Festival meaning of the word

«Festivity» redirects here. For the ship, see MV Festivity.

A festival is an extraordinary event celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect or aspects of that community and its religion or cultures. It is often marked as a local or national holiday, mela, or eid. A festival constitutes typical cases of glocalization, as well as the high culture-low culture interrelationship.^[1] Next to religion and folklore, a significant origin is agricultural. Food is such a vital resource that many festivals are associated with harvest time. Religious commemoration and thanksgiving for good harvests are blended in events that take place in autumn, such as Halloween in the northern hemisphere and Easter in the southern.

Village Feast. Facsimile of a woodcut of the Sandrin ou Verd Galant, facetious work end of 16th century (edition of 1609)

Festivals often serve to fulfill specific communal purposes, especially in regard to commemoration or thanking to the gods, goddesses or saints: they are called patronal festivals. They may also provide entertainment, which was particularly important to local communities before the advent of mass-produced entertainment. Festivals that focus on cultural or ethnic topics also seek to inform community members of their traditions; the involvement of elders sharing stories and experience provides a means for unity among families.^[2] Attendants of festivals are often motivated by a desire for escapism, socialization and camaraderie; the practice has been seen as a means of creating geographical connection, belonging and adaptability.^[3][4]

EtymologyEdit

A Festival at Antwerp, Belgium, 17th century

The word «festival» was originally used as an adjective from the late fourteenth century, deriving from Latin via Old French.^[5] In Middle English, a «festival dai» was a religious holiday.^[6] Its first recorded used as a noun was in 1589 (as «Festifall»).^[5] Feast first came into usage as a noun circa 1200,^[7] and its first recorded use as a verb was circa 1300.^[8]

The word gala comes from Arabic word khil’a, meaning robe of honor.^[9] The word gala was initially used to describe «festive dress», but came to be a synonym of «festival» starting in the 18th century.^[10]

HistoryEdit

Festivals have long been significant in human culture and are found in virtually all cultures.^[11][12] The importance of festivals, to the present, is found in private and public; secular and religious life.^[13] Ancient Greek and Roman societies relied heavily upon festivals, both communal and administrative.^[14] Saturnalia was likely influential to Christmas and Carnival.^[15] Celebration of social occasions, religion and nature were common.^[15] Specific festivals have century-long histories and festivals in general have developed over the last few centuries – some traditional festivals in Ghana, for example, predate European colonisation of the 15th century.^[4][15][16] Festivals prospered following the Second World War.^[15] Both established in 1947, Avignon Festival and the Edinburgh Festival Fringe have been notable in shaping the modern model of festivals.^[17] Art festivals became more prominent by the turn of the 21st century.^[13] In modern times, festivals are commodified as a global tourist prospect although they are commonly public or not-for-profit.^[18][19]

TraditionsEdit

Many festivals have religious origins and entwine cultural and religious significance in traditional activities. The most important religious festivals such as Christmas, Rosh Hashanah, Diwali, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha serve to mark out the year. Others, such as harvest festivals, celebrate seasonal change. Events of historical significance, such as important military victories or other nation-building events also provide the impetus for a festival. An early example is the festival established by Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses III celebrating his victory over the Libyans.^[20] In many countries, royal holidays commemorate dynastic events just as agricultural holidays are about harvests. Festivals are often commemorated annually.

There are numerous types of festivals in the world and most countries celebrate important events or traditions with traditional cultural events and activities. Most culminate in the consumption of specially prepared food (showing the connection to «feasting») and they bring people together. Festivals are also strongly associated with national holidays. Lists of national festivals are published to make participation easier.^[21]

Types of festivalsEdit

The scale of festivals varies; in location and attendance, they may range from a local to national level.^[22][15] Music festivals, for example, often bring together disparate groups of people, such that they are both localised and global.^[23] The «vast majority» of festivals are, however, local, modest and populist.^[24] The abundance of festivals significantly hinders quantifying the total there of.^[13] There exists significant variation among festivals, beyond binary dichotomies of sacred and secular, rural and urban, people and establishment.^[24]

Religious festivalsEdit

Among many religions, a feast is a set of celebrations in honour of God or gods.^[25] A feast and a festival are historically interchangeable. Most religions have festivals that recur annually and some, such as Passover, Easter and Eid al-Adha are moveable feasts – that is, those that are determined either by lunar or agricultural cycles or the calendar in use at the time. The Sed festival, for example, celebrated the thirtieth year of an Egyptian pharaoh’s rule and then every three (or four in one case) years after that.^[26] Among the Ashantis, most of their traditional festivals are linked to gazette sites which are believed to be sacred with several rich biological resources in their pristine forms. Thus, the annual commemoration of the festivals helps in maintaining the buoyancy of the conserved natural site, assisting in biodiversity conservation.^[27]

In the Christian liturgical calendar, there are two principal feasts, properly known as the Feast of the Nativity of our Lord (Christmas) and the Feast of the Resurrection (Easter), but minor festivals in honour of local patron saints are celebrated in almost all countries influenced by Christianity. In the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Anglican liturgical calendars there are a great number of lesser feasts throughout the year commemorating saints, sacred events or doctrines. In the Philippines, each day of the year has at least one specific religious festival, either from Catholic, Islamic, or indigenous origins.^[28]

Buddhist religious festivals, such as Esala Perahera are held in Sri Lanka and Thailand.^[29] Hindu festivals, such as Holi are very ancient. The Sikh community celebrates the Vaisakhi festival marking the new year and birth of the Khalsa.^[30]

• Cleaning in preparation for Passover (c. 1320)

• Radha celebrating Holi, Kangra, India (c1788)

• Moors and Christian festival in Villena, Spain

Arts festivalsEdit

Among the many offspring of general arts festivals are also more specific types of festivals, including ones that showcase intellectual or creative achievement such as science festivals, literary festivals and music festivals.^[31] Sub-categories include comedy festivals, rock festivals, jazz festivals and buskers festivals; poetry festivals,^[32] theatre festivals, and storytelling festivals; and re-enactment festivals such as Renaissance fairs. In the Philippines, aside from numerous art festivals scattered throughout the year, February is known as national arts month, the culmination of all art festivals in the entire archipelago.^[33] The modern model of music festivals began in the 1960s-70s and have become a lucrative global industry.^[3] Predecessors extend back to the 11th century and some, such as the Three Choirs Festival, remain to this day.^[34]

Film festivals involve the screenings of several different films, and are usually held annually. Some of the most significant film festivals include the Berlin International Film Festival, the Venice Film Festival and the Cannes Film Festival.

A food festival is an event celebrating food or drink. These often highlight the output of producers from a certain region. Some food festivals are focused on a particular item of food, such as the National Peanut Festival in the United States, or the Galway International Oyster Festival in Ireland. There are also specific beverage festivals, such as the famous Oktoberfest in Germany for beer. Many countries hold festivals to celebrate wine. One example is the global celebration of the arrival of Beaujolais nouveau, which involves shipping the new wine around the world for its release date on the third Thursday of November each year.^[35][36] Both Beaujolais nouveau and the Japanese rice wine sake are associated with harvest time. In the Philippines, there are at least two hundred festivals dedicated to food and drinks.^{[citation needed]}

• Soweto Wine Festival, South Africa (2009)

• Beer horse cart from the Hofbräuhaus brewery at Oktoberfest Germany (2013)

Seasonal and harvest festivalsEdit

Seasonal festivals, such as Beltane, are determined by the solar and the lunar calendars and by the cycle of the seasons, especially because of its effect on food supply, as a result of which there is a wide range of ancient and modern harvest festivals. Ancient Egyptians relied upon the seasonal inundation caused by the Nile River, a form of irrigation, which provided fertile land for crops.^[37] In the Alps, in autumn the return of the cattle from the mountain pastures to the stables in the valley is celebrated as Almabtrieb. A recognized winter festival, the Chinese New Year, is set by the lunar calendar, and celebrated from the day of the second new moon after the winter solstice. Dree Festival of the Apatanis living in Lower Subansiri District of Arunachal Pradesh is celebrated every year from July 4 to 7 by praying for a bumper crop harvest.^[38]

Midsummer or St John’s Day, is an example of a seasonal festival, related to the feast day of a Christian saint as well as a celebration of the time of the summer solstice in the northern hemisphere, where it is particularly important in Sweden. Winter carnivals also provide the opportunity to utilise to celebrate creative or sporting activities requiring snow and ice. In the Philippines, each day of the year has at least one festival dedicated to harvesting of crops, fishes, crustaceans, milk, and other local goods.^{[citation needed]}

Seasonal and harvest festivals

• Halloween pumpkins show the close relationship between a harvest and religious festivals

PoliticsEdit

Scholarly literature notes that festivals functionally disseminate political values and meaning, such as ownership of place, which undergoes transformation in accordance with the festival.^[4][24] Furthermore, a festival may act as an artefact which allows citizens to achieve «certain ideals», including those of identity and ideology.^[39] Festivals may be used to rehabilitate or elevate the image of a city; the ephemerality of festivals means that their impact is often incorporeal, of name, memory and perception.^[13][24] In deviating from routine, festivals may reinforce the convention, be it social, cultural or economic.^[15][24]

Study of festivalsEdit

• Festive ecology – explores the relationships between the symbolism and the ecology of the plants, fungi and animals associated with cultural events such as festivals, processions and special occasions.
• Heortology – the study of religious festivals. It was originally only used in respect of Christian festivals,^[40] but it now covers all religions, in particular those of Ancient Greece.^[41] See list of foods with religious symbolism for some topical overlap.

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

1. ^ Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. p. 264. ISBN 9780415252256.
2. ^ «Why festivals are important». www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
3. ^ ^{a b} Davies, Karen (2021). «Festivals Post Covid-19». Leisure Sciences. 43 (1–2): 184–189. doi:10.1080/01490400.2020.1774000. ISSN 0149-0400. S2CID 225693273.
4. ^ ^{a b c} Quinn, Bernadette (2003). «Symbols, practices and myth-making: Cultural perspectives on the Wexford Festival Opera». Tourism Geographies. 5 (3): 329–349. doi:10.1080/14616680309710. ISSN 1461-6688. S2CID 143509970. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
5. ^ ^{a b} «Home : Oxford English Dictionary». www.oed.com. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
6. ^ «festival — Middle English Compendium». quod.lib.umich.edu. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
7. ^ «Home : Oxford English Dictionary». www.oed.com. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
8. ^ «Home : Oxford English Dictionary». www.oed.com. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
9. ^ James E Glevin (2020). The Modern Middle East: A History. Oxford University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0190074067.
10. ^ «gala (n.)». Archived from the original on June 27, 2020. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
11. ^ Cudny 2016, p. 13.
12. ^ Falassi, Alessandro, ed. (1987). Time Out of Time: Essays on the Festival. University of New Mexico Press. p. 1. ISBN 0-8263-0932-1. OCLC 15017471. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
13. ^ ^{a b c d} Quinn, Bernadette (2005). «Arts Festivals and the City». Urban Studies. 42 (5–6): 927–943. doi:10.1080/00420980500107250. ISSN 0042-0980. S2CID 154354884.
14. ^ Brandt, J. Rasmus; Iddeng, Jon W., eds. (2012). Greek and Roman Festivals: Content, Meaning, and Practice (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-969609-3.
15. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Cudny, Waldemar (2014). «The Phenomenon of Festivals: Their Origins, Evolution, and Classifications». Anthropos. 109 (2): 640–656. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2014-2-640. ISSN 0257-9774. JSTOR 43861801. Archived from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 23, 2022.
16. ^ Odotei, Irene (2002). «Festivals in Ghana: Continuity, Transformation and Politicisation of Tradition». Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana (6): 17–34. ISSN 0855-3246. JSTOR 41406666. Archived from the original on August 24, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
17. ^ Bartie, Angela (2013). The Edinburgh Festivals: Culture and Society in Post-war Britain. Edinburgh University Press. p. 6. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9780748670307.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-7486-7030-7. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
18. ^ Prentice, Richard; Andersen, Vivien (2003). «Festival as creative destination». Annals of Tourism Research. 30 (1): 7–30. doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00034-8. Archived from the original on June 23, 2022. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
19. ^ Andersson, Tommy D.; Getz, Donald (2008). «Stakeholder Management Strategies of Festivals». Journal of Convention & Event Tourism. 9 (3): 199–220. doi:10.1080/15470140802323801. ISSN 1547-0148. S2CID 154831702. Archived from the original on August 27, 2022. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
20. ^ Berrett, LaMar C.; Ogden D. Kelly (1996). Discovering the world of the Bible (3rd ed., rev. ed.). Provo, Utah: Grandin Book Co. p. 289. ISBN 0-910523-52-5.
21. ^ See for example: List of festivals in Australia; Bangladesh; Canada; China; Colombia; Costa Rica; Fiji; India; Indonesia; Iran; Japan; Laos; Morocco; Nepal; Pakistan; Philippines; Romania; Tunisia; Turkey; United Kingdom; United States; Vietnam.
22. ^ Cudny 2016, p. 15.
23. ^ Hondros, Konstantin; Silva, Glaucia Peres da, eds. (2019). Music Practices Across Borders : (E)Valuating Space, Diversity and Exchange. Transcript. p. 86. ISBN 978-3-8394-4667-6. OCLC 1105916920. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.
24. ^ ^{a b c d e} Waterman, Stanley (1998). «Carnivals for elites? The cultural politics of arts festivals». Progress in Human Geography. 22 (1): 54–74. doi:10.1191/030913298672233886. ISSN 0309-1325. S2CID 144867877.
25. ^ Bleeker, Claas Jouco (1967). Egyptian Festivals: Enactments of Religious Renewal. Brill Archive. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
26. ^ «Heb-Sed (Egyptian feast)». Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on May 4, 2015. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
27. ^ Robson, James P. (2007). «Local approaches to biodiversity conservation: lessons from Oaxaca, southern Mexico». International Journal of Sustainable Development. 10 (3): 267. doi:10.1504/ijsd.2007.017647. ISSN 0960-1406.
28. ^ «Calendar of Philippine Festivals and Monthly Observances / Theme | Tourism Promotions Board». www.tpb.gov.ph. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
29. ^ Gerson, Ruth (1996). Traditional festivals in Thailand. Kuala Lumpur; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9676531111.
30. ^ Roy, Christian (2005). «Sikh Vaisakhi: Anniversary of the Pure». Traditional Festivals, Vol. 2 [M – Z]: A Multicultural Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 480. ISBN 978-1-57607-089-5.
31. ^ See List of music festivals.
32. ^ Some such as such as Cúirt International Festival of Literature started as a poetry festival and then broadened in scope.
33. ^ Kasilag, Giselle P. (February 1999). «Performances, exhibits around the country mark National Arts Month». BusinessWorld (SanJuan, Philippines): 1. ISSN 0116-3930 – via Nexis Uni.
34. ^ Frey, Bruno S. (1994). «The Economics of Music Festivals». Journal of Cultural Economics. 18 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1007/bf01207151. ISSN 0885-2545. S2CID 153806851. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 25, 2022.
35. ^ Hyslop, Leah (November 21, 2013). «Beaujolais Nouveau day: 10 facts about the wine». The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022.
36. ^ Haine, W. Scott (2006). Culture and Customs of France. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-313-32892-3. Archived from the original on May 1, 2016. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
37. ^ Bunson, Margaret (2009). «Nile festivals». Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Infobase Publishing. p. 278. ISBN 978-1-4381-0997-8. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
38. ^ «Press release – Dree festival». Directorate of Information, Govt of Arunachal Pradesh. July 5, 2004. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved July 13, 2009.
39. ^ Jeong, Sunny; Santos, Carla Almeida. (2004). «Cultural Politics and Contested Place Identity». Annals of Tourism Research. 31 (3): 640–656. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2004.01.004.
40. ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). «Heortology» . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
41. ^ Parker, Robert (1996). Athenian religion : a history. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-814979-4. OCLC 32590127. Archived from the original on May 12, 2022. Retrieved August 27, 2022.

• Cudny, Waldemar (2016). Festivalisation of Urban Spaces. Springer Geography. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31997-1. ISBN 978-3-319-31997-1. S2CID 168194339.

Further readingEdit

• Ian Yeoman, ed. (2004). Festival and events management: an international arts and culture perspective (1st ed., repr. ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 9780750658720.

External linksEdit

•   Media related to Festivals at Wikimedia Commons
•   The dictionary definition of Festival at Wiktionary

Recent Examples on the Web

The Soundship Spacesystem Tour will launch later this year, with Pretty Lights plotting multi-night stands in nine cities between Aug. to Dec. (the run also includes two festival appearances.


—Jon Blistein, Rolling Stone, 4 Apr. 2023




The festival lineup also includes Waxahatchee, Dawes, Faye Webster, Madison Cunningham, Rayland Baxter, Richy Mitch & The Coal Miners, Miya Folick and Shaina Shepherd.


—Dave Brooks, Billboard, 3 Apr. 2023




Coolers, food and beverage are also not allowed in festival grounds.


—Chicago Tribune, 21 Mar. 2023




For festival info and a schedule of events, visit worldpremierewisconsin.com.


—Jim Higgins, Journal Sentinel, 20 Mar. 2023




Eleven more films that are nearing completion and looking for festival premieres and distribution will also be screened as part of the Agora Docs in Progress program.


—Christopher Vourlias, Variety, 6 Mar. 2023




Admission to the festival area is free and each vendor sets their own prices.


—San Diego Union-Tribune, 2 Apr. 2023




The festival lineup was already locked down, but Kitanov quickly adjusted to the new reality.


—Stjepan Hundic, The Hollywood Reporter, 1 Apr. 2023




Placing international bands, DJs, and musicians from around the world alongside Mongolia’s eclectic mix of rappers, bands and folk singers, the country just might be one of the world’s most underrated places for festival lovers.


—Breanna Wilson, CNN, 30 Mar. 2023

This event leads up to the Life is Beautiful music and arts festival in Las Vegas, this September!


—Matt Tighe, Rolling Stone, 23 Mar. 2023




The annual free festival — which includes live birds and other animals, as well as games, crafts, native plants for sale and nature walks — is presented in partnership with the Bexar Audubon Society.


—Shepard Price, San Antonio Express-News, 23 Mar. 2023




Every year, the city welcomes summer on June 21 with the free Fête de la Musique festival, an open-air celebration with musicians and bands playing live music in Berlin’s streets.


—Patricia Doherty, Travel + Leisure, 22 Mar. 2023




The festival, now in its seventh year, will take place Aug. 4-6 at Cedar Lane Regional Park in Bel Air.


—Jason Fontelieu, Baltimore Sun, 21 Mar. 2023




The festival, which celebrated its 30 th anniversary in 2021, will take place across nine stages and four days.


—Jem Aswad, Variety, 21 Mar. 2023




Last year, two films were pulled from a Hong Kong international film festival, including Taiwanese film Islander, and Hong Kong film Time, and Time again, after failing to get an approval certificate from authorities.


—Julia Malleck, Quartz, 21 Mar. 2023




Pfeffer says the Space Cadet Fest name will be reflected in the presentation of the festival.


—Ed Masley, The Arizona Republic, 21 Mar. 2023




Lolla Lady Billie Eilish performs during day one of the Lollapalooza Chile festival on March 17 in Santiago, Chile.


—People Staff, Peoplemag, 20 Mar. 2023


See More

English[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

• feastiuall (obsolete)

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English festival (adjective), from Old French festival (“festive”), from Late Latin fēstīvālis, from Latin fēstīvus (“festive”). Displaced native Old English frēols. The noun is shortened from festival day, from Middle English festival dai, festiuall day (“feast day, festival”).

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈfɛstɪvl̩/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈfɛstəv(ə)l/
• Hyphenation: fes‧tiv‧al

Adjective[edit]

festival (comparative more festival, superlative most festival)

1. Pertaining to a feast or feast day; festive. (Now only as the noun used attributively.)

Noun[edit]

festival (countable and uncountable, plural festivals)

1. (biblical) A feast or feast day.

   • 2009, “Deuteronomy 16:16”, in Holman Christian Standard Bible:

     All your males are to appear three times a year before the Lord your God in the place He chooses: at the Festival of Unleavened Bread, the Festival of Weeks, and the Festival of Booths. No one is to appear before the Lord empty-handed.

2. An event or series of special events centred on the celebration or promotion of some theme or aspect of the community, often held at regular intervals.

   The Reading and Leeds festivals take place on the August bank holiday.

   A Welsh eisteddfod is a literary festival.

3. In mythology, a set of celebrations in the honour of a god.
4. (Caribbean, Jamaica, uncountable) Fried cornbread.

Derived terms[edit]

[edit]

• festal
• festive
• festivity
• festivities

Translations[edit]

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old French festival, from Latin fēstīvālis.

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /fəs.tiˈval/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /fəs.tiˈbal/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /fes.tiˈval/

Noun[edit]

festival m (plural festivals)

1. festival

Derived terms[edit]

• festival de cinema (“film festival”)

[edit]

• festa

Further reading[edit]

• “festival” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Czech[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Derived from English festival.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): [ˈfɛstɪval]
• Hyphenation: fe‧s‧ti‧val

Noun[edit]

festival m inan

1. festival (an event or community gathering)

Declension[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• festival in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• festival in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• festival in Internetová jazyková příručka

Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English festival, from Old French festival, from Late Latin fēstīvālis, from Latin fēstīvus (“festive”).

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɛs.tiˌvɑl/
• Hyphenation: fes‧ti‧val

Noun[edit]

festival n (plural festivals, diminutive festivalletje n)

1. A festival (festive event or gathering).

Derived terms[edit]

• dorpsfestival
• festivalganger
• festivalisering
• festivalpubliek
• filmfestival
• kunstfestival
• muziekfestival
• songfestival
• theaterfestival

Estonian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈfestivɑl/, [ˈfestʲivɑl]

Noun[edit]

festival (genitive festivali, partitive festivali)

1. festival

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

• filmifestival

Further reading[edit]

• festival in Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik
• festival in Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat
• festival in Raadik, M., editor (2018), Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, →ISBN
• festival in Sõnaveeb

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From English festival, from Old French festival.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /fɛs.ti.val/

Noun[edit]

festival m (plural festivals)

1. festival

Descendants[edit]

• → Turkish: festival

Further reading[edit]

• “festival”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Indonesian[edit]

Noun[edit]

festival (first-person possessive festivalku, second-person possessive festivalmu, third-person possessive festivalnya)

1. festival

Italian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from English festival.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɛ.sti.val/, (traditional) /fe.stiˈval/^[1]
• Rhymes: -ɛstival, (traditional) -al
• Hyphenation: fè‧sti‧val, (traditional) fe‧sti‧vàl

Noun[edit]

festival m (invariable)

1. festival
2. worker’s festival

Synonyms[edit]

• mostra
• rassegna

[edit]

• festivaliere
• festivaliero

References[edit]

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin festivalis, via English festival.

Noun[edit]

festival m (definite singular festivalen, indefinite plural festivaler, definite plural festivalene)

1. a festival

References[edit]

• “festival” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin festivalis, via English festival.

Noun[edit]

festival m (definite singular festivalen, indefinite plural festivalar, definite plural festivalane)

1. a festival

References[edit]

• “festival” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French festival, ultimately from Latin fēstīvālis.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

festival m (plural festivais)

1. festival

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French festival.

Noun[edit]

festival n (plural festivaluri)

1. festival

Declension[edit]

Serbo-Croatian[edit]

Noun[edit]

festìvāl m (Cyrillic spelling фестѝва̄л)

1. festival

Declension[edit]

See also[edit]

• praznik

Slovak[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): [ˈfestival]

Noun[edit]

festival m inan (genitive singular festivalu, nominative plural festivaly, genitive plural festivalov, declension pattern of dub)

1. festival

Declension[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• festival in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

Spanish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /festiˈbal/ [fes.t̪iˈβ̞al]
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: fes‧ti‧val

Noun[edit]

festival m (plural festivales)

1. festival

Further reading[edit]

• “festival”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French festival.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /festiˈvɑl/
• Hyphenation: fes‧ti‧val

Noun[edit]

festival (definite accusative festivali, plural festivaller)

1. festival

   Synonym: şenlik

Declension[edit]

Inflection
Nominative	festival
Definite accusative	festivali
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	festival	festivaller
Definite accusative	festivali	festivalleri
Dative	festivale	festivallere
Locative	festivalde	festivallerde
Ablative	festivalden	festivallerden
Genitive	festivalin	festivallerin
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular festivalim festivallerim 2nd singular festivalin festivallerin 3rd singular festivali festivalleri 1st plural festivalimiz festivallerimiz 2nd plural festivaliniz festivalleriniz 3rd plural festivalleri festivalleri Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular festivalimi festivallerimi 2nd singular festivalini festivallerini 3rd singular festivalini festivallerini 1st plural festivalimizi festivallerimizi 2nd plural festivalinizi festivallerinizi 3rd plural festivallerini festivallerini Dative Singular Plural 1st singular festivalime festivallerime 2nd singular festivaline festivallerine 3rd singular festivaline festivallerine 1st plural festivalimize festivallerimize 2nd plural festivalinize festivallerinize 3rd plural festivallerine festivallerine Locative Singular Plural 1st singular festivalimde festivallerimde 2nd singular festivalinde festivallerinde 3rd singular festivalinde festivallerinde 1st plural festivalimizde festivallerimizde 2nd plural festivalinizde festivallerinizde 3rd plural festivallerinde festivallerinde Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular festivalimden festivallerimden 2nd singular festivalinden festivallerinden 3rd singular festivalinden festivallerinden 1st plural festivalimizden festivallerimizden 2nd plural festivalinizden festivallerinizden 3rd plural festivallerinden festivallerinden Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular festivalimin festivallerimin 2nd singular festivalinin festivallerinin 3rd singular festivalinin festivallerinin 1st plural festivalimizin festivallerimizin 2nd plural festivalinizin festivallerinizin 3rd plural festivallerinin festivallerinin

Further reading[edit]

• festival in Turkish dictionaries at Türk Dil Kurumu
• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “festival”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı

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To fans in a festival setting it’s like a picnic. You want to have a good time with your friends in that crowd. And in the background you hear the band play, ‘Oh, that’s my favorite song!’ everyone is there to enjoy the afternoon and that’s about it.

Tom Araya

ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD FESTIVAL

From Church Latin fēstivālis of a feast, from Latin festīvusfestive.

PRONUNCIATION OF FESTIVAL

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF FESTIVAL

Festival is a noun.

WHAT DOES FESTIVAL MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Definition of festival in the English dictionary

The first definition of festival in the dictionary is a day or period set aside for celebration or feasting, esp one of religious significance. Other definition of festival is any occasion for celebration, esp one which commemorates an anniversary or other significant event. Festival is also an organized series of special events and performances, usually in one place.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH FESTIVAL

SYNONYMS OF «FESTIVAL»

The following words have a similar or identical meaning as «festival» and belong to the same grammatical category.

TRANSLATION OF FESTIVAL

Find out the translation of festival to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «FESTIVAL»

The term «festival» is very widely used and occupies the 1.864 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.

Principal search tendencies and common uses of festival

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «FESTIVAL» OVER TIME

10 QUOTES WITH «FESTIVAL»

Famous quotes and sentences with the word festival.

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «FESTIVAL»

Discover the use of festival in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to festival and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «FESTIVAL»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term festival is used in the context of the following news items.

REFERENCE

« EDUCALINGO. Festival [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/festival>. Apr 2023 ».