Formula vba excel описание

This tutorial will teach you how to create cell formulas using VBA.

Formulas in VBA

Using VBA, you can write formulas directly to Ranges or Cells in Excel. It looks like this:

Sub Formula_Example()

    'Assign a hard-coded formula to a single cell
    Range("b3").Formula = "=b1+b2"
    
    'Assign a flexible formula to a range of cells
    Range("d1:d100").FormulaR1C1 = "=RC2+RC3"

End Sub

There are two Range properties you will need to know:

• .Formula – Creates an exact formula (hard-coded cell references). Good for adding a formula to a single cell.
• .FormulaR1C1 – Creates a flexible formula. Good for adding formulas to a range of cells where cell references should change.

For simple formulas, it’s fine to use the .Formula Property.  However, for everything else, we recommend using the Macro Recorder…

Macro Recorder and Cell Formulas

The Macro Recorder is our go-to tool for writing cell formulas with VBA.  You can simply:

• Start recording
• Type the formula (with relative / absolute references as needed) into the cell & press enter
• Stop recording
• Open VBA and review the formula, adapting as needed and copying+pasting the code where needed.

I find it’s much easier to enter a formula into a cell than to type the corresponding formula in VBA.

Notice a couple of things:

• The Macro Recorder will always use the .FormulaR1C1 property
• The Macro Recorder recognizes Absolute vs. Relative Cell References

VBA FormulaR1C1 Property

The FormulaR1C1 property uses R1C1-style cell referencing (as opposed to the standard A1-style you are accustomed to seeing in Excel).

Here are some examples:

Sub FormulaR1C1_Examples()

    'Reference D5 (Absolute)
    '=$D$5
    Range("a1").FormulaR1C1 = "=R5C4"
    
    'Reference D5 (Relative) from cell A1
    '=D5
    Range("a1").FormulaR1C1 = "=R[4]C[3]"
    
    'Reference D5 (Absolute Row, Relative Column) from cell A1
    '=D$5
    Range("a1").FormulaR1C1 = "=R5C[3]"
    
    'Reference D5 (Relative Row, Absolute Column) from cell A1
    '=$D5
    Range("a1").FormulaR1C1 = "=R[4]C4"

End Sub

Notice that the R1C1-style cell referencing allows you to set absolute or relative references.

Absolute References

In standard A1 notation an absolute reference looks like this: “=$C$2”.  In R1C1 notation it looks like this: “=R2C3”.

To create an Absolute cell reference using R1C1-style type:

• R + Row number
• C + Column number

Example:  R2C3 would represent cell $C$2 (C is the 3rd column).

    'Reference D5 (Absolute)
    '=$D$5
    Range("a1").FormulaR1C1 = "=R5C4"

Relative References

Relative cell references are cell references that “move” when the formula is moved.

In standard A1 notation they look like this: “=C2”. In R1C1 notation, you use brackets [] to offset the cell reference from the current cell.

Example: Entering formula “=R[1]C[1]” in cell B3 would reference cell D4 (the cell 1 row below and 1 column to the right of the formula cell).

Use negative numbers to reference cells above or to the left of the current cell.

    'Reference D5 (Relative) from cell A1
    '=D5
    Range("a1").FormulaR1C1 = "=R[4]C[3]"

Mixed References

Cell references can be partially relative and partially absolute.  Example:

    'Reference D5 (Relative Row, Absolute Column) from cell A1
    '=$D5
    Range("a1").FormulaR1C1 = "=R[4]C4"

VBA Formula Property

When setting formulas with the .Formula Property you will always use A1-style notation.  You enter the formula just like you would in an Excel cell, except surrounded by quotations:

    'Assign a hard-coded formula to a single cell
    Range("b3").Formula = "=b1+b2"

VBA Formula Tips

Formula With Variable

When working with Formulas in VBA, it’s very common to want to use variables within the cell formulas.  To use variables, you use & to combine the variables with the rest of the formula string. Example:

Sub Formula_Variable()
    Dim colNum As Long
    colNum = 4

    Range("a1").FormulaR1C1 = "=R1C" & colNum & "+R2C" & colNum

End Sub

VBA Programming | Code Generator does work for you!

Formula Quotations

If you need to add a quotation (“) within a formula, enter the quotation twice (“”):

Sub Macro2()
    Range("B3").FormulaR1C1 = "=TEXT(RC[-1],""mm/dd/yyyy"")"
End Sub

A single quotation (“) signifies to VBA the end of a string of text. Whereas a double quotation (“”) is treated like a quotation within the string of text.

Similarly, use 3 quotation marks (“””) to surround a string with a quotation mark (“)

MsgBox """Use 3 to surround a string with quotes"""
' This will print <"Use 3 to surround a string with quotes"> immediate window

Assign Cell Formula to String Variable

We can read the formula in a given cell or range and assign it to a string variable:

'Assign Cell Formula to Variable
Dim strFormula as String
strFormula = Range("B1").Formula

Different Ways to Add Formulas to a Cell

Here are a few more examples for how to assign a formula to a cell:

1. Directly Assign Formula
2. Define a String Variable Containing the Formula
3. Use Variables to Create Formula

Sub MoreFormulaExamples ()
' Alternate ways to add SUM formula
' to cell B1
'
  Dim strFormula as String
  Dim cell as Range
  dim fromRow as long, toRow as long

  Set cell = Range("B1")

  ' Directly assigning a String
  cell.Formula = "=SUM(A1:A10)"

  ' Storing string to a variable
  ' and assigning to "Formula" property
  strFormula = "=SUM(A1:A10)"
  cell.Formula = strFormula

  ' Using variables to build a string 
  ' and assigning it to "Formula" property
  fromRow = 1
  toRow   = 10
  strFormula = "=SUM(A" & fromValue & ":A" & toValue & ")
  cell.Formula = strFormula
End Sub

Refresh Formulas

As a reminder, to refresh formulas, you can use the Calculate command:

Calculate

To refresh single formula, range, or entire worksheet use .Calculate instead:

Sheets("Sheet1").Range("a1:a10").Calculate

It is possible to use Excel’s ready-to-use formulas through VBA programming. These are properties that can be used with Range or Cells.

VBA Formula

Formula adds predefined Excel formulas to the worksheet. These formulas should be written in English even if you have a language pack installed.

    Range("F2").Formula = "=SUM(B2:C7)"
    Range("F3").Formula = "=SUM($B$2:$C$7)"

Do not worry if the language of your Excel is not English because, as in the example, it will do the translation to the spreadsheet automatically.

Multiple formulas

You can insert multiple formulas at the same time using the Formula property. To do this, simply define a Range object that is larger than a single cell, and the predefined formula will be «dragged» across the range.

«Dragging» manually:

«Dragging» by VBA:

    Range("D2:D7").Formula = "=SUM(B2:C2)"

    Range("D2").Formula = "=SUM(B2:C2)"
    Range("D2:D7").FillDown

VBA FormulaLocal

FormulaLocal adds predefined Excel formulas to the worksheet. These formulas, however, should be written in the local language of Excel (in the case of Brazil, in Portuguese).

    Range("F2").FormulaLocal = "=SOMA(B2:C7)"

Just as the Formula property, FormulaLocal can be used to make multiple formulas.

VBA FormulaR1C1

FormulaR1C1, as well as Formula and FormulaLocal, also adds pre-defined Excel formulas to the spreadsheet; however, the use of relative and absolute notations have different rules. The formula used must be written in English.

FormulaR1C1 is the way to use Excel’s ready-to-use formulas in VBA by easily integrating them into loops and counting variables.

In the notations:

• R refers to rows, in the case of vertical displacement
• C refers to columns, in the case of horizontal displacement
• N symbolizes an integer that indicates how much must be shifted in number of rows and/or columns

• Relative notation: Use as reference the Range that called it

The format of the relative formula is: R[N]C[N]:R[N]C[N].

    Range("F2").FormulaR1C1 = "=SUM(R[0]C[-4]:R[5]C[-3])" 'Equals the bottom row
    Range("F2").FormulaR1C1 = "=SUM(RC[-4]:R[5]C[-3])"

When N is omitted, the value 0 is assumed.

In the example, RC[-4]:R[5]C[-3] results in «B2: C7». These cells are obtained by: receding 4 columns to the left RC[-4] from Range(«F2») to obtain «B2»; and 5 lines down and 3 columns to the left R[5]C[-3] from Range(«F2») to obtain «C7».

• Absolute notation: Use the start of the spreadsheet as a reference

The format of the relative formula is: RNCN:RNCN.

    Range("F2").FormulaR1C1 = "=SUM(R2C2:R7C3)" 'Results in "$B$2:$C$7"

N negative can only be used in relative notation.

    Range("F2").FormulaR1C1 = "=SUM(RC[-4]:R7C3)" 'Results in "B2:$C$7"

VBA WorksheetFunction

Excel formulas can also be accessed by object WorksheetFunction methods.

    Range("F2") = WorksheetFunction.Sum(Range("B2:C7"))

Excel formulas can also be accessed similarly to functions created in VBA.

The formulas present in the WorksheetFunction object are all in English.

One of the great advantages of accessing Excel formulas this way is to be able to use them more easily in the VBA environment.

    MsgBox (WorksheetFunction.Sum(3, 4, 5))
    Expense=4
    MsgBox (WorksheetFunction.Sum(3, 4, 5,-Expense))

To list the available Excel formulas in this format, simply type WorksheetFunction. that automatically an option menu with all formulas will appear:

Consolidating Your Learning

Suggested Exercise

Итог: ознакомьтесь с 3 советами по написанию и созданию формул в макросах VBA с помощью этой статьи и видео.

Уровень мастерства: Средний

Автоматизировать написание формул

Написание формул может быть одной из самых трудоемких частей
вашей еженедельной или ежемесячной задачи Excel. Если вы работаете над
автоматизацией этого процесса с помощью макроса, вы можете попросить VBA
написать формулу и ввести ее в ячейки.

Поначалу написание формул в VBA может быть немного сложнее,
поэтому вот три совета, которые помогут сэкономить время и упростить процесс.

Совет № 1: Свойство Formula

Свойство Formula является членом объекта Range в VBA. Мы можем использовать его для установки / создания формулы для отдельной ячейки или диапазона ячеек.

Есть несколько требований к значению формулы, которые мы устанавливаем с помощью свойства Formula:

1. Формула представляет собой строку текста, заключенную в кавычки. Значение формулы должно начинаться и заканчиваться кавычками.
2. Строка формулы должна начинаться со знака равенства = после первой кавычки.

Вот простой пример формулы в макросе.

Sub Formula_Property()

  ' Формула представляет собой строку текста, заключенную в кавычки
  ' Начинается со знака =
  Range("B10").Formula = "=SUM(B4:B9)"

End Sub

Свойство Formula также можно использовать для чтения существующей формулы в ячейке.

Совет № 2: Используйте Macro Recorder

Если ваши формулы более сложные или содержат специальные
символы, их будет сложнее написать в VBA. К счастью, мы можем использовать
рекордер макросов, чтобы создать код для нас.

Вот шаги по созданию кода свойства формулы с помощью средства записи макросов.

1. Включите средство записи макросов (вкладка «Разработчик»> «Запись макроса»)
2. Введите формулу или отредактируйте существующую формулу.
3. Нажмите Enter, чтобы ввести формулу.
4. Код создается в макросе.

Если ваша формула содержит кавычки или символы амперсанда, макрос записи будет учитывать это. Он создает все подстроки и правильно упаковывает все в кавычки. Вот пример.

Sub Macro10()
' Используйте средство записи макросов для создания кода для сложных формул с
' специальны символы и относительные ссылки

  ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "=""Total Sales: "" & TEXT(R[-5]C,""$#,###"")"
    
End Sub

Совет № 3: Нотация формулы стиля R1C1

Если вы используете средство записи макросов для формул, вы
заметите, что он создает код со свойством FormulaR1C1.

Нотация стиля R1C1 позволяет нам создавать как относительные (A1), абсолютные ($A$1), так и смешанные ($A1, A$1) ссылки в нашем макрокоде.

R1C1 обозначает строки и столбцы.

Относительные ссылки

Для относительных ссылок мы указываем количество строк и
столбцов, которые мы хотим сместить от ячейки, в которой находится формула.
Количество строк и столбцов указывается в квадратных скобках.

Следующее создаст ссылку на ячейку, которая на 3 строки выше
и на 2 строки справа от ячейки, содержащей формулу.

Отрицательные числа идут вверх по строкам и столбцам слева.

Положительные числа идут вниз по строкам и столбцам справа.

Абсолютные ссылки

Мы также можем использовать нотацию R1C1 для абсолютных ссылок. Обычно это выглядит как $A$2.

Для абсолютных ссылок мы НЕ используем квадратные скобки. Следующее создаст прямую ссылку на ячейку $A$2, строка 2, столбец 1

При создании смешанных ссылок относительный номер строки или
столбца будет зависеть от того, в какой ячейке находится формула.

Проще всего использовать макро-рекордер, чтобы понять это.

Свойство FormulaR1C1 и свойство формулы

Свойство FormulaR1C1 считывает нотацию R1C1 и создает
правильные ссылки в ячейках. Если вы используете обычное свойство Formula с
нотацией R1C1, то VBA попытается вставить эти буквы в формулу, что, вероятно,
приведет к ошибке формулы.

Поэтому используйте свойство Formula, если ваш код содержит
ссылки на ячейки ($ A $ 1), свойство FormulaR1C1, когда вам нужны относительные
ссылки, которые применяются к нескольким ячейкам или зависят от того, где
введена формула.

Если ваша электронная таблица изменяется в зависимости от
условий вне вашего контроля, таких как новые столбцы или строки данных,
импортируемые из источника данных, то относительные ссылки и нотация стиля
R1C1, вероятно, будут наилучшими.

Я надеюсь, что эти советы помогут. Пожалуйста, оставьте
комментарий ниже с вопросами или предложениями.

Bottom line: Learn 3 tips for writing and creating formulas in your VBA macros with this article and video.

Skill level: Intermediate

Video Tutorial

Download the File

Download the Excel file to follow along with the video.

Automate Formula Writing

Writing formulas can be one of the most time consuming parts of your weekly or monthly Excel task.  If you’re working on automating that process with a macro, then you can have VBA write the formula and input it into the cells for you.

Writing formulas in VBA can be a bit tricky at first, so here are 3 tips to help save time and make the process easier.

Tip #1: The Formula Property

The Formula property is a member of the Range object in VBA.  We can use it to set/create a formula for a single cell or range of cells.

There are a few requirements for the value of the formula that we set with the Formula property:

1. The formula is a string of text that is wrapped in quotation marks.  The value of the formula must start and end in quotation marks.
2. The formula string must start with an equal sign = after the first quotation mark.

Here is a simple example of a formula in a macro.

Sub Formula_Property()

  'Formula is a string of text wrapped in quotation marks
  'Starts with an = sign
  Range("B10").Formula = "=SUM(B4:B9)"

End Sub

The Formula property can also be used to read an existing formula in a cell.

Tip #2: Use the Macro Recorder

When your formulas are more complex or contain special characters, they can be more challenging to write in VBA.  Fortunately we can use the macro recorder to create the code for us.

Here are the steps to creating the formula property code with the macro recorder.

1. Turn on the macro recorder (Developer tab > Record Macro)
2. Type your formula or edit an existing formula.
3. Press Enter to enter the formula.
4. The code is created in the macro.

If your formula contains quotation marks or ampersand symbols, the macro recorder will account for this.  It creates all the sub-strings and wraps everything in quotes properly. Here is an example.

Sub Macro10()
'Use the macro recorder to create code for complex formulas with
'special characters and relative references

  ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "=""Total Sales: "" & TEXT(R[-5]C,""$#,###"")"
    
End Sub

Tip #3: R1C1 Style Formula Notation

If you use the macro recorder for formulas, you will notices that it creates code with the FormulaR1C1 property.

R1C1 style notation allows us to create both relative (A1), absolute ($A$1), and mixed ($A1, A$1) references in our macro code.

R1C1 stands for Rows and Columns.

Relative References

For relative references we specify the number of rows and columns we want to offset from the cell that the formula is in.  The number of rows and columns are referenced in square brackets.

The following would create a reference to a cell that is 3 rows above and 2 rows to the right of the cell that contains the formula.

R[-3]C[2]

Negative numbers go up rows and columns to the left.

Positive numbers go down rows and columns to the right.

Absolute References

We can also use R1C1 notation for absolute references.  This would typically look like $A$2.

For absolute references we do NOT use the square brackets.  The following would create a direct reference to cell $A$2, row 2 column 1

R2C1

Mixed References

with mixed references we add the square brackets for either the row or column reference, and no brackets for the other reference.  The following formula in cell B2 would create this reference to A$2, where the row is absolute and the column is relative.

R2C[-1]

When creating mixed references, the relative row or column number will depend on what cell the formula is in.

It’s easiest to just use the macro recorder to figure these out.

FormulaR1C1 Property versus Formula Property

The FormulaR1C1 property reads the R1C1 notation and creates the proper references in the cells.  If you use the regular Formula property with R1C1 notation, then VBA will attempt to put those letters in the formula, and it will likely result in a formula error.

Therefore, use the Formula property when your code contains cell references ($A$1), the FormulaR1C1 property when you need relative references that are applied to multiple cells or dependent on where the formula is entered.

If your spreadsheet changes based on conditions outside your control, like new columns or rows of data are imported from the data source, then relative references and R1C1 style notation will probably be best.

I hope those tips help.  Please leave a comment below with questions or suggestions.