Find the word given the meaning

Find out the meaning of these words. Use the dictionary if necessary. Say the words with the opposite meaning.

unfriendly − friendly

unwell − _

untidy − _

informal − _

unlucky − _

unpleasant − _

impolite − _

unknown − _

independent − _

unlike − _

to unzip − to _

to undo − to _

mundane,
maneuvering, attempt, implication, capability, envisioned,
multaneously, disruption

III. Choose the correct translation of the underlined words:

1.
Richard
Feynman was a renowned
physicist.

a)популярный с)известный

b)прославленный d)знаменитый

2. Drexler
spent ten years describing and analyzing the incredible
devices.

a)маловероятный с)немыслимый

b)неправдоподобный d)потрясающий

3.
Mundane
technology builds simple structures on a molecular scale.

a)земной c)светский

b)обычный d)космический

4. The
meaning of the word nanotechnology shifted to encompass
the simpler kinds of nanometer-scale technology.

a)окружать c)выполнять

b)включать d)осуществлять

5.
Molecular machinery will result in a manufacturing revolution,
probably causing severe disruption.

a)распад c)расстройство

b)подрыв d)разрушение

6. Molecular
machinery has military implications.

a)вовлечение c)включение

b)вывод d)применение

7. The
definition
includes anything smaller than 100 nanometers with novel properties.

a)определение c)четкость

b)отчетливость d)ясность

8. The
theoretical capability
was envisioned in 1959 by Richard Feynman.

a)способность с)возможность

b)одаренность d)мощность

IV. Do you know the meaning of the given words? If not, find the explanation of these notions

nanometer,
mundane technology, mechanochemistry

Are
you familiar with the names of K. Eric Drexler and Richard Feynman?

How can
this information help you to understand the text?

V. Fill in the gaps using the given words.

A)
Advanced,
accepted, using, projected, created, building, describing, being

A basic
definition: Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems
at the molecular scale. This covers both current work and concepts
that are more (____).

In its
original sense, ‘nanotechnology’ refers to the (____) ability to
construct items from the bottom up, (____) techniques and tools
(____) developed today to make complete, high performance products.

When K.
Eric Drexler popularized the word ‘nanotechnology’ in the 1980’s, he
was talking about (____) machines on the scale of molecules, a few
nanometers wide—motors, robot arms, and even whole computers, far
smaller than a cell. Drexler spent the next ten years (____) and
analyzing these incredible devices, and responding to accusations of
science fiction. Meanwhile, mundane technology was developing the
ability to build simple structures on a molecular scale. As
nanotechnology became an (____) concept, the meaning of the word
shifted to encompass the simpler kinds of nanometer-scale technology.
The U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative was (____) to fund this
kind of nanotech: their definition includes anything smaller than 100
nanometers with novel properties.

B)
Maneuvering,
being, using, advanced, referred, guided, formulating, based,
envisioned, causing

Much of the
work (_____) done today that carries the name ‘nanotechnology’ is not
nanotechnology in the original meaning of the word. Nanotechnology,
in its traditional sense, means building things from the bottom up,
with atomic precision. This theoretical capability was envisioned as
early as 1959 by the renowned physicist Richard Feynman.

“I want
to build a billion tiny factories, models of each other, which are
manufacturing simultaneously. . . The principles of physics, as far
as I can see, do not speak against the possibility of (______) things
atom by atom. It is not an attempt to violate any laws; it is
something, in principle, that can be done; but in practice, it has
not been done because we are too big.”— Richard Feynman, Nobel
Prize winner in physics.

Based on
Feynman’s vision of miniature factories (______) nanomachines to
build complex products, (____) nanotechnology — sometimes (_____) to
as molecular manufacturing — will make use of positionally-controlled
mechanochemistry (____) by molecular machine systems. (____) a
roadmap for development of this kind of nanotechnology is now an
objective of a broadly (____) technology roadmap project led by
Battelle (the manager of several U.S. National Laboratories) and the
Foresight Nanotech Institute.

Shortly
after this (_____) molecular machinery is created, it will result in
a manufacturing revolution, probably (_______) severe disruption. It
also has serious economic, social, environmental, and military
implications.

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