . |
10. Annie doesn’t now how to dance. She __ . |
11. I don’t have a key (and I need one). I wish __ . |
12. Ann isn’t here (and I need to see her). |
13. I live in a big city (and I don’t like it). |
14. I can’t go to the party (and I’d like to). |
Answers
1. I wish I could give up smoking. |
2. I wish I had a cigarette/some cigarettes. |
3. I wish George were here. |
4. I wish it weren’t so cold. |
5. I wish I didn’t live in London. |
6. I wish Tina could come to the party. |
7. I wish I didn’t have to work tomorrow. |
8. I wish I knew something about cars. |
9. I wish I were lying on a beautiful sunny beach. |
10…. wishes she knew how to dance. |
11. I had a key. |
12. I wish Ann were here. |
13. I wish I didn’t live in a big city. |
14. I wish I could go to the party. |
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Exercise-14
Put the verbs in the parentheses into the correct form. Example: I feel sick. I wish I hadn’t eaten so much cake. (I/not/eat)
1. I’m fed up with this rain. I wish __ raining. (it/stop) |
2. It’s a difficult question. I wish __ the answer. (I/know) |
3. I should have listened to you. I wish __ your advice. (I/take) |
4. I wish __ here. She’d be able to help us. (Ann/be) |
5. Aren’t they ready yet? I wish __ . (they/hurry up) |
6. It would be nice to stay here. I wish __ to go now. (we/not/have) |
7. When we were in London last year, we didn’t have time to see all the things we wanted to see. I wish __ more time. (we/have) |
8. It’s freezing today. I wish __ so cold, I hate cold weather. (it/not/be) |
9. What I said was stupid. I wish __ anything. (I/not/say) |
10. It was a terrible film. I wish __ to see it. (we/not/go) |
11. You’re always tired. I wish __ to bed so late. (you/not/go) |
12. My brother is in California on vacation, but I wish he (to be) here so that he could help me repair my car. |
1. it would stop | 7. we had had |
2. I knew | 8. it weren’t |
3. I had taken | 9. hadn’t said |
4. Ann were | 10. I hadn’t gone |
5. they would hurry up | 11. you wouldn’t go/didn’t go |
6. we didn’t have | 12. were |
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Exercise-15
Write a sentence with I wish … for each situation. Example: You’ve eaten too much and now you feel sick. — I wish I hadn’t eaten so much.
1. There was a job advertised in the newspaper. You decided not to apply for it. Now you think that your decision was wrong. |
2. When you were younger, you didn’t learn to play a musical instrument. Now you regret this. |
3. You’ve painted the gate red. Now you think it doesn’t look very nice. |
4. You are walking in the country. You would like to take some photographs but you didn’t bring your camera. |
5. You have some unexpected guests. They didn’t tell you they were coming. You are very busy and you are not prepared for them. You say (to yourself): —. |
1. I wish I had applied for it. |
2. I wish I had learned to play a musical instrument. |
3. I wish I hadn’t painted it red. / … painted the gate red. |
4. I wish I had bought my camera. |
5. I wish they had told me they were coming. /I wish I had known they were coming. |
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Exercise-16
Define whether the sentences below are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
Correct mistakes.
1. I wish Sarah would be here now. |
2. I wish you would listen to me. |
3. I wish I would have more money. |
4. I wish it wouldn’t be so cold today. |
5. I wish the weather would change. |
6. I wish you wouldn’t complain all the time. |
7. I wish everything wouldn’t be so expensive. |
8. I wish that it was true. |
9. Bill wishes that she were more interested in his work. |
10. I wish that he were here. |
11 .Gary wishes that he wasn’t working on Sunday. |
12. She wishes that the trip is over. |
1. F, I wish Sarah were here now. | 7. F, I wish everything weren’t so expensive |
2. T. | 8. F, I wish that it were true |
3. F, I wish I had more money. | 9. T |
4. F, I wish it weren’t so cold today. | 10.T |
5. T | 11. F, weren’t |
6. T | 12. F, were over |
Exercise-17
Complete each sentence using as if.
1. Brian is a terrible driver. He drives __ the only driver on the road. |
2. I’m 20 years old, so please don’t talk to me __ a child. |
3. Steve has only met Nicola once but he talks about her __ a close friend. |
4. It was a long time ago that we first met but I remember it __ yesterday. |
5. Norman doesn’t know everything, but he talks __ everything . |
6. I’m not a child, but sometimes you talk to me __ a child. |
7. She doesn’t know me, so why did she smile at me __ . |
8. He’s not my boss, but sometimes he acts __ . |
9. Josh is treated fairly but he felt __ . |
10. The Brownes are just as poor as we are, but they spend money __ millionaires. |
11. Sheila and Brendan aren’t even engaged yet, but Sheila talks about Brendan __ already married. |
1. as if he were | 5. as if he knew | 9. as if he were not |
2. as if I were | 6. as if I were treated fairly | 10. as if they were |
3. as if she were | 7. as if she knew | 11. as if they were |
4. as if it were | 8. as if he were |
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Exercise-18
Define whether the sentences below are TRUE(T) or FALSE(F).Correct mistakes.
1. They wish they were able to spend more time in London. |
2. My father wishes that he does not have to retire at sixty-five. |
3. The farmer wished that he does not lose money on his cotton crop. |
4. Abdulla wishes that his soccer team were the national champions. |
5. The doctor wishes that he has more free time to play golf. |
6. Each of her children wishes that he did not ignore the advice that she gave him. |
7. I wish that I was earning more money and working less time. |
8. My mother wishes that my father does more work around the house. |
9. We wish that we did not have to go to the library this Saturday. |
10. My friend Dorothy wishes she was still living in Paris. |
11. Steven wishes that he has a bigger apartment. |
12. Helen wishes that she did not live in a dormitory. |
13. The actor wishes he was not required to perform every evening. |
14. Ted wishes that he had not lost his job last month. |
15. Bob wishes that he bought that house last spring. |
16. I wish I was living in a warmer climate. |
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1. T 9. T | |
2. F, … he didn’t have to retire … | 10. F, … she were still living … |
3. F, … he had not lost money … | 11. F, … he had a bigger apartment… |
4. T | 12.T |
5. F, … he had more free time … | 13 .F, … he were not required … |
6. F, … he had not ignored … | 14. T |
7. F, … I were earning … | 15. F, … he had bought… |
8. F, … my father did more work … | 16. F, … I were living … |
- AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE AGREEMENT
Online Quiz
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
A. If a word or phrase in bold is correct, put a tick (✓). If it is incorrect, rewrite it correctly on the line.
1 Can you to speak French? …………………………..
2 I’ll can give you a hand tomorrow morning, if you like. …………………………..
3 I’ll can take my driving test after a few more lessons. …………………………..
4 Jack can play the guitar before he learnt to talk! …………………………..
5 If only I can afford to buy that top! …………………………..
6 We can have gone up the Eiffel Tower while we were in Paris, but we decided to go to the Louvre instead. …………………………..
7 I could get a more expensive computer, but it didn’t seem worth it. …………………………..
8 I wish I could get out of the maths test tomorrow! …………………………..
9 I bet you’d love to be can to get satellite TV. …………………………..
10 You’d better tell the coach if you can’t playing on Saturday. …………………………..
Answer
1 speak 2 ✓ 3 be able to
4 could/was able to
5 could/was able to
6 could 7 have got 8 ✓
9 able 10 play
B. Circle the correct word or phrase. If both options are correct, circle both.
1 Hello. Could / Can I speak to Mrs Johnson, please?
2 We could / were allowed to go home early yesterday because our teacher was ill.
3 The head teacher said we could / were allowed to go home.
4 Do you think I should / could be worried about these spots on my forehead?
5 You ought to / should enter that talent contest!
6 You couldn’t / shouldn’t talk to people like that! It’s rude!
7 Alan should write / have written two essays in the exam yesterday, not one!
8 No, you may / should not go out tonight. You know you’re grounded!
9 Diana should have waited / been waiting for me at the corner. I wonder where she went.
10 What were you doing in the park? You ought to have done / been doing your homework then!
11 Yes, of course you can / are able to open the window if you’re too hot!
Answer
1 Could/Can 2 were allowed to
3 could/were allowed to 4 should
5 ought to/should 6 shouldn’t
7 have written 8 may
9 waited/been waiting
10 been doing 11 can
C. Write a form of must, have to, need or need to in each gap to complete the sentences. If more than one possibility is correct, write all possibilities.
1 Oh, I ………………………… remember to get some potatoes on the way home tonight.
2 Jason ………………………… see the headmaster during the next break. I wonder what it’s about?
3 We ………………………… light lots of candles during the power cut two nights ago.
4 I’ll ………………………… start doing my Christmas cards soon. It’s nearly December.
5 Carl, you ………………………… run into the street like that without looking first. It’s dangerous!
6 People with solar-powered cars ………………………… worry about the price of petrol.
7 I wouldn’t like to ………………………… get up at five o’clock every morning.
8 We ………………………… do any washing-up after the picnic because we’d used disposable plates and cutlery.
9 Do professional musicians ………………………… practise every day?
10 I ………………………… have bothered cooking all that food; they’d eaten before they arrived.
Answer
1 must/(will) have/need to 2 has/needs to
3 had/needed to 4 have/need to 5 mustn’t
6 don’t/won’t have/need to 7 have to
8 didn’t have/need to 9 have/need to
10 needn’t
D. Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap.
1 His lights are on so I’m pretty sure Dan is at home. as
Dan ………………………………………… his lights are on.
2 Susie’s car’s not here so she’s almost certainly taking Dobber to the vet. be
Susie ………………………………………… Dobber to the vet since her car’s not here.
3 There’s no way that boy’s Simon. He’s much taller! boy
That ………………………………………… Simon. He’s much taller!
4 I’m certain the Winners don’t think we’re coming tonight; we arranged it for next Tuesday. expecting
The Winners ………………………………………… tonight; we arranged it for next Tuesday.
5 I bet you were exhausted after such a long journey! have
You ………………………………………… exhausted after such a long journey!
6 The only explanation is that Evan was on the phone to someone in Australia! talking
Evan ………………………………………… on the phones to someone in Australia!
7 There’s no way Casey won the disco dancing competition – he’s got two left feet! have
Casey ………………………………………… the disco dancing competition – he’s got two left feet!
8 I don’t believe Helen’s been trying to call us all day. The phone hasn’t rung once. been
Helen ………………………………………… to call us all day. The phone hasn’t rung once.
Answer
1 must be at home as
2 must be taking
3 boy can’t/couldn’t be
4 can’t/couldn’t be expecting us
5 must have been
6 must have been talking
7 can’t/couldn’t have won
8 can’t/couldn’t have been trying
E. Use the words in the box only once to complete the sentences in Table A. The meaning of the sentences in Table B will help you.
able • cannot • could • had • have • might • must
needn’t • mustn’t • ought • should • will
Table A |
Table B |
1 I ……………… have left my bag on the bus. |
expressing certainly |
2 In a few months, I’ll be ……………… to buy a car. |
expressing future ability |
3 I ……………… drive when I was thirteen years old! |
expressing past ability |
4 No, you ……………… have any more pocket money! |
refusing a request |
5 I think you ……………… consider a career in the armed forces. |
giving advice |
6 I ……………… forget to phone Julie tonight! |
expressing personal obligation |
7 I ……………… to have a filling at the dentist’s. |
expressing external obligation in the past |
8 You don’t ……………… to do Exercise D for homework. |
expressing a lack of obligation |
9 You ……………… have to work a lot harder if you want to get a good report. |
expressing future obligation |
10 They ……………… to arrive at about 8. |
expressing probability |
11 Sean ……………… have got stuck in traffic. |
expressing possibility |
12 I ……………… have worried so much about Jan’s present. She loved it! |
expressing a lack of past obligation |
Answer
1 must 2 able 3 could 4 cannot
5 should 6 mustn’t 7 had 8 have
9 will 10 ought 11 might 12 needn’t
F. Circle the correct answer.
1 …………… I have a look at those shoes in the window, please?
A Must B Would
C Should D Could
2 We …………… pay for the tickets as Josie won them in a competition.
A mustn’t B didn’t have to
C couldn’t D hadn’t to
3 You really …………… make such a mountain out of a molehill!
A can’t B won’t
C mightn’t D shouldn’t
4 You won’t …………… to connect to the Internet once you’ve got broadband as you’re online twenty-four hours a day.
A need B must
C ought D able
5 I hope we …………… find the cinema easily.
A could B may
C might D can
6 We couldn’t find a hotel room so we …………… sleep in the car. It was awful!
A must B should
C had to D could
7 We’d love to …………… afford to go on a round-the-world cruise.
A can B be able to
C will have to D have to
8 Fiona can’t …………… about the meeting. I reminded her this morning!
A forget B be forgetting
C have forgotten
D have been forgetting
9 She could …………… in the garage when we came round, which would explain why she didn’t hear the bell.
A work B be working
C have worked D have been working
10 You’ll …………… tell the police that your house was broken into.
A have to B must
C had to D should
Answer
1 D 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C 7 B 8 C 9 D 10 A
G. Write a modal or semi-modal in each gap to replace the phrase in brackets. Add any other words you need.
1 Bruce ………………………… (is able to) finish most crosswords in under ten minutes.
2 Charlotte didn’t get to the Craig David concert because she ………………………… (wasn’t able to) get tickets.
3 I ………………………… (had the opportunity to go) to Oxford but I decided to go to a more modern university.
4 You ………………………… (were wrong to tell) Angus. You know he can’t keep a secret!
5 If you have a cashpoint card, you ………………………… (are not forced to) go into the bank to get money from your account.
6 We ………………………… (were made to) apologise to the police for wasting their time.
7 That ………………………… (almost definitely wasn’t) the last can of soda in the fridge. I bought loads this morning!
8 ………………………… (Were you obliged to) talk about two photographs during the interview?
9 Children ………………………… (are not allowed to) be left unattended.
10 The weather ………………………… (will probably) be good tomorrow.
Answer
1 can 2 couldn’t 3 could have gone
4 ought not to/shouldn’t have told
5 don’t have/need to 6 had to
7 can’t/couldn’t have been
8 Did you have to
9 mustn’t/must not
10 ought to/should
H. Choose the correct answer.
Choosing a gym
Choosing to go to a gym regularly (1) …………… change your life for the better. Don’t let it be a decision you regret!
Good gyms have a lot to offer. They (2) …………… provide exercise equipment that is just too expensive to buy and their trained staff are (3) …………… to provide quality health and fitness advice. But if you’re planning to join a gym, you (4) …………… definitely ask to look round before you become a member. There are a number of things to bear in mind before choosing which gym to join.
Before the law changed a few years ago, anyone (5) …………… set up a gym and even today gyms (6) …………… employ trained fitness instructors. Find out what qualifications the staff have. If they’re untrained, it’s best to go elsewhere.
You (7) …………… be put off by the gym’s hard sell. Just because they want you to sign up – they want your money, after all – that doesn’t mean you (8) …………… decide there and then. See a few gyms before you make your final decision.
Ask yourself: What kind of equipment and facilities do they have? There’s little point joining a gym and then thinking a few months later, ‘I (9) …………… have chosen a gym with a pool.’ Do you (10) …………… book equipment in advance, or can you just turn up and use it? How busy does the gym get? It (11) …………… be very pleasant turning up to find there’s no room in the changing room and there’s a huge queue for each piece of equipment. It (12) …………… also be a good idea to talk to people who already go to that gym to find out their opinion.
1 A must B would C should D will have to
2 A can B could C would D must
3 A made B forced C allowed D able
4 A should B would C might D will
5 A can B could C might D may
6 A mustn’t B don’t have to C can’t D shouldn’t
7 A mustn’t B couldn’t C won’t D mightn’t
8 A can’t B can C would D have to
9 A ought to B must C have to D can’t
10 A able B must C have to D allowed
11 A won’t have to B doesn’t have to C mustn’t D won’t
12 A must B might C has to D ought to
Answer
1 C 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 B 6 B
7 A 8 D 9 A 10 C 11 D 12 B
I. Write one word in each gap.
When I broke my arm a week ago, I guess it (1) …………… to have hurt. But it didn’t! We were doing PE at school, and we were making a pyramid. We (2) …………… to stand on each other’s shoulders. I was right at the top. We (3) …………… have been doing it properly because suddenly the pyramid collapsed and we all fell. I landed on my arm.
Mr Jenkins (4) …………… have known immediately that I’d broken my arm because he sent someone to call an ambulance. ‘Sit still, and don’t move your arm at all until the ambulance comes,’ he said. I (5) …………… still remember the feeling – my arm was numb, and looked very strange, but there was no pain at all. I remember thinking: ‘It (6) …………… be broken. If it was broken, I’d be in agony.’ I suppose not feeling any pain (7) …………… have been because I was in shock.
The plaster (8) …………… come off in about three weeks but it (9) …………… have to stay on longer. It depends on whether the break has healed properly or not. The next three weeks may (10) …………… be the best three weeks of my life – no basketball, no playing in the playground, no swimming – but I’m counting my blessings. It (11) …………… have been a lot worse!
Answer
1 ought 2 had 3 can’t/couldn’t
4 must 5 can 6 can’t
7 may/might/could/must
8 should/could/may/might
9 could/may/might
10 not 11 could/might
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Complete each second sentence using the word given so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap.
1. Not many people came to the party. (Only)
There…………………………..people at the party.
2. The witness described the mugger to the police. (a)
The witness………………………..of the mugger.
3. There isn’t much sugar left. (a)
There…………………….sugar left.
4. I am thinking of becoming a firefighter when I leave school. (brigade)
I am thinking of……………………..when I leave school.
5. We were shocked by the news and I didn’t know what to do. (shocking)
The news………………………….didn’t know what to do.
6. There aren’t many good films out at the moment. (only)
There………………………………good films out at the moment.
7. I didn’t eat much dessert because I’m on a diet. (only)
I……………………………..dessert because I’m on a diet.
8. You have lots of hats! (lot)
What…………………………………………….you have!
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