Forms of the word colloquial

разговорный, нелитературный, разговорный язык

прилагательное

- разговорный (о языке, словах, выражениях)
- употребляющий разговорные слова и выражения

существительное

- лингв. разговорный язык

Словосочетания

a colloquial essay on what makes a marriage successful — очерк на тему «Ключ к успешному браку», написанный в разговорном стиле  
spoken / colloquial English — разговорный английский  
colloquial expression — разговорный оборот  
colloquial flavour — особенность разговорной речи  
colloquial / informal language — язык неофициального общения, разговорный язык  
colloquial phrase — разговорное выражение  
colloquial form — разговорная форма  
colloquial speech — разговорная речь  
colloquial word — разговорное слово  
popular / colloquial language — просторечие  
colloquial language — разговорный язык  

Примеры с переводом

Примеры, ожидающие перевода

Возможные однокоренные слова

colloquialism  — коллоквиализм, разговорное слово, разговорное выражение

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

1751, from earlier term colloquy (“a conversation”), from Latin colloquium (“conference, conversation”), from con- (“together”) + loquor (“to speak”), + -al.

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /kəˈləʊ.kwɪəl/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /kəˈloʊ.kwi.əl/
• Hyphenation: col‧lo‧qui‧al

Adjective[edit]

colloquial (comparative more colloquial, superlative most colloquial)

1. (linguistics) Characteristic of familiar conversation, of common parlance; informal.

   You’re using too many colloquial words in this cover letter: I suggest changing «I picked up loads of cool skills» to «I acquired a great deal of positive abilities»

   The colloquial and at times sarcastic tone of her books make her popular with teenagers.

2. Of or pertaining to a conversation; conversational or chatty.

Usage notes[edit]

It is a common misconception that colloquial somehow denotes «local» or a word being «regional». This is not the case; the word root for colloquial is related to locution, not location. A more appropriate word for describing «local» or «regional» language is vernacular.

Note that while colloquy and colloquium refer to formal conversation, colloquial refers instead specifically to informal conversation (casual tone). This does not always mean spoken as opposed to written, but it always means informal as opposed to formal.

Synonyms[edit]

• casual
• colloq., coll.

Antonyms[edit]

• noncolloquial

Derived terms[edit]

[edit]

• colloquium
• colloquy

Translations[edit]

See also[edit]

• argot
• slang
• vernacular

Noun[edit]

colloquial (plural colloquials)

1. A colloquial word or phrase, colloquialism

[edit]

• colloquialism

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‘colloquial‘ also found in these entries (note: many are not synonyms or translations):

Last Updated:
9 Apr 2023
— Updated example sentences

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Translations

Colloquial
words are characteristic of the informal style of spoken English. One
should distinguish between literary (standard) colloquial words as
units of Standard English and non-literary colloquialisms that belong
to sub-standard English vocabulary.

Literary
colloquial words are used in everyday conversations both by educated
and uneducated people and are also met in written literary texts. As
for their etymology and structure literary colloquial words are
closer to neutral words than to literary-bookish units, but, as a
rule, have stronger emotional colouring. They are formed on standard
word-formative patterns (for instance, contraction, phrasal verbs and
nouns, etc,). Some of them are particularly frequent: granny,
birdie, touchy, make-up, put up, etc.

Non-literary
colloquial words include slang, jargonisms, professionalisms and
vulgarisms. Slang comprises highly informal words not accepted for
dignified use. Such words are expressive sub-standard substitutes for
current words of standard vocabulary. As a rule, their meanings are
based on metaphor and have ironic colouring, e.g. attic
(“head”),
beans
(“money”),
saucers
(“eyes”),
etc. Such words are easily understood by all native speakers, because
they are not specific for any social or professional group.

Informal
words peculiar for a certain social or professional group should be
considered as jargonisms. Such words are usually motivated and, like
slang words, have metaphoric character, e.g. bird
(“spacecraft”) /astronauts’ jargon/; to
grab
(“to make an impression on smb.”) /newspaper jargon/; grass,
tea, weed
(сорняк)
(“narcotic”) / drug addicts’ jargon/, etc.

Among
social jargons cant (тайный
язык,
арго)
or argot (thieves jargon) stands somewhat apart. Cant words are
non-motivated and have special “agreed-upon”, secretive meanings,
e.g. book
(“life sentence”), splosh
(“money”), to rap
(“to kill”), etc.

Professionalisms
are sub-standard colloquial words used by people of a definite trade
or profession. Such words are informal substitutes for corresponding
terms, e.g. Hi-Fi
(“high fidelity”), smash-up
(“accident”), anchor
(“brakes”), etc.

Vulgarisms
include: a) expletives (бранные
слова)
and swear words of abusive character, like damn,
bloody,
etc.; b) obscene (непристойный)
(or taboo, four-letter) words which are highly indecent.

Тема 8. Слово та фразеологічні одиниці.

Phraseological
fusions
are completely non-motivated word-groups, such as red
tape
— ‘bureaucratic
methods’; heavy
father
— ’serious
or solemn part in a theatrical play’; kick
the bucket
— ‘die’;
and the like. The meaning of the components has no connections
whatsoever, at least synchronically, with the meaning of the whole
group. Idiomaticity is, as a rule, combined with complete stability
of the lexical components and the grammatical structure of the
fusion.

Phraseological
unities
are partially non-motivated as their meaning can usually be perceived
through the metaphoric meaning of the whole phraseological unit. For
example, to
show one’s teeth, to wash one’s dirty linen in public if
interpreted as semantically motivated through the combined lexical
meaning of the component words would naturally lead one to understand
these in their literal meaning. The metaphoric meaning of the whole
unit, however, readily suggests ‘take a threatening tone’ or
’show an intention to injure’ for show
one’s teeth
and
‘discuss or make public one’s quarrels’ for wash
one’s dirty linen in public.
Phraseological
unities are as a rule marked by a comparatively high degree of
stability of the lexical components.

Phraseological
collocations
are motivated but they are made up of words possessing specific
lexical valency which accounts for a certain degree of stability in
such word-groups. In phraseological collocations variability of
member-words is strictly limited. For instance, bear
a grudge
may
be changed into bear
malice,
but
not into bear
a fancy or liking.
We can
say take
a liking (fancy)
but
not take
hatred (disgust).
These
habitual collocations tend to become kind of clichés¹
where
the meaning of member-words is to some extent dominated by the
meaning of the whole group. Due to this phraseological collocations
are felt as possessing a certain degree of semantic inseparability.

Another
angle from which the problem of phraseology is viewed is the
so-called functional approach. This approach assumes that
phraseological units may be defined as specify word-groups
functioning as word-equivalents.¹
The
fundamental features of phraseological units thus understood are
their semantic and grammatical inseparability which are regarded as
distinguishing features of isolated words.

It
will be recalled that when we compare a free word-group, e.g, heavy
weight,
and
a phraseological unit, e.g.
heavy
father, we
observe that in the case of the free wordgroup each of the
member-words has its own denotational meaning. So the lexical meaning
of the word-group can be adequately described as the combined lexical
meaning of its constituents. In the case of the phraseological unit,
however, the denotational meaning belongs to the word-group as a
single semantically inseparable unit. The individual member-words do
not seem to possess any lexical meaning outside the meaning of the
group. The same is true of the stylistic reference and emotive charge
of phraseological units. In free word-groups each of the components
preserves as a rule its own stylistic reference. This can be readily
observed in the stylistic effect produced by free word-groups made up
of words of widely different stylistic value, e.g. to
commence to scrub, valiant chap and
the like.

A
certain humorous effect is attained because one of the member-words
(commence,
valiant)
is
felt as belonging to the bookish stylistic layer, whereas the other
(scrub,
chap)
is
felt as stylistically neutral or colloquial. When we say, however,
that kick
the bucket
is
highly colloquial or heavy
father
is
a professional term, we do not refer to the stylistic value of the
component words of these phraseological units kick,
bucket, heavy or father,
but
the stylistic value of the word-group as a single whole. Taken in
isolation the words are stylistically neutral. It follows that
phraseological units are characterised by a single stylistic
reference irrespective of the number and nature of their component
words. Semantic inseparability of phraseological units is viewed as
one of the aspects of idiomaticity which enables us to regard them
as semantically equivalent to single words.

The
term grammatical
inseparability
implies that the grammatical meaning or, to be more exact, the
part-of-speech meaning of phraseological units is felt as belonging
to the word-group as a whole irrespective of the part-of-speech
meaning of the component words. Comparing the free word-group, e.g. a
long day,
and
the phraseological unit, e.g. in
the long run,
we
observe that in the free word-group the noun day
and
the adjective long
preserve
the part-of-speech meaning proper to these words taken in isolation.
The whole group is viewed as composed of two independent units
(adjective and noun). In the phraseological unit in
the long run the
part-of-speech meaning belongs to the group as a single whole. In
the long run is
grammatically equivalent to single adverbs, e.g. finally,
ultimately, firstly, etc.
Grammatical inseparability of phraseological units viewed as one of
the aspects of idiomaticity enables us to regard them as
grammatically equivalent to single words.

Proceeding
from the assumption that phraseological units are non-motivated
word-groups functioning as word-equivalents by virtue of their
semantic and grammatical inseparability, we may classify them into
noun equivalents (e.g.
heavy father),
verb
equivalents (e.g. take
place, break the news),
adverb
equivalents (e.g. in
the long run),
etc.

An
attempt
is also made to distinguish phraseological units as word-equivalents
from idioms
proper, i.e. idiomatic units such as that’s
where the shoe pinches, the cat is out of the bag, what will Mrs
Grundy say?,
etc. Unlike phraseological units, proverbs, sayings and quotations do
not always function as word-equivalents. They exist as ready-made
expressions with a specialised meaning of their own which cannot be
inferred from the meaning of their components taken singly. A proverb
is a short familiar epigrammatic saying expressing popular wisdom, a
truth or a moral lesson in a concise and imaginative way. Proverbs
have much in common with set expressions, because their lexical
components are also constant, their meaning is traditional and mostly
figurative, and they are introduced into speech ready-made. As to
familiar
quotations,
they are different from proverbs in their origin. They come from
literature but by and by they become part and parcel of the language,
so that many people using them do not even know that they are
quoting. Some quotations are so often used that they come to be
considered clichés.
The term comes from the printing trade. The cliché
(the word is French) is a metal block used for printing pictures and
turning them out in great numbers. The term is used to denote such
phrases as have become hackneyed and stale. Being constantly and
mechanically repeated they have lost their original expressiveness
and so are better avoided. The following are perhaps the most
generally recognised: astronomical
figures, the arms of Morpheus, to break the
ice,
the irony of fate, stand shoulder to shoulder, swan song, toe the
line, tender mercies, etc.

We
shall distinguish set
expressions
that are nominal phrases: the
wot of the trouble’, verbal
phrases: put
one’s best foot forward; adjectival
phrases: as
good as gold; red as a cherry; adverbial
phrases: from
head to foot; prepositional
phrases: in
the course of; conjunctional
phrases: as
long as, on the other hand; interjectional
phrases: Well,
I never!
A
stereotyped
sentence also introduced into speech as a ready-made formula may be
illustrated by Never
say die! ‘never
give up hope’, take
your time ‘do
not hurry’.

The
above classification takes into consideration not only the type of
component parts but also the functioning of the whole, thus, tooth
and nail is
not a nominal but an adverbial unit, because it serves to modify a
verb (e. g. fight
tooth and nail); the
identically structured lord
and master is
a nominal phrase. Moreover, not every nominal phrase is used in all
syntactic functions possible for nouns. Thus, a
bed of roses or
a
bed of nails and
forlorn
hope are
used only predicatively.

Set
expressions have their own specific features, which enhance their
stability and cohesion. These are their euphonic,
imaginative
and connotative
qualities. It has been often pointed out that many set expressions
are distinctly rhythmical, contain alliteration, rhyme, imagery,
contrast, are based on puns, etc.

Rhythmic
qualities are characteristic of almost all set expressions. They are
especially marked in such pairs as far
and wide, far and near ‘many
places both near and distant’; by
fits and starts ‘irregularly’;
heart
and soul ‘with
complete devotion to a cause’. Rhythm is combined with reiteration
in the following well-known phrases: more
and more, on and on, one by one, through and through. Alliteration
occurs in many cases: part
and parcel ‘an
essential and necessary part’; with
might and main ‘with
all one’s powers’; from
pillar
to post’, in for a penny, in for a pound’, head over heels;
without rhyme or
reason’, pick of the pops’, a bee in one’s bonnet’, the why
and wherefore. Rhyme
is also characteristic of set expressions: fair
and square ‘honest’;
by
hook or by crook ‘by
any method, right or wrong’; high
and dry was
originally used about ships, meaning ‘out of the water’; at
present it is mostly used figuratively in several metaphorical
meanings: ‘isolated’, ‘left without help’, ‘out of date’.

Semantic
stylistic
features
contracting set expressions
into units of fixed context are simile,
contrast,
metaphor
and synonymy.
For example: as
like as two peas, as old as the hills and older than the hills
(simile);
from
beginning to end, for love or money, more or less, sooner or later
(contrast);
a
lame duck, a pack of lies, arms race, to swallow the pill, in a
nutshell (metaphor);
by
leaps and bounds, proud and haughty (synonymy).
A few more combinations
of different features in the same phrase are: as
good as gold, as pleased as Punch, as fit as a fiddle (alliteration,
simile); now
or never, to kill or cure (alliteration
and contrast).

For
all practical purposes the boundary between set expressions and free
phrases is vague.

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Asked by: Jarod Farrell

Score: 4.5/5
(22 votes)

Colloquialism or colloquial language is the linguistic style used for casual communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the idiom normally employed in conversation and other informal contexts.

What is an example of a colloquial sentence?

Colloquial sentence example. His colloquial talents were indeed of the highest order. The merchant families of Iannina are well educated; the dialect spoken in that town is the purest specimen of colloquial Greek. His sermons were colloquial , simple, full of conviction and point.

What is the full meaning of colloquial?

1a : used in or characteristic of familiar and informal conversation In colloquial English, «kind of» is often used for «somewhat» or «rather.» also : unacceptably informal. b : using conversational style a colloquial writer. 2 : of or relating to conversation : conversational colloquial expressions.

What is colloquial and its examples?

Contractions: Words such as “ain’t” and “gonna” are examples of colloquialism, as they are not used widely throughout English-speaking populations. … A good example is the word “bloody” which is a simple adjective in American English, but is a curse word in British English.

How do you use colloquialism in a sentence?

1 The writer aerateed his writing with a persuasive colloquialism. 2 Her speech is informal and filled with colloquialism. 3 ‘Bike’ is a colloquialism. 4 Often current slang and colloquialisms make up the bulk of such people’s language.

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