German word for french

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of Standard French words and phrases deriving from any Germanic language of any period, whether incorporated in the formation of the French language or borrowed at any time thereafter.

Historical background[edit]

French is a Romance language descended primarily from the Gallo-Roman language, a form of Vulgar Latin, spoken in the late Roman Empire by the Gauls and more specifically the Belgae. However, northern Gaul from the Rhine southward to the Loire starting in the 3rd century was gradually co-populated by a Germanic confederacy, the Franks, culminating after the departure of the Roman administration in a re-unification by the first Christian king of the Franks, Clovis I, in AD 486. From the name of his domain, Francia (which covered northern France, the lowlands and much of Germany), comes the modern name, France. For a few centuries, sizeable minorities of Frankish speaking peasants held on to their native language, but in northern France they shifted to their own dialect of Gallo-Roman.[1]

The first Franks spoke Frankish, a Western Germanic language. As the Frankish Kingdom expanded under the reigns of Charles Martel and Pepin the Short, becoming the earliest Holy Roman Empire under Charlemagne, the common language differentiated into a number of mutually incomprehensible languages of Europe. The main division was between High German and Low German. The dividing zone was the Rhenish Fan. The Ripuarian and Carolingian Franks came to speak a form of Old High German. The Salian Franks spoke Old Frankish or Old Franconian, which later evolved into Old Dutch. The Franks in northern Gaul adopted their own version of Gallo-Roman, which became French.[2] France emerged after the heirs of Charlemagne divided the empire along linguistic lines.

In France, Germanic language continued to be spoken among the kings and nobility until the time of the Capetian Kings (10th century).[3] Hugh Capet (AD 987), born to a Saxon mother, was reportedly the first King of France to need an interpreter when addressed by envoys from Frankish Germany. Generally, Frankish nobles of the Carolingian dynasty were bilingual in Frankish and Gallo-Romance. The Neustrian army had received orders in Gallo-Romance since the time of the Oaths of Strasbourg. The situation was not unlike the one in England after the Norman Conquest, with Frankish nobility occupying the role of superstratum language over the existing Proto-Romance language spoken by the populace.

The development of French[edit]

As a result of over 500 years of Germano-Latin bilingualism, many Germanic words became ingrafted into the Gallo-Romance speech by the time it emerged as Old French in AD 900. And after the Franks abandoned Frankish, their version of Old French tended to be heavily Frankish influenced, with a distinctively Frankish accent, which introduced new phonemes, stress-timing, Germanic grammatical and syntactical elements, and contained many more Germanic loans not found in the Old French spoken by the native Gallo-Romans. Even though the Franks were largely outnumbered by the Gallo-Roman population, the position of the Franks as leaders and landholders lent their version of Old French a greater power of influence over that of the Gallo-Romans; it thereby became the basis of later versions of the French language, including Modern French (see Francien language). It is for this reason that Modern French pronunciation has a rather distinct and undeniably «Germanic» sound when compared to other Romance languages, such as Italian and Spanish, and is a major contributing factor in why there exists a distinction between Northern French varieties spoken in regions where Frankish settlement was heavy (langue d’oïl) vs. those where Frankish settlement was relatively slight (langue d’oc).[4]

Although approximately ten percent of Modern French words are derived from Frankish,[5] Frankish was not the only source of Germanic words in French. Gothic languages, like Burgundian, made contributions (via Provençal), as did Old Norse and Old English via Norman French. Other words were borrowed directly from Old, Middle and Modern versions of Dutch and German, and still others came through the Germanic elements found in Latin (particularly Medieval Latin) and other Romance languages, like Walloon, Italian, and Spanish. Finally, Modern English has made contributions to the French lexicon, most notably within the past few decades.

Scope of the dictionary[edit]

The following list details words, affixes and phrases that contain Germanic etymons. Words where only an affix is Germanic (e.g. fait, bouillard, carnavalesque) are excluded, as are words borrowed from a Germanic language where the origin is other than Germanic (for instance, cabaret is from Dutch, but the Dutch word is ultimately from Latin/Greek, so it is omitted). Likewise, words which have been calqued from a Germanic tongue (e.g. pardonner, bienvenue, entreprendre, toujours, compagnon, plupart, manuscrit, manoeuvre), or which received their usage or sense (i.e. were created, modified or influenced) due to Germanic speakers or Germanic linguistic habits (e.g. comté, avec, commun, on, panne, avoir, ça) are not included.

Many other Germanic words found in older versions of French, such as Old French and Anglo-French are no longer extant in Standard Modern French. Many of these words do, however, continue to survive dialectally and in English. See: List of English Latinates of Germanic origin.

A-B[edit]

C-G[edit]

H-Z[edit]

See also[edit]

  • History of French
  • Franks
  • Old Frankish
  • Influence of French on English
  • List of French words of Gaulish origin
  • List of Galician words of Germanic origin
  • List of German words of French origin
  • List of Portuguese words of Germanic origin
  • List of Spanish words of Germanic origin

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Thomason & Kaufman 1991, p. 127.
  2. ^ «A brief history of the Franks». Eupedia.
  3. ^ Wise, The vocabulary of modern French: origins, structure and function, pg 35.
  4. ^ Price, The French language: present and past, pg 11.
  5. ^ Nadeau, Barlow, The Story of French, pg 24.

References[edit]

  • Auguste Brachet, An Etymological Dictionary of the French Language: Third Edition
  • Auguste Scheler, «Dictionnaire d’étymologie française d’après les résultats de la science moderne» (in French)
  • Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales (in French)
  • Dictionary.com
  • Friedrich Diez, «An Etymological Dictionary of the Romance Languages»
  • Dossier des Latinistes, La Greffe Germanique (in French)
  • Thomason, Sarah Grey; Kaufman, Terrence (1991) [1988]. Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics (1st pbk. print. ed.). Berkeley: Univ. of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07893-2.
  • Langenscheidt
  • German-French dictionary

French — not just the language of love

Are you struggling to find the right word in French? We have the solution for you! With the comprehensive online German-French dictionary from Langenscheidt, you can look up the correct translation of terms, whole phrases and example sentences in both language directions in no time. For other languages, Langenscheidt offers free online dictionaries. To do this, you can simply use the drop-down menu.

Are you heading to the Côte d’Azur for your next holiday? Do you want to be able to read and understand the French edition of VOGUE? How do you say in French «We are happy to confirm your order»? French is spoken by 220 million speakers across all five continents and in over 50 countries worldwide. Next to German and English, French is the most important official and working language of the European Union. France is also a popular travel destination for the Germans. After all, where else could it be more special to pop the question than under the Eiffel Tower? The German-French online dictionary from Langenscheidt is an excellent solution for anyone who wants to learn French, expand their vocabulary or just look up a term from time to time.

Online tool for learning French or helping with the translation of individual terms and phrases

The German-French online dictionary from Langenscheidt is fast and user-friendly: Users can enter the searched term in full or only its first letter, then click on the searched term on the list that opens to generate a translation. Where a term has multiple meanings, disambiguation with examples of use in the respective context is provided. Notes on grammar and style complement the search tool. The pronunciation of French words is displayed in square brackets using the phonetic notation devised by the International Phonetic Association. A reference tool is thus used to learn a language.

The online German-French dictionary includes around 130,000 relevant terms from the areas of business, communication, politics and everyday life. The spelling of German terms is based on the current DUDEN recommendations. The spelling of French terms follows the rules of the Académie française.

Look up terms on the computer at home, in the office and on-the-go

Whether you are working or studying, the most convenient way to look up foreign language terms on your computer is to use the online dictionary from Langenscheidt. Language enthusiasts can use the Langenscheidt online dictionary to find the foreign language term quickly and reliably on their smartphone when on holiday or on-the-go. This is because the dictionary provided on these platforms has been put together and tested by the leading dictionary publisher Langenscheidt, which is a guarantee of reliability.

Learning foreign languages has never been as important as it is today

In a globalised world, the command of foreign languages, and in particular, English, French and Spanish, is more important today than it has ever been. However, French can easily get a bit rusty if users do not use the language frequently, or if it has been a while since they finished their studies. For those, the Langenscheidt online dictionary has arrived in the nick of time. The online dictionary makes it easy to give French language skills a professional overhaul or to look up any missing term quickly and effectively.

Langenscheidt is a media company with a long tradition and a broad range of product in the field of languages. In addition to the traditional printed dictionaries, Langenscheidt also offers various high-quality digital language products and services at the highest level.

Langenscheidt — always one step ahead

From the start, Langenscheidt has focused on technical innovation. In 1905, the publishing house brought the first gramophone records to the market, enabling customers to hear and practice correct pronunciations. Audio and video cassettes as well as distance learning language courses followed later. In 1983, Langenscheidt developed the world’s first electronic dictionary «Alpha 8» — a true milestone in the history of technology. While today the electronic dictionary is more of a museum piece, Langenscheidt is continuously developing its language solutions so as to adapt to the changing requirements of its customers. Today, Langenscheidt is the number one choice dictionary publisher.

About Langenscheidt

Langenscheidt is one of the most internationally renowned and leading publishers in the fields of Languages and Reference. Founded in 1856, the yellow brand stands for exceptional quality and expertise in the field of language learning.

Search the German-French dictionary by letter

With the letters below you can search the German to French dictionary manually. Select a letter from below to see all the German words in the German-French dictionary beginning with a certain letter. You can then browse the list of words and view all French translations as well as French synonyms by clicking on a German word.

Subjects>Jobs & Education>Education

User Avatar

Wiki User

∙ 13y ago


Best Answer

Copy

französisch

User Avatar

Wiki User

∙ 13y ago

This answer is:

User Avatar

Study guides

Add your answer:

Earn +

20

pts

Q: What is the German word for french?

Write your answer…

Submit

Still have questions?

magnify glass

imp

Related questions

People also asked

Список французских слов германского происхождения — List of French words of Germanic origin

Статья списка Википедии

Это список стандартного французского языка слова и фразы, происходящие из любого германского языка любого периода, независимо от того, включены ли они в формирование французского языка или заимствованы в любое время после этого.

Историческая справка

Французский — романский язык, произошедший в основном от галло-римского языка, разновидности вульгарной латыни, на которой говорят в конце Римской империи — галлами, а точнее белгами. Однако северная Галлия от Рейна на юг до Луары, начиная с III века, постепенно была заселена германской конфедерацией франков, достигнув высшей точки после уход римской администрации в результате воссоединения первого христианского короля франков Хлодвига I в 486 году нашей эры. По названию его владений Francia (которые занимали север Франция, низменности и большая часть Германии), происходит современное название Франция. В течение нескольких столетий значительные меньшинства франкоговорящих крестьян сохранили свой родной язык, но в северной Франции они перешли на свой собственный диалект галло-римского.

Первые франки говорили франкский, западногерманский язык. Когда Франкское королевство расширилось под властью Карла Мартеля и Пипина Короткого, став самой ранней Священной Римской империей под Карл Великий, общий язык разделился на ряд взаимно непонятных языков Европы. Основное деление было между верхненемецким и нижненемецким. Разделительной зоной был Рейнский веер. прибрежные и каролингские франки стали говорить на одной из форм древневерхненемецкого. салийские франки говорили на старофранкском или старофранконском, который позже превратился в староголландский. Франки в северной Галлии приняли свою собственную версию галло-римского языка, которая стала французской. Франция возникла после того, как наследники Карла Великого разделили империю по языковому признаку.

Во Франции короли и знать продолжали говорить на германском языке до времен королей-капетингов (10 век). Хью Капет (987 г. н.э.), рожденный от саксонской матери, по сообщениям, был первым королем Франции, которому понадобился переводчик, когда к нему обратились послы из франкской Германии. Как правило, франкская знать из династии Каролингов была двуязычна на франкском и галло-романском языках. Нейстрийская армия получила приказы в Галло-Романтике со времен Страсбургских клятв. Ситуация мало чем отличалась от той, что сложилась в Англии после норманнского завоевания, когда франкская знать играла роль надслойного языка над существующим прото-романским языком, на котором говорило население.

Развитие французского

В результате более 500 лет германо-латинского двуязычия многие германские слова были привиты в галло-романскую речь благодаря когда он появился как старофранцузский в 900 году нашей эры. А после того, как франки отказались от франкского языка, старофранцузский, на котором они говорили, как правило, находился под сильным франкским влиянием, с отчетливо франкским акцентом, который привнес новые фонемы, ударение-синхронизация, германские грамматические и синтаксические элементы, а также многие другие германские заимствования, которых нет в старофранцузском, на котором говорят местные галло-римляне. Несмотря на то, что франки в значительной степени превосходили численностью галло-римского населения, положение франков как лидеров и землевладельцев придавало их версии старофранцузского языка большую власть над влиянием галло-римлян; таким образом, он стал основой для более поздних версий французского языка, включая современный французский (см. французский язык ). Именно по этой причине современное французское произношение имеет довольно отчетливое и, несомненно, «германское» звучание по сравнению с другими романскими языками, такими как итальянский и испанский, и является основным фактором, определяющим, почему существует различие между северофранцузскими вариантами, на которых говорят на регионы, где франкские поселения были многочисленными (langue d’oïl ) по сравнению с теми, где франкские поселения были относительно небольшими (langue d’oc ).

Хотя примерно десять процентов современных французских слов произошли от, Франкский язык был не единственным источником германских слов во французском языке. готские языки, такие как бургундский, внесли свой вклад (через провансальский ), как и старый Норвежский и древнеанглийский через нормандский французский. Другие слова были заимствованы непосредственно из старых, средних и современных версий голландского и немецкого <96.>, а третьи пришли через германские элементы, найденные в латыни (особенно средневековой латыни ) и других романских языках. возрастов, например валлонский, итальянский и испанский. Наконец, современный английский внес свой вклад во французский лексикон, особенно в последние несколько десятилетий.

Объем словаря

В следующем списке подробно описаны слова, аффиксы и фразы, содержащие германские этимоны. Слова, в которых только аффикс является германским (например, méfait, bouillard, carnavalesque ), исключаются, как и слова, заимствованные из германский язык, где происхождение отличается от германского (например, кабаре происходит от голландского, но голландское слово в конечном итоге происходит от латинского / греческого, поэтому оно опускается). Точно так же слова, образованные из германского языка (например, pardonner, bienvenue, entparendre, toujours, compagnon, plupart, manuscrit, maneuver ), или которые получили свое использование или смысл (т.е. были созданы, изменены или подверглись влиянию) из-за германских носителей или германских языковые привычки (например, comté, avec, commun, on, panne, escapeir, ça ) не включены.

Многие другие германские слова, встречающиеся в более старых версиях французского языка, такие как старофранцузский и англо-французский, больше не существуют в стандартном современном французском языке. Однако многие из этих слов продолжают существовать диалектно и в английском. См.: Список латинских англичан германского происхождения.

Словарь

Содержание:

  • Историческая справка
  • Развитие французского языка
  • Объем словаря
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • Q
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
  • Y
  • Z
  • См. Также
  • Литература
  • Примечания

AB

CG

HZ

См. Также

  • История французского языка
  • Франков
  • Старофранкский
  • Влияние французского языка на английском языке
  • Список французских слов галльского происхождения
  • Список галисийских слов германского происхождения
  • Список немецких слов французского происхождения
  • Список португальских слов германского происхождения
  • Список испанских слов Германское происхождение

Примечания

Ссылки

  • Огюст Брахе, Этимологический словарь французского языка: третье издание
  • Огюст Шелер, «Французский словарик по оценке результатов исследований» (Dictionnaire d’étymologie française d’après les résultats de la science moderne «(на французском языке)
  • Национальный центр ресурсов Textuelles et Lexicales (на французском языке)
  • Dictionary.com
  • Фридрих Диец,« Этимологический словарь романских языков »
  • Досье des Latini stes, La Greffe Germanique (на французском)
  • Томасон, Сара Грей; Кауфман, Терренс (1991) [1988]. Языковой контакт, креолизация и генетическая лингвистика (1-е изд. Изд.). Беркли: Univ. Калифорнийской прессы. ISBN 978-0-520-07893-2 . CS1 maint: ref = harv (ссылка )

Guten Tag! We have talked before about loanwords in the German language. There is quite a big crossover of both English words used in German, and German words used in English. However, did you know that there are many French words used in the German language, too? And many of these are everyday words we may not immediately recognise as being French!

Here are just some of the many French loan words in the German language. I have included their gender after the word, and extra information for some of them. Some are more obvious than others. Which ones did you know about before? Do any come as a surprise?

Image via Pixabay

German Words With French Roots

Abonnement, das – subscription
To use a very modern example: If you watch German YouTubers, at the end of their videos they usually say “Bitte ein Abo da lassen!” (“Please hit ‘subscribe’!”). ‘Abo’ is short for Abonnement.

Affäre, die – affair

aktuell – current
This is a good example of a false friend – a word that looks like it should mean one thing, when it means another. An English speaker would think aktuell translates to ‘actual’ but it means ‘current’. This is because the word comes from the French ‘actuel’.

Balkon, der – balcony

Image via Pixabay

Ballon, der – balloon
Think Nena’s classic song, 99 Luftballons!

Bonbon, der/das – bonbon (a sweet)

Büro, das – office

Café, das – cafe

Champignon, der – mushroom

Chef, der – boss
Another false friend. You can read about this word here.

Dame, die – lady/woman
Remember, in German you pronounce the letter ‘e’. So Dame is pronounced ‘Dah-meh’ in German!

Dusche, die/duschen – shower/to shower

Etikette, die – etiquette

Etui, das – case (small bag)

Friseur, der – hairdresser

Idee, die – idea

Kompliment, das – compliment

Kostüm, das – costume

Kuvert, das – envelope

Image via Pixabay

Omelett(e), das – omelette

Onkel, der – uncle

Parfüm, das – perfume

Pommes, die – fries (chips in British English)
Known as Pommes Frites in French, in German the word has been shortened to just Pommes. This is pronounced ‘pomm-ess’ in German, unlike in French, where it is pronounced ‘pomm’.

Saison, die – season

Salon, der – salon

Serviette, die – serviette

Sofa, das – sofa

Tante, die – aunty

Toilette, die – toilet

Zigarette, die – cigarette

And there are many more! Which ones did you know about before? Do any come as a surprise? Do you know any more?

Bis bald (see you soon)!

Glosbe is a home for thousands of dictionaries. We provide not only dictionary German — French, but also dictionaries for every existing pairs of languages — online and for free.

Translations from dictionary German — French, definitions, grammar

In Glosbe you will find translations from German into French coming from various sources. The translations are sorted from the most common to the less popular. We make every effort to ensure that each expression has definitions or information about the inflection.

In context translations German — French, translated sentences

Glosbe dictionaries are unique. In Glosbe you can check not only German or French translations. We also offer usage examples showing dozens of translated sentences. You can see not only the translation of the phrase you are searching for, but also how it is translated depending on the context.

Translation memory for German — French languages

The translated sentences you will find in Glosbe come from parallel corpora (large databases with translated texts). Translation memory is like having the support of thousands of translators available in a fraction of a second.

Pronunciation, recordings

Often the text alone is not enough. We also need to hear what the phrase or sentence sounds like. In Glosbe you will find not only translations from the German-French dictionary, but also audio recordings and high-quality computer readers.

Picture dictionary

A picture is worth more than a thousand words. In addition to text translations, in Glosbe you will find pictures that present searched terms.

Automatic German — French translator

Do you need to translate a longer text? No problem, in Glosbe you will find a German — French translator that will easily translate the article or file you are interested in.

Join over 600.000 users and help us build the best dictionary in the world.

Add translation

Add translation

Help us to build the best dictionary.

Glosbe is a community based project created by people just like you.

Please, add new entries to the dictionary.

Recent changes

Statistics of the German — French dictionary

Language German

Region

Native to: Primarily German-speaking Europe, also in the worldwide German-speaking diaspora
Official language in: 6 countries  Austria  Belgium  Germany  Liechtenstein  Luxembourg   Switzerland 3 dependencies South Tyrol (Italy) 31 communes in Poland 9 municipalities in Brazil Several international institutions

Users

90,000,000

Language French

Region

Native to: France
Region: Francophonie (French-speaking world) (geographical distribution below)
Official language in: 29 countries  Belgium  Benin  Burkina Faso  Burundi  Cameroon  Canada  Central African Republic  Chad  Comoros  Congo  Democratic Republic of the Congo  Djibouti  Equatorial Guinea  France  Gabon  Guinea  Haiti  Ivory Coast  Luxembourg  Madagascar  Mali  Monaco  Niger  Rwanda  Senegal  Seychelles   Switzerland  Togo  Vanuatu Administrative/cultural  Algeria  Cambodia  Laos  Lebanon  Mauritania  Mauritius  Morocco  Tunisia  Vietnam 15 dependent entities  Aosta Valley (Italy)  French Guiana  French Polynesia  Guadeloupe  Jersey  Louisiana (United States)  Maine (United States)  Martinique  Mayotte  New Caledonia  Réunion  Saint Barthélemy  Saint Martin  Saint Pierre and Miquelon  Wallis and Futuna Numerous international organisations

Users

76,800,000

Glosbe logo
Glosbe

Proudly made with ♥ in Poland

Понравилась статья? Поделить с друзьями:
  • German word for father
  • German word for family
  • German word for end
  • German word for dutch language
  • German word for do you understand