Further practice section key word transformations ответы

Workbook Key

When you travel that far from home, who knows where you might end up?

If you are a beginner cyclist, you should consider your goals: are you interested mainly in exercise, or in recreation? Bicycling is a wonderful way to stay in shape, but it is also a relaxing pastime. Another piece of advice I would give to a beginner is to invest in good equipment from the start. It is not necessary to buy a very expensive bicycle, but the cheaper ones can be unsafe. A strong helmet is also very important. Bicycling injuries are common, but the risk involved can be greatly reduced if the rider wears a helmet.

So, yes, it’s important to have a good bicycle. But what’s vital is that you have a love for the sport. Every year I can’t wait for the Tour de France to start. I sit down in front of the television, but I don’t think that I have ever watched an entire stage. Long before the riders have reached the finish line, I have jumped on my bike and headed for the open road.

Best meal

Over the years, I have eaten in wonderful restaurants all round the world: London, Paris, New York, Rome. But by far the best meal I have ever had was at the top of a mountain in Chile.

While I was a student, my best friend and I backpacked across Chile and Argentina. We walked and travelled by bus, stopping in remote villages. Nearly everywhere we went, we were impressed by the hospitality and friendliness of the locals, and while the food was usually far from luxurious, it was always wholesome and tasty. One winter morning, we started walking from one mountain village to another. It began to snow, however, and within an hour we were lost.

Luckily, we found a small village the next morning. Since there was no restaurant in the village, we asked a local man if there was somewhere we could eat. He signalled to us to come inside his home and sit down. He brought out two large bowls of porridge and a pitcher of water. The porridge was simple, but wonderful. Because I had not eaten for so long, I felt at that moment as if I had never before tasted anything so delicious.

There is no doubt that the Ritz in Paris is a fabulous way to celebrate a special occasion and you will have an exquisite and memorable meal, but when you are lost, cold and haven’t eaten for over a day, nothing beats a slightly warm bowl of porridge.

Vocabulary & Grammar Practice V (pp. 72-73)

1	1	D	5	D	9 D	13	C	17	C
	2	B	6	A	10	C	14	B	18	B
	3	C	7	C	11	A	15	D	19	B
	4	D	8	C	12	D	16	A	20	D
2	1	C	5	A	9 A	13	A	17	C
	2	B	6	D	10	A	14	D	18	C
	3	D	7	B	11	B	15	A	19	A
	4	B	8	C	12	D	16	B	20	B

122

				Workbook Key
	Further Practice Section	54	had a discussion on/about
Key Word Transformations (pp. 74-83)	55	put up with his/him
56	didn’t let us stay up
A 1	must not be used
57	in case it’s cold
2 is not old enough to	58	been ages since Gloria was
3	would like to	59	had better not stay up
4 is no chance of	60	was too difficult for
5 is not far from	61	do not belong to me
6 is not hot enough	62	more fluently than anyone
7 not many tickets left for	63	found (that) he couldn’t control
8	you would only	64	was not deep enough
9 I would rather not buy	65	in order not to
10	will take place	66	succeeded in finding
11	feel like going	67	were prevented from reaching
12	wish I could come	68	advised Ann to call
13	is said to be	69	put me through to
14	been in touch with them	70	(just) in time to catch
15	a small amount of	71	no point in me/my taking
16	spent four years learning	72	is impossible for me to
17	to have a waiter’s job	73	Ann hadn’t helped
18	prefer not to travel	74	has had no success
19	wish I hadn’t upset	75	does not let visitors use
20	am responsible for providing	76	if I (had) invited Nancy
21	anyone interested in helping	77	was put off because
22	said to have been built	78	to lend him/if she would lend him
23	would not have been delayed	79	guest had fun
24	is not far from	80	will no doubt become/will without a doubt become
25	only one who did not	81	was too slow to win
26	accused Sue of having destroyed	82	would rather listen to/hear jazz
27	the last time you went	83	too excited to
28	was the only person who	84	apart from John, was
29	too busy to attend	85	took to her teacher as
30	one of the fastest	86	expected to pass
31	even though she behaves	87	hasn’t changed since
32	is hardly anything	88	in the habit of cutting
33	to find a solution to	89	was not as expensive
34	to have the roof repaired	90	got on well
35	have not visited Beth for	91	short on funds (money),
36	will only be accepted if	92	had no intention of insulting
37	good if you got	93	made me go out
38	subject I liked best/most	94	behind bars doesn’t always
39	was the first time	95	in case it starts/is
40	did nothing but talk	96	put out a book
41	would like to know	97	will take place
42	there are	98	is too expensive for
43	pays attention to	99	hardly spends any
44	had run out of	100	take advantage of
45	no doubt he will win	101	the only one who had
46	suggested (that) we go	102	I would not have shouted
47	was Harry’s first visit	103	has had no luck
48	is unlikely that it will	104	to have a job
49	mistook me for	105	is too old to
50	being unable to play	106	were completely surprised by
51	if we hadn’t called	107	it is rare to see
52	have been married since	108	apologised for being/having been
53	good at drawing	109	had run out of

123


Workbook Key
110	will be given out	166	ended the concert with
111	should not have trusted	167	has been a/one month since / was a/one month
112	one of the best laptops		ago that
113	is too busy to go	168	following his appearance
114	were hardly any guests (left)	169	how much it cost(s)
115	is making little effort to	170	did not have to do
116	has been a sharp rise	171	dressed in such
117	caught the virus apart from	172	number of visitors
118	being pulled down	173	succeeded in finishing
119	being spoken to rudely	174	cut down on the number
120	despite the fact that he	175	still waiting for
121	there was no point in	176	the second time I
122	type any faster than	177	was anything else
123	didn’t deserve to be	178	take a look at
124	last time Emily ate	179	wish I had gone
125	is included in	180	have been married for
126	did not appear to have	181	refused to let her pay
127	want anyone else to come	182	only student who didn’t
128	were cancelled due to	183	how rude Donald was
129	in case your car is	184	is used to looking after
130	too expensive for Jane to	185	took place even though
131	is unusual for Jack to	186	have been many changes in
132	as long as he was	187	we would not have celebrated
133	was better than	188	is not far from the
134	gets on (well) with / gets along with	189	been good at dealing
135	doesn’t feel like eating	190	why she hadn’t seen
136	be a better job than	191	accused Daniel of copying/having copied
137	twice as long	192	which is why he never
138	no point in trying	193	in total agreement with
139	is the same size as	194	has been reduced by
140	not like her to be	195	it will be impossible for
141	had a discussion about what	196	to have his portrait painted
142	can’t still be	197	has not travelled abroad
143	are responsible for keeping	198	if she had not helped
144	in case it is	199	was the first time that
145	are not allowed/permitted to take	200	himself to be
146	does this shoe belong to	201	did nothing but
147	is a faster runner	202	would like to learn
148	is expected to get	203	if I had seen
149	is not easy for Sophie	204	was called off
150	is worth trying	205	pays (any) attention to
151	is supposed to be	206	if she would lend him
152	is unlikely that there will	207	despite (his) not being
153	possible for us to go	208	very efficient about recycling
154	made a note of his	209	took my scarf, didn’t
155	have not seen Lucy for	210	never seen such a big / never seen so big a
156	only a few	211	both Mike and John are
157	one piece is / one of the pieces is	212	rather you shut
158	can’t tell the difference	213	in spite of (his) being
159	has a tendency to be	214	made a good impression on
160	gave a detailed description	215	apologised for not calling
161	no doubt (that) he will	216	advised him to see a
162	in order to	217	suggested going to a restaurant
163	until she had painted	218	can run as fast as / runs as fast as
164	was having my hair done	219	We had gone to see
165	did not succeed in convincing	220	is said to have developed

124

Workbook Key

221I were you, I would

222apologised for having to

223high time you had

224taking care of

225has given up playing

226have not changed since

227provided it’s not

228had no intention of forgetting

229he was sorry for having/he was sorry to (have)

230will not be present at

231unless he ran he would

232know the cost

233(that) Tom could be

234so that he can buy

235reputation does the school have/has the school got

236until he had finished all

237are not allowed to use

238has no intention of changing

239should take advantage of

240the length of this pool

241match instead of the

242cancelled as a result of

243admitted to having broken

244have the ability to

245I were you I would

246costs nothing to travel

247losing her temper

248not used to meeting

249accused him of taking

250turned out/up for

251had her wedding pictures taken

252spends hardly any / hardly spends any

253give a full description of

254had her bag stolen

255was called off because

256so that he would not

257had no idea that

258he would rather not drive

259to get in touch with

260is no difference between

261had our house broken into

262was/is no milk left

263are for sale

264said to be more than

265good at playing

266possible for us to go

267no comparison between/of

268take care of

269is said to be

270were prevented from leaving

271have been investigated by

272give me a hand

273blamed Ellie for losing/having lost

274there is nothing wrong with

275wishes (that) he had caught

276there was none/nothing left

277like the idea of going

278is expected to come

279even though they have/had

280have made a better

281the intention of never coming

282had as much luck as

283always been good at

284was bleached using

285could lend him

Multiple Choice (pp. 84-89)

B 1	B	34	B	67	D	100	D	133	D
2	C	35	A	68	C	101	B	134	D
3	A	36	B	69	A	102	A	135	A
4	D	37	C	70	C	103	D	136	C
5	D	38	D	71	D	104	A	137	A
6	C	39	A	72	C	105	B	138	A
7	C	40	C	73	C	106	A	139	A
8	D	41	C	74	A	107	D	140	C
9	A	42	B	75	A	108	B	141	B
10	D	43	A	76	C	109	C	142	A
11	D	44	D	77	C	110	D	143	D
12	A	45	B	78	B	111	C	144	A
13	D	46	A	79	A	112	C	145	C
14	D	47	B	80	B	113	A	146	D
15	B	48	C	81	D	114	D	147	B
16	A	49	A	82	A	115	C	148	C
17	C	50	C	83	C	116	A	149	B
18	D	51	B	84	C	117	B	150	D
19	A	52	D	85	B	118	A	151	A
20	C	53	C	86	B	119	D	152	A
21	B	54	D	87	D	120	A	153	D
22	C	55	B	88	C	121	B	154	D
23	B	56	B	89	B	122	B	155	D
24	D	57	C	90	B	123	B	156	D
25	C	58	B	91	A	124	C	157	D
26	A	59	A	92	C	125	A	158	B
27	C	60	D	93	D	126	C	159	D
28	A	61	D	94	D	127	C	160	A
29	D	62	D	95	B	128	C	161	C
30	B	63	A	96	A	129	A	162	C
31	B	64	D	97	C	130	C	163	C
32	B	65	B	98	C	131	D	164	B
33	B	66	B	99	C	132	A	165	A

125


Workbook Key
Open Cloze Sentences (pp. 90-92)	108	about
C 1	was	55	except	109	nothing
110	to
2	have	56	though
111	at
3	be	57	between
112	between
4	than	58	takes
113	in
5	are	59	which
114	which
6	much	60	long
115	asleep
7	by	61	of
116	few
8	beginning	62	in
117	This
9	to	63	far/many
118	needs
10	not	64	up
119	nor
11	at	65	before
120	on
12	apart	66	in
121	since
13	able	67	a
122	fact
14	have	68	on
123	as
15	on	69	of
124	least
16	to	70	its
125	of
17	one	71	to
126	to
18	long	72	of
127	before
19	a	73	Apart
128	the
20	on	74	so
129	great
21	of	75	though
130	short
22	take	76	while
131	takes
23	many	77	it
132	one
24	ago	78	without
133	than
25	whose	79	While
134	let
26	for	80	between
135	to
27	one	81	as
136	no
28	up	82	By
137	least
29	all	83	how
138	in
30	if	84	at
139	far
31	how	85	with
140	of
32	like	86	to
141	takes
33	On	87	become
142	per
34	take	88	spent
143	although
35	most	89	a

36	rest	90	of
37	to	91	as
38	make	92	among
39	than	93	reason
40	any/every	94	sight
41	so	95	about
42	enough	96	out
43	takes	97	from
44	in	98	what
45	until	99	out
46	where	100	tried
47	for	101	all
48	by	102	another
49	at	103	by
50	in	104	so
51	from	105	On
52	way	106	got
53	with	107	used
54	than	108	about

126

Word Formation (pp. 93-97)

D 1	effective	55	action
2	carefully	56	unclear
3	organisations	57	relationship
4	majority	58	countless
5	cultural	59	puzzling
6	knowledge	60	harmful
7	teenagers	61	agreement
8	correspondence	62	choice
9	obligation	63	designer
10	entertainment	64	qualification
11	broaden	65	valuable
12	closing	66	delivery
13	unemployment	67	freedom
14	construction	68	decorations
15	shortly	69	especially
16	announcement	70	customers
17	advertising	71	arrangements
18	qualified	72	unexpected
19	intention	73	meeting
20	recently	74	variety
21	enthusiastic	75	director
22	wealthy	76	inhabitants
23	latest	77	growth
24	solution	78	loss
25	growing	79	inability
26	encouragement	80	advisable
27	normally	81	preparations
28	appearance	82	nervous
29	uncomfortable	83	easily
30	hopelessly	84	useful
31	importance	85	generally
32	extremely	86	additional
33	lonely	87	better
34	ambitiously	88	tendency
35	journalist	89	information
36	decision	90	helpless
37	highly	91	existence
38	incredibly	92	development
39	amusement	93	Amazingly
40	Luckily	94	relatively
41	happily	95	distance
42	ability	96	observation
43	concerned	97	truth
44	disgusting	98	measurements
45	approval	99	unbelievably
46	thought	100	reference
47	European	101	enormously
48	unsuitable	102	uncertain
49	singers	103	discovery
50	selfishly	104	unexplored
51	performance	105	investigation
52	judgement	106	differences
53	healthy	107	daily
54	confusion	108	Friendship

			Workbook Key
109	variety	164	specialises
110	illness	165	colourful
111	inexpensive	166	characteristics
112	reservation	167	choice
113	attractions	168	arrangement
114	increasingly	169	sale(s)
115	carefully	170	lover
116	particularly	171	childhood
117	factual	172	effective
118	economical	173	importance
119	dangerous	174	growth
120	straightened	175	third
121	traditional	176	requirements
122	behaviour	177	strength
123	frequently	178	additional
124	natural	179	energetic
125	luxurious	180	unexpected

126preparation

127successfully

128happily

129costly

130extremely

131severely

132adventurous

133sights

134profitable

135suspected

136punishment

137stressful

138residents

139exceptional

140resistant

141valuable

142variety

143responsibility

144selfish

145enjoyable

146Invitations

147spectacular

148illegal

149inventions

150improvements

151(un)comfortable

152cyclists

153seventeenth

154popularity

155unlike

156appearance

157completely

158production

159exciting

160challenging

161basically

162central

163neighbourhood

127

Workbook Key

Prepositions (pp. 98-99)

E 1	to	55	in
2	on	56	on
3	at
57	in
4	to
58	on
5	in
59	by
6	to
60	under
7	to
61	out
8	of
62	off
9	on
63	to
10	in
64	on
11	on
65	to
12	of
66	among
13	to
67	to
14	to
68	to
15	to
69	to
16	to
70	in
17	in
71	of
18	in
72	for
19	of
73	to
20	in
74	against
21	into
75	on
22	in
76	to
23	of
77	to
24	at
78	against
25	of
79	for
26	to
80	to
27	on
81	of
28	in
82	in
29	in
83	on
30	against
84	in
31	in
85	for
32	in
86	by
33	to
87	between
34	in
88	as
35	to
89	of
36	to
90	as
37	to
91	in
38	in
92	on
39	to
93	to
40	on
94	in
41	in
95	as
42	for
96	at
43	of
97	by
44	to
98	for
45	to
99	in
46	into
100	under
47	of

48	of
49	at
50	on
51	against
52	at
53	at/for
54	for

Phrasal Verbs (pp. 100-101)

F 1	for	54	back on
2	for	55	behind in
3	in	56	for
4	off	57	for
5	up	58	out with
6	after	59	apart
7	against	60	along
8	away	61	away
9	down with	62	back
10	up	63	back at
11	up	64	by on
12	down	65	back to
13	down	66	in
14	in	67	off
15	into	68	over
16	off	69	away
17	out	70	in
18	up	71	out
19	of	72	to
20	down	73	off
21	out	74	up
22	to	75	after
23	over	76	by
24	up	77	down with
25	for	78	after
26	for	79	over
27	off	80	over to
28	on	81	without
29	off	82	just
30	out	83	away
31	out	84	off
32	with	85	down
33	round	86	up with
34	back	87	off
35	to	88	down
36	by	89	through
37	down with	90	on
38	into	91	through
39	out	92	up to
40	to	93	to
41	up	94	back on
42	against	95	down on
43	up with	96	for
44	on	97	forward to
45	down	98	into
46	down on	99	out
47	off	100	over
48	off from	101	at
49	up	102	up
50	away with	103	up to
51	with	104	out

52without

53down

128

MODULE 1

Exercise 1 (p. 6)

Speaker 1

I’ve been driving for over ten years now and I consider myself a good driver. I’ll never forget the advice my driving instructor gave me way back then. She told me that driving was like life in that you always had to plan what you were going to do next, one step ahead of time. And I agree. She also emphasised that when behind the wheel, you had to keep a level head, no matter what. But you know, some drivers out there are just so rude.This man cut in front of me and even smiled at me as he went by. Well, I’m ashamed to say it, but I gave him a good long blast of my horn. I couldn’t help it, I was so angry.

Speaker 2

Ever since I got my driver’s licence three years ago, I have wanted a vehicle of my own. I’m not saying it hasn’t been generous of my parents to let me have their car whenever I needed it, but I’m fairly independent and I really wanted a car of my own. My dad suggested I got a used car as it would be cheaper and the insurance wouldn’t cost so much and I agreed. Actually, he and I went to the used car dealer together. I must admit I am rather impulsive, often doing things before thinking them through.Well, I fell in love with the first car I saw and I wanted it no matter what. Big mistake. So far, I’ve spent over £2,000 on repairs.That’s almost twice what I paid for the thing in the first place!

Speaker 3

Let’s just say I’m the kind of person that tends to put off doing things. I always get things done, but usually in my own time. Slowly but surely, I’m beginning to realise that this characteristic of mine has to change.Take the other day for example. I was driving in the city centre when suddenly I got a puncture. Well, as the car rolled to a stop, all I could think of was my husband asking me if I had had the spare tyre repaired. I remember telling him that it had totally slipped my mind but that I would take it to the garage as soon as I could. Unfortunately, I hadn’t got round to it, so I ended up waiting two hours before someone could come and help me out.

Speaker 4

I’m usually the organised one in my family. I never forget anyone’s birthday and I always make sure I pay the bills on time. Anyway, it was the strangest thing – the insurance company I deal with always contacts me to let me know when my car insurance is about to expire.This year, though, for some reason they didn’t, and I hadn’t marked it on my calendar. I must admit I was rather redfaced when a policewoman pulled me over for a routine check and I discovered my insurance was three weeks out of date!

Workbook Tapescripts

Speaker 5

There’s nothing I like better than going for a long leisurely Sunday drive. I never put much thought into where I’m going to go, though. I just get in my car and off I go. It’s like an adventure of sorts.Well, my mate,Angus, is one of those people that has to have everything mapped out before doing anything. It drives him mad that I never have a set route for my Sunday excursions. He has told me time and time again that one day I would regret not being more organised. I hate to say it, but he was right. Last Sunday I got caught up in road works and spent the next six hours trying to get back home.

Speaker 6

I’ve always had a good sense of direction and I learnt how to read maps at quite an early age, so I never dreamed that it could be a problem for anyone to get from A to B. If I was going on a long journey alone to a place I have never been to before, I simply noted down the main stages of the journey and set off – no problem. Then, when I got married, my wife and I decided to spend our honeymoon touring around France in our little sports car. She didn’t have a driving licence at the time so I suggested she do the navigating. She kept pretty quiet about the idea and it was only when we got off the ferry in France and I asked her for directions out of town that I realised that she had no idea of how to read a map. She was holding it upside down.

Exercise 2 (p. 6)

I don’t really know what gave me the idea, but from an early age I was determined to be a lighthouse keeper. You know, a lot of boys my age used to say that they wanted to be engine drivers, but that never crossed my mind. I suppose that I must have seen some photographs of lighthouses somewhere, or perhaps my parents took me to visit one, I just can’t remember.

Of course, like a lot of children’s dreams, mine gradually faded and my life followed a more conventional pattern. It was only after I had married and had children of my own that I began thinking about it again. At the time, I was teaching biology in a good secondary school and we were living in a pleasant three-bedroom house in a smart neighbourhood – the sort of home that most people would be content with in fact.The problem was, I was just not satisfied.

I had never mentioned my boyhood dream to Susan, my wife, and it took me some time to summon the courage to raise the subject with her. I was afraid that she would laugh at me and tell me I was being foolish, but to my surprise she listened sympathetically. She went so far as to admit that she too found suburban life a bit dull.

We started researching the possibilities together. At first, I was disappointed to discover that becoming a lighthouse keeper was not going to be as easy as I had imagined. I hadn’t paid attention to the advances in

129

Workbook Tapescripts

technology which means that most lighthouses no longer have keepers in residence.They are automatically operated from control centres many miles away and receive only occasional visits from engineers for maintenance purposes. I was sure that my dream had been shattered.

But Susan is made of sterner stuff than me. She would not give up and kept making enquiries. It was while she was surfing the Net that she came across an article about Lundy Island in one of the on-line newspapers. Now, Lundy is a small island about twelve miles off the coast of Devon in south-west England and I had thought it was completely uninhabited. In fact, roughly 30 people live there on a fairly permanent basis. Some of these are volunteers, but at the time Susan found the article, the Trust, which runs the island, were looking for staff to help manage the tourist accommodation on the island. The salaries on offer were not brilliant, but free accommodation was included in the old lighthouse keeper’s cottage!

We talked it over with our two children, twins who were about to leave home and start their university studies, and they told us not to think twice about it.That very same night we sent off our letter of application and began the agonised wait to see what would happen. Well, you can imagine the relief we felt when we were invited for an interview but, knowing we still had a long way to go, we did not celebrate too much.We set about learning every detail we could about Lundy so that we would, hopefully, impress the interview board and I must say that the more we learnt, the more excited we became about the prospect of living there.

We have been living on the island for four years now and we have never looked back.We still own our house on the mainland, but I doubt whether we will ever live there again because life here is wonderful and we both get great satisfaction from our jobs. Susan has always been a good administrator and organiser and for me it is like being on one long field trip as I help tourists discover the rich wildlife of the island. It just goes to show that childhood dreams can sometimes lead to great happiness as long as you don’t give up on them.

Exercise 3 (p. 7)

Interviewer: I’m pleased to say that we have Tom Williams with us in our studio today. Now,Tom Williams has built himself a very interesting home and he’s here to tell us all about it.Tom, thanks so much for coming.

Tom: My pleasure.

Interviewer: Well, first I suppose we should tell our listeners what is so unique about your house.

Tom: I must admit, my house is unique. I just love inviting people to come and see it. I always make a point of being at the front of the house when they arrive.The look on their faces never fails to amuse me.

Interviewer: You mean because they are amazed at how attractive the house is?

Tom: In part, I suppose. I mean, it is lovely, but that’s not what amazes them the most. What they really can’t believe is that the house is made of straw, but it looks so sturdy and well-built.

Interviewer: I see. So the house is very strong, but it was very economical to build, wasn’t it?

Tom: Yes, it was.And to tell you the truth, if I ever build another one, it will be even less expensive. The one I have just completed cost me about £4,000 altogether. Through talking to friends, and now that I’ve had some experience, I realise I could have saved about £1,000 if I had cut my own wood for the frame of the house. I didn’t think of doing that at the time, so I had the wood cut by professionals at the local sawmill.

Interviewer: Right. So … going back to the strength of the house … how strong can a house made of straw actually be?

Tom: Well, it’s all in the way it’s constructed. First things first, it’s very important to have a really good foundation, or base. I built mine with rocks. If you take time to fit the rocks together well, you won’t need to use any mortar to stick them together.You’ll find that once the bales of straw are placed on top of the foundation, they’ll be heavy enough to hold the rocks in place.

Interviewer: And then you build the walls?

Tom: No actually, not yet. Next you construct your floor.You won’t believe how easy it is. I used old wood to make a wooden frame and then nailed boards to that. Once the floor was completed, it was time to build the roof so that it was ready to put on as soon as the walls were finished. A friend cut some planks for me from a couple of fallen trees that we found in a near-by forest. Of course, I had to get permission to do that.

Interviewer: So what about the straw? Tell me about that.

Tom: Well, I used rectangular bales of straw – 200 altogether. If you can believe it, each bale only cost me one pound.Then, after the bales were in place, I covered them in plastic sheeting. It’s very important that the straw stays dry. If moisture gets in, the straw will eventually rot.

Interviewer: So,Tom.We’re about to run out of time. So tell us … apart from having a great place to live, what do you get out of all this?

Tom: Good question. You know, I do care about what effect I have on the world. Also, I am very concerned about how much people are spending on mortgages, rent etc. But most of all, I’m just proud of the fact that I’ve built something on my own. I feel so content sitting there in my straw house in the middle of winter. The snow is falling outside, and yet, I’m inside where it is quiet and warm and I can’t help but think, ‘Yes, this is what it’s all about.’

130

Interviewer: Well, thank you Tom for being with us today. You really have accomplished something incredible. Just one last question, though. Is there any way our listeners can contact you if they would like to find out more about building a house of straw?

Tom: Sure. You can email me via my website at www.tomsstrawhouse.com with any questions you have. It might take me a little while to write back because I’m getting a lot of enquiries these days, but I will write back eventually!

Interviewer: OK, once again, thank you very much for being on the show,Tom.

Tom: You’re welcome!

MODULE 2

Exercise 1 (p. 20)

Speaker 1

I was trapped for over a day in the ruins of a tall block of flats after a devastating earthquake struck in Golcuk, Turkey. I knew from a television programme that I would be able to survive for three days without food or water, so at least I stopped worrying about that. I had also learnt that I should lie still to save my energy. I tried to keep calm and about 10 hours later I heard my name being called and was able to reply.The scramble to free me began. It took the rescuers 18 hours to find a route through the rubble. I was finally pulled clear with only minor injuries.

Speaker 2

It was late September, and we were climbing in the Kumaun region of the Indian Himalayas. Temperatures had dropped to below zero, and heavy clouds were dumping more than 10 cm of snow per hour.We’d taken shelter by chiselling our tents inside a crevasse that sloped downward into a seemingly bottomless pit. An avalanche hit at midnight. Our tents collapsed, and we awoke to snow squeezing us in the darkness. As the snow pushed us farther into the crevasse, I fought to keep an air space in front of my mouth while pulling up frantically. Pete and I dug a 15-foot-long tunnel through the snow and poked our heads out into a raging storm. There was no way we could have survived out there. Four days later the storm stopped. We tunnelled out and started climbing down the mountain to safety.

Speaker 3

I was 17 and it was the first day of the holidays. I was lying on my bodyboard on Kauai’s Brennecke Beach, feet dangling in the water, when something bit my leg and pulled me under.When I realised it was a shark, I started punching it on the nose. But it didn’t care and began thrashing me around like a mad dog with a stuffed animal. It let go for a second but grabbed a hold of me again and took me down feet first, while I kept punching

Workbook Tapescripts

it as hard as I could. Eventually, the shark flipped away and let me go. I climbed on top of my board and paddled to shore.The shark had bitten me right below the knee. The doctors told me later that I’d lost so much blood I was lucky to have survived.

Speaker 4

I was in my car on the Wooten Bridge when suddenly, I saw the tarmac break in front of me and felt the bridge shake. I thought I had just survived the earthquake when the bridge started falling. I plummeted headfirst, still gripping the steering wheel. My car landed on a large concrete slab, but the back end was slipping into the river.Water was rushing into the car. I tried to open the door, but it was jammed. I started to panic, but tried the door again and it opened. I swam to the big slab of concrete and I had just climbed up onto it, when I saw a man screaming and floating in the river. I found a piece of wood and held it out to him, guiding him through the water and onto my slab. It must have been about half an hour before a rescue boat found us.

Speaker 5

Just after I had finished university, a friend, Enrique, and I went backpacking in South America. One particular day, we decided to try hiking from one village to the next in a beautiful mountainous area of Argentina. When we mentioned our idea to the owner of the hostel we were staying in, however, he warned us that since it was very easy to get lost in the area and the weather could be very unpredictable at that time of year, it would be better to hire a guide for the day. After discussing it for a while, however, we decided that we would risk it alone. We weren’t going that far, after all. Anyway, needless to say, we ended up in a great deal of trouble. We were found by a local mountain rescue team forty-eight hours later and taken to a hospital, exhausted and seriously dehydrated.

Speaker 6

I’ve been mountain boarding since I was twelve. It is an adrenaline sport that combines the best aspects of snowboarding, but on many different terrains during the off-season – long after the snow has melted. It’s a great sport but it is also very dangerous. One day I was preparing to go down a particularly steep run when I spotted this young kid getting ready to go down too. I went up to him and asked him if he was an experienced mountain boarder. He hummed and hawed and then admitted that this would be his first attempt. I told him that he should try easier runs first so that he doesn’t hurt himself. In the beginning, I thought he was going to do the run anyway but his commonsense prevailed and he went off to an easier hill. I am certain he would have broken something if he had done what he had so foolishly planned to do.

131

Источник

Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) / KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS

Task Type: Key Word Transformations.
Focus: Grammar and vocabulary.
Format: Each question consists of a sentence followed by a ‘key’ word and a second sentence with a gap in the middle. You have to use this key word to complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence.
Number of questions: 6
How many marks are there: Up to two marks for each correct answer.
What is testing:

idioms and fixed phrases
phrasal verbs
verb patterns
word combinations
collocations
linking words//inversion/conditionals/unreal past/

General Advice:

Write between three and six words as your answer.
Contractions like can’t or mustn’t are counted as two words.
Take a guess if necessary! You will not lose marks.
Remember that you cannot change the key word.

cambridge english: ADVANCED (cea)
KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS

practice tests

Key Word Transformations 1
- Key Word Transformations 2
  - Key Word Transformations 3
    - Key Word Transformations 4
      -                                 Key Word Transformations 5
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 6
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 7
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 8
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 9
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 10
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 11
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 12
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 13
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 14
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 15
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 16
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 17
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 18
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 19
        
                                        Key Word Transformations 20

Источник

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the word given and other words to complete the sentence.

Завершите второе предложение таким образом, чтобы оно имело такой же смысл первого предложения. Используйте данное слово и другие слова, чтобы закончить предложение.

1 Tom is a good basketball player, isn’t he?
Tom plays basketball well doesn’t he?

2 Our teacher will mark our exams.
Our exams will be marked by our teacher.

3 Have some biscuits, Marta.
Marta, help yourself to some biscuits.

4 ‘Are you travelling to Japan?1 Jan said to me.
Jan asked me whether I was travelling to Japan.

5 People say a dragon guards that cave.
A dragon is said to guard that cave.

6 Her parents gave their permission for her to go out.
Her parents let her go out.

7 ‘Let’s go to the cinema tonight,’ Joe said.
Joe suggested going to the cinema night.

8 Greg is twelve years old. Joe is thirteen years old.
Joe is older than Greg Greg.

9 Fred has lived in Toronto for two months.
Fred moved to Toronto two months ago.

10 We haven’t been out to eat for three weeks.
The last time we went out to eat was three weeks ago.

11 Bob doesn’t play football anymore.
Bob used to play football.

12 ‘Will I see you tomorrow?’ John said to Nancy.
John asked Nancy if he would see her the next day.

13 Grant went to work on foot but now he drives.
Grant used to go to work on foot but now he drives.

14 After we finished dinner, Mum started the washing up.
Mum waited until we had finished dinner before starting the washing up.

15 ‘Where did I put my wallet?’ he said.
He wondered where he put his wallet.

16 We have never seen such a funny film.
It is the funniest film we have ever seen.

17 Pam didn’t come to my party because I didn’t invite her.
Pam would have come to my party if I had invited her.

18 Leave now or you’ll miss your train.
You’ll miss your train if you do not leave now.

19 The beautician is painting her nails.
She is having her nails painted by the beautician.

20 It would have been better if I had taken a map.
I wish I had taken a map.

21 ‘You’re right. The exam was hard,’ she said.
She agreed that the exam had been hard.

22 If he runs faster, he’ll win.
He will not win unless he runs faster.

23 Tony has got the same number of CDs as I do.
Tony has got as many CDs as I do.

24 It isn’t necessary to water the plants for me.
You don’t have to water the plants for me.

25 A designer won’t make her dress.
She won’t have her dress made by a designer.

26 You should get more exercise.
If I were you I would get more exercise.

27 That’s the city Tolstoy was born in.
That is the city where Tolstoy was born.

28 ‘I can’t speak French,’ Sam said to me.
Sam told me he couldn’t speak French.

Источник

1 I’d prefer you not to turn on the TV when I’m reading.
RATHER
I’d _ _ _ _ _ turn on the TV when I’m reading. (4 words)

2 We paid someone to fix the roof for us last summer.
HAD
Last summer, we _ _ _ _ _. (4 words)

3 «You played your music too loud last night,» Jan said to Ben angrily.
ACCUSED
Jan _ _ _ _ _ his music too loud the previous night. (4 words)

4 I know it’s dangerous, but I love hang gliding.
MAY
Dangerous _ _ _ _ _, I love hang gliding. (4 words)

5 Please do those photocopies whenever you have the time.
HAPPEN
Please do those photocopies if _ _ _ _ _ the time. (4 words)

6 «Ivan took the money, not his brother Dylan,» Susan said.
IT
According to Susan, _ _ _ _ _ took the money, not Dylan. (4words)

7 The shop was closed for a week while they decorated it.
DONE
While it _ _ _ _ _, the shop was closed for a week. (4 words)

8 None of the phones were left when we got to the shop.
TIME
_ _ _ _ _ the shop, all the phones had been sold.

9 I didn’t know it was Carl until he took off his hat.
WHEN
Only _ _ _ _ _ his hat did I recognise Carl. (4 words)

10 Perhaps John heard the story from Pippa.
HAVE
Pippa might _ _ _ _ _ story. (4 words)

Источник

by Adam Skimins 7th March 2022

Exercises

Article navigation:: (FCE) 40 Key Word Transformation: Exercises; B2 First (FCE) Use of English Part 4: Tips & Strategy

The important thing in key word transformations is that you keep the meaning the same – EXACTLY the same. So it’s important that you read through the first sentence and your second sentence to ensure you have kept the meaning the same. Look at these two sentences:

Tommy said he was ready for his driving test and would take it in July.
Tommy said he was ready for his driving test and could take it in July.

One letter has been changed, from “would” to “could” but it changes the meaning of the sentence totally. Be careful of this!

A good way to practise this part of the FCE exam is to get used to writing and re-writing sentences using different structures and without changing the meaning.

(FCE) 40 Key Word Transformation: Exercises

Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

Nobody took any notice of his bad behaviour.

Nobodypaid ATTENTION to (ATTENTION) his bad behaviour.

You should try and take advantage of his help.

You should try and (MOST) help he gives you.

make the most of themake the most of any

You must include the word given (MOST)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

My sister was involved in her school spelling competition.

My sister (PART) spelling competition.

took part in her schoolwas part of her school

You must include the word given (PART)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Could they grow anything here after the war?

Were (ABLE) here after the war?

they able to grow anything

You must include the word given (ABLE)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

‘Why didn’t you call me?’ asked Joe.

Joe (ASKED) not called him.

asked me why i hadasked why i had

You must include the word given (ASKED)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Driving that fast was a stupid thing to do.

If (ONLY) driving so fast.

only i hadn’t beenonly i had not been

You must include the word given (ONLY)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

I hadn’t seen my sister for about a year, when I saw her last.

About (GONE) before I saw my sister again, after the last time I saw her.

a year had gone by

You must include the word given (GONE)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

Nobody took any notice of his bad behaviour.

Nobodypaid ATTENTION to (ATTENTION) his bad behaviour.

I don’t earn anything like the amount I did before.

I earn (NOWHERE) as I did before.

nowhere near as much

You must include the word given (nowhere)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

The date for the Barcelona Conference is the 23rd of March.

The Barcelona Conference (PLACE) the 23rd of March.

takes placewill take placeis taking place on

You must include the word given (place)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

The house was not very attractive in appearance when we first saw it.

The house was (MUCH) at when we first saw it.

not much to look

You must include the word given (much)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

No-one wants to buy this type of music any more.

There (LONGER) for this type of music.

is no longer any demand

You must include the word given (longer)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Looking back, I think I was right to study mathematics at university.

Looking back, I (REGRET) mathematics at university.

do not regret studyingdon’t regret studying

You must include the word given (regret)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Our spending will have to be reduced next year.

We will have (BACK) our spending next year.

to cut back on

You must include the word given (back)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

Nobody took any notice of his bad behaviour.

Nobodypaid ATTENTION to (ATTENTION) his bad behaviour.

While we were going home yesterday we got caught in a thunderstorm.

We got caught in a thunderstorm while we were (WAY) yesterday.

on our way home

You must include the word given (way)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Has Mary altered her decision about moving to the countryside?

Do you know if Mary (MIND) about moving to the countryside?

has changed her mind

You must include the word given (mind)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

I’d like Kevin to stop telling me what to do.

I (WISH) telling me what to do!

wish kevin would stopwish that kevin would stop

You must include the word given (wish)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

‘Are you pleased it’s nearly half-term?’ said the teacher to us.

The teacher wanted (KNOW) pleased it was nearly half-term.

to know if we were

You must include the word given (know)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

We are earning less than we are spending, I’m afraid.

Our (EXPENDITURE) our income, I’m afraid.

expenditure is more thanexpenditure is greater than

You must include the word given (expenditure)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

I don’t think having luxuries in life is necessary.

I don’t (NECESSITY) having luxuries in life.

see the necessity ofsee the necessity insee any necessity ofsee any necessity in

You must include the word given (necessity)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

Nobody took any notice of his bad behaviour.

Nobodypaid ATTENTION to (ATTENTION) his bad behaviour.

I am starting to find watching television boring.

I am beginning to get (FED) television.

fed up with watching

You must include the word given (fed)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Bad weather makes me feel really unhappy in the winter.

Bad weather (DOWN) in the winter.

really gets me down

You must include the word given (down)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Fog delayed my flight to Moscow this morning.

My flight to Moscow (UP) this morning

was held up by fog

You must include the word given (up)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Help was urgently needed in the flooded area of the country.

They were (NEED) in the flooded area of the country.

in urgent need of help

You must include the word given (need)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

I went to Italy with the intention of learning Italian.

I went to Italy (THAT) Italian.

so that i could learn

You must include the word given (that)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Remember to return the videos you have rented.

Don’t (BACK) the videos you have rented.

forget to take backforget to bring back

You must include the word given (back)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Complete the sentence so that it has a similar meaning. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

Nobody took any notice of his bad behaviour.

Nobodypaid ATTENTION to (ATTENTION) his bad behaviour.

To tell the truth, we need a swimming pool for this school.

To tell the truth, (WHAT) a swimming pool for this school.

what we need is

You must include the word given (what)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Do you know whose this umbrella is, by any chance?

Do you know (BELONGS), by any chance?

who this umbrella belongs to

You must include the word given (belongs)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Was it Paul’s idea to go to the cinema?

Was it Paul (CAME) the idea of going to the cinema?

who came up withthat came up with

You must include the word given (came)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

The boats began to move slowly out of the harbour.

The boats slowly (WAY) out of the harbour.

made their way

You must include the word given (way)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

One runner did not succeed in finishing the race.

One runner (ABLE) the race.

wasn’t able to finishwas not able to finish

You must include the word given (able)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

It is not my fault that the glass broke.

You cannot (BLAME) the glass.

blame me for breaking

You must include the word given (blame)You must use beetwen 2 and 5 words.

Would you pass B2 First (FCE)?

B2 First (FCE) Use of English Part 4: Tips & Strategy

B2 First (FCE) Use of English: Part 4 question type here is called key word transformation.

You must complete a new sentence that has a similar meaning. You use a word in capitals given in bold for each sentence, which you must not change.

Strategy

Read the sentence carefully and think about its exact meaning.
Check your tenses – if the first sentence is in the past tense, the second should be, too!
Contractions (e.g. haven’t) count as two words.
Try to keep the same meaning – If the first sentence says ‘Tom said…’ then don’t write ‘He said…’ in the second sentence. (Write ‘Tom said’.)
Write between two and five words, including the word given.

Tips

Find things that are the same in both sentences and delete them. That helps you to focus on what you actually need to be transforming.

Because of the scoring system, it’s possible to get 50% in this section without getting any of the questions 100% correct. So it’s worth answering every question! Even incomplete answers can get points

Make absolutely sure that the two sentences mean the same thing. For example, if the sentence to transform has names in it, the answer will have to have them too.

Would you pass B2 First (FCE)?

Источник

Recommended textbook solutions

The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric

Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C

Technical Writing for Success

Technical Writing for Success

Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) / KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS

cambridge english: ADVANCED (cea)
KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS

practice tests

(FCE) 40 Key Word Transformation: Exercises

Would you pass B2 First (FCE)?

B2 First (FCE) Use of English Part 4: Tips & Strategy

Strategy

Tips

Would you pass B2 First (FCE)?

1	1	D	5	D	9 D	13	C	17	C
	2	B	6	A	10	C	14	B	18	B
	3	C	7	C	11	A	15	D	19	B
	4	D	8	C	12	D	16	A	20	D
2	1	C	5	A	9 A	13	A	17	C
	2	B	6	D	10	A	14	D	18	C
	3	D	7	B	11	B	15	A	19	A
	4	B	8	C	12	D	16	B	20	B

B 1	B	34	B	67	D	100	D	133	D
2	C	35	A	68	C	101	B	134	D
3	A	36	B	69	A	102	A	135	A
4	D	37	C	70	C	103	D	136	C
5	D	38	D	71	D	104	A	137	A
6	C	39	A	72	C	105	B	138	A
7	C	40	C	73	C	106	A	139	A
8	D	41	C	74	A	107	D	140	C
9	A	42	B	75	A	108	B	141	B
10	D	43	A	76	C	109	C	142	A
11	D	44	D	77	C	110	D	143	D
12	A	45	B	78	B	111	C	144	A
13	D	46	A	79	A	112	C	145	C
14	D	47	B	80	B	113	A	146	D
15	B	48	C	81	D	114	D	147	B
16	A	49	A	82	A	115	C	148	C
17	C	50	C	83	C	116	A	149	B
18	D	51	B	84	C	117	B	150	D
19	A	52	D	85	B	118	A	151	A
20	C	53	C	86	B	119	D	152	A
21	B	54	D	87	D	120	A	153	D
22	C	55	B	88	C	121	B	154	D
23	B	56	B	89	B	122	B	155	D
24	D	57	C	90	B	123	B	156	D
25	C	58	B	91	A	124	C	157	D
26	A	59	A	92	C	125	A	158	B
27	C	60	D	93	D	126	C	159	D
28	A	61	D	94	D	127	C	160	A
29	D	62	D	95	B	128	C	161	C
30	B	63	A	96	A	129	A	162	C
31	B	64	D	97	C	130	C	163	C
32	B	65	B	98	C	131	D	164	B
33	B	66	B	99	C	132	A	165	A

1	1	D	5	D	9 D	13	C	17	C
	2	B	6	A	10	C	14	B	18	B
	3	C	7	C	11	A	15	D	19	B
	4	D	8	C	12	D	16	A	20	D
2	1	C	5	A	9 A	13	A	17	C
	2	B	6	D	10	A	14	D	18	C
	3	D	7	B	11	B	15	A	19	A
	4	B	8	C	12	D	16	B	20	B

B 1	B	34	B	67	D	100	D	133	D
2	C	35	A	68	C	101	B	134	D
3	A	36	B	69	A	102	A	135	A
4	D	37	C	70	C	103	D	136	C
5	D	38	D	71	D	104	A	137	A
6	C	39	A	72	C	105	B	138	A
7	C	40	C	73	C	106	A	139	A
8	D	41	C	74	A	107	D	140	C
9	A	42	B	75	A	108	B	141	B
10	D	43	A	76	C	109	C	142	A
11	D	44	D	77	C	110	D	143	D
12	A	45	B	78	B	111	C	144	A
13	D	46	A	79	A	112	C	145	C
14	D	47	B	80	B	113	A	146	D
15	B	48	C	81	D	114	D	147	B
16	A	49	A	82	A	115	C	148	C
17	C	50	C	83	C	116	A	149	B
18	D	51	B	84	C	117	B	150	D
19	A	52	D	85	B	118	A	151	A
20	C	53	C	86	B	119	D	152	A
21	B	54	D	87	D	120	A	153	D
22	C	55	B	88	C	121	B	154	D
23	B	56	B	89	B	122	B	155	D
24	D	57	C	90	B	123	B	156	D
25	C	58	B	91	A	124	C	157	D
26	A	59	A	92	C	125	A	158	B
27	C	60	D	93	D	126	C	159	D
28	A	61	D	94	D	127	C	160	A
29	D	62	D	95	B	128	C	161	C
30	B	63	A	96	A	129	A	162	C
31	B	64	D	97	C	130	C	163	C
32	B	65	B	98	C	131	D	164	B
33	B	66	B	99	C	132	A	165	A

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cambridge english: ADVANCED (cea)
KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS

1	1	D	5	D	9 D	13	C	17	C
	2	B	6	A	10	C	14	B	18	B
	3	C	7	C	11	A	15	D	19	B
	4	D	8	C	12	D	16	A	20	D
2	1	C	5	A	9 A	13	A	17	C
	2	B	6	D	10	A	14	D	18	C
	3	D	7	B	11	B	15	A	19	A
	4	B	8	C	12	D	16	B	20	B

B 1	B	34	B	67	D	100	D	133	D
2	C	35	A	68	C	101	B	134	D
3	A	36	B	69	A	102	A	135	A
4	D	37	C	70	C	103	D	136	C
5	D	38	D	71	D	104	A	137	A
6	C	39	A	72	C	105	B	138	A
7	C	40	C	73	C	106	A	139	A
8	D	41	C	74	A	107	D	140	C
9	A	42	B	75	A	108	B	141	B
10	D	43	A	76	C	109	C	142	A
11	D	44	D	77	C	110	D	143	D
12	A	45	B	78	B	111	C	144	A
13	D	46	A	79	A	112	C	145	C
14	D	47	B	80	B	113	A	146	D
15	B	48	C	81	D	114	D	147	B
16	A	49	A	82	A	115	C	148	C
17	C	50	C	83	C	116	A	149	B
18	D	51	B	84	C	117	B	150	D
19	A	52	D	85	B	118	A	151	A
20	C	53	C	86	B	119	D	152	A
21	B	54	D	87	D	120	A	153	D
22	C	55	B	88	C	121	B	154	D
23	B	56	B	89	B	122	B	155	D
24	D	57	C	90	B	123	B	156	D
25	C	58	B	91	A	124	C	157	D
26	A	59	A	92	C	125	A	158	B
27	C	60	D	93	D	126	C	159	D
28	A	61	D	94	D	127	C	160	A
29	D	62	D	95	B	128	C	161	C
30	B	63	A	96	A	129	A	162	C
31	B	64	D	97	C	130	C	163	C
32	B	65	B	98	C	131	D	164	B
33	B	66	B	99	C	132	A	165	A