From excel to sas

In this article, we will discuss 3 methods to import an Excel file into SAS.

You can import an Excel file with the PROC IMPORT procedure, the LIBNAME statement, or the Import Data wizard in SAS University Edition. It is not possible to import an Excel with a SAS Data Step.

Sample Data

In the examples in this article, we will import the file “shoes.xlsx“. This file has 395 rows (excluding the header) and 7 columns.

Below we show the first 10 rows.

The file above is based on the SHOES dataset from the SASHELP library. To follow the examples in this article, you could export this dataset as an Excel file first and save it as “shoes.xlsx“.

The easiest method to import an Excel File into SAS is with PROC IMPORT. The PROC IMPORT procedure provides you great flexibility. For example, you can specify the sheet you want to import and start the import from the second row.

How to Import an Excel File into SAS with PROC IMPORT

These are the steps to import an Excel File in SAS:

1. Define the location, file name, and file extension

The first argument of the PROC IMPORT procedure is the FILE=-argument. This argument specifies the location, file name, and file extension of the Excel file. This information must be enclosed in double-quotes.

2. Specify the SAS output dataset

The second argument of the PROC IMPORT procedure is the OUT=-argument. This argument identifies the name of the SAS output dataset.

3. Specify the type of data to import

The third argument of the PROC IMPORT procedure is the DBMS=-argument. DBMS stands for Database Management Systems and specifies the file type of data to import. For example, CSV, XLSX, or TXT.

The code below shows how to import the shoes.xlsx file and create the SAS dataset work.shoes with PROC IMPORT.

proc import file="/folders/myfolders/import/shoes.xlsx"
    out=work.shoes
    dbms=xlsx;
run;
 
proc print data=work.shoes (obs=6) noobs;
run;

If you run the code above, SAS writes a message to the log indicating how many rows and columns were imported.

The image below shows the data that SAS imported.

How to Override an Existing Data Set

By default, the PROC IMPORT procedure doesn’t overwrite existing datasets. For example, if you re-run the code above, SAS writes a note to the log and cancels the import.

proc import file="/folders/myfolders/import/shoes.xlsx"
    out=work.shoes
    dbms=xlsx;
run;

So, how can you overwrite an existing SAS dataset while reading an Excel file? You can add the REPLACE option to the PROC IMPORT procedure to overwrite a SAS dataset.

The REPLACE option must be placed after the DBMS=-argument.

proc import file="/folders/myfolders/import/shoes.xlsx"
    out=work.shoes
    dbms=xlsx
    replace;
run;

How to Import an Excel File without Header

The PROC IMPORT procedure expects that the first row of your file contains a header. But, how do you import an Excel file into SAS without a header?

The file shoes_no_header.xlsx contains the data of the SHOES dataset from the SASHELP library, but without a header.

If you use the standard code to import an Excel file, SAS converts the first row into the column names of the new dataset.

proc import file="/folders/myfolders/import/shoes_no_header.xlsx"
    out=work.shoes
    dbms=xlsx
    replace;
run; 
 
proc print data=work.shoes (obs=6) noobs;
run;

To import an Excel file without a header, you need the GETNAMES=-option. This option lets the PROC IMPORT procedure know that the CSV file has column names or not.

By default, the value of the GETNAMES=-option is YES. However, if the import file doesn’t have a header, you need to use GETNAMES=NO.

The code below shows how to use the GETNAMES=-option.

proc import file="/folders/myfolders/import/shoes_no_header.xlsx"
    out=work.shoes
    dbms=xlsx
    replace;
    getnames=no;
run; 
 
proc print data=work.shoes (obs=6) noobs;
run;

If you use the GETNAMES=NO option, then SAS sets the variables names to A, B, C, etc. Moreover, the first row of the Excel file is the first row of the data set.

The image below shows the result of importing an Excel file with the GETNAMES=NO options.

After importing the file, you can change the column names with the RENAME=-option.

Do you know? How to Rename Variables in SAS

How to Define the Start Row of an Excel File

Normally, the data of an Excel file starts on the first row. But, how do you import an Excel file with data not starting at the first row?

For example, the shoes_startrow.xlsx file contains the data of the SHOES dataset from the SASHELP library. However, in contrast to previous examples, the data starts in the fourth row.

If you would run the standard code of the PROC IMPORT procedure, SAS creates a dataset where the first rows are completely blank.

proc import file="/folders/myfolders/import/shoes_startrow.xlsx"
    out=work.shoes
    dbms=xlsx
    replace;
run; 
 
proc print data=work.shoes (obs=6) noobs;
run;

You could use a filter to remove the blank rows. Obviously, this is not an optimal solution. So, how do you select a starting row when you import an Excel file?

You can use the DATAROW=-option to start the import of an Excel file from a specified row. If you use this option, the GETNAMES=-option won’t work. The GETNAMES=-option only works if the variable names are in the first row.

In the example below, we use the DATAROW=-option to read an Excel file where the data starts at the 4th row.

proc import file="/folders/myfolders/import/shoes_startrow.xlsx"
    out=work.shoes
    dbms=xlsx
    replace;
    datarow=4;
run; 
 
proc print data=work.shoes (obs=6) noobs;
run;

After importing the file, you need the RENAME=-option to change the column names.

So, you can use the DATAROW=-option to define the first row with data in your Excel file. However, a similar option to define the first column with data doesn’t exist.

If your Excel file has empty columns, you can still import it and remove the empty columns afterward.

How to Import a Range of an Excel File

Normally, when you read an Excel file into SAS, you want the entire sheet. However, it might happen that you are interested in just a selection of the data. So, how to import a specific range of data into SAS?

You read a specific range from an Excel file into SAS with the RANGE=-option of the PROC IMPORT procedure. This option specifies the Excel sheet and the cells that SAS will import. The range must be written between (double) quotes.

For example, we would like to import the range of cells highlighted in blue from the sheet “Sheet1“.

We can use the RANGE=-option to specify the range we want to import into SAS. To read only the blue cells, we use RANGE=”Sheet1$C4:I15″.

proc import file="/folders/myfolders/import/shoes_range"
    out=work.shoes
    dbms=xlsx
    replace;
    range="Sheet1$C4:I15";
run;

When you use the RANGE=-option to import a selection of an Excel file, SAS assumes that the first row contains the column names.

How to Import a Specific Sheet of an Excel File

An Excel file can contain one or more sheets. By default, SAS imports the first sheet. However, how to import a specific sheet from an Excel file into SAS?

The SHEET=-option of the PROC IMPORT procedure lets you specify the sheet you want to import. You must write the name of the sheet between (double) quotes. With the SHEET=-option you can also import sheets with spaces in their names.

In the example below, our Excel file has three sheets. We want to import the sheet “Sheet2“.

The following SAS code shows an example of how to import a specific sheet. To import “Sheet2“, we use SHEET=”Sheet2″.

proc import file="/folders/myfolders/import/shoes_sheet"
    out=work.shoes
    dbms=xlsx
    replace;
    sheet="Sheet2";
run;
 
proc print data=work.shoes (obs=6) noobs;
run;

If you want to import all the sheets of an Excel file, you can use the LIBNAME statement.

Import an Excel File into SAS with a LIBNAME Statement

The PROC IMPORT procedure is a convenient way to import an Excel file. However, you can also use the LIBNAME statement.

In this section, we demonstrate how to read Excel data with a LIBNAME statement into SAS.

How to Import an Excel File into SAS with a LIBNAME Statement

With the LIBNAME statement you can import Excel files. The statement starts with the LIBNAME keyword, followed by the library name, the XLSX keyword, and the location of the Excel file.

The name of the library can be up to 8 characters long and must start with an alphabetical character or an underscore.

The XLSX keyword lets SAS know to treat the file as an Excel file. Instead of XLSX, you can also use the Excel keyword.

The location of the file contains both the path and the name of the file. You write them between (double) quotes.

libname myfile XLSX "/folders/myfolders/import/shoes.xlsx";

If you run the code above, SAS will create the library “myfile” and write a message to the log.

The image below shows the contents of the library.

How to Import Multiple Excel Sheets into SAS

In a previous section we showed how to import a specific sheet from an Excel file. This method works fine, but requires a lot of code if your file as many sheets. So, how to import all sheet from an Excel file into SAS?

The LIBNAME statement imports all sheets of an Excel file into SAS. It creates a library where each sheets is saved as a SAS dataset. The statement start with the LIBNAME keyword, followed by the name of the library, the XLSX keyword, and the location of the Excel file.

Hence, the LIBNAME statement provides a convenient and efficient way to import at once all sheets of an Excel file. However, it lacks the flexibility of the PROC IMPORT procedure to define the header, the first row with data, or the range you want to import.

Below we demonstrate how to import all sheets from the “shoes_sheet.xslx” file.

libname myfile XLSX "/folders/myfolders/import/shoes_sheet.xlsx";

If you run the code above (and refresh the Libraries), you will see that SAS created the library “myfile” with one dataset for each Excel sheet.

Once imported all the sheets, you can use the two-level name to access each dataset. For example, below we create a report of the first six rows of Sheet1.

proc print data=myfile.sheet1 (obs=6) noobs;
run;

Note that, you can use the LIBNAME statement also to export a SAS dataset to Excel.

Import an Excel File into SAS University Edition

So far, we’ve shown how to import Excel files with PROC IMPORT and the LIBNAME statement. However, if you work with SAS University Edition (or SAS Studio), you can read Excel data without writing code.

Although, the Import Data wizard is convenient to import data without writining code, it has also its drawbacks. For example, you can’t import a range of data, or start reading data from a specified row.

Import an Excel File into SAS with a DATA STEP

In this article, we have demonstrated three methods to import an Excel file into SAS. Nevertheless, a common question is how to import an Excel file with a Data Step?

In contrast to a CSV file, you can’t import an Excel file with a SAS data step. To import an Excel file into SAS you need to use the PROC IMPORT procedure or the LIBNAME statement.

I resolved a similar problem in SAS 9.2 importing in two strokes, one to explore the sheet and one to extract the data.

This is a generalisation of what I did there, but excuse me for posting source I did not test : I do not have SAS installed on my PC.
Let us asume your data could looks like this (when saved as tab delimited file):

            Some title that does not interust us        
Author  Dirk Horsten                
Date    01-Jan-15               
Other   Irrelevant thing                

        Bar Foo     Val Remark
        A   Alfa    1   This is the first line
        B   Beta    2   This is the second line
        C   Gamma   3   This is the last line

So the actual data starts at cell C6 with the column header «Bar». Let us also assume we know to find columns «Foo», «Bar» and «Val» and probably some other columns that do not interest us, in an unknown order, and we do not know upfront how many data lines there are.

Now, we naively import the sheet a first time and query sasHelp to find out what was read:;

/** First stroke import, to explore the content of the sheet **/
proc import datafile="&file_name" out=temp_out dbms=excelcs replace;
    sheet="&sheet_name";
run; 

/** Find out what SAS read in **/
proc sql;
    select couint(*) into :nrColstempCos separ by ' '
    from sashelp.vcolumn where libName = 'WORK' and memName = 'TEMP_OUT';

    select name into :tempCos separated by ' '
    from sashelp.vcolumn where libName = 'WORK' and memName = 'TEMP_OUT';
quit;

Next we look for the headers and the data, so we know how to read it properly.;
This works if all columns were interpreated as character values, but unfortunately Excel can not be forced to do so.

data _null_;
    set temp_out end=last;
    array temp {*} &tempCols.;

    retain foo_col bar_col val_col range_bottom 0; 
    if not (foo_col and bar_col and val_col) then do;
        range_left = 0;
        range_right = 0;

        /* Find out if we finally found the headers */
        do col = 1 to &nrCols.;
            select (upcase(temp(col));
                when ('FOO') do;
                    foo_col = col;
                    if not range_left then range_left = col;
                    rang_right = col;
                end;
                when ('BAR') do;
                    bar_col = col;
                    if not range_left then range_left = col;
                    rang_right = col;
                end;
                when ('VALUE') do;
                    val_col = col;
                    if not range_left then range_left = col;
                    rang_right = col;
                end;
                otherwise;
            end;
        end;
        if (foo_col and bar_col and val_col) then do;
            /** remember where the headers were found **/
            range_top = _N_ + 1;
            call symput ('rangeTop', range_top);

            rangeLeft = byte(rank('A') + range_left - 1);   
            call symput ('rangeLeft', rangeLeft);

            rangeRight = byte(rank('A') + range_right - 1); 
            call symput ('rangeRight', rangeRight);
        end;
    end; 
    else do;
        /** find out if there is data on this line **/
        if (temp(foo_col) ne '' and temp(bar_col) ne '' and temp(val_col) ne '') 
            then range_bottom = _N_ + 1;
    end;

    /** remember where the last data was found **/
    if last then call symput ('rangeBottom', range_bottom);
run;

To calculate rangeTop and rangeBottom, we take into account that the _N_th observation in SAS comes from the N+1th line in excel, because the first excel row is interpreted as the headers.

To calculate rangeLeft and rangeRight, we must find the relative position to the left columen in the range we will read and translate that into letters

Now we read in the relevant data only;

/** Second stroke import, to read in the actual data **/
proc import datafile="&file_name" out=&out_ds dbms=excelcs replace;
    sheet="&heet_name";
    range="&rangeLeft.&rangeTop.&rangeRight.&rangeBottom.";
run; 

Success. Feel free to test this code, if your have SAS on your computer and correct it.