Fixed columns in excel

Freeze panes to lock rows and columns

To keep an area of a worksheet visible while you scroll to another area of the worksheet, go to the View tab, where you can Freeze Panes to lock specific rows and columns in place, or you can Split panes to create separate windows of the same worksheet.

Freeze rows or columns

Freeze the first column

Select View > Freeze Panes > Freeze First Column.

The faint line that appears between Column A and B shows that the first column is frozen.

Freeze the first two columns

Select the third column.

Select View > Freeze Panes > Freeze Panes.

Freeze columns and rows

Select the cell below the rows and to the right of the columns you want to keep visible when you scroll.

Select View > Freeze Panes > Freeze Panes.

Unfreeze rows or columns

On the View tab > Window > Unfreeze Panes.

Note: If you don’t see the View tab, it’s likely that you are using Excel Starter. Not all features are supported in Excel Starter.

Need more help?

You can always ask an expert in the Excel Tech Community or get support in the Answers community.

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Resize a table, column, or row

Adjust the table size, column width, or row height manually or automatically. You can change the size of multiple columns or rows and modify the space between cells. If you need to add a table to your Word document, see Insert a table.

In this article

Change column width

To change the column width, do one of the following:

To use your mouse, rest the cursor on right side of the column boundary you want to move until it becomes a resize cursor , and then drag the boundary until the column is the width you want.

To change the width to a specific measurement, click a cell in the column that you want to resize. On the Layout tab, in the Cell Size group, click in the Table Column Width box, and then specify the options you want.

To make the columns in a table automatically fit the contents, click on your table. On the Layout tab, in the Cell Size group, click AutoFit, and then click AutoFit Contents.

To use the ruler, select a cell in the table, and then drag the markers on the ruler. If you want to see the exact measurement of the column on the ruler, hold down ALT as you drag the marker.

Change row height

To change the row height, do one of the following:

To use your mouse, rest the pointer on the row boundary you want to move until it becomes a resize pointer , and then drag the boundary.

To set the row height to a specific measurement, click a cell in the row that you want to resize. On the Layout tab, in the Cell Size group, click in the Table Row Height box, and then specify the height you want.

To use the ruler, select a cell in the table, and then drag the markers on the ruler. If you want to see the exact measurement of row on the ruler, hold down ALT as you drag the marker.

Make multiple columns or rows the same size

Select the columns or rows you want to make the same size. You can press CTRL while you select to choose several sections that are not next to each other.

On the Layout tab, in the Cell Size group, click Distribute Columns or Distribute Rows .

The entire table

Rest the pointer over the table until the table move handle appears, and then click the table move handle.

Click to the left of the row.

A column or columns

Click the column’s top gridline or border.

Click the left edge of the cell.

Resize a column or table automatically with AutoFit

Automatically adjust your table or columns to fit the size of your content by using the AutoFit button.

Select your table.

On the Layout tab, in the Cell Size group, click AutoFit.

Do one of the following.

To adjust column width automatically, click AutoFit Contents.

To adjust table width automatically, click AutoFit Window.

Note: Row height automatically adjusts to the size of the content until you manually change it.

Turn off AutoFit

If you don’t want AutoFit to automatically adjust your table or column width, you can turn it off.

Select your table.

On the Layout tab, in the Cell Size group, click AutoFit.

Click Fixed Column Width.

Resize an entire table manually

Rest the cursor on the table until the table resize handle appears at the lower-right corner of the table.

Rest the cursor on the table resize handle until it becomes a double-headed arrow .

Drag the table boundary until the table is the size you want.

Add or change the space inside the table

To add space inside your table, you can adjust cell margins or cell spacing.

Cell margins are inside the table cell, like the blue arrow on the top of the graphic. Cell spacing is between the cells, like the orange arrow on the bottom.

Click the table.

On the Layout tab, in the Alignment group, click Cell Margins, and then in the Table Options dialog box

Do one of the following:

Under Default cell margins, enter the measurement you want to adjust the Top, Bottom, Left, or Right margins.

Under Default cell spacing, select the Allow spacing between cells check box, and then enter the measurement you want.

Note: The settings that you choose are available only in the active table. Any new tables that you create will use the original default setting.

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Freeze Columns in Excel

Freezing columns in excel fixes or locks them so that they remain visible while scrolling through the database. A frozen column does not move with the movement of the remaining columns.

For example, freezing the first column (column A) ensures that it stays at its place at the time of navigation through the rest of the columns. Moreover, if column A consists of headings, the user may want to view these while working on the other columns of the dataset.

The objectives of freezing an excel column are:

• To ensure that the user does not lose track of the specific column
• To facilitate comparison of different columns of the worksheet

Freezing columns prevents the user from referring to the same column again and again. In other words, the frozen columns save the scrolling time of the user.

All the properties of the frozen column apply to the frozen row as well.

• Freeze panes–It freezes multiple rows and columns.
• Freeze top row–It freezes only the first row.
• Freeze first column–It freezes only the first column.

After freezing a row or column in excel, a grey line appears at the end of the frozen area. This line indicates that the row or column has been frozen.

Table of contents

Let us go through the ways of freezing the first excel column, multiple columns, and both rows and columns.

#1 Freeze the First Column in Excel

Freezing the first column locks column A of the worksheet. This means that on moving from left to right, this column will be visible at all times.

In addition, column A is fixed irrespective of the column from which the actual data begins. The excel shortcut to freeze the first column is “Alt+W+F+C” (when pressed one by one).

Let us consider an example.

Example #1

The following table shows the sales revenue (in $) generated by the products of specific segments. The data relates to various countries and is spread across the first five months of the year 2015.

We want to freeze the first excel column (column A).

In order to view the column “segment” on a movement from left to right, we need to freeze it.

The steps for freezing the excel column are listed as follows:

Select the worksheet where the first column is to be frozen.

In the View tab, click the “freeze panes” drop-down under the “window” section. Select “freeze first column,” as shown in the succeeding image.

Alternatively, press the shortcut keys “Alt+W+F+C” one by one.

The first column is frozen. The grey line appears at the end of column A indicating that the column to the left is frozen. The column AB shown in the following image is the last scrolled column of the dataset.

On scrolling (from left to right) through the remaining columns of the dataset, column A is visible. The same is shown in the following image.

In the same way, the first row can be frozen.

#2 Freeze Multiple Columns in Excel

Freezing multiple excel columns is similar to freezing multiple rows. For freezing multiple columns, select the first right-hand side cell immediately after the last column to be frozen. This is because multiple columns are frozen based on the current selection.

Similarly, for freezing multiple rows, select the first cell immediately below the last row to be frozen.

For example, to freeze the columns A, B, and C, select the cell D1. By freezing the first three columns, they remain visible to the user at all times. Likewise, to freeze the rows 1, 2, and 3, select the cell A4.

The shortcut to freeze multiple excel columns is “Alt+W+F+F” (when pressed one by one).

Let us consider an example.

Example #2

Working on the data of example #1, we want to freeze the first four columns, A, B, C, and D.

The steps for freezing multiple excel columns are listed as follows:

Step 1: Select the cell E1. This is because the first four columns are to be frozen.

Step 2: In the View tab, click the “freeze panes” drop-down under the “window” section. Select “freeze panes,” as shown in the succeeding image.

Alternatively, press the shortcut keys “Alt+W+F+F” one by one.

Step 3: The first four columns are frozen. The grey line appears (shown in the following image) at the end of column D, indicating that the columns to the left are frozen.

The columns R and S shown in the following image are the scrolled columns towards the end of the dataset.

Step 4: On scrolling (from left to right) till the last column of the dataset, the first four columns are visible. The same is shown in the following image.

#3 Freeze the Row and Column Together in Excel

Usually, the first row and the first column of a database contain headers. The user might want to view the row 1 and the column A simultaneously and at all times. Hence, it is essential to lock them together to permit their visibility while scrolling down and from left to right.

The only difference between the methods #2 and #3 is in the selection of the cell (step 1). With the “freeze panes” option, Excel freezes the rows and columns preceding the current active cell.

The shortcut to freeze the row and column together is “Alt+W+F+F” (when pressed one by one).

Let us consider an example.

Example #3

Working on the data of example #1, we want to freeze the first row (row 1) and the first column (column A) at the same time.

The steps to freeze the excel row 1 and column A together are listed as follows:

Step 1: Select the cell B2.

Step 2: Press the shortcut keys “Alt+W+F+F” one by one. It freezes the column to the left of the selected cell B2. At the same time, the row preceding the active cell (B2) is also frozen, as shown in the following image.

Hence two grey lines appear, one at the end of row 1 (horizontal) and the other at the end of column A (vertical).

Note: Alternatively, the “freeze panes” option can be selected from the “freeze panes” drop-down of the View tab.

Step 3: On scrolling from top to bottom and left to right, the row 1 and column A are visible. The same is shown in the following image.

Note: It is possible to freeze as many rows and columns depending on the requirement. The condition is that freezing of multiple excel rows and columns should begin with the top row (row 1) and the first column (column A).

#4 Unfreeze Panes in Excel

Unfreezing of panes does not require any cells to be selected. The steps to unfreeze panes in Excel are listed as follows:

Step 1: In the View tab, click the “freeze panes” drop-down under the “window” section. Select “unfreeze panes,” as shown in the succeeding image.

Alternatively, press the shortcut keys “Alt+W+F+F” one by one.

Step 2: The grey lines are removed, as shown in the following image.

Note: The “unfreeze panes” option appears only after freezes have been applied to the Excel worksheet.

The Rules of Freezing in Excel

The norms governing the freezing of rows and columns are listed as follows:

• It is not possible to freeze excel rows and columns in the middle of the worksheet.
• The option “freeze panes” can be applied only once. It is not possible to create multiple “freeze panes” in a single worksheet.
• The rows and columns to be fixed should be visible at the time of freezing. Otherwise, they will remain hidden even after freezing.

Note 1: To divide a worksheet into two or more areas with separate scroll bars Scroll Bars In Excel, there are two scroll bars: one is a vertical scroll bar that is used to view data from up and down, and the other is a horizontal scroll bar that is used to view data from left to right. read more for each, use the “split” option. This is available in the “window” section of the View tab.

Note 2: To fix the header row of a large dataset that does not fit into the screen, create an Excel table Excel Table In excel, tables are a range with data in rows and columns, and they expand when new data is inserted in the range in any new row or column in the table. To use a table, click on the table and select the data range. read more . Moreover, ensure the visibility of this row by selecting any cell within the table before scrolling.

Frequently Asked Questions

Freezing a column means locking it in order to keep it visible while the user scrolls through the database. This is specifically helpful if a column contains headers which are required to be seen at all times.

After freezing, a grey line appears to indicate the frozen columns on its left. The steps to freeze the first column (column A) are listed as follows:

• In the View tab, click the “freeze panes” drop-down under the “window” section.
• Select “freeze first column.” Alternatively, press the shortcut keys “Alt+W+F+C” one by one.
• The first column (column A) is frozen.

Note: For freezing the first row, select “freeze top row” from the “freeze panes” drop-down of the View tab.

Let us freeze columns A, B, C, D, and E. The steps to freeze multiple columns in Excel are listed as follows:
• Select either the column or the first cell to the right of the last column to be frozen (column E). So, select either column F or the cell F1.
• In the View tab, click the “freeze panes” drop-down under the “window” section.
• Select “freeze panes.” Alternatively, press the shortcut keys “Alt+W+F+F” one by one.
• The columns A B, C, D, and E are frozen as indicated by the grey line at the end of column E.

Let us freeze rows 1, 2, and 3 and columns A, B, and C. The steps to freeze the given rows and columns together are listed as follows:
• Select cell D4 based on the following parameters:
a. It immediately follows the last row to be frozen (row 3).
b. It is to the right of the last column to be frozen (column C).
• In the View tab, click the “freeze panes” drop-down under the “window” section.
• Select “freeze panes.” Alternatively, press the shortcut keys “Alt+W+F+F” one by one.
• The rows 1, 2, and 3 and columns A, B, and C are frozen. This is indicated by the grey line appearing below row 3 and at the end of column C.

Note: The freezing of multiple excel rows and columns should begin with the top row (row 1) and the first column (column A).

Recommended Articles

This has been a guide to freezing columns in Excel. Here we discuss how to freeze the first column, multiple columns, and both rows and columns. For more on Excel, take a look at the following articles-

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Freezing columns in excel fixes or locks them so that they remain visible while scrolling through the database. A frozen column does not move with the movement of the remaining columns.

For example, freezing the first column (column A) ensures that it stays at its place at the time of navigation through the rest of the columns. Moreover, if column A consists of headings, the user may want to view these while working on the other columns of the dataset.

The objectives of freezing an excel column are:

• To ensure that the user does not lose track of the specific column
• To facilitate comparison of different columns of the worksheet

Freezing columns prevents the user from referring to the same column again and again. In other words, the frozen columns save the scrolling time of the user.

All the properties of the frozen column apply to the frozen row as well.

The “freeze panesFreezing panes in excel helps freeze one or more rows and/or columns so that they remain fixed while scrolling through the database.read more” drop-down under the View tab lists the following options:

• Freeze panes–It freezes multiple rows and columns.
• Freeze top row–It freezes only the first row.
• Freeze first column–It freezes only the first column.

After freezing a row or column in excel, a grey line appears at the end of the frozen area. This line indicates that the row or column has been frozen.

Let us go through the ways of freezing the first excel column, multiple columns, and both rows and columns.

#1 Freeze the First Column in Excel

Freezing the first column locks column A of the worksheet. This means that on moving from left to right, this column will be visible at all times.

In addition, column A is fixed irrespective of the column from which the actual data begins. The excel shortcut to freeze the first column is “Alt+W+F+C” (when pressed one by one).

Let us consider an example.

Example #1

The following table shows the sales revenue (in $) generated by the products of specific segments. The data relates to various countries and is spread across the first five months of the year 2015.

We want to freeze the first excel column (column A).

In order to view the column “segment” on a movement from left to right, we need to freeze it.

In the same way, the first row can be frozen.

#2 Freeze Multiple Columns in Excel

Freezing multiple excel columns is similar to freezing multiple rows. For freezing multiple columns, select the first right-hand side cell immediately after the last column to be frozen. This is because multiple columns are frozen based on the current selection.

Similarly, for freezing multiple rows, select the first cell immediately below the last row to be frozen.

For example, to freeze the columns A, B, and C, select the cell D1. By freezing the first three columns, they remain visible to the user at all times. Likewise, to freeze the rows 1, 2, and 3, select the cell A4.

The shortcut to freeze multiple excel columns is “Alt+W+F+F” (when pressed one by one).

Let us consider an example.

Example #2

Working on the data of example #1, we want to freeze the first four columns, A, B, C, and D.

The steps for freezing multiple excel columns are listed as follows:

Step 1: Select the cell E1. This is because the first four columns are to be frozen.

Step 2: In the View tab, click the “freeze panes” drop-down under the “window” section. Select “freeze panes,” as shown in the succeeding image.

Alternatively, press the shortcut keys “Alt+W+F+F” one by one.

Step 3: The first four columns are frozen. The grey line appears (shown in the following image) at the end of column D, indicating that the columns to the left are frozen.

The columns R and S shown in the following image are the scrolled columns towards the end of the dataset.

Step 4: On scrolling (from left to right) till the last column of the dataset, the first four columns are visible. The same is shown in the following image.

#3 Freeze the Row and Column Together in Excel

Usually, the first row and the first column of a database contain headers. The user might want to view the row 1 and the column A simultaneously and at all times. Hence, it is essential to lock them together to permit their visibility while scrolling down and from left to right.

The only difference between the methods #2 and #3 is in the selection of the cell (step 1). With the “freeze panes” option, Excel freezes the rows and columns preceding the current active cell.

The shortcut to freeze the row and column together is “Alt+W+F+F” (when pressed one by one).

Let us consider an example.

Example #3

Working on the data of example #1, we want to freeze the first row (row 1) and the first column (column A) at the same time.

The steps to freeze the excel row 1 and column A together are listed as follows:

Step 1: Select the cell B2.

Step 2: Press the shortcut keys “Alt+W+F+F” one by one. It freezes the column to the left of the selected cell B2. At the same time, the row preceding the active cell (B2) is also frozen, as shown in the following image.

Hence two grey lines appear, one at the end of row 1 (horizontal) and the other at the end of column A (vertical).

Note: Alternatively, the “freeze panes” option can be selected from the “freeze panes” drop-down of the View tab.

Step 3: On scrolling from top to bottom and left to right, the row 1 and column A are visible. The same is shown in the following image.

Note: It is possible to freeze as many rows and columns depending on the requirement. The condition is that freezing of multiple excel rows and columns should begin with the top row (row 1) and the first column (column A).

#4 Unfreeze Panes in Excel

Unfreezing of panes does not require any cells to be selected. The steps to unfreeze panes in Excel are listed as follows:

Step 1: In the View tab, click the “freeze panes” drop-down under the “window” section. Select “unfreeze panes,” as shown in the succeeding image.

Alternatively, press the shortcut keys “Alt+W+F+F” one by one.

Step 2: The grey lines are removed, as shown in the following image.

Note: The “unfreeze panes” option appears only after freezes have been applied to the Excel worksheet.

The Rules of Freezing in Excel

The norms governing the freezing of rows and columns are listed as follows:

• It is not possible to freeze excel rows and columns in the middle of the worksheet.
• The option “freeze panes” can be applied only once. It is not possible to create multiple “freeze panes” in a single worksheet.
• The rows and columns to be fixed should be visible at the time of freezing. Otherwise, they will remain hidden even after freezing.

Note 1: To divide a worksheet into two or more areas with separate scroll barsIn Excel, there are two scroll bars: one is a vertical scroll bar that is used to view data from up and down, and the other is a horizontal scroll bar that is used to view data from left to right.read more for each, use the “split” option. This is available in the “window” section of the View tab.

Note 2: To fix the header row of a large dataset that does not fit into the screen, create an Excel tableIn excel, tables are a range with data in rows and columns, and they expand when new data is inserted in the range in any new row or column in the table. To use a table, click on the table and select the data range.read more. Moreover, ensure the visibility of this row by selecting any cell within the table before scrolling.

Frequently Asked Questions

Recommended Articles

This has been a guide to freezing columns in Excel. Here we discuss how to freeze the first column, multiple columns, and both rows and columns. For more on Excel, take a look at the following articles-

• Adding Columns in ExcelAdding a column in excel means inserting a new column to the existing dataset.read more
• Group Excel ColumnsIn Excel, grouping one or more columns together in a worksheet is referred to as group column and I t allows you to contract or expand the column.read more
• Column Lock in ExcelThe Column Lock feature in Excel is designed to prevent any mishaps or unwanted modifications in data caused by a user’s mistake. It may be used on single or multiple columns, with cell formatting ranging from locked to unlocked, and the workbook can be password protected.read more
• Column Sort in Excel