Find the following words and word combinations in the text свойства металлов ответ

Unit
1

Metals

I. Text
Л:
«Metals»
Text B: «Steel»

Text
C: «Methods of steel heat treatment»

II. Famous
Scientists. Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev.

Text
A: «METALS»

Metals
are materials most widely used in industry be­cause of their
properties. The study of the production and properties of metals is
known as metallurgy.

The
separation between the atoms in metals is small, so most metals are
dense. The atoms are arranged regu­larly and can slide over each
other. That is why metals are malleable (can be deformed and bent
without frac­ture) and ductile (can be drawn into wire). Metals
vary greatly in their properties. For example, lead is soft and can
be bent by hand, while iron can only be worked by hammering at red
heat.

The
regular arrangement of atoms in metals gives them a crystalline
structure. Irregular crystals are called grains. The properties of
the metals depend on the size, shape, orientation, and composition of
these grains. In general, a metal with small grains will be harder
and stronger than one with coarse grains.

Heat
treatment such as quenching, tempering, or annealing controls the
nature of the grains and their size in the metal. Small amounts of
other metals (less than 1
per cent) are often added to a pure metal. This is called alloying
(легирование)
and it changes the grain struc­ture and properties of metals.

All
metals can be formed by drawing, rolling, ham­mering and
extrusion, but some require hot-working. Metals are subject to metal
fatigue and to creep (the slow increase in length under stress)
causing deformation and. failure. Both effects are taken into account
by engineers when designing, for example, airplanes, gas-turbines,
and pressure vessels for high-temperature chemical proc­esses.
Metals can be worked using machine-tools such as lathe, milling
machine, shaper and grinder.

The
ways of working a metal depend on its properties. Many metals can be
melted and cast in moulds, but spe­cial conditions are required
for metals that react with air.

Vocabulary:

property
[‘propsti] — свойство

metallurgy
[me’tael9d3i] — металлургия

separation
[s&pa’reijbn] — разделение,
отстояние

dense
[dens] — плотный

arrangement
[3’remd3m9nt] — расположение

regularly
[‘regjulsli] — регулярно,
правильно

to
slide
[slaid]
— скользить

malleable
[‘mashabl]
— ковкий, податливый, способ­ный
деформироваться

bent
[bent] pp
of
bend
— гнуть

to
fracture [‘frsektjV]
—
ломать

ductile
[dAk’tail] — эластичный,
ковкий

to
draw [dro:] — волочить,
тянуть

wire
[‘waia’] — проволока

lead
[led] — свинец

iron
[‘аюп]
— железо,
чугун

grain
[grem] — зерно

to
depend [di’pcnd] — зависеть

size
[saiz]
•— размер, величина

shape
[Jeip]
— форма, формировать

composition
[kompg’zijan]
— состав

coarse
[ko:s]
— грубый, крупный

treatment
[‘triitmsnt] — обработка

quenching
[kwentjn]] — закалка

tempering
[‘tempsrirj]
— отпуск после закалки, нор­мализация

annealing
[a’nidirj]
— отжиг, отпуск

rolling
[‘rsauhrj]
— прокатка

to
hammer
[‘пэетэ’] — ковать (напр. молотом)

extrusion
[‘ekstr’u^—.3n]
— экструзия

metal
fatigue
[fa’ti:g]
— усталость металла

creep
[kri:p]
— ползучесть

stress
[strt;s]
— давление, напряжение

failure
[‘feilja’]
— повреждение, разрушение

vessel
[‘vesl]
— сосуд, котел, судно _v

lathe
[lei6]
— токарный станок

milling
machine
[mi’lin]
— фрезерный станок

shaper
[Jeipa]
— строгальный станок

grinder
[‘(gramda’]
— шлифовальный станок

to
melt
[m.elt]
— плавить, плавиться расплавить

to
cast
[kq:st]
— отливать, отлить

mould
[m^uld]
— форма {для
отливки)

General
understanding:

1. What
   are metals and what do we call metallurgy?

1. Why
   are most metals dense?

2. Why
   ar-e metals malleable?

3. What
   ife malleability?

4. What
   are grains?

5. What
   ife alloying?

6. What
   is
   crystalline
   structure?

1. What
   do the properties of metals depend on?

2. What
   changes the size of grains in metals?

3. What
   are the main processes of metal forming?

4. How
   are metals worked?

5. What
   is creeping?

Exercise
1.1. Find
the following words and word combinations in the text:

1. Свойства
   металлов

2. расстояние
   между атомами

3. правильное
   расположение

4. сильно
   отличаются по своим свойствам

5. кристаллическая
   структура

6. размер
   зерен

7. форма
   зерен

8. 8.закалка

9.
отжиг

10.волочение

1. прокатка

2. ковка

13.экструзия

1. структура
   и свойства зерна

2. горячая
   обработка

3. усталость
   металла

4. ползучесть
   металла

5. плавка
   и отливка в формы

6. способы
   обработки металлов

Exercise
1.2. Complete
the following sentences:

1. Metals
   are…

2. Metallurgy
   is…

3. Most
   metals are…

4. The
   regular arrangement of atoms in metals…

5. Irregular
   crystals…

6. The
   properties of the metals depend…

7. Metals
   with small grains will be…

8. …
   .controls the nature of the grains in the metal.

9. Alloying
   is…

10. All
    metals can be formed by…

11. Creep
    is…

12. Metals
    can be worked using…

Exercise
1.3. Explain
in English the meaning of the following words:

1. malleability

2. crystalline
   structure

3. grains

4. heat
   treatment

5. alloying

6. creep

Exercise
1.4.
Translate
into English:

1. Металлы
   — плотные материалы потому, что между
   атомами в металлах малое расстояние.

2. Металлы
   имеют кристаллическую структуру из-за
   правильного расположения атомов.

3. Чем
меньше зерна, тем тверже металл.

1. Закалка
   и отжиг изменяют форму и размер зе­рен
   в металлах.

2. Легирование
   изменяет структуру зерен и свой­ства
   металлов.

3. Металл
   деформируется и разрушается из-за
   ус­талости и ползучести.

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Другие языки

В переводчике забей)

Банан-banana
Ты че это же просто

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и дальше тоже самое