Finding the opposite meaning of a word

It is difficult to find antonyms for words. What are antonyms and examples of their enrichment of the Russian language. What is the antonym

Antonyms are words that are different in sound and have opposite meanings: lie is true, evil is kind, to be silent is to speak. Examples of antonyms show that they refer to the same part of speech.

Antonymy in Russian is presented much narrower than synonymy. This is due to the fact that only words enter into antonymic relations that are related in terms of quality (good — bad, native — alien, smart — stupid, thick — rare, high — low), temporary (day — night, early — late), quantitative (the only one — multiple, many — few), spatial (spacious — close, large — small, wide — narrow, high — low) signs.

There are antonymic pairs denoting the names of states, actions. Examples of antonyms of this kind: rejoice — grieve, cry — laugh.

Types and examples of antonyms in Russian

In terms of structure, antonyms are divided into different roots (morning — evening) and one-root (go in — go out). The opposite of meaning for single-root antonyms is caused by prefixes.

However, it should be remembered that the addition to adverbs and prefixes without-, not— in most cases, attaches to them the meaning of a weakened opposite (high — low), so the contrast of their values ​​turns out to be «muted» (low — this does not mean «low»).

Based on this, not all prefix formations can be attributed to antonyms, but only those that are the extreme points of the lexical paradigm: strong — powerless, harmful — harmless, successful — unsuccessful.

Antonyms, as well as synonyms, are closely related to ambiguity: empty — serious (conversation); empty — full (cup); empty — expressive (look); empty — meaningful (story). Examples of antonyms show that different meanings of the word «empty» are included in different antonymic pairs. Unambiguous words, as well as words with specific meanings (iambic, pencil, desk, notebook, etc.) cannot have antonyms.

Among the antonyms, there is also the phenomenon of enantiosemia — this is the development of mutually exclusive, opposite meanings of some ambiguous words: to carry (to the room, to bring) — to carry (from the room, to take away); abandoned (phrase just spoken) — abandoned (abandoned, forgotten). The meaning in such cases is specified in the context. Often, enantiosemia is the cause of the ambiguity of certain expressions. Examples of antonyms of this kind: he listened to the report; the director looked at these lines.

Contextual antonyms: examples and definition

Contextual antonyms are words opposed in a specific context: moonlight — sunlight; not a mother, but a daughter; one day — all life; wolves are sheep. The polarity of the meanings of such words in the language is not fixed, and their opposition is an individual author’s decision. The writer in such cases reveals the opposite qualities of various concepts and contrasts them in speech. However, these pairs of words are not antonyms.

Antonyms are words, belonging to the same part of speech, differing in spelling and sound, and meaning directly opposite concepts.

One part of speech is not the only condition under which words of the opposite meaning can be called antonyms. There must be some common feature between these words. That is, both concepts should describe feeling, or time, or space, or quality and quantity — in which case they will be antonyms.

Examples of antonyms

Let’s analyze this definition with examples.

Antonym for the word «Before»

The antonym for the word «before» will be the word «now»… Both words are adverbs — “when? before ”and“ when? now». Both of them are united by a common feature — the description of time. But if the word «before» describes a situation or event that took place sometime in the past, then the word «now» refers to the present. Thus, the words are opposite in meaning and are antonyms.

Antonym for the word «Friendly»

The antonym for the word «friendly» is the word «Unfriendly»… Both concepts refer to one part of speech — the adverb. As the rule requires, they are united by a common feature — that is, they describe an emotional shade. But if the word «friendly» means joy and pleasure (for example, from someone’s presence), then «unfriendly» has the exact opposite meaning — the one whose appearance or speech is characterized by this word is clearly not happy about anything.

Antonym for the word «Tears»

The antonym for the word «tears» will be the word «laughter». Both concepts refer to nouns, both of which describe an emotional action. But if in the first case the emotion is clearly negative — tears of grief, tears of sadness, tears of pain — then the word «laughter» means joy, happiness and fun. Words are opposite in meaning — and therefore they are antonyms.

Other popular antonyms

Below is a list of words and their antonyms.

• The word «Synonym», the antonym is «Antonym».
• The word «Interesting», the antonym — «Boring».
• The word «Wind», the antonym — «Quiet».
• The word «Find», the antonym — «Lose».
• The word «Fresh», the antonym — «Spoiled, stale.»
• The word «Beautiful», the antonym — «Disgusting, terrible.»
• The word «Snow», the antonym — «Rain».
• The word «Waited», the antonym — «Sudden, unexpected».
• The word «Carefully», the antonym — «Careless».
• The word «Sun», the antonym — «Moon».
• The word «Day», the antonym — «Night».
• The word «Fast», the opposite is «slow».

We hope you now know what an antonym is.

How nice it is to see and listen to an interesting person. I always admire people who know the word. I hope you share my opinion.

There are very few sources of quality language in our children’s environment today. Just very little.

Which exit? This environment must be created. I already talked about this in an article about the theatrical activities of children. Word games give good results for the mind and speech. ,for example, when we are looking for a word that is opposite in meaning to the given one, thinking is accelerated.

An antonym is a word that is the opposite of a given one in meaning.

For preschoolers, the expression «enemy words» is more understandable. But you can introduce the concept of «antonyms to the word.» I usually tell the kid: “Now we will look for the“ enemy words ”. They are also called «antonyms». You will learn this word at school. So remember, it will still be useful to you. «

Believe the experience, the preschooler will definitely try to remember and flaunt in front of his friends and parents. Sometimes this can be explained to schoolchildren, if the search for antonyms is news to them. And these are not only first grade students.

The game. Finish the sentence and name the «enemy words»

Instruction. «You and I will come up with proposals: I will come up with a beginning, and you will come up with an end.»

1. the mosquito is small, and the elephant;
2. the fluff is light, but the stone;
3. mustard is bitter and sugar;
4. the bush is low, and the tree;
5. the compote is cold, and the soup;
6. thick sour cream, and milk;
7. narrow brook, river;
8. it is dark at night and during the day;
9. sugar is sweet and lemon;
10. walk with their feet and throw;
11. the kindergarten is close, but the school;
12. the tape is narrow and the belt;
13. the stream is shallow and the lake;
14. the lark sings, and the crow;
15. the plane flies high, and the helicopter;
16. the turtle crawls slowly, the hare gallops;
17. there is a lot of water in a saucepan, but in a glass;
18. the buyer buys and the seller;
19. hot in summer and winter;
20. they have breakfast in the morning, and at noon;
21. salt is salted, and sugar;
22. the children are responsible, and the educator;
23. children leave kindergarten in the evening, and in the morning;
24. fruits grow on the tree, and in the garden;
25. flowers appear on trees in spring, and in autumn;
26. get out of bed in the morning, and in the evening;
27. the skyscraper is tall, and the hut;
28. birds fly and snakes;
29. they dine at noon, and in the evening;
30. the viewer watches the movie and reads the book;
31. there is dirt on the street, but in the house;
32. the trunk of the tree is thick, and the twig.
33. pencil draws and eraser

The game. Say the opposite

Instruction. «I will tell you a word, and you say the other way around» (give an example)

night -; breakfast -; evening -; enemy -; cleanliness -; cold -; war -; grass -; earth -; movement -; talker -; health -.; mind —

enter -; be silent -; gave -; get up -; undress -; raise -; laugh -; turn on -; close -; come -; appear -; eat -.

large -; black -; low -; bad -; sick -; old -; young -; wide -; thick -; narrow -; complex -; dry — .; bitter —

Words with the opposite meaning are absent in the dictionary even of high school students. Therefore, the search for antonyms is currently relevant until the graduation class.

Learning how to search for antonyms for a word for both preschoolers and schoolchildren should start with a simple one. Schoolchildren may resent the simplicity. Explain to warm up. Complicate: answer directly «in flight». Typically, guys with limited vocabulary already have a loser complex. By immediately proposing complex (for example, abstract) words, you can get a complete rejection of classes.

Semantic opposites in verses

It’s time for you and me to Play the game «On the contrary». I will say the word High, and you will answer:

Low.

I will say the word Far away, and you will answer:

(close).

I will say the word Ceiling, and you will answer:

(floor).

I will say the word Lost. And you say:

(found).

I will tell you the word Coward, You will answer:

(brave man).

Now the Beginning I will say, — Well, answer:

(end) (D. Chiardi)

I do not like the word «heat», I’m in the river, in the thick shade And in bottles of lemonade, And my name?

(Cool)

An enemy of the word «laughter». Not from joy, pleasures, I happen against my will And from happiness, and from pain, From resentment, failure. Have you guessed? — It

Source: https://apriori-nauka.ru/profilaktika/podobrat-antonimy-k-slovam-slozhnyi-chto-takoe-antonimy-i-primery.html

What are antonyms in Russian? Examples of words

Antonyms — these are words of the same part of speech with the opposite meaning. Let us indicate examples of antonyms that are words of different parts of speech.

The concept of antonyms

The variety and richness of the vocabulary of the Russian language create synonyms, antonyms, paronyms and homonyms. To find out what the linguistic term «antonyms» means, let us turn to its origin. This word is made up of the Greek prefix anti-, which means «against,» and the word «onyma» is «name.» As a result, we get the meaning of the word «antonym» — «opposite name».

Let us give a precise definition of this term.

Definition

Antonyms — these are words of the same part of speech with the opposite lexical meaning.

And here is the definition of what antonyms are given by Wikipedia:

Antonyms (Old Greek ἀντι- prefix with the meaning of the opposite + ὄνομα «name») — these are words of the same part of speech, different in sound and spelling, having directly opposite lexical meanings, for example: «truth» — «lie», «kind» — «evil», «speak» — «be silent.»

Antonyms, unlike synonyms, have exactly the opposite lexical meaning:

• smart — stupid;
• day Night;
• cordially — hostile.

Antonyms, as a rule, are words of the same part of speech that answer the same question. They characterize an object, feature or phenomenon from the same side, pointing to the same quality, but the opposite in meaning. These words make up antonymic pairs.

Word examples

Here are examples of antonyms belonging to different parts of speech.

Nouns-antonyms

• sunrise — sunset;
• good evil;
• morning evening;
• peace is war;
• fire water;
• a hard worker is a slacker;
• summer Winter;
• friend — enemy;
• sadness is joy;
• chatterbox — silent;
• courage is cowardice.

Adjectives-antonyms

• dirty — clean;
• brave — cowardly;
• loud — quiet;
• wide narrow;
• thick — thin;
• long short;
• strong — weak;
• high Low;
• feminine — masculine;
• light dark;
• distant — close.

Verbs-antonyms

• to be silent — to speak;
• run — stand;
• to rejoice — to be upset;
• it got dark — dawn;
• to scold — to praise;
• take — give;
• build — break;
• protect — offend;
• get wet — dry.

Adverbs-antonyms

• in winter — in summer;
• in the morning — in the evening;
• on foot — running;
• interesting — boring;
• early late;
• in front — behind;
• always — never;
• here — there;
• deep — shallow.

What do antonyms mean?

After observing the antonyms, we will find out that they express different relationships:

1.temporal

• end — beginning;
• during the day — at night;
• early — late;

2.spatial

• far close;
• left right;
• inside Outside;

3.high quality

• love is hate;
• anger is kindness;
• cheerful — sad;
• young — old;

4.quantitative

• a lot — a little;
• excess — lack;
• expensive — cheap.

Single root antonyms

In the vocabulary of the Russian language, pairs of antonyms with different roots and one-root antonyms are distinguished. A pair of single-root antonyms are words that have the same root in the morphemic composition, but differ in opposite prefixes:

• to carry — to bring;
• insert — expose;
• to run away — to resort;
• undress — get dressed;
• close — open;
• guess — guess.

Single-root antonyms are created by the prefix non-:

• cheerful — unhappy look;
• close — not a short way;
• loud — quiet whisper;
• simple is not an easy task;
• few — many questions.

The meaning of antonyms in speech

Antonyms make our speech more imaginative and vivid.

Opposition helps to tell figuratively about completely opposite phenomena, to draw pictures of the world around that are unlike each other, to highlight one quality of an object against the background of another comparable to it, to convey more fully and accurately the feelings and experiences of people.

These words enrich any utterance, as they clarify the meaning of the words. Thanks to antonyms, speech becomes expressive, beautiful and accurate. To be convinced of this, let’s observe the statements of thinkers and famous writers.

From a bad beginning and the end is bad (Euripides).

Joys are forgotten, but sorrows — never (M. Yu. Lermontov).

To love good, you need to hate evil with all your heart (F. Wolf).

Both evil and good — everyone receives a reward for their actions (J. Goethe).

Antonyms in proverbs

There would be no happiness, but misfortune helped.

Prepare the sleigh in the summer and the cart in the winter.

You don’t know where you will find it, and where you will lose it.

Not salted on the table, salted on the back.

They are greeted by their clothes, they are escorted by their minds.

The truth in the fire does not burn and does not sink in the water.

The well-fed does not understand the hungry.

The morning is wiser than the evening.

Talk less and do more.

At first it is thick, but at the end it is empty.

A foolish person is looking for a place, but a reasonable one can be seen in the corner.

White bread will be born on the black earth.

He who knows a lot sleeps a little.

They did it early, but galloped late.

A full ear tilts to the ground, and an empty ear stretches to the sky.

Contextual antonyms

Words can enter into antonymic relations depending on the meaning of the context. Such words become antonyms in a certain message at the will of its author.

Contextual antonyms clarify the writer’s thought, make it figurative and help to create a complete description of the described phenomenon or object.

With their help, it is possible to express the ultimate opposition between the considered phenomena of reality, the qualities of objects, the feelings of people. Contextual antonyms are volumetric and accurately express the author’s assessment of the depicted.

They got along. Wave and stone, poetry and prose, ice and fire are not so different from each other (A.S. Pushkin).

Phraseologisms-antonyms

Antonyms can be not only individual words, but also phrases and turns of speech. Stable phrases, phraseological units, can have the opposite meaning, that is, they are antonyms.

Examples

• in all shoulder blades — at a snail’s pace;
• work up your sleeves — work carelessly;
• chickens do not bite — the cat cried;
• word for word — written on the water with a pitchfork;
• a stone’s throw from here — at the devil’s place;
• seven spans in the forehead — without a king in the head;
• to fight off from hands — to pick up;
• keep a stone in your bosom — with an open mind;
• sit back — work tirelessly;
• keep your ears open — count the crows;
• sharpen the fringes — collect water in your mouth;
• to sit on someone else’s neck — to live with your hump;
• from board to board — from the fifth to the tenth.

lesson

Source: https://russkiiyazyk.ru/leksika/antonimy-primery-slov.html

Antonyms are adjectives examples of words. What is Antonym? Examples. Verbs-antonyms: examples of words in Russian

Synonyms are words belonging to the same part of speech, different in spelling and pronunciation, but similar in lexical name (cheerful — joyful). Antonyms are words belonging to the same part of speech, different in spelling and pronunciation, with directly opposite lexical meanings. (funny — sad). Synonymous nouns: fun is joy, moon is month, doctor is doctor. Nouns-antonyms: minus — plus, evil — good, heat — cold.

Nouns are a group of words that give names to people, objects, abstract concepts, natural phenomena, etc. Nouns answer the questions who? or what? Among the nouns, various subgroups are distinguished according to the meaning of words. Among such subgroups are synonyms and antonyms.

What are synonyms and antonyms

Synonyms are words whose meaning is very similar. At the same time, words sound and are spelled differently and have nothing in common. For example, trouble and sorrow, doctor and doctor. These words have exactly the same meanings and can be used in the same situations. Such synonyms are called absolute.

In addition to absolute, there are partial synonyms. For example hot and hot. When describing the weather, we can say both «hot weather» and «hot weather», but with the word «tea» we can only put «hot tea». «Hot» in this case will sound silly.

Also, synonyms can be a word and a phrase. For example, morning is the beginning of the day. In this case, one word «morning» can be replaced by two words without losing the meaning.

Synonyms are used when in the text it is necessary to avoid the constant use of the same words.

Antonyms are words with the opposite meaning. Unlike synonyms, antonyms can have completely different spellings, but they can also be single-root words. The former include the words «black» and «white». The second is the example of «truth» and «untruth».

It is also worth mentioning that synonyms form a synonymous series, in which there can be an unlimited number of words. For example, nonsense, nonsense, nonsense, nonsense, nonsense Antonyms form only pairs: heavy — light, kind — evil, strong — weak.

Examples of synonyms and antonyms

To better understand the difference between synonyms and antonyms, consider a few examples:

• day — night — words could be considered synonyms, because they denote part of the day, but these are antonyms, since day is the light part, night is the dark part;
• lake — pond — synonyms. There is a difference between a lake and a pond, but these bodies of water are very similar and the words are synonymous;
• space — the universe — synonyms;
• noise — silence — antonyms.

Antonyms are words that belong to the same part of speech, differ in sound and spelling, and have exactly the opposite meaning. Belonging to one part of speech is not the only condition according to which words that have an opposite in meaning can be called antonyms; there must be a common feature between such words, for example, when both concepts describe feeling, time, space, quantity, quality, etc.

Source: https://dark-lore.ru/rasteniya-i-zhivotnye/antonimy-prilagatelnye-primery-slov-chto-takoe-antonim-primery/

Synonyms, antonyms and homonyms

• Synonyms
• Words put on and put on
• Antonyms
• Homonyms

Synonyms — these are words related to the same part of speech, different in sound and spelling, but denoting the same thing. For example:

sweet — sugar

the sun is a star

Words that are close in meaning form synonymous row:

cheat, lie, cheat, cheat

In a number of synonyms, all words refer to one part of speech (nouns, adjectives, verbs), but differ in shades of meaning. For example:

wet, wet, wet

All words are adjectives and call the same feature of an object — not dry. Each word has its own shade of meaning:

wet — slightly damp, not completely dry

wet — slightly wet, very wet

wet — completely saturated with water

Synonyms can be not only separate words, but also stable phrases (phraseological units):

deceive — lead by the nose

Words put on and put on

Words clothe и put on are not synonyms and cannot replace each other in speech.

Dress up can only someone or something, for example:

dress a doll, dress a child

I dressed the doll in a beautiful dress. I need to dress my daughter.

Put on you can only do something on yourself or on someone (for something), for example:

put on a suit, put on a ring

I put a beautiful dress on the doll. You need to put a ring on your daughter’s finger.

To make it easier to remember the difference between clothe и put on the following sentence can be used:

Put on clothes, put on Hope.

Antonyms

Antonyms — these are words that refer to the same part of speech, but have the opposite meaning. For example:

far close

a lot — a little

sunny — cloudy

Antonyms can also be single-root words, the opposite meaning in this case is usually created by negative prefixes: not-, without-, anti-, counter-. For example:

happy — unhappy

joyful — joyless

virus — antivirus

attack — counterattack

come — leave

Homonyms — these are words related to the same part of speech, the same in sound and spelling, but completely different in lexical meaning. For example:

Boxer — dog breed.

Boxer — a boxing person.

The lexical meaning of homonyms can be distinguished only in context, that is, in phrases and sentences, since a separate word does not allow determining its meaning:

paint brush — hand brush

Homonyms are divided into complete and incomplete. Complete homonyms — these are words of one part of speech, the same sound and spelling, but have different meanings. Examples of full homonyms are given above. There are three types of incomplete homonyms in Russian: homographs, homophones and homoforms.

• Homographs — these are words of one part of speech, differing in stress, that is, different in pronunciation and meaning. For example:

  castle with large windows — a reliable lock

• Homophones — these are words of the same part of speech, differing in spelling and meaning, but having the same pronunciation. For example:

  ball — point, ghost — cast

• Omoforms — these are words of different parts of speech, having the same spelling and pronunciation, but differing in meaning. For example:

  Russian oven (noun) — to bake pies (also:)

  sharp saw (noun) — drank tea with cookies (also)

Source: https://naobumium.info/russkiy/sinonimy.php