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Главная » Английский язык » Fain the text and read out english equivalents of these words and word combinations 1) жить в условиях города 2) решать проблемы окружающей среды 3) угрожать жизни людей, подвергать жизнь людей опасности 4) загрязнение водной среды 5) загрязнение
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Ответ:
1. общая площадь — total area
2. расположено в стороне от– located away from
3. отделяться от континента — separated from the continent
4. важная защита против — important protection
5. на протяжении всей истории — throughout history
6. соответственно- respectively
7. нельзя описать — beyond description/indescribable/can’t be described
8. южный полуостров- southern peninsula
9. протекают через — flowing through
10. самая оживленная — the busiest
11. родной язык — mother tongue
12. белый фон — white background
13. на обоих берегах — upon both banks
14. исторические дворцы — historical palaces
15. проводить время — spend time
16. тратить деньги — spend money
Environmental
pollution is a term that refers to all the ways by which people
pollute their surroundings. People dirty the air with gases and
smoke, poison the water with chemicals arid other substances, and
damage the soil with too many fertilizers and pesticides. People
also pollute their surroundings in various other ways. They rain
natural beauty by scattering rubbish and litter on the land and in
the water. They operate motor vehicles that fill the air with the
noise.
Environmental
pollution is one of the most serious problems facing humanity today.
It causes global warming, destruction of the ozone layer, and
other disastrous processes. Air, water, and soil — all harmed by
pollution — are necessary to the survival of all living things.
Badly polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted
water kills fish and other marine life. Pollution of soil reduces the
amount of land available for growing crops. Environmental pollution
also brings ugliness to our naturally beautiful world.
The
pollution problem is as complicated as it is serious. It is
complicated because much pollution is caused by things that
benefit people. Exhaust from cars causes a large percentage of all
air pollution, but the car provides transportation for millions of
people. Factories discharge much of the material that pollutes air
and water, but factories provide jobs for people and produce goods
that people want. Too many fertilizers or pesticides can rain
soil, but they are important aids for the growing of Crops.
Thus, to end or greatly reduce
pollution immediately, people would have to stop using many things
that benefit them. But pollution can be gradually reduced. Scientists
and engineers should work hard to find the ways to lessen the amount
of pollution that such things as cars and factories cause.
Governments should enforce laws that require enterprises or
individuals to stop or to reduce certain polluting activities.
EXERCISE
11. Read
and give a summary of the text.
Radiation
Radiation
is an invisible pollutant that can be highly dangerous. Nuclear
radiation comes from radioactive substances, including waste from
nuclear weapons testing and from nuclear power plants. Small amounts
of electromagnetic radiation are produced by a variety of electronic
devices including computers, lasers, microwave ovens, TV sets, and
X-ray machines.
Scientists
have not determined exactly what effects small amounts of radiation
influence people. But exposure to large amounts can cause cancer and
harmful changes in reproductive cells.
International
agreements ban most testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere.
Such regulations have helped to eliminate the major sources of
radiation. However, the amount of radioactive waste is constantly
increasing. Scientists are studying the ways to eliminate these
wastes safely and permanently.
EXERCISE
12. Find
in the texts English equivalents for these words and word
combinations:
загрязнение
окружающей среды, который относится,
окружение (окружающие места), газами и
дымом, отравлять воду химикатами, слишком
много удобрений и пестицидов, разными
другими способами, естественная красота,
мусор и отбросы, шумом, с которой
сталкивается человечество, оно является
причиной, разрушение озонового слоя,
разрушительные (гибельные) процессы,
выживание всех живых существ, сильно
загрязненный воздух, даже смерть,
загрязненная вода, загрязнение почвы,
имеющаяся в распоряжении для выращивания
урожаев, первозданно красивый мир,
сложный, приносить пользу, выхлопные
газы, процентное содержание, производить
товары, слишком много, важные средства,
таким образом, немедленно, вынуждены
бы были остановить, постепенно, должны
упорно работать, вводить в силу законы,
невидимый загрязнитель, очень опасный,
отходы от испытании ядерного оружия,
атомные электростанции, микроволновые
печи, точно
не
определили, большие количества, вредные
изменения, репродуктивные клетки,
соглашения запрещают, однако, постоянно,
надежно.
EXERCISE
13. a)
Finch in the texts the words, which have the similar meanings as the
following words:
to
dirty, different, to destroy, to throw, waste, to ran, disease, to
reduce, complex, to manufacture, at once, quantity, constantly;
b) Find in the texts the
words, which have the opposite meanings to the following words:
to clean, the same, to
restore, unnatural, the least, death, to increase, ugly, simple,
small, little, to begin, visible, national.
EXERCISE
14.
Fill in gaps with the missing words in the following sentences; the
first letter of each word has been given to help you:
1.
People often p… their surroundings. 2. People d… the soil with
too many f… 3. People s… rubbish and litter on the land. 4. Cars
fill the air with the n… 5. Environmental pollution c… disastrous
processes. 6. The pollution problem is c… 7. Factories d… much of
the material that pollutes air and water. 8. Pollution can be
r… 9. E… to large amounts of radiation can cause cancer. 10.
International agreements b… most testing of nuclear weapons.
EXERCISE
15. Find
in the texts, translate, and analyze:
a)
grammar forms with the ending -ing:
|
their surroundings by scattering problems facing humanity global warming living things for growing crops for |
to stop using polluting activities including waste including computers ban most testing is constantly increasing are |
b)
grammar forms with the ending -ed:
|
all harmed by pollution badly polluted air polluted water it is complicated is |
can be gradually reduced are produced have not determined have helped |
c)
grammar forms with the ending -s:
|
that refers to the their with gases chemicals other substances fertilizers and pesticides motor vehicles serious problems it causes disastrous processes living things polluted water kills pollution of soil reduces |
for growing crops pollution brings ugliness exhaust from cars causes the car provides for millions of people factories discharge factories provide jobs produce goods scientists and engineers governments radiation comes from TV sets and X-ray machines harmful changes |
EXERCISE
16. Complete
the following sentences in a logical way:
-
People
dirty the air with … -
People
poison the water with … -
People
damage the soil with … -
People
also pollute their surroundings in … -
They
ruin natural beauty by … -
Motor
vehicles fill the air with … -
Environmental
pollution causes global… -
Polluted
air can cause … -
Polluted
water kills fish and … -
Pollution
of soil reduces the amount of… -
Radiation
is an invisible pollutant that… -
Nuclear
radiation comes from … -
Exposure
to large amounts can cause … -
International
agreements ban most testing of… -
Government
should enforce laws that…
EXERCISE
17. Answer
the following questions about environmental pollution:
1.
What does the term «environmental pollution» mean?
2.
How do people pollute the surroundings?
3.
What does environmental pollution cause?
4.
What can badly polluted air cause?
5.
What does polluted water cause?
6.
Why is the pollution problem complicated?
7.
Where does nuclear radiation come from?
8.
Have you a computer of your own? How much time do you spend before
the display?
9.
Do you often watch TV?
10.
Does you family prepare food with the help of a microwave oven?
11.
Do you know the influence on people of the small amounts of
radiation?
12.
Do you often go to the seaside? How much time do you spend there?
13.
Do you smoke? And what about your friends?
14.
Where do you live? Are your surroundings clean?
15.
How can we reduce the pollution of the surroundings?
EXERCISE
18. Agree
or disagree with the following statements; add
some
more information:
1.
People do not poison the water with chemicals. 2. People damage the
soil with too many pesticides. 3. Badly polluted air cannot cause
illness. 4. Polluted water kills fish. 5. The pollution problem
is not complicated.
EXERCISE
19. a)
Read and translate the following dialogue;
b)
memorize
and dramatize the dialogue;
c)
act
out a similar dialogue.
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Verified answer
Ответ:
1. общая площадь — total area
2. расположено в стороне от– located away from
3. отделяться от континента — separated from the continent
4. важная защита против — important protection
5. на протяжении всей истории — throughout history
6. соответственно- respectively
7. нельзя описать — beyond description/indescribable/can’t be described
8. южный полуостров- southern peninsula
9. протекают через — flowing through
10. самая оживленная — the busiest
11. родной язык — mother tongue
12. белый фон — white background
13. на обоих берегах — upon both banks
14. исторические дворцы — historical palaces
15. проводить время — spend time
16. тратить деньги — spend money