Last update on January 14 2023 06:23:11 (UTC/GMT +8 hours)
Python String: Exercise-60 with Solution
Write a Python program to capitalize the first and last letters of each word in a given string.
Sample Solution-1:
Python Code:
def capitalize_first_last_letters(str1):
str1 = result = str1.title()
result = ""
for word in str1.split():
result += word[:-1] + word[-1].upper() + " "
return result[:-1]
print(capitalize_first_last_letters("python exercises practice solution"))
print(capitalize_first_last_letters("w3resource"))
Sample Output:
PythoN ExerciseS PracticE SolutioN W3ResourcE
Pictorial Presentation:
Flowchart:
Visualize Python code execution:
The following tool visualize what the computer is doing step-by-step as it executes the said program:
Sample Solution-2:
Capitalizes the first letter of a string.
- Use list slicing and str.upper() to capitalize the first letter of the string.
- Use str.join() to combine the capitalized first letter with the rest of the characters.
- Omit the lower_rest parameter to keep the rest of the string intact, or set it to True to convert to lowercase.
Python Code:
def capitalize_first_letter(s, lower_rest = False):
return ''.join([s[:1].upper(), (s[1:].lower() if lower_rest else s[1:])])
print(capitalize_first_letter('javaScript'))
print(capitalize_first_letter('python', True))
Sample Output:
JavaScript Python
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Python Code Editor:
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Previous: Write a Python program to find the maximum occuring character in a given string.
Next: Write a Python program to remove duplicate characters of a given string.
What is the difficulty level of this exercise?
Test your Programming skills with w3resource’s quiz.
Python: Tips of the Day
Casts the provided value as a list if it’s not one:
Example:
def tips_cast(val):
return list(val) if isinstance(val, (tuple, list, set, dict)) else [val]
print(tips_cast('bar'))
print(tips_cast([1]))
print(tips_cast(('foo', 'bar')))
Output:
['bar'] [1] ['foo', 'bar']
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Python program to capitalize the first and last letter of each word of a string
October 14, 2022
Capitalize the first and last letter of each word of a string
In this python program, we will be changing the case for the first and last character of the string. Changing case in the string doesn’t only change the look of the string but also changes its value in many ways like it change the ASCII value of the character and also changes its sensitivity because when we perform operations on string case sensitivity of a character changes many things like when you match a lowercase a with uppercase it will give false result.
Algorithm
- Step 1:- Start.
- Step 2:- Take user input.
- Step 3:- Slice string from 0 to 1 and convert its case to uppercase.
- Step 4:- Concatenate the string from 1 to length of string – 1.
- Step 5:- Concatenate last character after converting it to upper case.
- Step 6:- Print the string.
-
Step 7:- End.
Python program to convert first and last letter of string to Upper-Case
Objective – Write a python program to capitalize the first and last character of each word in a string
#take user input
String = input('Enter the String :')
#start slicing the String
#take 1st character and convert it to upper case
#Concatinate the string with remaning-1 length
#take last character and change it to uppercase and concatinate it to string
String = String[0:1].upper() + String[1:len(String)-1] + String[len(String)-1:len(String)].upper()
#print the String
print(String)
Output
Enter the String :Prepinsta PrepinstA
def FirstAndLast(string) :
# Create an equivalent char array of given string
ch = list(string);
i = 0 ;
while i < len(ch):
# k stores index of first character and i is going to store index of last character.
k = i;
while (i < len(ch) and ch[i] != ' ') :
i += 1;
# Check if the character is a small letter If yes, then Capitalise
if (ord(ch[k]) >= 97 and
ord(ch[k]) <= 122 ):
ch[k] = chr(ord(ch[k]) - 32);
else :
ch[k] = ch[k]
if (ord(ch[i - 1]) >= 90 and
ord(ch[i - 1]) <= 122 ):
ch[i - 1] = chr(ord(ch[i - 1]) - 32);
else :
ch[i - 1] = ch[i - 1]
i += 1
return "" . join(ch);
if __name__ == "__main__" :
string = "Prep insta";
print("Input string "+string);
print("String after Capitalize the first and last character of each word in a string:- "+FirstAndLast(string));
Output
Input string Prep insta String after Capitalize the first and last character of each word in a string:- PreP InstA
Note
The time complexity of above method is o(n) as we are iterating over the string once in the for loop
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4 comments on “Python program to capitalize the first and last letter of each word of a string”
-
mahesh
my_string = input(“>”)
b = my_string[0].upper() + my_string[1:-1] + my_string[-1].upper()
print(b)
0
-
Tejal
s=input()
result=”
for i in s.split():
result =result + i[0].upper()+ i[1:-1] + i[-1].upper() +” ”
print(result)1
-
BHANU
a=input()
print(a[0].upper()+a[1:len(a)-1]+a[len(a)-1].upper())2
-
2
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Given a string, the task is to print the first and last character of each word in a string.
Examples:
Input: Geeks for geeks Output: Gs fr gs Input: Computer applications Output: Cr as
Approach
- Run a loop from the first letter to the last letter.
- Print the first and last letter of the string.
- If there is a space in the string then print the character that lies just before space and just after space.
Below is the implementation of the above approach.
C++
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void FirstAndLast(string str)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)
{
if (i == 0)
cout<<str[i];
if (i == str.length() - 1)
cout<<str[i];
if (str[i] == ' ')
{
cout<<str[i-1]<<" "<<str[i+1];
}
}
}
int main()
{
string str = "Geeks for Geeks";
FirstAndLast(str);
}
Java
class GFG {
static void FirstAndLast(String str)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
if (i == 0)
System.out.print(str.charAt(i));
if (i == str.length() - 1)
System.out.print(str.charAt(i));
if (str.charAt(i) == ' ') {
System.out.print(str.charAt(i - 1)
+ " "
+ str.charAt(i + 1));
}
}
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
String str = "Geeks for Geeks";
FirstAndLast(str);
}
}
Python3
def FirstAndLast(string):
for i in range(len(string)):
if i == 0:
print(string[i], end = "")
if i == len(string) - 1:
print(string[i], end = "")
if string[i] == " ":
print(string[i - 1],
string[i + 1], end = "")
if __name__ == "__main__":
string = "Geeks for Geeks"
FirstAndLast(string)
C#
using System;
class GFG
{
static void FirstAndLast(string str)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < str.Length; i++)
{
if (i == 0)
Console.Write(str[i]);
if (i == str.Length - 1)
Console.Write(str[i]);
if (str[i] == ' ')
{
Console.Write(str[i - 1]
+ " "
+ str[i + 1]);
}
}
}
public static void Main()
{
string str = "Geeks for Geeks";
FirstAndLast(str);
}
}
Javascript
<script>
function FirstAndLast(str)
{
for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++)
{
if (i == 0)
document.write(str[i]);
if (i == str.length - 1)
document.write(str[i]);
if (str[i] === " ") {
document.write(str[i - 1] + " " + str[i + 1]);
}
}
}
var str = "Geeks for Geeks";
FirstAndLast(str);
</script>
Time Complexity: O(n) where n is the length of the string
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Another Approach:
In this approach we can split the string into words and then iterate through the words. For each word, we can print its first and last character.
we use stringstream to split the string into words. We then iterate through the words and print the first and last character of each word.
Implementation of the above approach:
C++
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void FirstAndLast(string str)
{
stringstream ss(str);
string word;
while (ss >> word) {
cout << word[0] << word[word.length() - 1] << " ";
}
}
int main()
{
string str = "Geeks for Geeks";
FirstAndLast(str);
}
Java
import java.util.*;
class Main {
public static void firstAndLast(String str) {
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(str);
while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String word = st.nextToken();
System.out.print(word.charAt(0) + "" + word.charAt(word.length() - 1) + " ");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Geeks for Geeks";
firstAndLast(str);
}
}
Python3
def FirstAndLast(string):
words = string.split()
for word in words:
print(word[0] + word[-1], end=" ")
if __name__ == '__main__':
string = "Geeks for Geeks"
FirstAndLast(string)
C#
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
class Program {
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string str = "Geeks for Geeks";
FirstAndLast(str);
}
static void FirstAndLast(string str)
{
List<string> words = str.Split(' ').ToList();
foreach(string word in words)
{
Console.Write(word[0]);
Console.Write(word[word.Length - 1]);
Console.Write(" ");
}
}
}
Javascript
function FirstAndLast(str) {
let words = str.split(" ");
let output = "";
for (let i = 0; i < words.length; i++) {
output += words[i][0] + words[i][words[i].length - 1] + " ";
}
console.log(output);
}
let str = "Geeks for Geeks";
FirstAndLast(str);
Time Complexity: O(N)
Space Complexity: O(1)
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Given a string which contains N words, This word can be from of single and multiple characters. Our goal is to capitalize the first and last letter of each word. for example.
Here given code implementation process.
/*
Java program for
Capitalize the first and last letter of each word of a String
*/
public class Replacement
{
public String capitalizeFirstAndLast(String text)
{
int n = text.length();
if (n == 1)
{
// When have less than one character
return text.toUpperCase();
}
if (n == 2)
{
// When only two characters
return text.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() +
text.substring(1, 2).toUpperCase();
}
return text.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() +
text.substring(1, n - 1) +
text.substring(n - 1, n).toUpperCase();
}
public void changeWord(String text)
{
// Get the length
int n = text.length();
if (n == 0)
{
return;
}
// Collecting words
String[] word = text.split(" ");
String result = "";
for (int i = 0; i < word.length; ++i)
{
if (i != 0)
{
result += " " + capitalizeFirstAndLast(word[i]);
}
else
{
result = capitalizeFirstAndLast(word[i]);
}
}
// Display given text
System.out.println("Given Text : " + text);
// Display calculated result
System.out.println(result);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Replacement task = new Replacement();
String text = "this is real";
task.changeWord(text);
text = "make a good code";
task.changeWord(text);
}
}Output
Given Text : this is real
ThiS IS ReaL
Given Text : make a good code
MakE A GooD CodEpackage main
import "fmt"
import "strings"
/*
Go program for
Capitalize the first and last letter of each word of a String
*/
type Replacement struct {}
func getReplacement() * Replacement {
var me *Replacement = &Replacement {}
return me
}
func(this Replacement) capitalizeFirstAndLast(text string) string {
var n int = len(text)
if n == 1 {
// When have less than one character
return strings.ToUpper(text)
}
if n == 2 {
// When only two characters
return strings.ToUpper(string(text[0])) +
strings.ToUpper(string(text[1]))
}
return strings.ToUpper(string(text[0])) +
text[1 : n - 1] +
strings.ToUpper(string(text[n-1]))
}
func(this Replacement) changeWord(text string) {
// Get the length
var n int = len(text)
if n == 0 {
return
}
// Collecting words
var word = strings.Split(text, " ")
var result string = ""
for i := 0 ; i < len(word) ; i++ {
if i != 0 {
result += " "+ this.capitalizeFirstAndLast(word[i])
} else {
result = this.capitalizeFirstAndLast(word[i])
}
}
// Display given text
fmt.Println("Given Text : ", text)
// Display calculated result
fmt.Println(result)
}
func main() {
var task * Replacement = getReplacement()
var text string = "this is real"
task.changeWord(text)
text = "make a good code"
task.changeWord(text)
}Output
Given Text : this is real
ThiS IS ReaL
Given Text : make a good code
MakE A GooD CodE
// Include namespace system
using System;
/*
Csharp program for
Capitalize the first and last letter of each word of a String
*/
public class Replacement
{
public String capitalizeFirstAndLast(String text)
{
int n = text.Length;
if (n == 1)
{
// When have less than one character
return text.ToUpper();
}
if (n == 2)
{
// When only two characters
return text.ToUpper();
}
return text.Substring(0, 1 ).ToUpper() +
text.Substring(1, n - 2 ) + text.Substring(n - 1, 1 ).ToUpper();
}
public void changeWord(String text)
{
// Get the length
int n = text.Length;
if (n == 0)
{
return;
}
// Collecting words
String[] word = text.Split(" ");
String result = "";
for (int i = 0; i < word.Length; ++i)
{
if (i != 0)
{
result += " " + this.capitalizeFirstAndLast(word[i]);
}
else
{
result = this.capitalizeFirstAndLast(word[i]);
}
}
// Display given text
Console.WriteLine("Given Text : " + text);
// Display calculated result
Console.WriteLine(result);
}
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
Replacement task = new Replacement();
String text = "this is real";
task.changeWord(text);
text = "make a good code";
task.changeWord(text);
}
}Output
Given Text : this is real
ThiS IS ReaL
Given Text : make a good code
MakE A GooD CodE<?php
/*
Php program for
Capitalize the first and last letter of each word of a String
*/
class Replacement
{
public function capitalizeFirstAndLast($text)
{
$n = strlen($text);
if ($n == 1)
{
// When have less than one character
return strtoupper($text);
}
if ($n == 2)
{
// When only two characters
return strtoupper(substr($text, 0, 1)).strtoupper(
substr($text, 1, 2 - 1));
}
return strtoupper(substr($text, 0, 1 )).substr(
$text, 1, $n - 2).strtoupper(substr($text, $n - 1, 1));
}
public function changeWord($text)
{
// Get the length
$n = strlen($text);
if ($n == 0)
{
return;
}
// Collecting words
$word = explode(" ", $text);
$result = "";
for ($i = 0; $i < count($word); ++$i)
{
if ($i != 0)
{
$result .= " ".$this->capitalizeFirstAndLast($word[$i]);
}
else
{
$result = $this->capitalizeFirstAndLast($word[$i]);
}
}
// Display given text
echo("Given Text : ".$text."n");
// Display calculated result
echo($result."n");
}
}
function main()
{
$task = new Replacement();
$text = "this is real";
$task->changeWord($text);
$text = "make a good code";
$task->changeWord($text);
}
main();Output
Given Text : this is real
ThiS IS ReaL
Given Text : make a good code
MakE A GooD CodE/*
Node JS program for
Capitalize the first and last letter of each word of a String
*/
class Replacement
{
capitalizeFirstAndLast(text)
{
var n = text.length;
if (n == 1)
{
// When have less than one character
return text.toUpperCase();
}
if (n == 2)
{
// When only two characters
return text.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() +
text.substring(1, 2).toUpperCase();
}
return text.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() +
text.substring(1, n - 1) + text.substring(n - 1, n).toUpperCase();
}
changeWord(text)
{
// Get the length
var n = text.length;
if (n == 0)
{
return;
}
// Collecting words
var word = text.split(" ");
var result = "";
for (var i = 0; i < word.length; ++i)
{
if (i != 0)
{
result += " " + this.capitalizeFirstAndLast(word[i]);
}
else
{
result = this.capitalizeFirstAndLast(word[i]);
}
}
// Display given text
console.log("Given Text : " + text);
// Display calculated result
console.log(result);
}
}
function main()
{
var task = new Replacement();
var text = "this is real";
task.changeWord(text);
text = "make a good code";
task.changeWord(text);
}
main();Output
Given Text : this is real
ThiS IS ReaL
Given Text : make a good code
MakE A GooD CodE# Python 3 program for
# Capitalize the first and last letter of each word of a String
class Replacement :
def capitalizeFirstAndLast(self, text) :
n = len(text)
if (n == 1) :
# When have less than one character
return text.upper()
if (n == 2) :
# When only two characters
return text[0: 1].upper() + text[1: 2].upper()
return text[0: 1].upper() + text[1: n-1] + text[n - 1: n].upper()
def changeWord(self, text) :
# Get the length
n = len(text)
if (n == 0) :
return
# Collecting words
word = text.split(" ")
result = ""
i = 0
while (i < len(word)) :
if (i != 0) :
result += " " + self.capitalizeFirstAndLast(word[i])
else :
result = self.capitalizeFirstAndLast(word[i])
i += 1
# Display given text
print("Given Text : ", text)
# Display calculated result
print(result)
def main() :
task = Replacement()
text = "this is real"
task.changeWord(text)
text = "make a good code"
task.changeWord(text)
if __name__ == "__main__": main()Output
Given Text : this is real
ThiS IS ReaL
Given Text : make a good code
MakE A GooD CodE# Ruby program for
# Capitalize the first and last letter of each word of a String
class Replacement
def capitalizeFirstAndLast(text)
n = text.length
if (n == 1)
# When have less than one character
return text.upcase
end
if (n == 2)
# When only two characters
return text[0].upcase + text[1].upcase
end
return text[0].upcase + text[1...(n - 1)] + text[n - 1].upcase
end
def changeWord(text)
# Get the length
n = text.length
if (n == 0)
return
end
# Collecting words
word = text.split(" ")
result = ""
i = 0
while (i < word.length)
if (i != 0)
result += " "+ self.capitalizeFirstAndLast(word[i])
else
result = self.capitalizeFirstAndLast(word[i])
end
i += 1
end
# Display given text
print("Given Text : ", text, "n")
# Display calculated result
print(result, "n")
end
end
def main()
task = Replacement.new()
text = "this is real"
task.changeWord(text)
text = "make a good code"
task.changeWord(text)
end
main()Output
Given Text : this is real
ThiS IS ReaL
Given Text : make a good code
MakE A GooD CodE
import scala.collection.mutable._;
/*
Scala program for
Capitalize the first and last letter of each word of a String
*/
class Replacement()
{
def capitalizeFirstAndLast(text: String): String = {
var n: Int = text.length();
if (n == 1)
{
// When have less than one character
return text.toUpperCase();
}
if (n == 2)
{
// When only two characters
return text.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() +
text.substring(1, 2).toUpperCase();
}
return text.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() +
text.substring(1, n - 1) + text.substring(n - 1, n).toUpperCase();
}
def changeWord(text: String): Unit = {
// Get the length
var n: Int = text.length();
if (n == 0)
{
return;
}
// Collecting words
var word: Array[String] = text.split(" ");
var result: String = "";
var i: Int = 0;
while (i < word.length)
{
if (i != 0)
{
result += " " + capitalizeFirstAndLast(word(i));
}
else
{
result = capitalizeFirstAndLast(word(i));
}
i += 1;
}
// Display given text
println("Given Text : " + text);
// Display calculated result
println(result);
}
}
object Main
{
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
var task: Replacement = new Replacement();
var text: String = "this is real";
task.changeWord(text);
text = "make a good code";
task.changeWord(text);
}
}Output
Given Text : this is real
ThiS IS ReaL
Given Text : make a good code
MakE A GooD CodEimport Foundation;
/*
Swift 4 program for
Capitalize the first and last letter of each word of a String
*/
class Replacement
{
func getMiddle(_ text: [Character]) -> String
{
var i = 1;
var value = "";
while (i < text.count - 1)
{
value += String(text[i]);
i+=1;
}
return value;
}
func capitalizeFirstAndLast(_ text: [Character]) -> String
{
let n: Int = text.count;
if (n == 1)
{
// When have less than one character
return String(text[0]).uppercased();
}
if (n == 2)
{
// When only two characters
return String(text[0]).uppercased() + String(text[1]).uppercased();
}
return String(text[0]).uppercased() +
getMiddle(text) + String(text[n - 1]).uppercased();
}
func changeWord(_ text: String)
{
// Get the length
let n: Int = text.count;
if (n == 0)
{
return;
}
// Collecting words
let word: [String] = text.split
{
$0 == " "
}.map(String.init);
var result: String = "";
var i: Int = 0;
while (i < word.count)
{
if (i != 0)
{
result += " " + self.capitalizeFirstAndLast(Array(word[i]));
}
else
{
result = self.capitalizeFirstAndLast(Array(word[i]));
}
i += 1;
}
// Display given text
print("Given Text : ", text);
// Display calculated result
print(result);
}
}
func main()
{
let task: Replacement = Replacement();
var text: String = "this is real";
task.changeWord(text);
text = "make a good code";
task.changeWord(text);
}
main();Output
Given Text : this is real
ThiS IS ReaL
Given Text : make a good code
MakE A GooD CodE/*
Kotlin program for
Capitalize the first and last letter of each word of a String
*/
class Replacement
{
fun capitalizeFirstAndLast(text: String): String
{
val n: Int = text.length;
if (n == 1)
{
// When have less than one character
return text.toUpperCase();
}
if (n == 2)
{
// When only two characters
return text.toUpperCase();
}
return text.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() +
text.substring(1, n - 1) + text.substring(n - 1, n).toUpperCase();
}
fun changeWord(text: String): Unit
{
// Get the length
val n: Int = text.length;
if (n == 0)
{
return;
}
// Collecting words
val word = text.split(" ");
var result: String = "";
var i: Int = 0;
while (i < word.count())
{
if (i != 0)
{
result += " " + this.capitalizeFirstAndLast(word[i]);
}
else
{
result = this.capitalizeFirstAndLast(word[i]);
}
i += 1;
}
// Display given text
println("Given Text : " + text);
// Display calculated result
println(result);
}
}
fun main(args: Array < String > ): Unit
{
val task: Replacement = Replacement();
var text: String = "this is real";
task.changeWord(text);
text = "make a good code";
task.changeWord(text);
}Output
Given Text : this is real
ThiS IS ReaL
Given Text : make a good code
MakE A GooD CodE
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In this article, we are going to learn how to capitalize first and last letter of each word in an input line?
Submitted by Radib Kar, on November 27, 2018
Problem statement:
Given an input line, capitalize first and last letter of each word in the given line. It’s provided that the input line is in lowercase.
Solution:
The basic algorithm is to keep track of the spaces and to capitalize the letter before space & after space. Also, the first letter and the last letter of the line should be capitalized.
Few more things that need to be kept in mind such that:
- More than one occurrence of space in between two words.
- There may be word of single letter like ‘a’, which need to be capitalized.
- There may be word of two letters like ‘me’, where both the letters need to be capitalized.
Algorithm:
- Create a hash table.
- Insert index of first letter, i.e., 0 & the index of last letter, i.e., length-1. length be the length of input line.
-
For i=0:length-1 Find index of spaces in the line If index before spaces are not in hash table Insert into hash table If index after spaces are not in hash table Insert into hash table - Capitalize the indexes present in the hash table
line [index]-=32; - //ASCII value of lower case letter — ASCII value of corresponding upper case letter=32
- Print the converted input line
Inclusion of hash table in the program helps us to avoid inserting duplicate indexes. Otherwise, corner test-cases may fail.
C++ program to capitalize first and last letter of each word in a line
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; void capitalize(char* arr,int i){ //ascii value of each lower case letter-ascii value //of each uppercase letter=32 //i is the length of line unordered_set<int> table; table.insert(0); //index of first letter of line table.insert(i-1);//index of last letter of line for(int j=1;j<i;j++){ if(arr[j]==' '){ // last letter of word is before //space & first letter of word is after space //check index already present in hash table or not if(table.find(j-1)==table.end()) table.insert(j-1); //if not insert index //check index already present in hash table or not if(table.find(j+1)==table.end()) table.insert(j+1); //if not insert index } } //capitalize for(auto it=table.begin();it!=table.end();it++) arr[*it]-=32; printf("converted input line is: "); //printing for(int j=0;j<i;j++) printf("%c",arr[j]); printf("n"); } int main(){ //store the input line char arr[100]; char c; int i=0; printf("input the line.....n"); scanf("%c",&c); while(c!='n'){ arr[i++]=c; scanf("%c",&c); } capitalize(arr,i); return 0; }
Output
First run: input the line..... hello world converted input line is: HellO WorlD Second run: input the line..... includehelp is a great paltform for geeks converted input line is: IncludehelP IS A GreaT PaltforM FoR GeekS