Check-up
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ( p203) To the west of the continent of Europe lie two large islands. The larger of them is called Great Britain, and the smaller, Ireland. These two and 5,500 smaller islands form the British Isles. The island of Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales. The isle of Ireland is divided into Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK (the United Kingdom) is the official name of the country, occasionally referred to as Great Britain, which is, strictly speaking, only a geographic name.
Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea from the west, by the North Sea from the north and west. It is separated from the European continent by the English Channel. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called the Strait of Dover. The UK is not a very large country. Its territory is about 244,000 square kilometers, and no point of the country is more than 120 kilometers away from the sea.
At the same time, the population of the UK is the third largest in Europe, comprising about 60 million people. It is incorrect to call everybody who lives in the United Kingdom “English”, as this is the name only for those who live in England. The residents of Wales are named Welsh, while the people of Scotland are called Scottish. The correct common name for English, Scottish and Welsh is British. Those who live in Northern Ireland are called Irish.
The climate of the British Isles is generally mild; it is seldom cold in winter and never too hot in summer. This is due to the warm current of the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf Stream. Britain was always known as the country of fogs, but now it is not quite so because of the climatic changes: there is maybe less fog than in any other European country.
There are no high mountains and long rivers in the UK. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in the Highlands of Scotland, and the longest rivers are the Severn and the Thames.
Geographically, the UK has a very convenient position, being located on the crossroads from Europe to America. This is one of the reasons why Britain was (and is up to the present time) one of the leading world powers. The capital of the country is London. It is situated on the river Thames.
Britain has an ancient and glorious history. It used to be the great empire “where the sun never sets”. It gave the world many famous scientists, writers, political leaders and explorers, such as Newton, Darwin, Drake, Shakespeare, Churchill and others.
For centuries monarchs ruled Britain. The constitutional monarchy is still preserved in the country, though it is practically no more than a tradition and a tribute to the past. Queen Elisabeth II is Head of State. Her power is limited by the parliament, which is elected every four years. The leader of the party that has won the majority during the elections becomes the Prime Minister. In fact, he becomes the head of state and forms the Cabinet. The second largest party forms the official Opposition.
Exercises
Ex.1 Find in the text the English equivalents of the following word combination.
a) Иногда называемая
b) Строго говоря
c) Омывается
d) Отделена
e) Третье по величине
f) Называются
g) Никогда не бывает слишком жарко
h) Меньше туманов
i) Удобное местоположение
j) Древняя и славная
k) Раньше была
l) Вторая по величине
Ex. 2 Answer the following questions:
a) What are the names of the islands situated to the west of the continent of Europe?
b) What parts does the island of Great Britain consist of?
c) How many parts is Ireland divided into?
d) What is the official name of Great Britain?
e) Name the seas and oceans the country is washed by.
f) How large is the territory of the UK?
g) How are the people living in the UK called?
h) Why is the climate of the British Isles moderate?
i) What is the highest mountain in the UK?
j) What are the longest and most important rivers in the UK?
k) What is the capital of the country?
l) Prove that the UK has a very convenient position.
m) Give the names of famous people of Great Britain.
n) What type of state is the UK?
o) Who rules the country in fact?
p) How often do the elections take place?
Ex.3 Say what these figures refer to in the text.
a) 5500 b) 244000 c) 120 d) 60 000 000
Ex. 4 Open the brackets and use the adjective on the corresponding degree of comparison.
a) The (large) island is known as Great Britain, the (small) is Ireland.
b) The (high) mountain in Scotland is Ben Nevis.
c) The (long) river in Great Britain is the Severn, the Thames is (important)
d) The arctic zone has (cold) climate.
e) The (narrow) part of the English channel is called the strait of Dover.
f) Among the Russian lakes (deep) is the Baikal.
Ex.5 Make up sentences about Russia and Great Britain using the verbs in the appropriate form.
|
Great Britain |
To occupy To consist of To border on To be washed by To be covered with To have To be surrounded by |
Many forests Mild climate Seas and oceans A vast territory Four main parts Different countries Four climatic zones |
|
Russia |
Ex.6 Make up sentences according to the model using the words given below.
Model: English live in England. They speak English.
|
Welsh Scottish Irish Portuguese Italian |
American Mexican German French Russian |
KEYS
Ex.1
a) Иногда называемая – occasionally referred to
b) Строго говоря– strictly speaking
c) Омывается– is washed by
d) Отделена– is separated from
e) Третье по величине– the third largest
f) Называются– are named
g) Никогда не бывает слишком жарко– and it is never too hot
h) Меньше туманов, чем– less fog than
i) Удобное местоположение– a very convenient position
j) Древняя и славная– ancient and glorious
k) Раньше была– It used to be
l) Вторая по величине– The second largest
Ex.2
a) What are the names of the islands situated to the west of the continent of Europe?
The larger island is called Great Britain, the smaller – Ireland. They form the British Isles with 5.500 smaller islands.
b) What parts does the island of Great Britain consist of?
The island of Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales.
c) How many parts is Ireland divided into?
It is divided into two parts.
d) What is the official name of Great Britain?
The United Kingdom (UK).
e) Name the seas and oceans the country is washed by.
The country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea and the North Sea.
f) How large is the territory of the UK?
Its territory is about two hundred and forty-four thousand square kilometers
g) How are the people living in the UK called?
They are called British , Welsh, Scottish or Irish.
h) Why is the climate of the British Isles moderate?
This is due to the Gulf Stream.
i) What is the highest mountain in the UK?
Ben Nevis.
j) What are the longest and most important rivers in the UK?
The Severn and the Thames.
k) What is the capital of the country?
The capital of country is London.
l) Prove that the UK has a very convenient position.
It is located on the crossroads from Europe to America.
m) Give the names of famous people of Great Britain.
Newton, Darwin, Shakespeare, Dickens.
n) What type of state is the UK?
It is the constitutional monarchy.
o) Who rules the country in fact?
The Prime Minister
p) How often do the elections take place?
Every four years
Ex.3 Say what these figures refer to in the text.
a) 5500- smaller islands
b)244000 square kilometers –territory
c) 120 kilometers to the sea
d) 60 000 000 people- population
Ex. 4 Open the brackets and use the adjective on the corresponding degree of comparison.
a) larger, smaller
b) highest
c) longest, the most important
d) the coldest
e) narrowest
f) the deepest
Ex.5 Make up sentences about Russia and Great Britain using the verbs in the appropriate form.
1. Great Britain consists of four main parts.
2. Russia occupies a vast territory.
3. Russia borders on different countries.
4. Russia is washed by seas and oceans.
5. Russia is covered with many forests.
6. Great Britain has mild climate.
7. Russia has four climatic zones.
8. Great Britain is surrounded by seas and oceans.
Ex.6 Make up sentences according to the model using the words given below.
1. The Welsh live in Wales. They speak Welsh.
2. The Scottish live in Scotland. They speak Scottish.
3. The Irish live in Ireland. They speak Irish.
4. The Portuguese live in Portugal. They speak Portuguese.
5. The Italian live in Italia. They speak Italian.
6. The Americans live in America. They speak English.
7. The Mexican live in Mexico. They speak Mexican.
8. The German live in Germany. They speak German.
9. The French live in France. They speak French.
10. The Russians live in Russia. They speak Russian.
Вопрос по английскому языку:
Помогите пожалуйста выполнить задания с помощью текста
текст :
The United States of America
The United States of America covers the central part of North Amer ica. Besides, Alaska and Hawaii belong to the USA. Its territory is about 9,328,000 square kilometers. The population of the United States
is about 265 million people. The climate
is different from state to state
due to the large size of the country. It is
mostly temperate, but tropical
in Hawaii and Florida, and arctic in Alaska.
The USA is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlan
tic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico in the
east. It borders on Canada in
the north and on Mexico in the south. The most important rivers in the USA are the Mississippi, the Colorado, the Ohio, and the Hudson River. The main mountain chains are the Cordillera in the west and the
206
Appalachian Mountains in the east. Between these two mountain chains
lie
the central lowlands, called the prairie. To the
north of
the country,
on
the border with Canada, the Great Lakes are situated. They include
the
Lake Superior, the Lake Ontario, the Lake
Eire, the
Lake Huron
and the Lake Michigan. Natural resources include nickel, lead, silver, petroleum, natural gas, iron and others.
Present-dayAmerican history began in 1607, when colonizers estab lished the first permanent English settlement in Jamestown, Virginia. Further on during the 17th century the settlers from Europe came to the new lands. They struggled Native Americans and drove them away from rich land to reservations. At first thirteen British colonies were established on the eastern coast. In 1775 the colonies began their strug gle for independence and succeeded in 1783. This was how the United States came into being.
In 1861 the Civil War broke out. It is usually referred to as the war between the South and the North. Its aim was to give freedom to black slaves who previously could be bought or sold. Slavery was abolished in 1865, but the discrimination of the black population remained until the 1960s. The influence of the USA was growing during the 19th—20thcenturies until by the beginning of the 21st century it became the lead ing power. It dominates the economy and political life of the world.
The United States is a democratic federal republic. It comprises fifty states, including Alaska and Hawaii, and the District of Columbia, where the capital of the country is situated. The largest state is Alaska, and the smallest is Rhode Island. Each state has its own legislature. Head of State is the President. Washington, DC (District of Columbia) is the capital of the country, the seat of the government. The President is elected every four years.
Задание:
1) Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations and use them in the sentences of your own:
занимает центральную часть; отличается … из-за;умеренный; граничит с … ; основные горные цепи; называемые; современная история; поселенцы; начали борьбу за независимость; рабство было отменено; законодательство
2)Complete the following sentences:
1.The USA covers … .
2.The territory of the USA is … .
3.The population of the USA is … .
4.The climate in the United States … due to the large size of the
country.
5. The USA is washed by … .
6.The main mountain chains are … .
7.The Great Lakes are situated … .
8.Present-dayAmerican history began in … .
9.The Civil War broke out in … .
10.The largest state is … .
11.Head of State is … .
12.The capital of the country is … .
3)26. Open the brackets using the verbs in the appropriate form.
1.The seas (surround) Great Britain are not deep.
2.The USA (surround) by the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean.
3.Many rivers in the USA (connect) by the canals.
4.The road (connect) these cities is very important.
5.The USA has a highly (develop) industry.
Буду благодарна за любую помощь
Найдите английские эквиваленты приведенных ниже выражений в тексте.
Герб дома Ланкастеров — the arms of the House of Lancaster.
Война за престол между Ланкастерами и Йорками — the war for the throne between the Lancastrians and the Yorkists.
Война Алой и Белой розы — the War of the Red and White Roses.
Дикое растение — чертополох — a wild plant — a thistle.
Скандинавы решили напасть на шотландскую деревню — the Scandinavians intended to attack a Scottish village.
Скандинавы босиком прокрались в шотландскую деревню — the Scandinavians in their bare feet came quietly to the Scottish village.
Шотландские воины — the Scottish warriors.
Колючки чертополоха вонзались в босые ступни — the thorns of the thistle hurt their bare feet.
Вопли пронзили тишину — howls of pain pierced the silence.
Эмблема Уэльса — лук (или иногда нарцисс) — the Welsh emblem is the leek (or, on occasion, the flower, the daffodil).
Эмблема Ирландии — клевер — the Irish emblem is the shamrock.
Святая Троица (Бог Отец, Бог Сын и Святой Дух) — the Holy Trinity (of God the Father, the Son of God and the Holy Spirit).
105 Найдите английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний в тексте выше.
• герб дома Ланкастеров — the arms of the House of Lancaster
• война за престол между Ланкастерами и Йорками — the war for the throne between the Lancastrians and the Yorkists
• война Алой и Белой розы — the War of the Red and White Rose
• дикое растение — чертополох — a wild plant — a thistle
• скандинавы решили напасть на шотландскую деревню — the Scandinavians intended to attack a Scottish village
• скандинавы босиком прокрались в шотландскую деревню — the Scandinavians in their bare feet came quietly to the Scottish village
• шотландские воины — the Scottish warriors
• колючки чертополоха вонзались в босые ступни — the thorns of the thistle hurt their bare feet
• вопли пронзили тишину — howls of pain pierced the silence
• эмблема Уэльса — лук (или иногда нарцисс) — the Welsh emblem is the leek (or. on occasion, the flower, the daffodil)
• эмблема Ирландии — клевер — the Irish emblem is the shamrock
• Святая Троица (Бог Отец, Бог Сын и Святой Дух) — the Holy Trinity (God the Father, the Son of the God and the Holy Spirit)
Text 1
1. To begin your job search, you must identify the kind of job you
want, where the jobs are, and what employers expect.
2.If you are a student or a graduate of a vocational, technical, or
professional (university) training program and you have the same
interests, you already know the kind of job you want.
3.Begin by thinking about the work you can do. Include work you
have been trained to do, work you have actually done, and work you
enjoy doing.
4. Next, talk to as many people as possible about jour job interests and
concerns.
5. Thinking and talking help you build a network of people interested
in helping you.
6. This network will lead to specific job contacts.
7. However job counseling is also useful.
8.Job counseling is a professional service that may include vocational
— interest and aptitude testing; informing and advising about
particular jobs; and providing training and guidance in the various
steps at a job search.
1. Find in the text the equivalents of the following word and
word-combinations.
Поиски работы, профессиональное учебное заведение,
профессиональные контакты, служба трудоустройства, проверка
профессиональной пригодности и интересов, обучение и
руководство.
1.2. Answer the questions to text 1.
1.What must you do to begin your job search?
2.What must you include when thinking about the work you can do?
3.How can you build a network of people interested in helping you?
4.What is job counseling?
5.Does it provide training and guidance?
Study
all the texts and do the exercises marked with red.
Planned economies are
sometimes called “command economies” because the state commands
the use of resources (such as labour and factories) that are used to
produce goods and services as it owns factories, land and natural
resources. Planned economies are economies with a large amount of
central planning and direction, when the government takes all the
decisions, the government decides production and consumption.
Planning of this kind is obviously very difficult, very complicated
to do, and the result is that there is no society, which is
completely a command economy. The actual system employed varies from
state to state, but command or planned economies have a number of
common features.
Firstly, the state decides
precisely what the nation is to produce. It usually plans five years
ahead. It is the intention of the planners that there should be
enough goods and services for all. Secondly, industries are asked to
comply with these plans and each industry and factory is set a
production target to meet. If each factory and farm meets its target,
then the state will meet its targets as set out in five-year plans.
You could think of the factory and farm targets to be objectives
which, if met, allow the nation’s overall aim to be reached.
A
planned economy is simple to understand but not simple to operate. It
does, however, have a number of advantages:
—
Everyone in society receives enough goods and services to enjoy a
basic standard of living.
—
Nations do not waste resources duplicating production.
—
The state can use its control of the economy to divert resources to
wherever it wants. As a result, it can ensure that everyone receives
a good education, proper health care or that transport is available.
Several disadvantages also
exist. It is these disadvantages that have led to many nations
abandoning planned economies over recent years:
—
There is no incentive for individuals to work hard in planned
economies.
—
Any profits that are made are paid to the government.
—
Citizens can not start their own businesses and so new ideas rarely
come forward.
—
As a result, industries in planned economies can be very inefficient.
A
major problem faced by command or planned economies is that of
deciding what to produce. Command economies tend to be slow when
responding to changes in people’s tastes and fashions. Planners are
likely to underproduce some items as they cannot predict changes in
demand. Equally, some products, which consumers regard as obsolete
and unattractive, may be overproduced. Planners are afraid to produce
goods and services unless they are sure substantial amounts will be
purchased. This leads to delays and queues for some products.
1. Find in the text English equivalents for the following phrases:
Имеющиеся в
распоряжении ресурсы; управлять
использованием ресурсов; управление
экономикой; отказываться от плановой
экономики; иметь общие черты; подчиняться
пятилетнему плану; значительное
количество; ставить производственные
задачи; полученная прибыль; стимул к
эффективной работе; перебои и очереди;
реагировать на изменение спроса;
предсказывать изменение спроса.
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #