Find the word which is obsolete in britain but modern in the usa - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

172.
Find an example of a full Briticism:

a) fortnight;

b) country;

c) ship;

d) window

173.
Find an example of a full Americanism:

a)
drug—store;

b) friendship;

c) childhood;

d) cinema

174.
Find the word the spelling of which in the USA differs from that in
Britain:

a) standard;

b) labor;

c) national;

d) language

175.
Find the American form of Participle II:

a) written;

b) spoken;

c) proven;

d) taken

176.
Find the word which is obsolete in Britain but modern in the USA:

a) building (= house);

b) to pronounce (= to speak);

c) to ask (= to question);

d) fall (one of the seasons)

177.
Find a dialectal word:

a) village;

b) city;

c) town;

d) burgh

178.
Find the word formed with the help of a dialectal suffix:

a) doggy;

b) dogeen

c) Charley;

d) antie

179.
Which of the dialects became the national language of Britain?

a) Lowland;

b) Northern;

c) Western;

d) Midland

180.
Which
of the words is more frequently used in the USA than in Britain:

a) underground;

b) subway;

c) tube;

d) metro

14. Keys to the Exercises

Etymological
Survey of the English Word—stock

lb
cafe; 2c husband; 3a police; 4c datum; 5c cradle; 6a cup; 7b scheme;
8d to take; 9d sausage; l0d
nickel;
1lb
balcony;
12d
cigar;
13b
Kremlin;
14b
algebra;
15b
coffee;
16a
tea;
17b
geisha;
18d
boomerang;
19d squaw; 20b
sandal;
21b
active.

The Study of Meaning. The
Stylistic Differentiation of the English Vocabulary

22b
His
work
is
done well; 23a
All
his answers
were
correct; 24c
tremendous;
25c
dad;
26b
harmony;
27c
missus;
28b
a
lab; 29d
bloody;
30b singer; 31b
endless;
32d
cranberry;
33a
hiss;
34d
the
hand of the watch; 35c
The
moon is riding in the sky. 36a Don’t you be a dog in the manger. 37a
He
had only a few coppers in his pocket. 38b
All
hands aboard! 39a
narrowing
of meaning, 39b
extension
of meaning, 39c
ameliorative
development, 39d
pejorative
development, 39e
narrowing
of meaning, 39f
narrowing
of meaning, 39g
extension
of meaning, 39h
pejorative
development; 40b
hydrogen;
41d
ear
— ear; 42d
part
of the human arm beyond the wrist; 43a
heavy
storm; 44b
to
make somebody work; 45b
ball
— ball; 46c
to
lie — to lie; 47c
since
(prep)
—
since (conj);
48d
seal
— to seal; 49a
brothers
(pl)
—
brother’s; 50a
bow
— bow; 51d meat — meet; 52c
case
— case; 53b
flower
— flour; 54a
love
(n)
—
love (v); 55a to seem — to appear; 56d
word—building
— word—formation; 57c to see — to observe; 58b famous; 59a
kind — cruel; 60c possible —impossible; 61 d apple — read —
snow.

Word—structure

62c
books; 63b heartless; 64d first—nighter; 65a suspicion; 66c
uneatable; 67c daughter; 68a unquestionable; 69d lady—killer; 70a
in—significant; 71b un—doubt—ed—ly; 72b re—main; 73c
self—possessed; 74b friendship; 75d uncomfortable; 76a greenhouse;
77b invariably; 78c invariably.

Word—formation

79c
unknown; 80a enlarge; 81b misprint; 82c prearrange; 83b antifascist;
84c illegal; 85d reappear; 86a pre—; 87c teaching; 88a —ness;
89b —en; 90b —ous; 91d farmerette; 92b booklet;
93a
peasantry, 94c instructor, 95b development, 96c happiness; 97b
violinist; 98a assistance; 99c hope/ess; l00d reddish; 101b
fashionable; 102c collective; 103a organize; 104d cleverness; 105b
achievement 106d classicism; 107a eatable; 108c painter; 109d
duckling,
110b
removal; 111a blackness; 112b collective; 113a beautiful; 114c
greenish; 115d a pen—to pen; 116c to step — step; 117b round —
to round; 118b a pump — to pump; 119b doctor —to doctor; 120b
scalp — to scalp; 121b bottle — to bottle; 122d fish — to
fish; 123b to tramp — tramp; 124c to find — find; 125d to glance
—glance; 126b love — to love; 127a theatre—goer; 128d
sky—blue; 129b horseman; 130c gasometer; 131d statesman; 132b
pen—holder; 133c short—sighted; 134d absent—minded; 135c a
stand—still; 136a secretary—stenographer; 137c willy—nilly;
138a pooh—pooh; 139d snowball; 140b nobleman; 141a dark—blue;
142b door—nail; 143a dog—kenne; 144c
fellow—man;
145a
bottle—opener;
146c
flower—bed;
147d
bluestocking;
148c
bookshelf;
149b
night—club;
150b
red—nosed;
151a
peace—fighter;
152c
a
drawback; 153d
bottle—neck;
154a
Mr.
Brown’s office; 155b
YCL;
156a
BBC;
157b
NATO;
158b
exam;
159c
plane; 160a specs;
161c
fridge
(from refrigerator); 162d
motel;
163b
to
edit —editor.

Word—groups
and Phraseological Units

164a
to
read books; 165d heavy father; 166b
to
declare war; 167a
to
know where the shoe pinches; 168c
by
heart; 169d
to
cut short; 170b
small
hours; 171a
mare’s
nest.

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VARIANT I

1. The word-stock of any given language can be roughly divided into
the following groups:

A) Literary, neutral and colloquial vocabulary

B) Literary and colloquial vocabulary

C) Only literary

D) Only colloquial

E) Neutral and colloquial

2. What do Literary words serve to satisfy?

A) communicative demands of official, scientific, poetic messages

B) non-official everyday communicative demands

C) communicative demands of official messages

D) communicative demands of poetic messages

E) communicative demands of scientific messages

3. What do colloquial words serve
to satisfy?

A) communicative demands of official, scientific, poetic messages

B) non-official everyday communicative demands

C) communicative demands of official messages

D) communicative demands of poetic messages

E) communicative demands of scientific messages

4. The biggest division of vocabulary is made up of:

A) Literary words

B) Colloquial words

C) Neutral words

D) Historical words

E) Poetic words

5. Where can we find literary words?

A) in authorial speech, descriptions, considerations

B) in the types of discourse, simulating (copying) everyday oral
communication

C) in the dialogue (or interior monologue) of a prose work.

D) In streets

E) At home

6. The main source of synonymy and polysemy are considered to be

A) Colloquial words

B) Neutral words

C) Literary words

D) Neutral and common literary words

E) Neutral and common colloquial words.

7. What two major subgroups constitute special literary words?

A) Terms and archaisms

B) Slang and jargonisms

C) Professionalisms and jargons

D) Argo and slang

E) Dialectisms and foreignisms

8. Terms are:

A) antiquated or obsolete words replaced by new ones

B) words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out
of use in modern times

C) archaic words with the fixed sphere of usage in poetry and
elevated prose and with the function of imbuing the work of art with a lofty
poetic colouring

D) archaic forms of otherwise non-archaic words

E) words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science,
humanities, technique

9. Archaisms are:

A) words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science,
humanities, technique

B) words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out
of use in modern times

C) words, used by most speakers in very informal communication,
highly emotive and expressive

D) words, used by limited groups of people

E) barbarisms and foreign words

10. Historical words are…

A) antiquated or obsolete words replaced by new ones

B) words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out
of use in modern times

C) archaic words with the fixed sphere of usage in poetry and
elevated prose and with the function of imbuing the work of art with a lofty
poetic colouring

D) archaic forms of otherwise non-archaic words

E) barbarisms and foreign words

11. «These are expletives and swear words which are of an
abusive character, obscene word like «damn», «bloody»
etc». The given definition is appropriate for

A) Jargon words

B) Colloquial coinages

C) Borrowed words

D) Vulgar words

E) Barbarisms

12. Obsolete words are the words which:

A) have already gone completely out of use but are still
recognized by the English-speaking community: e.g. methinks^it seems to me);
nay(=no).

B) are no longer recognizable in modern English, words that were
in use in Old English and which have either dropped out of the language
entirely or have changed their in their appearance so much that they have
become unrecognizable, e.g. troth(=faith), a losel(=a worthless, lazy fellow)

C) are in the beginning of the aging process when the word
becomes rarely used, i.e. they are in the stage of gradually passing out of
general use, e.g. pronouns thy, thee, thine, thouh.

D) are used exactly in Modern English Literature and which are
created by the English Contemporary Poets, thus belonging to concrete style of
the concrete author, e.g. hateships, weatherology.

E) are generally defined as «a new word or a new meaning
for an established word».

13. «it is a recognized term for a group of words that exists
in almost every language and whose aim is to preserve secrecy within one or
another social group. These are generally old words with entirely new meanings
imposed on them». The given definition is appropriate for:

A) Jargon-isms

B) Barbarisms

C) Vulgarism

D) Terminology

E) Professionalisms

14. Morphological or partial archaisms are…

A) antiquated or obsolete words replaced by new ones

B) words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out
of use in modern times

C) archaic words with the fixed sphere of usage in poetry and
elevated prose and with the function of imbuing the work of art with a lofty
poetic colouring

D) archaic forms of otherwise non-archaic words

E) barbarisms and foreign words

15. Obsolescent words are the words which:

A) have already gone completely out of use but are still
recognized by the English-speaking community: e.g. methinks{—X seems to
me); nay{~no).

C) are in the beginning of the aging process when the word
becomes rarely used, i.e. they are in the stage of gradually passing out of
general use, e.g. pronouns thy, thee, thine, thouh

D) are used exactly in Modern English Literature and which are
created by the English Contemporary Poets, thus belonging to concrete style of
the concrete author, e.g. hateships, weatherology.

E) are generally defined as «a new word or a new meaning
for an established word».

16. Archaism proper are…

A) antiquated or obsolete words replaced by new ones

B) words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out
of use in modern times

C) archaic words with the fixed sphere of usage in poetry and
elevated prose and with the function of imbuing the work of art with a lofty
poetic colouring

D) archaic forms of otherwise non-archaic words

E) barbarisms and foreign words

17. «These are the words of foreign origin which have not
been entirely been assimilated into the English language. They bear the
appearance of a borrowing and are left as something alien to the native
tongue».

The given definition is appropriate for

A) Jargonisms

B) Vulgarisms

C) Barbarisms and foreignism

D) Archaic, obsolescent and obsolete words

E) Dialectal words.

18. Slang is:

A) words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science,
humanities, technique

B) words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out
of use in modern times

C) words, used by most speakers in very informal
communication, highly emotive and expressive

D) words, used by limited groups of people

E) barbarisms and foreign words

19. Jargonisms are:

A) words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science,
humanities, technique

B) words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out
of use in modern times

C) words, used by most speakers in very informal
communication, highly emotive and expressive

D) words, used by limited groups of people

E) barbarisms and foreign words

20. Professionalisms are:

A) words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science,
humanities, technique

B) words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out
of use in modern times

C) words, used by most speakers in very informal
communication, highly emotive and expressive

D) words, used by limited groups of people, united professionally

E) barbarisms and foreign words

21. Archaisms are:

A) words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science,
humanities, technique

B) words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out
of use in modern times

C) words, used by most speakers in very informal
communication, highly emotive and expressive

D) words, used by limited groups of people, united socially

E) barbarisms and foreign words

22. Vulgarisms are:

A) coarse words with a strong emotive meaning, mostly derogatory,
normally avoided in polite conversation

B) words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science,
humanities, technique

C) words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out
of use in modern times

D) words, used by most speakers in very informal communication,
highly emotive and expressive

E) words, used by limited groups of people

23. Dialectal words are:

A) normative and devoid of any stylistic meaning in regional
dialects, but used outside of them,

carry a strong flavour of the locality
where they belong

B) words denoting such concepts and
phenomena that have gone out of use in modern times

C) words, used by most speakers in very informal
communication, highly emotive and expressive

D) words, used by limited groups of people

E) barbarisms and foreign words

24. In the USA the following dialectal varieties are
distinguished:

A) New England, Southern and Midwestern (Central, Midland)

B) Northern and Southern

C) Eastern and Western

D) Northern, Southern and Eastern

E) Northern, Southern and Western

25. In Great Britain four major dialects are distinguished:

A) Lowland Scotch. Northern, Midland (Central) and Southern

B) Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western

C) New England, Southern, Northern and Midwestern

D) Highland. Northern, Southern and Western

E) New England, Southern, Eastern and Midwestern

26. Poetic and Highly literary words belong to_______layer

A) Neutral

B) Colloquial

C) Literary

D) Both Colloquial and Literary

E) Both Neutral and Colloquial

27. The actual situation of the communication has evolved two
varieties of language:

A) Monological and dialogical varieties of language

B) The language of gestures and body

C) The spoken and written varieties

D) Syntactical and lexical varieties of language

E) Phonetic and morphological varieties

28. Poetic words are…

A) antiquated or obsolete words replaced by new ones

B) words denoting such concepts and phenomena that have gone out
of use in modern times

C) archaic words with the fixed sphere of
usage in poetry and elevated prose and with the

function of imbuing the work of art with a lofty poetic colouring

D) archaic forms of otherwise non-archaic words

E) barbarisms and foreign words

29. Syntactical stylistic devices are…

A) SD based on the binary opposition of lexical meanings
regardless of the syntactical organization of the utterance

B) SD based on the binary opposition of syntactical meanings
regardless of their semantics

C) SD based on the binary opposition of lexical meanings
accompanied by fixed syntactical organization of employed lexical units

D) SD based on the opposition of meanings of graphical elements of
the language

E) SD based on the opposition of meanings of phonological elements
of the language

30. Lexical stylistic devices are…

A) SD based on the binary opposition of lexical meanings
regardless of the syntactical organization of the utterance

B) SD based on the binary opposition of syntactical meanings
regardless of their semantics

C) SD based on the binary opposition of lexical meanings accompanied
by fixed syntactical organization of employed lexical units

D) SD based on the opposition of meanings of graphical elements of
the language

A) SD based on the opposition of meanings of phonological elements
of the language

VARIANT II

1. Phonetical stylistic means are …

A) SD based on the binary opposition of lexical meanings
regardless of the syntactical organization of the utterance

B) SD based on the binary opposition of syntactical meanings
regardless of their semantics

C) SD based on the binary opposition of lexical meanings
accompanied by fixed syntactical organization of employed lexical units

D) SD based on the opposition of meanings of graphical elements of
the language

E) SD based on the opposition of meanings of phonological
elements of the language

2. The irony is …

A) The stylistic device based on simultaneous realization of two
logical meanings — dictionary and contextual, but the two meanings stand in
opposition to each other.

B) A combination of two words in which the meaning of the two
clash, being opposite in sense.

C) The stylistic device based on the interplay between the
logical and nominal meanings of a word.

D) Is a word phrase used to replace an unpleasant word or
expression by a conventionally more acceptable one.

E) The stylistic device based on the interaction of two well-known
meanings of a word or

phrase.

3. Alliteration is:

A) A phonetic stylistic device which aims at impacting
melodic effect to the utterance. The essence of this device lies in the
repetition of similar sounds, in particular consonants sounds.

B) A combination of speech-sounds which aims at imitating
sounds produced in nature (wind, sea, thunder, etc.), by things (machines or
tools, etc.), by people (sighing, laughter, etc.), and by animals.

C) A repetition of identical or similar terminal sound
combination of words.

D) A phonetic stylistic device based on the combination of
the ideal metrical scheme and the variations of it, variations which are
governed by the standard.

E) The stylistic device based on the interplay between the
logical and nominal meanings of a word.

4. Define the type of transference in «foot of a bed»

A) metaphor

B) synonymy

C) antonymy

D) metonymy

E) homonymy

5. Expressive means of a language are:

A) The conscious and intentional intensification of some
typical, structural and semantic property of a language unit promoted to a
generalized status and thus becoming a generative model

B) Those phonetic, morphological, word-building, lexical,
phraseological and syntactical forms existing in a language as-a-system for the
purpose of logical and emotional intensification of the utterances.

C) The systems of interrelated language means that serves a
definite aim in communication

D) a unique combination of language units (expressive means and
stylistic devices) peculiar to a given writer, which makes that writer’s works
or even utterances easily recognizable

E) Linguo-stylistics, a branch of general linguistics

6. Lexico-syntactical stylistic devices are:

A) SD based on the binary opposition of lexical meanings
regardless of the syntactical organization of the utterance

B) SD based on the binary opposition of syntactical meanings
regardless of their semantics

C) SD based on the binary opposition of
lexical meanings accompanied by fixed syntactical organization of employed
lexical units

D) SD based on the opposition of meanings of graphical elements of
the language

E) SD based on the opposition of meanings of phonological elements
of the language

7. Find simile in the sentences:

A) She was a teacher

B) I like darkness so much

C) I like chocolate

D) She was like a beautiful exotic flower

E) I like little stones very much

8. Find metonymy in the sentences:

A) I translate an article

B) I read a lot of books

C) I like ice-cream

D) I book a set in the theatre

E) I never read Balzac.

9. Stylistic device of language is:

A) The conscious and intentional intensification of some
typical, structural and semantic property of a language unit (neutral or
expressive) promoted to a generalized status and thus becoming a generative
model.

C) The systems of interrelated language means that serves a
definite aim in communication

D) Is a unique combination of language units (expressive
means and stylistic devices) peculiar

to a given writer, which makes that writer’s works or even
utterances easily recognizable

E) Linguo-stylistics, a branch of general linguistics

10. Graphical stylistic means are:

A) SD based on the binary opposition of lexical meanings
regardless of the syntactical organization of the utterance

B) SD based on the binary opposition of syntactical meanings
regardless of their semantics

C) SD based on the binary opposition of lexical meanings
accompanied by fixed syntactical organization of employed lexical units

D) SD based on the opposition of meanings of graphical elements of
the language

E) SD based on the opposition of meanings of phonological
elements of the language

11. What is onomatopoeia?

A) the repetition of consonants, usually-in the beginning of
words

B) the use of words whose sounds imitate those of the signified
object or action

C) the stylistic device based on simultaneous realization of two
logical meanings — dictionary and contextual, but the two meanings stand in
opposition to each other.

D) a combination of two words in which the meaning of the two
clash, being opposite in sense.

E) the repetition of similar vowels, usually in stressed
syllables

12. What is alliteration?

A) the repetition of consonants, usually-in the beginning of
words

B) the use of words whose sounds imitate those of the signified
object or action

C) the repetition of similar vowels, usually in stressed
syllables

D) The stylistic device based on simultaneous realization of two
logical meanings — dictionary and contextual, but the two meanings stand in
opposition to each other.

E) A combination of two words in which the meaning of the two
clash, being opposite in sense.

13. What is assonance?

A) the repetition of consonants, usually-in the beginning of
words

B) the use of words whose sounds imitate those of the signified
object or action

C) the repetition of similar vowels, usually in stressed
syllables

D) The stylistic device based on simultaneous realization of two
logical meanings — dictionary and contextual, but the two meanings stand in
opposition to each other.

E) A combination of two words in which the meaning of the two
clash, being opposite in sense

14. Such words as «hiss», «bowwow», «murmur»,
«bump», «grumble», «sizzle» and many more are
examples of:

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

15. What two phonetic stylistic devices may produce the effect of euphony
or cacophony?

A) Assonance and Alliteration

B) Capitalization and Multiplication

C) Onomatopoeia and Assonance

D) Metaphor and Metonymy

E) Irony and Epithet

16. What is euphony?

A) a sense of ease and comfort in pronouncing or hearing

B) a sense of strain and discomfort in pronouncing or
hearing

C) the repetition of similar vowels, usually in stressed
syllables

D) The stylistic device based on simultaneous realization of two
logical meanings — dictionary and contextual, but the two meanings stand in
opposition to each other.

E) A combination of two words in which the meaning of the two
clash, being opposite in sense

17. What is cacophony?

A) a sense of ease and comfort in pronouncing or hearing

B) a sense of strain and discomfort in pronouncing or
hearing

C) the repetition of similar vowels, usually in stressed
syllables

D) The stylistic device based on simultaneous realization of two
logical meanings — dictionary and contextual, but the two meanings stand in
opposition to each other.

E) A combination of two words in which the meaning of the two
clash, being opposite in sense

18. As an example of_________the famous lines of E.A. Рое may serve:

…silken sad uncertain

rustling of each purple curtain…

A) Metaphor

B) Metonymy

C) Irony

D) Euphony

E) Cacophony

19. An example of________is provided by the unspeakable
combination of sounds found

in R. Browning: Nor soul helps flesh now more than flesh helps
soul.

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Euphony

E) Cacophony

20. The given definition:
«intentional violation of the graphical shape of a word (or word
combination) used to reflect its authentic pronunciation» is true for:

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Graphon

E) Metonymy

21. What is an effective way of supplying information about the
speaker’s origin, social and educational background, physical or emotional
condition, etc?

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Graphon

E) Metonymy

22. What does graphon indicate?

A) Standard pronunciation

B) irregularities or carelessness of pronunciation

C) the use of words whose sounds imitate those of the signified
object or action

D) the repetition of consonants, usually-in the beginning of
words

E) the repetition of similar vowels, usually in stressed
syllables

23. The words «sellybrated» (celebrated),
«bennyviolent» (benevolent), «illygitmit»
(illegitimate), «jewinile» (juvenile) are examples of:

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Graphon

E) Metonymy

24. The following «gimme» (give me), «lemme»
(let me), «gonna» (going to), «gotta» (got to) are examples
of:

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Graphon

E) Metonymy

25. То purely graphical means, not
involving the violations, we should refer:

A) Italics

B) Capitalization

C) Hyphenation

D) Multiplication

E) All the above-mentioned means

26. The following phrase «А1Ш1 aboarrrrrd» is an
example of:

A) Italics

B) Capitalization

C) Hyphenation

D) Multiplication

E) Metaphor

27. The following phrase: «Help. Help. HELP.» is an
example of:

A) Italics

B) Capitalization

C) Hyphenation

D) Multiplication

E) Metaphor

28. The following phrase: «grinning like a chim-pan-zee»
is an example of:

A) Italics

B) Capitalization

C) Hyphenation

D) Multiplication

E) Alliteration

29. The following phrase: «Streaked by a quarter moon, the
Mediterranean shushed gently into the beach» is an example of:

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Irony

E) Hyperbole

30. The following phrase: «He
swallowed the hint with a gulp and a gasp and a grin» is an example of:

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

VARIANT III

1. The following phrase: «Then, with an enormous, shattering
rumble, sludge-puff, sludge-puff, the train came into the station.» is an
example of:

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

2. State the type of the following graphical expressive means:

Piglet, sitting in the running Kanga’s pocket, substituting the
kidnapped Roo, thinks:

this shall take

«If is I never to

flying really it.» (M.)

A) Italics

B) Capitalization

C) Hyphenation

D) Multiplication

E) Spacing of lines

3. How can we also call a stylistic device (SD)?

A) a trope

B) a functional style

C) expressive means

D) transference

E) jargonism

4. Substitution of the existing names approved by long usage and
fixed in dictionaries by new, occasional, individual ones is …

A) a trope

B) a functional style

C) expressive means

D) transference

E) stylistic device

5. What is a metaphor?

A) transference of names based on the associated likeness between
two objects

B) likeness between inanimate and animate objects

C) a sense of ease and comfort in pronouncing or hearing

D) a sense of strain and discomfort in pronouncing or
hearing

E) the repetition of similar vowels, usually in stressed
syllables

6. What is a personification?

A) likeness between inanimate and animate objects

B) transference of names based on the associated likeness between
two objects

C) a sense of ease and comfort in pronouncing or hearing

D) a sense of strain and discomfort in pronouncing or
hearing

E) the repetition of similar vowels, usually in stressed
syllables

7. In «the face of London», or «the pain of the
ocean» we deal with …

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Personification

E) Metonymy

8. Such words as the «pancake», or «ball», or
«volcano» for the «sun»; «silver dust»,
«sequins» for «stars»; «vault»,
«blanket», «veil» for the «sky» are the examples
of:

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

9. Metaphor can be expressed by:

A) all notional parts of speech

B) only verbs

C) only adjectives

D) only nouns

E) only asdverbs

10. A group of metaphors, each supplying another feature of the
described phenomenon, creates …

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) A sustained (prolonged) metaphor

E) Metonymy

11. What lexical SD is based on contiguity (nearness) of objects
or phenomena?

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

12. Which lexical SD is based on the relations between a part and
the whole?

A) Assonance

B) Synecdoche

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

13. The conversational cliche «Will you have another
cup?» is a case of…

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

14. In the following abstract «She wanted to have a lot of
children, and she was glad that things were that way, that the Church approved.
Then the little girl died. Nancy broke with Rome the day her baby died. It was
a secret break, but no Catholic breaks with Rome casually.» We can find
the examples of:

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

15. The following phrase «»Some remarkable pictures in
this room, gentlemen. A Holbein, two Van Dycks and if I am not mistaken, a
Velasquez. I am interested in pictures.»» is an example of:

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

16. The following phrase «You have nobody to blame but
yourself. The saddest words of tongue or pen.» is an example of:

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

17. The following phrase «He made his way through the perfume
and conversation» is an example of:

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

18. The following phrase «His mind was alert and people asked
him to dinner not for old times’ sake, but because he was worth his salt.»
is an example of:

A) Assonance

B) Alliteration

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

19. Which lexical SD is also referred as paronomasia?

A) Pun

B) Zeugma

C) Metaphor

D) Metonymy

E) violation of phraseological units

20. What is pun?

A) transference of names based on the associated likeness between
two objects

B) a sense of ease and comfort in pronouncing or hearing

C) a sense of strain and discomfort in pronouncing or hearing

D) the repetition of similar vowels, usually in stressed
syllables

E) the simultaneous realization of two meanings

21. The following phrase «»There comes a period in every
man’s life, but she is just a semicolon in his.»» is an example of:

A) Assonance

B) Pun

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

22. The following phrase «He took his hat and his leave»
is an example of:

A) Assonance

B) Zeugma

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

23. The following phrase «She went home, in a flood of tears
and a sedan chair» is an example of:

A) Assonance

B) Zeugma

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

24. Combination of
polysemantic verbs with nouns of most varying semantic groups,which are not
connected semantically, is called:

A) Assonance

B) Zeugma

C) Onomatopoeia

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

25. When the number of homogeneous members, semantically
disconnected, but attached to the same verb, increases, we deal with…

A) Semantically false chains

B) Zeugma

C) Pun

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

26. The following case «A Governess wanted. Must possess
knowledge of Romanian, Russian, Italian, Spanish, German, Music and Mining
Engineering.» from S. Leacock may serve an example of:

A) Semantically false chains

B) Zeugma

C) Pun

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

27. Zeugma restores the literal original meaning of the word,
which also occurs in …

A) Semantically false chains

B) Violation of phraseological units

C) Pun

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

28. The following phrase «Little Jon was born with a silver spoon
in his mouth which was rather curly and large» is an example of:

A) Semantically false chains

B) Violation of phraseological units

C) Pun

D) Metaphor

E) Metonymy

29. Which stylistic device rests on the extension of syntactical
valency and results in joining two semantically disconnected clauses into one
sentence?

A) Semantically false chains

B) Violation of phraseological units

C) Pun

D) Nonsense of non-sequence

E) Metonymy

30. The following phrase «Emperor Nero played the fiddle, so
they burnt Rome.» is an example of:

A) Semantically false chains

B) Violation of phraseological units

C) Pun

D) Nonsense of non-sequence

E) Metonymy

Ответы
на тесты по стилистике английского языка

Variant I	Variant II	Variant III
1	A	1	E	1	C
2	A	2	A	2	E
3	B	3	A	3	A
4	C	4	D	4	D
5	A	5	B	5	A
6	B	6	C	6	A
7	A	7	D	7	D
8	E	8	E	8	D
9	B	9	A	9	A
10	B	10	D	10	D
11	D	11	B	11	E
12	A	12	A	12	B
13	A	13	C	13	E
14	D	14	C	14	E
15	C	15	A	15	E
16	A	16	A	16	E
17	C	17	B	17	E
18	C	18	D	18	E
19	C	19	E	19	A
20	D	20	D	20	E
21	D	21	D	21	B
22	A	22	B	22	B
23	A	23	D	23	B
24	A	24	B	24	B
25	A	25	E	25	A
26	C	26	D	26	A
27	C	27	B	27	B
28	C	28	C	28	B
29	B	29	C	29	D
30	A	30	B	30	D

Источник

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of British words not widely used in the United States. In Ireland, Canada, New Zealand, India, South Africa, and Australia, some of the British terms listed are used, although another usage is often preferred.

Words with specific British English meanings that have different meanings in American and/or additional meanings common to both languages (e.g. pants, cot) are to be found at List of words having different meanings in American and British English. When such words are herein used or referenced, they are marked with the flag [DM] (different meaning).
Asterisks (*) denote words and meanings having appreciable (that is, not occasional) currency in American English, but are nonetheless notable for their relatively greater frequency in British speech and writing.
British English spelling is consistently used throughout the article, except when explicitly referencing American terms.

0–9[edit]

999: Pronounced «nine nine nine», the UK Emergency phone number^[1] (US 911)^[2]

A[edit]

abseil: to descend on a rope (US rappel)^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]
Action Man: the action figure toy sold in the US as G.I. Joe.^[9]
agony aunt or uncle: (informal) the author of an agony column (US advice columnist or Dear Abby)
agony column: (informal) a newspaper or magazine column providing advice to readers’ personal problems (US advice column)
aeroplane: any fixed-wing aircraft (US airplane)
afters: dessert, informal^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]
«all change»: the public-transportation announcement for the last stop (US All out)
amongst: a synonym of among acceptable in British English while seeming old fashioned or pretentious in American English^[15]
anorak: a hooded coat (US parka); a socially impaired obsessive, particularly trainspotters (US geek, trekkie, otaku, etc.)
answerphone: an automated telephone-answering machine, from the trademark Ansafone (US & UK answering machine)
anti-clockwise, anticlockwise: the direction opposite to clockwise (US counterclockwise).
approved school: (informal) a reform school for juvenile delinquents, from their pre-1969 designation; juvenile detention centres, whether Secure Training Centres for 15- to 18-year-olds or Young Offender Institutions for 18- to 21-year-olds (US juvie)
argy-bargy: (informal) a noisy disagreement^[16] ranging from a verbal dispute to pushing-and-shoving or outright fighting.
arse: buttocks, backside or anus (more vulgar than US ass)
(fall) arse over tit: (vulgar) to fall head over heels
(be) arsed: (informal) to be made to get off one’s arse, usually as a negative or conditional (US be bothered to)
artic: an abbreviation of «articulated lorry» (US semi)
as at: (before dates) on a particular date^[17]
aubergine: US eggplant (both the fruit and colour)
Auntie or Auntie Beeb: (affectionate) the BBC
autocue: an automated system for providing scripts to actors and orators, from a genericised trademark (US teleprompter)

B[edit]

balls-up: (vulgar, though possibly not in origin) error, mistake, SNAFU. See also cock-up. (US: fuck up, screw up, mess up)
bank holiday: a statutory holiday when banks and most businesses are closed ^[18] (national holiday; state holiday in U.S.)
bap: soft bread roll or a sandwich made from it (this itself is a regional usage in the UK rather than a universal one); in plural, breasts (vulgar slang e.g. «get your baps out, love»); a person’s head (Northern Ireland).^[19]
barmaid *, barman: a woman or man who serves drinks in a bar. Barman and the originally American bartender appeared within a year of each other (1837 and 1836); barmaid is almost two centuries older (circa 1658).
barmy: crazy, unbalanced^[20] (US: balmy)^[21]^[22]
barney: a noisy quarrel, trouble; origin unknown.^[23]^[24]^[25]
barrister *: In England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, this used to be the only type of lawyer qualified to argue a case in both higher and lower law courts; contrasts with solicitor. For Scotland, see advocate. Occasionally used in the U.S., but not to define any particular type of lawyer.
bedsit (or bedsitter): one-room flat that serves as a living room, kitchen and bedroom and with shared bathroom facilities (US: see SRO; compare studio apartment (in British English a studio apartment – sometimes ‘studio flat’ – would have a self-contained bathroom)’ efficiency)
Beeb, the Beeb: (affectionate slang) the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation). See also ‘Auntie’ (above). The British band Queen released an album called At the Beeb in the UK and it had to be called «At the BBC» for US release.
Belisha beacon: orange ball, containing a flashing light or now sometimes surrounded by a flashing disc of LEDs, mounted on a post at each end of a zebra crossing (q.v.); named after the UK Minister of Transport Leslie Hore-Belisha who introduced them in 1934.
bell-end: the glans penis (slang, vulgar), a term of abuse.
berk, burk or burke: a mildly derogatory term for a fool or stupid person. An abbreviation of either ‘Berkshire Hunt’ or ‘Berkeley Hunt’, rhyming slang for cunt.^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29]^[30]
bespoke *: custom-made to a buyer’s specification (US:custom-made)
bevvy: an alcoholic beverage
biccie, bicky, bikky: a biscuit (US: «cookie»)
big girl’s blouse: a man or a boy who behaves in a way which other men think is how a woman would behave, especially if they show they are frightened of something^[31]
bint: a condescending and sometimes derogatory term for a woman (from the Arabic for ‘daughter’).^[32] Usage varies with a range of harshness from ‘bitch’, referring to a disagreeable and domineering woman, to only a slightly derogatory term for a young woman.
biro: a ballpoint pen. Named after its Hungarian inventor László Bíró and the eponymous company which first marketed them. (US: «Bic»)
bits and bobs: sundry items to purchase, pick up, etc. (e.g. whilst grocery shopping); Britain and US: odds and ends
black pudding: (US: blood sausage)
blag: (slang) to obtain or achieve by deception and/or ill preparation, to bluff, to scrounge, to rob, to wing it. A scam, tall story or deception. Derived from the French word blague.^[33]
bleeder: derogatory term used in place of bloke («what’s that stupid bleeder done now?»); use has declined in recent years.
blimey: (informal) an exclamation of surprise. (Originally gor blimey, a euphemism for God blind me, but has generally lost this connotation.)
block of flats: a large building divided into flats (apartment building in U.S.) ^[34]
bloke: (informal) man, fellow. e.g. Terry is a top bloke. Also common in Australia and New Zealand. (US and UK also: guy, US dude).
blower: telephone
blues and twos: (slang) emergency vehicle with lights and sirens (emergency services in the UK generally use blue flashing lights and formerly used a two-tone siren) (US: lights and sirens or code)
bobby: police officer, named after Sir Robert Peel, the founder of the Metropolitan Police in 1829. The word «peeler» of similar origin, is used in Northern Ireland.
Bob’s your uncle: «there you go», «it’s that simple».^[35] (Some areas of US have the phrase Bob’s your uncle, Fanny’s your aunt)
bod: a person ^[36]^[37]
bodge: a cheap or poor (repair) job, can range from inelegant but effective to outright failure. e.g. «You properly bodged that up» («you really made a mess of that»). (US: kludge, botch or cob, shortened form of cobble) See Bodger.
boffin: an expert, such as a scientist or engineer
bog roll: (roll of) toilet («bog») paper (slang).
bog-standard *: completely ordinary, run-of-the-mill, unadulterated, unmodified. (US vanilla, garden-variety).
boiled sweet: type of confection (US: hard candy)
bollocks: (vulgar; originally ballocks, colloquially also spelled as bollox) testicles; verbal rubbish (as in «you’re talking bollocks») (US: bullshit). The somewhat similar bollix is found in American English, but without the anatomical connotations or vulgar sense meaning ‘mess up’. The twin pulley blocks at the top of a ship’s mast are also known as bollocks, and in the 18th century priests’ sermons were colloquially referred to as bollocks; it was by claiming this last usage that the Sex Pistols prevented their album Never Mind the Bollocks from being banned under British obscenity laws.^[38] Related phrases include bollocksed, which means either tired («I’m bollocksed!») or broken beyond repair; bollocks up, meaning to mess up («He really bollocksed that up»); and [a] bollocking, meaning a stern telling off. Compare dog’s bollocks, below
bonce: head (informal)^[39]^[40]
bone-idle *: lazy
botty, bot: a person’s bottom (informal or childish)^[41]^[42]
brass monkeys: cold – from «cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey». According to a popular folk etymology, this phrase derives from cannonballs stowed on a brass triangle named after a «powder monkey» (a boy who runs gunpowder to the ship’s guns) spilling owing to the frame’s contraction in cold weather. (This is however incorrect for several physical and linguistic reasons.) The phrase is a 20th-century variant of earlier expressions referring to other body parts, especially the nose and tail, indicating that the brass monkey took the form of a real monkey.
brekkie, brekky: (slang) synonym of breakfast
breve: (musical) a note of two bars’ length (or a count of in 4/4 time (US: double whole note)
bristols: (vulgar, rhyming slang) breasts; from football team Bristol City = titty
brolly: (informal) umbrella
brown bread: (rhyming slang) dead; «You’re brown bread, mate!»
browned off: Fed up, annoyed or out of patience.
bubble and squeak: dish of cooked cabbage fried with cooked potatoes and other vegetables. Often made from the remains of the Sunday roast trimmings.
budgerigar or (colloquial) budgie: a small Australian parrot (US: not distinguished from other parakeets)
buggered: (vulgar, literally a synonym for ‘sodomised’) worn out; broken; thwarted, undermined, in a predicament, e.g. «If we miss the last bus home, we’re buggered» (US: screwed). Also used to indicated lack of motivation as in «I can’t be buggered». (US: «I can’t be bothered.»)
bugger all: little or nothing at all; «I asked for a pay rise and they gave me bugger all»; «I know bugger all about plants»; damn all. US: zip, jack or (offensive) jack shit. Usage is rare in the US.
building society: an institution, owned by its depositors rather than shareholders, that provides mortgage loans and other financial services (US equivalent: savings and loan association)
bum bag: a bag worn on a strap around the waist (US: fanny [DM] pack)
bumble: to wander aimlessly or stroll/walk without urgency to a destination; usually synonymous with amble when used in the US.
bumf, bumph: useless paperwork or documentation (from «bum fodder», toilet paper)
bunce: a windfall; profit; bonus
bureau de change: an office where money can be exchanged (US: currency exchange)
burgle *: (originally colloquial, back-formation from burglar) to commit burglary (in the US, burglarize is overwhelmingly preferred, although burgle is occasionally found).
butty: (Northern England) a sandwich^[43] (esp. ‘chip butty’ or ‘bacon butty’).
by-election: (US: special election)

C[edit]

cack: (slang) faeces (feces); nonsense or rubbish: «what a load of cack» could equally be used to describe someone talking nonsense or as a criticism of something of poor quality. Also spelt «kak» as used in Afrikaans and Dutch. Derived from an ancient Indo-European word, kakkos, cognate with German word Kacke, Welsh word «cach» and the Irish and Scottish Gaelic word «cac» which all mean ‘shit’.
cack-handed: (informal) clumsy * ; left-handed. Derived from cack, meaning «fæces (feces)», with reference to the tradition that only the left hand should be used for cleaning the ‘unclean’ part of the human body (i.e. below the waist).
cafetière: device for making coffee (US: French press)
caff: abbreviation for a cafe; now used mainly for the old-fashioned establishment to distinguish from coffeeshops.
cagoule: type of lightweight hooded waterproof clothing (US: windbreaker)
call minder: (rare) telephone message recorder (US and UK also: answering machine; voicemail machine)
candidature: synonymous with candidacy
candy floss: spun sugar confection (US: cotton candy); «candyfloss culture» was also used around the late 1950s / early 1960s as a derisory term for the emerging American pop culture,^[44] similar to «McCulture» or «Coca-Cola culture» in more recent times
caravan park: area where caravans are parked (US: Trailer park for near-permanently-installed mobile homes, RV park or campground for areas intended for short term recreational vehicle parking. Trailer parks are typically low-income permanent residencies; RV parks/campgrounds are a holiday (vacation) destination.)
car boot: storage area of car (US: trunk). Can also mean car boot sale.
car hire: car rental
car park: area where cars are parked (US usually parking lot if outdoor, parking garage if indoor).
carer: a person who cares for another, such as a child, elderly, or disabled person. (US: caregiver)
carriageway: the part of a road that carries the traffic; see also dual carriageway
cash machine: automated teller machine.
cashpoint: automated teller machine. Originally a brand name for Lloyds TSB ATMs, now genericized.
caster sugar: Finely granulated white or pale golden sugar. (US: superfine sugar)^[45]^[46]^[47]
cat’s eyes: reflectors used to mark lane divisions and edges of roads, also written cats-eye, genericised from the trademark Catseye (US: raised pavement marker; Botts’ dots are similar)
central heating boiler: (US: furnace)
central reservation: physical barrier separating the two carriageways (on dual carriageways and motorways) (US: median strip)
chancer: (slang) an opportunist
char, cha: (informal) tea. From Mandarin 茶 (chá).
char: (informal) see charwoman
charlady: see charwoman
Chartered Accountant: one authorised to certify financial statements; the equivalent of an American CPA (Certified Public Accountant)
charwoman: (dated) a woman employed as a cleaner
chat up (someone): talk flirtatiously with. Similar to American «come on to (someone)».
chav: (slang, often derogatory, used primarily in England) typically a nouveau riche or working class person, often of lowish intelligence, who wears designer label (e.g. Burberry) copies, fake gold bling, and is a trouble-maker. «Chav» is used nationally, though «charv» or «charva» was originally used in the northeast of England, deriving from the Roma word charva, meaning a disreputable youth. The closest US equivalents to the chav stereotype are arguably wiggers, although the cultural differences are existent.^{[clarification needed]}
cheeky *: impertinent; noun form, cheek, impertinence; a child answering back to an adult might be told «don’t give me any of your cheek» (also there is the expression «cheeky monkey!» in reaction to a cheeky remark).
cheerio!: (informal, friendly) exclamation of farewell (similar to ‘seeya!’ and ‘ta-ra!’). No connection to the breakfast cereal Cheerios.
Chesterfield sofa: a deep buttoned sofa, with arms and back of the same height. It is usually made from leather and the term Chesterfield in British English is only applied to this type of sofa.^[48]
child-minder: (babysitter) a person who looks after babies and young children (usually in the person’s own home) while the parents are working. Child-minders are a more professional type of babysitter, and in England are required to be registered with Ofsted, the government-sanctioned education regulation body. They must also have at least a Level 2 qualification in childcare. A babysitter does not require these qualifications.^[49] Babysitter is more common in the UK.
chimney pot: smoke-stack above a house. «Pot» refers to the cylindrical topmost part that is usually earthenware. The part below is the chimney or chimney stack.
chinagraph pencil: pencil designed to write on china, glass etc. (US: grease pencil, china marker)
chip shop: (informal) fish-and-chip shop (parts of Scotland, Ireland: chipper), also chippy (see also List of words having different meanings in British and American English)
chinwag: (slang) chat
chuffed: (informal) proud, satisfied, pleased. Sometimes intensified as well chuffed; cf. made up
chunder: vomit^[31]
chunter: (sometimes chunner) to mutter, to grumble, to talk continuously;^[50] «What’s he chuntering on about?»
clanger: (informal) a big mistake, blunder, bad joke or faux pas («to drop a clanger») (US: to lay an egg)
clapped out: (informal) worn out (said of an object)
cleg: horse fly
climbing frame: a playground apparatus composed of bars for children to climb on ^[51] (jungle gym in U.S.)
clingfilm: thin plastic film for wrapping food (US: plastic wrap, Saran wrap)
cobblers *: shoe repairers ; (slang) a weaker version of bollocks, meaning ‘nonsense’ (often «a load of old cobblers»), from rhyming slang ‘cobbler’s awls’ = balls
cock-up, cockup *: (mildly vulgar) error, mistake.
codswallop *, codd’s wallop: «You’re talking codswallop». Sometimes said to be named after Hiram Codd, the inventor of the Codd bottle, which was commonly used in the late 19th century for fizzy drinks («Codd’s wallop»), though this derivation is thought to be false etymology.^[52] (US: You’re talking garbage)
common or garden: of the usual or ordinary type.^[53]
communication cord: near-obsolete term for the emergency brake on a train. It is nowadays an alarm handle connected to a PA system which alerts the driver.
community payback: court-mandated sentence of community service either in addition to or as a substitute for incarceration^[54]
compère: (French) master of ceremonies, MC^[55]
compulsory purchase: the power of the governmental authority to take private property for public use (similar to US: eminent domain)
conservatoire: music school (US usually conservatory)
cooker: kitchen stove (US: stove)
cool box: box for keeping food and liquids cool (US and UK also: cooler)
cop off with: (slang) to successfully engage the company of a potential sexual partner, to «pull»; to copulate (have sexual intercourse) with.
coriander *: when referring to the leaves, often called «cilantro» in the US
cornflour: Finely ground flour made from corn, used as a thickener in cooking (US: corn starch)^[56]
Cor Blimey: see Gor Blimey
coster, costermonger: a seller of fruit and vegetables
cotton bud: wad of cotton wool fixed to a small stick, used for cleaning (US: cotton swab, Q-Tip)
council house/flat, also council housing or estate: public housing. In Scotland the term housing scheme, or simply scheme is more commonly used. (US: projects)
counterfoil *: stub of a cheque, ticket etc. (US: stub)
counterpane: a decorative cloth used to cover a bed when it is not in use (US: bedspread)^[57]
courgette: (French) the plant Cucurbita pepo (US: zucchini, from Italian).
crack on(-to): whereas «crack on» may be used in a generalised sense as «[to] get on with [something]» (often, a task), to «crack on to [some person, specifically]» indicates one was, or planned to, engage in flirtation, to varying degrees
crikey: (dated) exclamation of surprise (once a euphemism for Christ’s keys or perhaps Christ Kill Me). Popularized in the US by late Australian herpetologist Steve Irwin)
crimble, crimbo, chrimbo: Christmas, especially with regard to its more secular and commercial aspects.
crisps: very thinly sliced fried potatoes, often flavoured, eaten cold as a snack (US: potato chips)
crotchet: a musical note with a duration of one count in a time signature of 4/4 (common time) (US: quarter note; see Note value)
cuddly toy: soft toy (sometimes used in the US; also stuffed animal, plush toy). Occurs as the title of the Monkees’ song «Cuddly Toy», written by Nilsson.
cuppa: [cup of] tea (never coffee or other beverage)
current account: personal bank account used for everyday transactions (US: checking account)

D[edit]

daft *: odd, mad, eccentric, daffy, crazy – often with the implication of it being amusingly so. «Don’t be daft» and «don’t be silly» are approximately synonymous.
defeating the ends of justice: Scotland only;^[58] England and Wales equivalent is perverting the course of justice (similar concept in US: obstruction of justice)
dekko: (informal) a look, reconnoître «I’ll take a dekko at it later.» – British military slang derived from the Hindustani dhek/dekho meaning «to see». Also less commonly decco, deccie, deek, deeks.
dene: wooded valley or seaside dune (mainly S W England)
doddle: something accomplished easily – «It’s a doddle», meaning «it’s easy».
dodgems *: funfair or fairground bumper cars
dodgy *: unsound, unstable, and unreliable (US: sketchy). ‘That bloke over there looks a bit dodgy’
dogsbody: someone who carries out menial tasks on another’s behalf; a drudge (US: grunt)
the dog’s bollocks: (vulgar) something excellent or top quality, the «bee’s knees», the «cat’s whiskers». Sometimes just «the bollocks.» (US: the shit). In polite company this phrase may be toned down to «The mutt’s nuts», or the phrase «The bee’s knees» may be used as a polite substitute.
dog’s breakfast/dinner: something poorly executed; a mess^[59]^[60]^[61]^[62]^[63]
dole *: (informal) welfare, specifically unemployment benefit. Sometimes used in the US, esp. older generation
donkey’s years: a very long time.^[64]^[65] (originally «donkey’s ears» as rhyming slang).
door furniture: (US: door hardware)
doolally: (informal), mentally ill. From the former British Army Deolali transit camp in India^[66]
dosh: (slang) money (US: dough) «how much dosh you got on ya?»
doss: to be lazy, «I’ve been dossing all day», also can mean to truant, «dossing off» (similar to bunking off). Additionally it can informally take the form of a noun (i.e. «that lesson was a doss», meaning that lesson was easy, or good (primarily central Scotland). Also «dosser», a lazy person, or a tramp (US bum); «to doss down», to find a place to sleep, to sleep on some substitute for a bed such as a sofa, the floor, or a park bench; «doss-house», temporary accommodation for tramps or homeless people, cheap dilapidated rented accommodation with low standards of cleanliness (US: flophouse)
double first: an undergraduate degree where the candidate has gained First-Class Honours in two separate subjects, or alternatively in the same subject in subsequent examinations (see British undergraduate degree classification)
draper: a dealer in drapery (i.e. clothing, textiles, etc.) (US: dry goods [DM])
draughts: the board game (US: checkers)
drawing pin *: pin with a large, flat head, used for fixing notices to noticeboards etc. (US: thumbtack)
dress circle: the seats in the first balcony of a theatre (US: balcony or loge although dress circle is used in a few very large opera houses that have many levels of balconies)
drink-driving: operating a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol (US: drunk driving; DUI [Driving Under the Influence]; DWI [Driving While Intoxicated/Impaired]; OWI [Operating While Intoxicated])
driving licence: document authorising the holder to drive a vehicle (US: driver’s license, driver license)
dual carriageway: road, usually a major one, with the two directions of travel separated by a traffic-free, and usually slightly raised, central reservation. Each direction of travel (carriageway) comprises two or more ‘lanes’. (US: divided highway)
dustbin: (sometimes used in the US) receptacle for rubbish, very often shortened to ‘bin’. (US: trash can; wastebasket)
dustbin man or dustman: rubbish collector (US: garbage man; trash man; sanitation engineer)
dustcart/dustbin lorry: rubbish/refuse collecting vehicle (US: garbage truck; trash truck)

E[edit]

economy class *: the cheapest class of passenger airline travel (US: coach or coach class)
earth, earthed: connected to an electric common return (including but not limited to the physical earth), (US: ground, grounded)
Elastoplast: an adhesive bandage placed on a minor cut or scrape (UK also: plaster or sticking/sticky plaster [DM]; US: Adhesive bandage, Band-Aid)
electric fire: domestic electric heater (US: space heater)
engaged tone: tone indicating a telephone line in use, (US: busy signal)
estate agent *: a person who sells property for others (US: realtor, real estate agent)
estate car: a station wagon
exclamation mark *: (US: exclamation point)^[67]
ex-directory: (of a telephone number) unlisted; also informally of a person «he’s ex-directory», meaning his telephone number is unlisted
extension lead: Extension cable typically refers to mains power but may refer to other cables like telephones, (US and UK also: extension cord)

F[edit]

faff: to dither, futz, waste time, be ineffectual, «I spent the day faffing about in my room». Also related noun («That’s too much of a faff»).^[68]^[69]
fag end: cigarette butt; also used as in «the fag end of the day», i.e. the last part of the working day
fairing: a gift, particularly one given or bought at a fair (obsolete); type of cookie (biscuit) made in Cornwall
fairy cake: a small sponge cake (US and UK also: cupcake)
fairy lights: Christmas lights
fan-assisted oven: an oven that has fans to circulate air around food (US and UK: convection oven)^[70]^[71]
fiddly *: requiring dexterity to operate («the buttons on the tiny mobile phone were too fiddly»)
fire brigade: fire department
fish fingers: (US: fish sticks)
fiver: five pound note (bill)
fizzy drink *: carbonated soft drink (US: soda, pop, coke, tonic (New England) depending on the region)^[72]
flex: electrical lead (UK); electrical cord (US)
flight lieutenant: an Air Force officer rank (US: captain)
flypast: ceremonial flight of aircraft (US: flyby) ^[73]^[74]
flyover: a road crossing over another road (US: overpass)
footie: (slang) football (US: soccer)
fortnight *: a period of 14 days (and nights) or two weeks
freephone: a telephone number where the caller is not charged for the call (US: toll-free number)
French letter: (slang) condom^[75]^[76]
funfair: a travelling fair with amusements, stalls, rides etc. (US: carnival or traveling carnival)
full stop: (US: period (punctuation mark))

G[edit]

gaff: (slang) house, home. Also any other place: cheap music hall, theatre, pub, club, shop, hangout
gaffer *: (informal) old man; (informal) boss; football manager (US: soccer coach); Also in US: (professional) chief electrician on a theatrical or film set.
gangway *: a path between the rows of seats in a theatre or elsewhere (US aisle; gangway is a naval command to make a path for an officer)
gaol: A prison, mostly historical (US and most modern UK usage: jail)^[77]
G clamp: A metal screw clamp (US: C clamp).
gearbox: system of gears in a vehicle or other machinery (US transmission); In UK transmission typically refers to drive shafts.
gear-lever / gearstick: handle for changing gears in a vehicle or other machinery (US gearshift^[78])
gen: (informal) information, info (short for «intelligence») (US: intel)
get off with someone *: (colloquial) to begin a sexual relationship^[79]^[80]
Geordie: a person from Newcastle upon Tyne, or used as an adjective to describe the accent or culture of the surrounding Tyne and Wear region of England.
get on [one’s] tits: annoy or irritate.
gherkin: a pickled cucumber (US: «pickle»)
git *: (derogatory) scumbag, idiot, annoying person (originally meaning illegitimate; from archaic form «get», bastard, which is still used to mean «git» in Northern dialects and is used as such in The Beatles’ song «I’m So Tired»)
giro: (slang), social security benefit payment (US: welfare), is derived from the largely obsolete Girobank payment system that was once used in Britain for benefit and state pension payments.
glandular fever: mononucleosis
gob: 1. (n.) mouth, e.g. «Shut your gob» (US: «Shut your trap/flap«); 2. (v.) phlegm or spit containing phlegm (US: loogie)
gobby: loudmouthed and offensive^[81]
gob-shite: (vulgar, insult) slang term for a person who is being mouthy about something or someone
gobsmacked: (slang) utterly astonished, open-mouthed
gods (the): (informal) the highest level of seating in a theatre or auditorium, usually the «Upper Circle», as in «we have a seat up in the gods» (US: nosebleed section^[82])
go pear-shaped: see pear-shaped
golden syrup: Syrup of a golden-yellow colour.^[83]^[84]
goolies: (slang) the testicles, from goli Hindi for ball.
gor blimey: exclamation of surprise, also cor blimey (originally from «God blind me»)
Gordon Bennett!: expression of surprise, contempt, outrage, disgust, frustration.
gormless: stupid or clumsy
go-slow: a protest in which workers deliberately work slowly (US: slowdown or work to rule)
green fingers: talent for growing plants (US: green thumb)
greengrocer *: a retail trader in fruit and vegetables
gritter: a truck that spreads sand or salt on roads when they are covered with ice (US: salt truck, salt spreader)^[85]
grotty: disgusting, dirty, poor quality (originally from grotesque, though now rarely used with quite that meaning). In a scene from the 1964 film A Hard Day’s Night, George Harrison has to explain the meaning and origin of the word; the impression is given that it was then considered modern slang, known only to trendy youngsters (this is no longer the case). George Harrison would have been familiar with the word as well-established Liverpool slang.^[86]
group captain: an Air Force officer rank (US: colonel)
guard’s van: (n.) (also known as a Brake Van or a Driving Van Trailer) the leading or trailing carriage on a train nowadays used for luggage storage (US: Caboose)
gumption *: initiative, common sense, or courage
gutties: running shoes, tennis shoes, maybe from «gutta percha» old source of natural rubber
guv’nor/guv: (slang) A contraction of «governor», used to describe a person in a managerial position e.g. «Sorry mate, can’t come to the pub, my guv’nor’s got me working late tonight». Heard mostly in London.

H[edit]

half-: [as in ‘half-eight’] meaning thirty minutes past the hour (Standard English and US: «Half past»).
handbrake *: Parking brake operated by a hand control, usually a lever (US: Emergency brake. In the US, the traditional «hand brake» is more often to be found on a bicycle or motorcycle as opposed to a car as in the UK.); handbrake turn, a stunt where the handbrake is used to lock the rear wheels and the resulting oversteer enables the car to be turned rapidly in a small space (US related: J-turn, bootleg turn, U-turn.)
ha’penny: (pronounced «HAY-penny» or «HAYP-nee») half a penny; a coin of this denomination belonging to the predecimal coinage which is no longer in circulation. There was also a half penny in the decimal coinage introduced in 1971 which was 1/200 of a pound; these stopped being legal tender in 1985 and were removed from circulation.
ha’porth: (pronounced «HAY-puth») halfpennyworth.
hash sign: the symbol «#» (US: number sign, pound sign [DM], hash tag)
headmaster, headmistress, headteacher, head *: the person in charge of a school (US: principal [DM]; headmaster and the like are usually used for private schools)
Heath Robinson: (of a machine or contraption) absurdly complex (see Rube Goldberg machine).
high street: primary business and shopping street (US: main street)
hire purchase: a credit system by which purchased articles are paid for in installments (US: installment plan or layaway if the item is kept at the store until the final payment is made)
hoarding: a panel used to display outdoor advertisements, such as on the sides of buildings, or alongside highways (US billboard)^[87]
hob: the hot surface on a stove (US: burner)
hold-all: a bag (US: duffel bag)
holidaymaker: person on holiday [DM] (US: vacationer)^[88]
hols: (informal) short for holidays [DM]
hoover: vacuum [cleaner], to vacuum (archaic in the US); a genericised trademark, from The Hoover Company, the first main manufacturer of vacuum cleaners
hot up: to become more exciting^[89] (US: heating up).
hundreds-and-thousands: coloured sugar sprinkles used for dessert decoration (US: sprinkles, non-pareils, jimmies)

I[edit]

ice lolly: frozen fruit juice on a stick; (US: ice pop, Popsicle),
icing sugar: (US: powdered sugar)
identity parade: police lineup
industrial action: (see article; US: job action)
inverted commas: quotation marks (see also American and British English differences – Punctuation)
invigilator: person who monitors an examination (US: proctor [DM])
ironmongery: ironware, hardware; hardware store

J[edit]

jacket potato: baked potato
jam sandwich: (slang) police car. So called as, in the past, most UK police vehicles were white with a horizontal yellow-edged red fluorescent stripe along the entire length of their sides, giving a certain resemblance to a white bread sandwich with a coloured jam filling. The majority of marked vehicle operated by the Metropolitan Police Service retain this livery, albeit the cars are now (mostly) silver. Some older vehicles are still in white, while the Diplomatic Protection Group (DPG) use red vehicles. (US: black-and-white. In many cities of the US, police cars are painted black at the hood and trunk and white on the doors and roof.)
jammy (git, cow): (slang) lucky (person, woman)
JCB: generic name for a mechanical excavator or backhoe loader, based on the eponymously named company which manufactures such devices.
jemmy: To break into a lock, from the tool that is used in such an occasion as burglary (US: jimmy)
jerry: (slang) pejorative term for a German or Germans
jerrybuilt or jerry-built: An improvised or unsafe building or piece of infrastructure (e.g. an electrical installation), probably in contravention of safety legislation; (US: jerry-rigged, jury-rigged).
jiggery-pokery: Trickery or dishonest behaviour.^[90]^[91]^[92]^[93]
jimmy: (Rhyming slang) urinate, as in jimmy riddle – piddle
jobsworth: (slang) Originally a minor clerical/government worker who refuses to be flexible in the application of rules to help clients or customers (as in «it will cost me more than my job’s worth to bend the rules»). Also used more broadly to apply to anyone who uses their job description in a deliberately obstructive way.
johnny: (slang) a condom (US: rubber [DM], Jimmy-hat)
John Thomas: Better known as slang for penis or «dick» (US: cock, dick, or johnson) From the novel Lady Chatterley’s Lover
Joey: Term of abuse used of someone perceived to be foolish, stupid, incompetent, clumsy, uncoordinated, ridiculous, idiotic. Originated with the appearances of cerebral palsy sufferer Joey Deacon on children’s TV programme Blue Peter; still a popular insult among adults who saw the programmes as children.^[94]
jumble sale: (see article; US: rummage sale)
jumper: a pullover *, sweater
jump leads: booster cables used to jump-start a car (US: jumper cables)

K[edit]

Karno’s Army: a chaotic, ineffective team (usually: Fred Karno’s Army) (related US: Keystone Kops, Gang That Couldn’t Shoot Straight)
kecks: (informal, also spelt keks) trousers or underpants
kerfuffle *: a disorderly outburst, disturbance or tumult; from Scots carfuffle^[95]^[96]
kazi: (slang) lavatory^[97] (numerous alternative spellings are seen, such as khazi,^[98]^[99] karzy, karsey, carzey etc.)
kip: (slang) sleep.
kirby grip: hair grip. (US: bobby pin)
kitchen roll: paper towels
knackered: (slang) exhausted, broken; the term may derive from either of two meanings of the noun knacker (see knacker’s yard and knackers below), thus to slaughter or castrate ^[100]
knacker’s yard: premises where superannuated livestock are sent for rendering, etc. by a knacker. Sometimes refers to the same for vehicles, a scrapyard (US: junkyard)
knackers: (slang) testicles
knickers: girls’ and women’s underpants (US: panties): hence, «Don’t get your knickers in a twist» (US: «don’t get your panties in a wad», «keep calm», «hold your horses», «chill out»)

L[edit]

ladybird: red and black flying insect (US: ladybug)
lag (usually «old lag»): an inmate in a prison^[101]
landslip: A collapse of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff (US: landslide)^[102]
launderette: self-service laundry (US: laundromat, from an expired Westinghouse trademark)
lav: (informal) lavatory, toilet; also, lavvy (in the US, airplane restrooms are typically called lavatories)
lead (electrical, as on an appliance or musical instrument, microphone etc.): electrical cord (US)
learnt: past tense of «learn» (US: learned); occasionally used in African American Vernacular English
legacy accounts: funds left in a budget (US: funds remaining)
legless: extremely drunk
lessons: classes (class used more commonly in US English)
let-out: (n.) a means of evading or avoiding something
letter box: 1. a slot in a wall or door through which incoming post [DM] is delivered (US: mail slot, mailbox); 2. (less common) a box in the street for receiving outgoing letters and other mail (more usually called a postbox or pillar box) (US: mailbox); See also Letterbox (US & UK): a film display format taking its name from the shape of a letter-box slot
life assurance: also described as life insurance regardless of coverage (US: life insurance)
liquidiser: blender^[103]
lock-in *: illegal gathering in a pub at night to drink after the pub is supposed to have stopped serving alcohol, where the landlord «locks in» his guests to avoid being caught by police. Unless the landlord charges for the drinks at the time, the people in the pub are considered his personal guests; if money is exchanged beforehand or afterwards then it is considered a gift from the guest to the landlord for the hospitality. Since the introduction of the smoking ban in England and Wales in 2007, a «lock in» can now mean a landlord locking the pub doors and allowing smoking inside the premises. Also called a stay-back or stoppy-back in Northern England. (US: may refer to a large and highly chaperoned «sleep over» at a church, school, etc.)
lodger *: tenant renting a room rather than an entire property; typically lives with the renter and his/her family
lollipop man / woman / lady: a school crossing guard who uses a circular stop sign
lolly *: 1. lollipop /ice lolly (US: popsicle); (q.v.); 2. (slang) money
loo: toilet (usually the room, not just the plumbing device) (US: bathroom in a home, restroom in a public place; occasionally washroom in the north, borrowed from Canadian usage)
lorry: a large goods-carrying motor vehicle (US and UK also: truck)
loudhailer: megaphone (US: bullhorn)
lower ground: In houses, a floor below ground level but not fully underground, typically under a raised ground floor which has steps up from ground level to the main entrance. In offices and shops, a basement.
lurgy: (hard ‘g’, originally spelled «lurgi»)^[104] 1. An imaginary illness allegedly passed on by touch—used as an excuse to avoid someone. (c.f. US: cooties) From an episode of the Goon Show. 2. (slang) A fictitious, yet highly infectious disease; often used in the phrase «the dreaded lurgy», sometimes as a reference to flu-like symptoms. Can also be used when informing someone one is unwell but one either does not know or does not want to say what the illness is.

M[edit]

mains power, the mains: 230 V (Typically denoted on domestic electricals as the older 240 V standard) AC electric current, provided by the electricity grid to homes and businesses; also attrib. («mains cable») (US: 120 volts AC, variously called: line power, grid power, AC power, household electricity, etc.)
manky: (slang) feeling ill, rough, out of sorts; filthy, dirty, rotten. (of uncertain origin, poss. from French «manqué» – missed, wasted or faulty)
mardy: (derogatory, mainly Northern and Central England) describes someone who is in a bad mood, or more generally a crybaby or whiner or «grumpy, difficult, unpredictable». Used, for example, by children in the rhyme «Mardy, mardy mustard…», and in the title of the Arctic Monkeys song «Mardy Bum». The verb to throw a mardy means to display an outburst of anger.
maths: mathematics (US: math)
MD (managing director): equivalent of US CEO (Chief Executive Officer), also used in the UK
Mexican wave: simply called The Wave in the US
mentioned in dispatches: a commendation through being identified positively in a military report^[105]^[10]
milliard (obsolete): one thousand million, or 1,000,000,000 (US: billion or 1,000,000,000)^[87] Has for a long time been superseded by the short scale usage of billion (1,000,000,000) and was never as commonly used in the UK as it still is in mainland Europe (where the long scale is still used); when the long scale was used in Britain, «a thousand million» was more commonplace.
minge: (vulgar) (rhymes with singe) female genitals or pubic hair^[106]
minger: (from the Scots ming «to smell strongly and unpleasantly»;^[107] rhymes with «singer») someone who is unattractive (i.e. minging, see below).
minging: (from the Scots ming «to smell strongly and unpleasantly»;^[107] rhymes with «singing») disgusting, dirty; unattractive.
minim: a musical note with the duration of two counts in a time signature of 4/4 (US: half note; see Note value)
mobile phone: (US: cell phone)^[108]^[109]
moggie, moggy: (informal) non-pedigree cat; alley cat; any cat regardless of pedigree; Morris Minor car; Morgan car
Mole grips: trade name for (US: Vise-Grips).
mong: (offensive) stupid person or one with learning difficulties; from Mongol in its sense as an obsolete term for someone with Down’s syndrome^[110]
monged (out): (slang) being incapable of constructive activity due to drug use, alcohol consumption or extreme tiredness
MOT, MOT test: (pronounced emm’oh’tee) mandatory annual safety and roadworthiness test for motor vehicles over 3 years old (from «Ministry of Transport», now renamed «Department for Transport»)
motorway: A controlled-access highway, the largest class of road on the British road network, designed for fast, high volume traffic. Abbreviated to M, as in M25 or M1. (US: equivalent to freeway)
mouthing off: shouting, ranting or swearing a lot about something or someone. e.g.: «that guy was just mouthing off about something» (US [DM]: backtalk; often shortened to mouth [«I don’t need your mouth».])
move house, move flat, etc.: to move out of one’s house or other residence into a new residence (US: move, move out)
multi-storey: used as a noun, to refer to a multi-level parking structure.
munter: an ugly woman (rarely, man); similar to minger
muppet: an incompetent or foolish person^[111]

N[edit]

naff: (slang) lame, tacky, cheap, low quality (origin uncertain – numerous suggestions include backslang for fan, an old term for a vagina), also gay slang for a straight man
naff all: nothing, fuck all
naff off: (dated slang) shove it, get lost, go away – a much less offensive alternative to «fuck off» (originally obscure Polari slang, made popular by prison sitcom Porridge and famously used by Princess Anne)
nail varnish: a varnish applied to nails to enhance strength and glossiness. (US: nail polish)
nancy boy: an effeminate man, a homosexual (dated)^[112]^[113]
nark *: 1. (v.) (informal) irritate; also narked, the adjective.; 2. (n.) (slang) police informer (US: narc, derived from narcotics agent, but often used in a general sense)
nappy: absorbent undergarment for babies (US: diaper)
National Insurance: compulsory payments made to the Government from earnings to pay for welfare benefits, the National Health Service (see below) and the state pension fund.
never-never: (slang) hire purchase (see above). Often used in the media as a derogatory term to describe credit or debt.
newsagent: strictly a shop owner or shop that sells newspapers, usu. refers to a small shop, e.g. corner shop, convenience store, newsstand, or similar (US: newsdealer)
newsreader: someone who reads the news on TV or radio. See news presenter for a description of the different roles of a newscaster, a British newsreader and an American news anchor.
nice one *: (slang) a way of thanking someone, or congratulating them.
nick: 1. (v.) to steal; 2. (n.) a police station or prison
nicked: arrested («you’re nicked») – related to «the nick», above (US: up the river, busted^[114])
nicker: (colloquial) 1 pound, maintains singular form when used in a plural context («it cost me 2 nicker»), rarely used in the singular
niff: an unpleasant smell
Nissen hut: hemicylindrical building of corrugated metal. Named for the designer. (US: Quonset hut, named for the place of US manufacture)
NHS: the National Health Service, the state run healthcare system within the United Kingdom
nob: 1. head; 2. a person of wealth or social standing
nobble: (v.) to sabotage, attempt to hinder in some way. E.g. «Danny nobbled my chances at the pub quiz by getting Gary to defect to his team.»
nonce: a slang term for a sex offender, especially one convicted of sexual offences against children.^[115] Said to originate from the term «Not on normal courtyard exercise»,^[116] although this is a likely backronym.
nosy (or nosey) parker *: a busybody (similar to US: butt-in, buttinski, nosy)
nous: Good sense; shrewdness:^[117] «Hillela had the nous to take up with the General when he was on the up-and-up again» (Nadine Gordimer). Rhymes with «mouse».
nought: the number zero, chiefly British spelling of naught^[118]^[119]
noughts and crosses: game played by marking Xs and Os in a 3×3 grid (US: tic-tac-toe)
nowt: nothing; not anything. «I’ve got nowt to do later.» Northern English. (see also ‘owt’ – anything; as in the phrase «you can’t get owt for nowt» or «you can’t get anything for nothing»)
number plate: vehicle registration plate (sometimes used in the US; also license plate or license tag)
numpty: (originally Scottish,^[120] now more widespread) a stupid person
nutter: (informal) a crazy or insane person, often violent; also used as a more light-hearted term of reproach («Oi nutter!») (occasionally used in the US) (US and UK also: nut, nutcase)

O[edit]

OAP: Old Age Pensioner (US senior citizen)
off-licence / offie: a store for alcoholic beverages which must be imbibed elsewhere (US liquor store)
off-the-peg: of clothes etc., ready-made rather than made to order (US: off-the-rack)
off you/we go *: a command to begin something or to start moving (US: «let’s go»)
offal *: the entrails and internal organs of a butchered animal.
oi: coarse exclamation to gain attention, roughly equivalent to «hey» («Oi, you!» = «Hey you!»)
oik, oick: an obnoxious or unpleasant person; can also mean someone who is working class, and often considered offensive in this context
the Old Bill: (slang) The police – specifically the Metropolitan Police in London, but use of the term has spread elsewhere in England
one-off *: something that happens only once; limited to one occasion (as an adjective, a shared synonym is one-shot; as a noun [«She is a one-off»; US: one of a kind])
on the back foot: outclassed; outmanoeuvred by a competitor or opponent ^[121]
on the piss: (vulgar) drinking heavily; going out for the purpose of drinking heavily; at a slight angle, said of an object that should be vertical
on the trot: (idiom, informal) adverbial referring to actions done directly after each other in sequence or, alternately, with no pause ^[122] (alternately synonymous with in a row or continuously in U.S.); also used adjectivally to mean always busy ^[123]
orientate *: less common^{[citation needed]} alternative to orient, deprecated by some as an unnecessary back-formation from orientation^{[citation needed]}
other ranks: members of the military who are not commissioned officers. (US: incorporates both enlisted ranks and non-coms in the US usage of these terms)
oughtn’t: A contraction of «ought not» (US «shouldn’t, ought not»)^[124]
overdraft *: money spent on a bank account that results in a debit (negative) balance; the amount of the debit balance, an «overdraft facility», is permission from a bank to draw to a certain debit balance. In US English, overdraft and overdraft limit are used, respectively.
overleaf *: on the other side of the page (US: reverse)
owt: anything. Northern English. «Why aren’t you saying owt?» See also ‘nowt’ – as in the phrase «can’t get owt for nowt» meaning «can’t get anything for nothing.»
oy: See «oi».

P[edit]

P45: a form issued upon severance of employment stating an employee’s tax code.^[125]^[126] (US: pink slip) The idiom «to get your P45» is often used in Britain as a metonym for being fired or RIF’d.^[127] The alternate phrases «to get your cards», or «get your books» are often used – dependent on region.
package holiday: a holiday in which transport, accommodation, itinerary etc. are organised by a travel company (US and UK less frequently: package tour). Cf holiday [DM]
Page Three: a feature found in some tabloid newspapers consisting of a large photograph of a topless female glamour model
Paki: a Pakistani person; often loosely applied to anyone from South Asia, or of perceived South Asian origin. Now considered extremely offensive.
Paki shop: a newsagent or general corner shop run by a person of Pakistani or other South Asian origin. No longer considered an acceptable term; edited out of repeat showings of an episode of Only Fools and Horses. Not to be confused with «packie», used in some areas of the US such as New England, short for «package store», meaning «liquor store».^[128]^{[unreliable source?]}^[129]^{[unreliable source?]} As with some other terms (cf. fanny pack), this is a case where innocent US use of a term may be unintentionally offensive in the UK.
panda car: (informal) police car. Small police car used for transport, as opposed to a patrol or area car (analogous to US: black-and-white) Derives from a period in the 1970s when UK police cars resembled those of their US counterparts, only with blue replacing black.
paper round: (the job of making) a regular series of newspaper deliveries (US: paper route)
paraffin: kerosene
paracetamol: a common and widely available drug for the treatment of headaches, fever and other minor aches and pains (US: acetaminophen, Tylenol)
parkie: (informal) park-keeper
parky: (informal) cold, usually used in reference to the weather
pasty, Cornish pasty: hard pastry case filled with meat and vegetables served as a main course, particularly in Cornwall and in the north of England
pear-shaped: usually in the phrase «to go pear-shaped», meaning to go drastically or dramatically wrong. cf tits-up
peckish *: moderately hungry (usage dated in US)
peeler: in Northern Ireland, colloquial word for «policeman». Similar to «bobby», q.v.
pelican crossing: pedestrian crossing with traffic lights operated by pedestrians (formed from Pedestrian Light-Controlled^[130]^[131])
people mover or people carrier: a minivan or other passenger van
pernickety: fastidious, precise or over-precise (US: persnickety)
Perspex *: Trade name for Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), a transparent thermoplastic sometimes called «acrylic glass» (US: Plexiglass, trade name of a form produced earlier in the U.S.)
perverting the course of justice: England and Wales only^[132] (similar concept in US: obstruction of justice)
petrol: refined mixture of hydrocarbons, used esp. to fuel motor vehicles (short for petroleum spirit, or from French essence de pétrole) (US: gasoline, gas). Also variously known as motor spirit (old-fashioned), motor gasoline, mogas, aviation gasoline and avgas (the last two being a slightly heavier type designed for light aircraft)
petrol-head, petrolhead: someone with a strong interest in cars (especially high performance cars) and motor racing (US: gearhead or motorhead).
phone box: payphone, public phone. See also «telephone kiosk» (infra) (US: phone booth)
photofit: a portrait created from photograph samples of facial features, relying on the accounts of witnesses of a criminal suspect, for the purpose of appealing to the public in the attempt to identify the suspect (trademark) ^[133] (no direct US equivalent but similar identikit and generic facial composite used in US and UK)
pikey: a pejorative slang term, used originally to refer to Irish Travellers. Now refers to anyone whose lifestyle is characterised by itinerancy, theft, illicit land occupancy with destruction of amenities, and disregard for authority, without reference to ethnic or national origin.
pillar box: box in the street for receiving outgoing mail, in Britain traditionally in the form of a free-standing red pillar; also called postbox or, less commonly, letter box (US: mailbox); See also Pillarbox: the effect created when an image is not wide enough for the full width of the display screen (i.e. the vertical equivalent of the horizontal letterbox).
pillar-box red: the traditional bright red colour of a British pillar box (US: fire engine red or candy apple red)
pillock: (slang, derogatory) foolish person, used esp. in northern England but also common elsewhere. Derived from the Northern English term pillicock, a dialect term for penis, although the connection is rarely made in general use.
pinch *: to steal.
pisshead: (vulgar) someone who regularly gets heavily drunk (cf. BrE meaning of pissed).
pissing it down [with rain]: (slang, mildly vulgar) raining hard (sometimes «pissing down» is used in the US, as in «It’s pissing down out there.») Also «pissing it down the drain» or «pissing it away» * meaning to waste something.
pitch: playing field^[134]
plain flour: Flour that does not contain a raising agent. (US: All-purpose flour) ^[135]^[136]
plait *: braid, as in hair
plaster: Band-Aid
plasterboard: Drywall
pleb *: (derogatory) person of lower class, from plebeian; similar to townie. Also commonly used to mean idiot.
plectrum: (US and UK: guitar pick)
plimsoll: a type of shoe with a canvas upper and rubber sole, formerly the typical gym shoe used in schools. Now superseded by «trainer». (US: sneaker or Tennis shoe)
plod: policeman (mildly derogatory) – from PC Plod in Enid Blyton’s Noddy books.^[76]
plonk: a disparaging term for cheap wine, especially cheap red wine, is now widely known in the UK and also to a lesser extent in the USA. Derives from French vin blanc and came into English use on the western front in World War I.
plonker *: (very mildly derogatory) fool. Used esp. in the south-east of England, although not unknown elsewhere (probably popularised in the rest of the UK by Only Fools and Horses). Derived from a slang term for penis, and sometimes used in this fashion, e.g. «Are you pulling my plonker?» (to express disbelief) (US var: «Are you yanking my chain?»)
points: (n.) mechanical crossover on a railway, (US: switch), hence the term «points failure» is a very common cause of delays on railways, such as the London Underground.
polling day: (n.) synonym of election day
ponce: (n.) (slang) someone with overly affected airs and graces; an effeminate posturing man; a pimp. Originates from Maltese slang. (related US: poncey); (v.) (slang) to act like a pimp; to cadge, to borrow with little or no intention of returning, often openly so («Can I ponce a ciggie off you, mate?»)
ponce about/around: (v.) (slang) to act like a fop, to wander about aimlessly without achieving anything
ponce off: (v.) (slang) to mooch, to hit up, to leave in a pompous manner
pong: (n.) (slang) a strong unpleasant smell; (v.) to give off a strong unpleasant smell; (adj.) pongy
poof, poofter: (derogatory) a male homosexual (US equivalent: fag, faggot)
pouffe, poof, poove: A small drum-shaped soft furnishing used as a foot rest (related US: hassock, Ottoman)
porky, porkies: slang for a lie or lying, from rhyming slang «pork pies» = «lies»
postage and packing, P&P: charge for said services (US: shipping and handling, S&H; the word postage is, however, used in both dialects)
postal order: a money order designed to be sent through the post, issued by the UK Post Office (US: money order, or postal money order if the context is ambiguous)
postbox, post box: box in the street for receiving outgoing mail (US: mailbox; drop box); see also letter box, pillar box
postcode: alphanumeric code used to identify an address, part of a UK-wide scheme. (US equivalent: ZIP Code)
poste restante: service whereby mail is retained at a post office for collection by the recipient (from French) (US: general delivery)
postie: (informal) postman (of either gender)
pound shop: (US: dollar store)
power point: electrical outlet
poxy: (slang) something that is unsatisfactory or in generally bad condition.
prang: (slang) to crash a motor vehicle with generally minor damage (US: fender bender)
pram, perambulator: wheeled conveyance for babies (US: baby-carriage)
prat *: (slang) an incompetent or ineffectual person, a fool, an idiot
press-up: a conditioning exercise in which one lies prone and then pushes oneself up by the arms (outside Britain: push-up)
pritt-stick: glue stick, from the trademark of a common brand.
proper *: Real or very much something. «He’s a proper hero» (US: «He’s a real hero»)
provisional licence, provisional driving licence: a licence for a learner driver, who has not yet passed a driving test (US: learner’s permit)
prozzie, (occasionally prozzer): a prostitute (US: hooker)
pub: short for public house (US: bar)
publican: the landlord of a public house.
pud: (informal) short for «pudding», which may mean dessert or occasionally a savoury item such as Yorkshire pudding or black pudding; a fool (informal term usually used good-naturedly between family members). pulling his pud, means male masturbation by a «pudknocker».
pukka: legitimate, the real thing, of good quality (usually Southeastern England term,^{[citation needed]} recently more widely popularised by Jamie Oliver, but dating back to the 19th century). From Hindi-Urdu .
punch-up: a fistfight
puncture: (n.) A flat tire on a vehicle, as in «I had a puncture on my bicycle».
punnet: small basket for fruit, usually strawberries
punter: customer or user of services. Often refers to a naive speculator, bettor, or gambler, or a customer of a prostitute or confidence trickster.
pushbike: (informal) bicycle (predates the modern safety bicycle q.v. velocipede) (often used in contrast to a motor bike)
pushchair: forward-facing baby carriage (US: stroller)

Q[edit]

quango: quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisation. A semi-public (supposedly non-governmental) advisory or administrative body funded by the taxpayer, often having most of its members appointed by the government, and carrying out government policy.
quaver: a musical note with the duration of one half-count in a time signature of 4/4 (US: eighth note). Also compound nouns semiquaver (US: sixteenth note), demisemiquaver (US: thirty-second note), hemidemisemiquaver (US: sixty-fourth note); see note value. Also a variety of snack food potato crisp/chip.
queue: A sequence or line of people (maybe in vehicles or whatever) awaiting their turn for a service or activity (similar to US line).
quid: (informal) the pound sterling monetary unit; remains quid in plural form («Can I borrow ten quid?») (similar to US buck, meaning dollar)
quids in: (informal) a financially positive end to a transaction or venture «After all that, we’ll be quids in!» (US: money ahead)
quieten: used in the phrase «quieten down» (US: quiet down)

R[edit]

randy: (informal) having sexual desire, (now more common in the US because of the Austin Powers franchise) (US: horny)
ranker: an enlisted soldier or airman or (more rarely) a commissioned officer who has been promoted from enlisted status («the ranks» *)
rashers *: cuts of bacon
rat-arsed: (slang) extremely drunk (similar to US shit-faced)
recce: (informal) reconnoître, reconnaissance (pronounced recky) (US: recon)
recorded delivery: certified mail (No longer in official use: replaced by «signed for on delivery».)
Red top: sensational tabloid newspaper^[137]
reel of cotton: in the US is spool of thread
Register Office, Registry Office: government office where births, marriages, civil partnerships, and deaths are recorded; usually refers to local Register Office (in each town or locality). General Register Office is the relevant government department. In England and Wales until 2001, almost all civil (non-church) marriages took place in the local Register Office; different laws apply in Scotland and Northern Ireland. «Register Office» is the correct legal term, but «registry office» is in common informal use. (US: Office of Vital Statistics)
Release on Licence: a term for parole in England and Wales^[138]
retail park: an out-of-town shopping complex populated mainly by large format stores, one of which is typically a supermarket. (US: strip mall, or the specialised business jargon power center, are roughly equivalent)
return: A ticket that is valid for travel to a destination and back. A round-trip ticket.
roadworks: upgrade or repairs of roads (US: construction; roadwork [singular])
rocket: (eruca sativa) leafy, green vegetable used in salads and sandwiches, (US: arugula)
rock: (usually «a stick of rock») hard candy in cylindrical form, often sold at holiday locations and made so that the location’s name appears on the end even when broken. (US: no exact equivalent, but similar to a candy cane)
rodgering or rogering: (vulgar) to engage in a sexual act, or suggest it. e.g.: «I’d give her a good rodgering!»
ropey: (informal) chancy; of poor quality; uncertain (see dodgy). Can also mean unwell when used in the form to feel ropey
row *: a heated noisy argument (rhymes with cow)
reverse charge call: a telephone call for which the recipient pays (US and UK also: collect call); also v. to reverse charge, to reverse the charges*, etc. to make such a call (dated in US, used in the 1934 American film It Happened One Night – US usually: to call collect)
rota: a roll call or roster of names, or round or rotation of duties
(the) rozzers: (rare slang) Police («Quick, the rozzers! Scarper!») – possibly from Robert Peel, who also gave his name to two other slang terms for the police: peelers (archaic) and bobbies (becoming old-fashioned).
rubbish *: worthless, unwanted material that is rejected or thrown out; debris; litter; metaphorically: bad human output, such as a weak argument or a poorly written novel (US: trash, garbage)
rucksack *: a backpack.
rug muncher *: lesbian.
rumpy pumpy: sexual intercourse, used jokingly. (Popularised in England by its usage in The Black Adder and subsequent series; the suggestion of actor Alex Norton of a Scots term.)^[139]^[140]

S[edit]

sandwich cake or sandwich: (US: layer cake)^[141]^[142]
sarky: (informal) sarcastic (abbrev.) «Why are you being so sarky?» (US: snarky)
sarnie, sarny, sannie: (informal) sandwich (abbrev.)
sat nav: GPS, from satellite navigation
scouser: a person from Liverpool, or the adjective scouse to describe anything or anyone from either Liverpool or Merseyside.
scrubber: a lower class, (usually young) woman of low morals
scrumpy: cloudy cider, often high in alcoholic content. Stereotypically associated with South West England.
scrumping: action of stealing apples from an orchard; also v. to scrump
self-raising flour: self-rising flour
secateurs: gardening tool for pruning plants (US:garden shears, pruners or clippers)
secondment: (/sɪˈkɒndmənt/) the temporary assignment of a person from his or her regular place of work to work elsewhere. From v. second (/sɪˈkɒnd/)
selling-out shop: A North English form of off-licence (US liquor store)
Sellotape: transparent adhesive tape (trademark) (US Scotch tape)
semibreve: a musical note with the duration of four counts in a time signature of 4/4 (US: whole note; see Note value)
send to Coventry: ostracize, shun (US: send to Siberia, vote off the island)
service station: A motorway service area, a location adjacent to motorways and major roads supplying fuel, food, and sometimes accommodation (US: rest stop)
serviette: (from French) table napkin [DM]. Regarded as a non-U word, but widely used by non-U people. Frequently encountered in Canada.
shafted: broken beyond repair – can also be used to describe extreme exhaustion. Also cheated, ripped off: he got shafted
shag: To have sexual intercourse
shambolic: chaotic, disorganized^[143]^[144]
shandy *: a drink consisting of lager or beer mixed with a soft drink, originally ginger beer but now more usually lemonade, in near-equal parts.
shanks’s pony: on foot, walking – as in «The car’s broken down, so it’s shanks’s pony I’m afraid».
shan’t: A contraction of shall not, considered archaic in American English (US and UK also: «won’t»).^[145] Rarely used in Scotland.
shirtlifter: homosexual.
shite: (vulgar) variant of shit^[146]
shopping trolley: A cart supplied by a business for use by customers for transport of merchandise to the checkout counter during shopping. (US: shopping cart)
sixes and sevens: crazy, muddled (usually in the phrase «at sixes and sevens»). From the London livery company order of precedence, in which position 6 is claimed by both the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors and the Worshipful Company of Skinners.
sket: (slang) a promiscuous woman;^[147] US: slut, skank
skew-whiff: skewed, uneven, not straight
skint: (informal) out of money (US: broke)
skip: industrial rubbish bin (US: dumpster)
skirting board: a wooden board covering the lowest part of an interior wall (US: baseboard)^[148]
skive [off]: (informal) to sneak off, avoid work; to play truant (US: play hookey)
slag *: (slang) a promiscuous woman;^[147] US: slut, skank
slag off *: to badmouth; speak badly of someone, usually behind their back
slaphead: (informal) bald man
slapper: a promiscuous woman^[149]
sleeping partner: a partner in business, often an investor, who is not visibly involved in running the enterprise (US: silent partner)
sleeping policeman: mound built into a road to slow down vehicles (UK also: hump [DM]; US & UK also: speed bump)
slip road: (US: entrance ramp/onramp or exit ramp/offramp)
slippy: (slang) smooth, wet, with no friction or traction to grip something (US: slippery)
slowcoach: (slang) a slow person (US: slowpoke)
smalls: underclothing, underwear, particularly underpants
smart dress: formal attire
snigger *: silly or unkind laughter at someone or something (usually snicker in U.S.) ^[150]
smeghead: (slang) idiot; a general term of abuse, from Red Dwarf.
snog: (slang) a ‘French kiss’ or to kiss with tongues (US [DM]: deep kiss, not necessarily with tongues)
soap dodger: one who is thought to lack personal hygiene
sod off: (vulgar, moderately offensive) go away; get lost
solicitor: lawyer, legal representative (US: attorney)
spacker, spacky, spazmo: (vulgar, offensive to many) idiot, general term of abuse: from «Spastic», referring in England almost exclusively (when not used as an insult) to a person suffering from cerebral palsy. (variant forms spaz/spastic, are used in American English) See also Joey.
spanner: (US: wrench); (slang) an idiot, a contemptible person (US: a less pejorative synonym for tool.) «He’s as stupid as a bag of spanners.» (US var.: «He’s dumber than a bag of hammers».)
spawny: lucky
spend a penny: (informal, old-fashioned) urinate^[151]
spiffing: (informal) very good (old-fashioned, or consciously used as old-fashioned, associated stereotypically with upper-class people) (US: spiffy)
spiv: a dealer in black market goods (during World War II). The term wide boy is also often used in the same sense
spliff *: (slang) a hand-rolled cigarette containing a mixture of marijuana and tobacco, also joint. (Also used in US; joint, j, or blunt more widely used.)
spotted dick: an English steamed suet pudding containing dried fruit (usually currants), commonly served with custard.
squaddie: (informal) a non-commissioned soldier (US: grunt)
square go: unarmed brawl^[152]
squadron leader: an Air Force officer rank (US: major)
squidgy: (informal) soft and soggy (US: squishy)
squiffy: (informal) intoxicated (popularly but probably erroneously said to be from British Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, a noted imbiber). The word can also be synonymous with skew-whiff.
squiz: (rare) look, most often used in the form to have a squiz at…
stamp: (slang) National Insurance payments (e.g.: I have not paid enough stamps to get my full state pension)
star jump: a form of exercise (US: jumping jack)
sticky-backed plastic: large sheet of thin, soft, coloured plastic that is sticky on one side; generic term popularised by craft segments on the children’s TV show Blue Peter (US similar: contact paper)
sticky wicket: (usually «batting on a sticky wicket») facing a difficult situation. From cricket: a sticky wicket is one that has a damp surface on top of a dry base, typically after rain.^[153] It causes the ball to bounce unpredictably and possibly dangerously for the batsman
stockist: a seller (as a retailer) that stocks merchandise of a particular type, usually a specified brand or model (US: dealer)
stone the crows: exclamation of surprise (US holy cow, holy mother of pearl)
straight away: immediately (sometimes used in the US; also right away)
strong flour: flour made from wheat varieties which are high in gluten. Used for making bread. (US: bread flour)^[154]^{[failed verification]}
stroke: to move one’s hand slowly and gently over something e.g. stroke a dog. (US: pet)
strop: (informal) bad mood or temper
stroppy, to have a strop on: (informal) recalcitrant, in a bad mood or temper
sun cream: sunscreen^[155]
suck it and see: to undertake a course of action without knowing its full consequences (US: «take your chances»)
supply teacher: a school employee who teaches students when their usual instructor is absent. (US: substitute teacher)
suss [out] *: (informal) to figure out (from suspicion)
suspender belt: a ladies’ undergarment to hold up stockings (US: garter belt)
swot: 1. v. to study for an exam (US cram); 2. n. (derogatory) aloof and unpopular schoolchild or student who studies to excess (US: nerd)
sweets: the same term for candy in US
sweet FA: (slang) nothing (from «Sweet Fanny Adams», alternative: «Sweet Fuck All»), «I know sweet FA about cars!» (US: jack shit)
swimming costume: swimsuit or bathing suit; also cozzy for short.

T[edit]

ta: (informal) «thank you»
Taff, Taffy: moderately offensive nickname for a Welshman
tailback: A long line of stationary or slow-moving traffic extending back from a busy junction or similar obstruction on the road.^[156]^[157] (US: back up)
takeaway: food outlet where one can order food to go (or be delivered) (not usually applied to fast food chains). Usage: «we had a takeaway for dinner», «we went to the local takeaway». [DM]; (US: takeout)
take the piss (vulgar) / take the mickey: (slang) to make fun of somebody or something; to act in a non-serious manner about something important. Can also mean to transgress beyond what are perceived as acceptable bounds, or to treat with perceived contempt
takings *: receipts of money at a shop etc.
Tannoy: loudspeaker (a proprietary brand name), public address system
tapping up: in professional team sport, attempting to persuade a player contracted to one team to transfer to another team without the knowledge or permission of the player’s current team (US: «tampering»)
ta-ra!: (informal, friendly) exclamation of farewell (similar to ‘seeya!’ and ‘cheerio!’ (above)). Originally from Merseyside (see Scouser, above)
telephone kiosk: payphone, public phone. See also «phone box» (supra) (US: phone booth)
tea towel: a cloth which is used to dry dishes, cutlery, etc., after they have been washed. (US: dish towel)
telerecording: a recording of a live television broadcast made directly from a cathode ray tube onto motion picture film. The equivalent US term is kinescope.
telly: (informal) television
tenner: ten pound note
Territorial: a member of the Territorial Army (in 2014 renamed the Army Reserve)(US rough equivalent is the Army Reserve and National Guard)
tetchy *: irascible
thick; thickie: stupid; person of low intelligence.
throw a wobbly: (informal) to lose one’s temper, throw a tantrum
thruppennies: (rhyming slang) breasts/tits (from thrupenny bits, obsolete British coin)
tinned: canned as in «tinned soup» or «a tin of tuna»
tip: a dump or to throw something away
Tipp-Ex: white tape or liquid used to make corrections of ink on paper (US: Wite-Out)
tipping [it] down: raining hard^[158]^[159]
titbit: a bit of compelling information, or a morsel of tasty food (tidbit in U.S.)^[160]
titchy: very small; tiny (from tich or titch a small person, from Little Tich, the stage name of Harry Relph (1867–1928), English actor noted for his small stature)
titfer: (rhyming slang) hat (from tit-for-tat)
[go] tits up: (mildly vulgar) to suddenly go wrong (literally, to fall over. US: go belly up). cf pear-shaped (appears in the US mainly as military jargon, sometimes sanitized to «tango uniform»)
toad-in-the-hole: batter-baked sausages, sausages baked in Yorkshire Pudding
toff: (slang) member of the upper classes
toffee apple: a sugar-glazed apple on a stick eaten esp. on Guy Fawkes Night and Hallowe’en (US: caramel apple or candy apple)
toffee-nosed: antisocial in a pretentious way, stuck up
Tommy Atkins, Tommy: common term for a British soldier, particularly associated with World War I
tonk: (informal) to hit hard, sometimes used in cricket to describe a substantial boundary shot: «he tonked it for six». In Southern England can also mean muscular. (US: ripped or buff).
tosser *: (slang) Largely equivalent to «wanker» but less offensive; has the same literal meaning, i.e. one who masturbates («tosses off»). (US: jerk).
tosspot: (colloquial, archaic) a drunkard; also used in the sense of «tosser».
totty: (informal, offensive to some) sexually alluring woman or women (more recently, also applied to males). Originally a term for a prostitute in the late 19th century.
tout: usually in the context «ticket tout»; to re-sell tickets, usually to a live event. Verb: to tout, touting. Ticket touts can usually be seen outside a venue prior to the beginning of the event, selling tickets (which may well be fake) cash-in-hand. Known as scalping in the US.
tower block: high rise public housing building. In recent years the US term apartment building has become fashionable to create the distinction between stigmatised public housing projects, and towers built to contain desirable private accommodation. Equally the US word condominium could also be applied to a tower block.
Trading Standards: local government departments responsible for enforcing laws regulating the conduct of businesses.
trainers: training shoes, athletic shoes. (US: sneakers).
transit, transit van: generic name for a full size panel van, based on the Ford vehicle of the same name, which in Britain dominates the market for such vehicles.
transport cafe (sometimes «caff»): roadside diner on a highway used primarily by lorry (truck) drivers^[161]^[162] (US: truckstop)^[163]
treacle: refined black sugar syrup (US: molasses)
truncheon *: a police officer’s weapon (US: nightstick or billy)
tuppence: two pence, also infantile euphemism for vagina. cf twopenn’orth
tuppenny-ha’penny: cheap, substandard
turf accountant: bookmaker for horse races (US and UK: bookie)
turn-indicator: direction-indicator light on a vehicle (US: turn signal)
turning: A place where one can turn off a road. Not generally used where the turn would take one onto a more major road or for a crossroads. (US: turn). «drive past the post office and you’ll see a small turning to the right, which leads directly to our farm»
turn-ups: an arrangement at the bottom of trouser-legs whereby a deep hem is made, and the material is doubled-back to provide a trough around the external portion of the bottom of the leg. (US: cuffs)
twee *: excessively cute, quaint, or «precious»^[164] (Similar to US cutesy)
twopenn’orth, tuppenn’orth, tup’en’oth: one’s opinion (tuppenn’orth is literally «two pennies worth» or «two pence worth», depending on usage); (US equivalent: two cents’ worth, two cents). cf tuppence

U[edit]

Ulster Scots: Inhabitants of Ulster, mostly in modern-day Northern Ireland, whose ancestors were Scottish people who settled there, or residents of Northern Ireland who descend from those settlers^[165] (US: Scotch-Irish or Scots-Irish)
uni: short for university, used much like US college
up himself/herself: (informal) someone who is stand-offish, stuck-up, snobby. «He’s a bit up himself.» Euphemistic variation of up his own arse. (US: snotty, full of himself/herself)
up sticks: (US: pull up stakes)
up the duff: (informal) pregnant; Australian in origin^[166]

V[edit]

veg: shortened form of vegetable or vegetables.^[167]^[168] (US: veggie, veggies)
verger (virger, in some churches): someone who carries the verge or other emblem of authority before a scholastic, legal, or religious dignitary in a procession; someone who takes care of the interior of a church and acts as an attendant during ceremonies.
verruca: a wart on one’s foot. (US: plantar wart)

W[edit]

WAG: «wives and girlfriends», typically in reference to the significant others of footballers (US soccer players).
wage packet: weekly employee payment, usually cash though now less commonly given as such (US paycheck)
wally: (informal) a mild form of idiot or fool (US dummy)
wanker: (offensive) a masturbator, used generally as a term of abuse in the fashion of the US jagoff or jerk.
WC: a «water closet», a loo, a public or private toilet without a bath (US bathroom or restroom)
washing-up liquid: liquid detergent used for washing dishes (US dishwashing detergent or liquid, dish soap)
wazzock: an idiot, popularised (at least in Southern England) by the 1981 song «Capstick Comes Home» by Tony Capstick, originated and historically more common in Northern England
well: extremely, very. «He’s well rich» (US «He’s way rich»)
Wellingtons, wellies: Wellington boots, waterproof rubber boots named after the Duke of Wellington.
welly: (informal) effort (e.g.: «Give it some welly» to mean «put a bit of effort into an attempt to do something» US: elbow grease (also UK), oomph); also the singular of «wellies», for Wellington boots (US: gumboots, rubber boots)
What ho!: (interj.) Hello! (warmly) Now considered old-fashioned and (like «spiffing», above) stereotypically associated with the upper class (and in particular the works of P.G. Wodehouse).
wheel brace: tool used to remove the nuts/bolts of the wheel of an automobile (US: Lug wrench)
whilst: A more restricted form of «while» which cannot be used as a noun, verb, or preposition. In the US, «whilst» is old-fashioned and pretentious to the point where it is now only appropriate for creating a dated effect, as in historical fiction.^[15]
whinge: (informal) complain, whine, especially repeated complaining about minor things (e.g. «Stop whingeing» meaning «stop complaining»); cognate with whine, originated in Scottish and Northern English in the 12th century. Hence whinger (derogatory), someone who complains a lot.^[169]
whip-round: an impromptu collection of money.^[170] (Uk and US: pass the hat round)^[171]
white coffee: coffee with milk or cream.
white pudding: oat and fat sausage often eaten at breakfast, common in Ireland and Scotland
wide boy: see spiv, above
windbreaker: a series of small connected screens designed to break the wind at the beach, staked into the sand by wooden poles usually with the aid of a rubber mallet
windscreen: (US: windshield)
wing commander: an Air Force officer rank (US: lieutenant-colonel)
wing mirrors: the external mirrors on a vehicle – though no longer normally attached to the ‘wings’ (US: fenders) but to the doors (US: sideview mirrors, side mirrors)
winkle: (slang) childish term for a penis (US: winkie)
witter: (informal) to continue to talk trivially about a subject long after the audience’s interest has gone (assuming there was any interest in the first place). «He wittered on.»
wobbler, wobbly: (informal) tantrum
write-off *: when cost of repair of a damaged asset (usually a car) is not feasible or exceeds its insurance value^[172] (US:total loss, totalled; hull loss [for aircraft]) Is also used formally in the context of accounting, including in the US, to mean a permissible deduction applied to offset certain kinds of costs («a tax write-off»).^[172]
wog: (offensive, term of abuse) member of an ethnic minority, especially a brown one. The word can refer to a wide variety of non-Europeans, including Arabs, sub-Saharans Africans (and those of sub-Saharan descent), Iranians, Indians and Pakistanis, and Turks.

Y[edit]

Y-fronts: men’s briefs with an inverted-Y-shaped frontal flap; originally a trademark (US: briefs or jockey shorts / jockeys; US slang: tighty-whiteys)
yob, yobbo: lout, young troublemaker (origin: boy spelt backwards)^[76]
yomp: to move on foot across rough terrain carrying heavy amounts of equipment and supplies without mechanised support (Royal Marines slang popularised by the Falklands War of 1982, army equivalent is to tab). Also used informally for any walk across rough ground.
yonks: a long time, ages. «I’ve not seen her for yonks.» (colloquial)

Z[edit]

zebra crossing: a strip across a road, with wide black and white stripes, where vehicles must stop when pedestrians want to cross (similar to US crosswalk)
zed: last letter of the alphabet, pronounced «zee» in the U.S.^[173]
Zimmer, Zimmer frame: a trade name for a walking frame, from the American firm Zimmer Holdings.^[174] (US, colloquially: walker)

References[edit]

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Bibliography[edit]

Hargraves, Orin (2002). Mighty Fine Words and Smashing Expressions: Making Sense of Transatlantic English. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515704-4.
Peters, Pam (2004). The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-62181-X.

External links[edit]

BBC.co.uk, A large project being undertaken by the BBC to document and chart the different word-usage and accents in the British Isles.
British and American terms, Oxford Dictionaries
Effingpot.com An American’s guide to speaking British, written by a Brit living in Texas.
Translating American to British A guide to British slang.
American-British/British-American Dictionaries An American to British dictionary and a British to American Dictionary.
The Septic’s Companion: A British Slang Dictionary An online dictionary of British slang, viewable alphabetically or by category.

Источник

Unit 12: International relations

Section A: Quiz

Choose the correct answer.

1. Which section of Britain’s armed forces is sometimes known as ‘the senior service’?

A. The army

B. The Royal Air Force

C. The Royal Navy

2. Which of these towns is a base of the Royal Navy?

A. Brighton

B. Dover

C. Portsmouth

3. Why do the main political parties in Britain rarely offer any firm opinions about the matter of

Britain’s position in the EU during election campaigns?

A. They are divided about it

B. They have no opinions about it

C. nobody would be interested

4. The Union Jack does not include a symbol for Wales. Which group wants to keep it this way?

A. English nationalists

B. Scottish nationalists

C. Welsh nationalists

5. Why do so few white British people learn another language?

A. They are not allowed to

B. they don’t need to

C. they refuse to

6. Which war is connected with the largest public demonstration in British history?

A. The Cold War

B. the Falklands War

C. the Iraq war

7. What is the CND?

A. An anti-nuclear group

B. A terrorist group

C. A Welsh nationalist party

Section B: summary

Put the following clauses into the correct order to complete a paragraph summarizing British

attitudes to food.

The British attitude to ‘Europe’ is ambivalent.

1. There is no enthusiasm for it.

2. As a result, they experience EU directives as interference by a ‘foreign’ organization.

3. The first reason for this lack of enthusiasm is

4. So that they like to have as few of them as possible.

5. While membership of the EU is seen as a necessity,

6. That British people just don’t feel part of ‘Europe’.

7. Unlike in some other countries, they take these seriously,

8. The second reason is that they are not fond of directives and regulations generally.

Источник

Christmans is the occasion in modern Britain on which a lot of tradition are preserved by most ordinary people. In Britain it is celebrated on 25 December.Today it is connected with »making money by shops» that is now of tradition:most people follow the tradition of buying gifts for their family members.People also buy a Christmans tree.This tradition came from Germany. It was introced in the nineteenth century.Every Christmas,London gets a gift from the people of Norway-a Christmas tree that is 23 metres high.It stands in the centre of London,in Trafalgar Square and it is decorated with 500 white lights. Christmans is a time that unites families. At night people get together to mark Christmas. Celebrating Christmas includes a Christmas dinner and listening to the Queeh’s Christmas speech when the Queen speaks directly to »her» people on TV and on the radio. There are many royal traditions in Britain. The Queen’s telegram is not a very old custom but it is very old people. Every British person gets a telegram from the Queen on their ohe-hundredth anniversary . The Changing of the guard is very beautiful tradition.Every morning tourists go to watch the ceremohy at Buckingham Palace. At 11.30 the guard that stands in front of the palace change.

Подробнее — на Znanija.com — https://znanija.com/task/913565#readmore

Источник

14. Keys to the Exercises

0–9[edit]

A[edit]

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F[edit]

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N[edit]

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P[edit]

Q[edit]

R[edit]

S[edit]

T[edit]

U[edit]

V[edit]

W[edit]

Y[edit]

Z[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]