Exercise 25 mind the word order a extend the following sentences with the words

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Поддержка инструмент перевода: Клингонский (pIqaD), Определить язык, азербайджанский, албанский, амхарский, английский, арабский, армянский, африкаанс, баскский, белорусский, бенгальский, бирманский, болгарский, боснийский, валлийский, венгерский, вьетнамский, гавайский, галисийский, греческий, грузинский, гуджарати, датский, зулу, иврит, игбо, идиш, индонезийский, ирландский, исландский, испанский, итальянский, йоруба, казахский, каннада, каталанский, киргизский, китайский, китайский традиционный, корейский, корсиканский, креольский (Гаити), курманджи, кхмерский, кхоса, лаосский, латинский, латышский, литовский, люксембургский, македонский, малагасийский, малайский, малаялам, мальтийский, маори, маратхи, монгольский, немецкий, непальский, нидерландский, норвежский, ория, панджаби, персидский, польский, португальский, пушту, руанда, румынский, русский, самоанский, себуанский, сербский, сесото, сингальский, синдхи, словацкий, словенский, сомалийский, суахили, суданский, таджикский, тайский, тамильский, татарский, телугу, турецкий, туркменский, узбекский, уйгурский, украинский, урду, филиппинский, финский, французский, фризский, хауса, хинди, хмонг, хорватский, чева, чешский, шведский, шона, шотландский (гэльский), эсперанто, эстонский, яванский, японский, Язык перевода.

    Государственное автономное
профессиональное образовательное учреждение

Самарской области

«Самарский колледж сервиса производственного оборудования
имени Героя Российской Федерации Е.В. Золотухина»

 

 

Т.Е.Морозова

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ
ЯЗЫК

Методическое пособие
для самостоятельной работы студентов  1 курса всех специальностей  очной и
заочной форм обучения.

Самара,
2016 г

ОДОБРЕНА Предметно-цикловой комиссией               __  /Стряпунина Н.В./ «          »          _____2016 г.

Рекомендовано к изданию решением методического совета №        от «_____»_________2016г. Председатель совета зам. директора по УМР ______________    /Дудникова Ю.И / «          »          _____2016 г.

Разработала:
Морозова Т.Е.

Рецензент: 
Русяйкина Г.Н.

Данное методическое пособие предназначено для студентов первых
курсов  всех специальностей очной и заочной форм, обучающихся в Самарском
колледже сервиса производственного оборудования. Пособие включает темы, с
которыми в процессе изучения английского языка сталкиваются студенты  всех специальностей.

     Структура тематического материала проста и
эффективна, так как содержит не только тексты, но и задания к ним, что
способствует их продуктивному усвоению. Задания к текстам направлены  на
активное использование лексико-грамматической информации и на закрепление
данной темы. В текстах предлагается материал общей лексической  ориентации,
который позволяет учащимся ознакомиться с основными сведениями по лексике и
грамматике английского языка.

      Методика преподавания иностранного языка предполагает
как работу с преподавателем, так и самостоятельную работу студентов как во
время занятия так и в свободное время дома. Структура данного методического
пособия позволяет успешно выполнять эти задачи.

Пособие может быть
рекомендовано к использованию в образовательном процессе.  

Theme: My Family

EXEPCISE 1 Read, translate, and
study the use of
the new words to
read and discuss
the texts and dialogues (Прочитайте, переведите и выучите новые слова, которые будут
необходимы для чтения и обсуждения текстов и диалогов):

 1)  neither….nor…

2)  to consist of.

3)  secondary

4)  foreign, a foreign language.

5)  to cook.

6)  to sew

7)  to knit (knit, knit)

  even

9)  far

10) to take(took, taken)

11) favourite, favourite subjects

12) appearance

13) slim and slender

14) fair , fair hair

15) to look like

16) to be fond of

17) North Caucasus

18) entire, entire South

19) a block

20) to go shopping

21) to get along with

22) to take care of

23) each other

24) to go down to the country

25) a pity

26) the same, the same colour

27) to share

28) to invite

29) enough

30) tasty

31) a day off

32) a library

33) a report

34) properly

35) fashion, to be in fashion

36) satisfaction, job satisfaction

37) conditions, good conditions

.   

EXEPCISE  2  Translate the fallowing word
combinations. Pay attention to the     prepositions(Переведите следующие словосочетание. Обратите внимание на предлоги):

1)With dark short hair-

2) at the firm-

3) a lot of time-

4) at the secondary school-

5) a student of the college-

6) from our house-

7) by bus-

in a modern style-

9) at the disco-

10) to go to the swimming pool-

11) in the North Caucasus-

12) in the entire South  of  Russia-

13) on the right high bank of the river-

14) near our house-

15) on weekend –

16) to go to the theatre-

17) on the fifth floor-

18) in the corner-

19) on the wall above the beds-

20) near the window-

21) at the desk-

22) into our room-

23) for us-

24) for our parents

25) the hall of our flat-

26) about you-

27) for today-

28) in our country-

29) between an American and a Russian  student-

30) with you

 EXEPCISE  3  Fill in the gaps with the proper
prepositions (Заполните пропуски правильными предлогами):

1.I was a pupil … a secondary school, now I am a student … a
college.

2. I go … my college … bus because it is far … our house.

3.My mother is a slim and slender woman … blue eyes and fair
hair.

 4.There is a picture … the table … the wall.

5.There are two chairs … the desk.

EXERCISE 4. Read and give a summary of the text
(Прочитайте и перескажите)                                                

Text   My family and me

     Our family nether big nor small. It consists of my
father, my mother, my brother , and me. My father, a tall man with dark short
hair, is 40 years old. He works as a manager at the firm. He likes his work and
spends a lot of time there. My mother, a tall and thin woman with big blue eyes
and fair hair, is younger than my father, she is 38. My mother is a teacher at
the secondary school. She teaches her students foreign languages: German and
English. She also spends much time at school, but she finds time to cook, sew,
knit, and even to help my brother and me with our homework. My brother is only
10, and he is a schoolboy.

     I an 14. I am a student of the college. My college is
far from our house, and it takes me  half an hour to get there by bus. We are
studying different subjects there, but my favourite ones are History and
English. As to my appearance, I’m slim and slender. My hair is fair, my eyes are
blue. I look like my mother. I like to dress in a modern style. Music is my
hobby. I am fond of dancing at the disco. I like to buy and read English books
too. Twice a week, I go to the swimming pool.

   We live in Rostov-on-Don, the biggest city not only in
the North Caucasus, but in the entire South of Russia. It is located on the
right high bank of the Don river. We have a three-room flat in a new block of
houses. There is a nice green park near our house, where we spend a lot of  
our free time. There are many different shops not far from our house. My
brother and I often go shopping.

   Our family is nice, and everybody is easy to get along
with. We take care of each other. We spend much time together. Recently we have
bought a car, and now we often go down to the country to have a  rest on
weekends. In the evening, all members of our family watch TV, discuss everyday
problems. Sometimes we go to the theatre or to the concert.

 EXERCISE 5. Read and give a summary of the text
(Прочитайте и перескажите)                                                

Text  The place we live in

  We live a comfortable flat in a new house. It is on
the fifth floor. It is neither large nor small. There are three rooms in it: a
living room, two bedrooms. We have also a kitchen, a bathroom, and a hall. It
is a great pity that we have no balcony.

   Our living room is large and light because there are two
wide windows in it. The walls of the room are blue, the curtains on the
windows, and the carpet on the floor are of the same colour. There is no much
furniture there: a sofa, a table with four chairs, two armchairs, and a TVset 
in the corner. All the members of our family spend a lot of time there

    Our parents occupy one bedroom which is not large but
very cosy. There are two beds, a wardrobe, two armchairs, and a TV set in it.
There is a large thick carpet on the floor, and a nice picture on the wall
above the beds.

    My brother and I share another bedroom. There you can
see two beds, a small desk near the window, two chairs at the desk; for me and
my brother. The bookcase is near the door. There are many books in it. Besides,
we have many shelves on the walls. There is a musical centre on one of them. We
have a lot of friends. And when they come to see us, we invite them into our
room. We usually listen to music or play different games.

     Our kitchen is big enough. As a rule, we have breakfast
and dinner in the kitchen together. Our mother is cooking for us, but sometimes
we prepare some tasty things with my brother for our parents.

     The hall of our flat is not narrow. There is a big
wardrobe there. And besides, there is a telephone on a small round table.

     We like our flat very much. We are happy when our
relatives and friends visit us.

 EXERCISE 5. Quite the sentences in which these
words and word combinations  are used in the texts (Процитируйте предложения, в которых эти слова и словосочетания используются в текстах)   

1) neither big nor small,

2) is younger than,

3) far from our house,

4) it takes me half an hour,

5) as to my appearance,

6) in a modern style,

7) twice a week,

not only… but,

 9) go shopping,

10) easy to get along with,

11) take care of,

12) go down to the country,

13) it is a great pity,

14) of the same colour,

15) besides,

16) listen to music,

17) play games,

18) is big enough

EXERCISE 7 .Find
in the texts English equivalents for these words and word combinations ( Найдите в текстах
английские эквиваленты следующим словам в словосочетаниям):

       ни большая, ни маленькая;  она состоит
из; работает менеджером; много времени; светлые волосы; моложе, чем;
иностранные языки; находит время готовить, шить, вязать; мне требуется полчаса;
на автобусе; любимые предметы; что касается моей внешности; изящная; похожа на
маму; люблю танцевать; дважды в неделю; Северный Кавказ; весь юг России;
квартал домов; ходить за покупками; легко ладят; ездим за город; очень жаль;
этого же цвета; в углу; кроме того; достаточно
большая.                                          

  EXERCISE
8. Film in the gaps with the missing words in the following sentences, the
first letter of each word has been given to help you (Заполните пропуски необходимыми словами, первая буква каждого
слова поможет вам сделать
это):

1) Our family is n… big nor small.

2)  He works a…a manager at the firm.

3)  My mother is a tall woman w… blue eyes and f… hair.

4)  She is y… than he.

5)  She finds time e… to help me with my homework.

6)  It takes me h…an  hour to get the college.

7)  I look l… my mother.

 I am f… of dancing.

9)  I go to the swimming pool t… a week.

10) Everybody is easy to get a… with.

Theme: How We
Spend Our Free Time

EXERCISE 1. Read, translate, and study the use of
the new words to read and discuss the texts and dialogues.

1)      activity-                                                       

leisure activity-

2)      to
relax-

relaxation-

3)      to
be divided into-

4)      to
overlap-

5)      an
art-

6)      to
paint-
painting-
oil paints-

7)      to
include-

      a
possibility-
possible-

9)      a
record-
a tape-

10)  to offer-
to offer a choice-

11)  widespread-

12)  a stamp-
a coin-

13)  a doll-

14)  handicraft-

15)  to attract-

16)  to engage in-

17)  to crochet-
crocheting-

18)  a kit-

19)  a boat-

20)  jewellery-

21)  a competition-

22)  to climb-
to climb the mountains-

23)  to ski-

24)  to increase-
increasingly-

25)  to present-
a present-

26)  a research-
to research-

27)  ancient-

28)  single-

29)  especially-

30)  to value-

31)  a science-
science fiction-

32)  a volume-

33)  rare-

34)  to contain-

35)  to print-
printing style-

36)  a jumble-sale-

37)  to attend-

38)  education-
educational institution-

39)  to add-

40)  study aids-

41)  to provide-

42)  an application program-

43)  to differ-
different-

EXERCISE 2. Translate
the following world combinations

1) any type of activity-

2) during their leisure time-

3) for relaxation-

4) for development of new
interests-

5) after periods of hard work-

6) are divided into-

7) for example-

with their hands-

9) many of them-

10) are engaged in needlework
activity-

11) to be popular with many
hobbyists-

12) thousands of hobbyists-

13) take part in sports-

14) the nucleus-

15) of the library-

16) have presented to the
universities-

17) may be used for study-

17) many types of book
collections-

18) concentrate on the works-

19) the autograph of the author-

20) books on a particular
subject-

21) books about sports-

22) with thousands of volumes-

23) are translated into different
languages-

24) with unique illustrations-

25) for their collections-

26) in rare-book shops-

27) at jumble-sales-

EXERCISE 3. Read the text ,try to focus on its
essential аacts, and choose the most
suitable heading below for each  paragraph. 1) Collecting 2) Sports and Games
3) Hobbies and Hobbyists 4) Handicrafts 5) Arts

DIFFERENT KINDS OF
HOBBIES

         Hobby can be any type of
activity, which people do during their leisure time. Most people choose a hobby
for relaxation, pleasure, or for development of new interests. People of almost
any age can enjoy hobbies. A hobby offers a way to relax after periods of hard
work. Almost any kind of leisure activity can become a hobby. Most hobbies are
divided into four general categories, which may overlap. They are the arts,
collecting, handicrafts, games and sports.

                                                                                                                 
                                                                   There are
such art forms, as dancing, drama, painting, graphic arts, and music.  Each art
form has many possibilities for a hobby. For example, music may include
singing, playing an instrument, collecting records and tapes, learning ballet,
or attending concerts or operas. Painting offers the hobbyist a wide choice of
materials, such as oil paints or
watercolours.                                                                              
                                         

    Collecting is probably the
most widespread kind of hobby, because almost any thing can be collected.
Stamps and coins are the most popular items. Hobbyists also collect such things
as autographs, books, dolls, buttons, etc.   

      Handicrafts attract
hobbyists who can work skillfully with their hands. Many of them are engaged in
needlework activities, crocheting, knitting, and sewing. Some use kits to make
model aeroplanes, boats, and trains. Other handicrafts include ceramics,
metalworking, jewellery making, etc.   

       Games and sports are
popular with many hobbyists who enjoy competition, physical activity, and
exercise. Thousands of hobbyists take part in sports, such as bowling, fishing,
mountain climbing, skiing, and tennis. Popular indoor games include card games,
chess. Nowadays, electronics-related hobbies are becoming increasingly popular.
Many people, especially children, play computer games.

       Author collections concentrate on the works of a
single author. Book collectors especially value editions  with the autograph of
the author.

       Subject collections include books on a particular
subject, such as science fiction, or books about sports or sportsmen. Some 
subject collections are vast with thousands of volumes, but most are much
smaller. 

        Title collections consist of as many as possible
editions of a Single title. The editions, which are translated into different
Languages, are also included. Unique or ancient book collections focus on books
that are unusually beautiful, rare, very old, or of an unusual shape and size. These
collections may contain books with unique illustrations, with rare printing
styles.

       Collectors find books for their collections in
rare-book shops, antiquarian bookshops, secondhand bookshops, and at
jumble-sales.

EXERCISE 5. Quote the sentences  in which these
words and word combinations are used in the texts:

1)  any type of activity-

2)  are divided into-

3)  may overlap-

4)  such art forms as-

5)  a wide choiсe of materials-

6)  watercolours-

 7) the most widespeard-

  can be collected-

9)  the most popular items-

10) attract a hobbyist-

 11) can work skillfully-

12) are engaged in needlework activity-

 13) some use kits-

14) take part in sports-

15) electronics-related hobbies-

16) have formed the nucleus-

17) the world’s most important libraries-

18) a single author-

19) on a particular subject-

20) as many as possible editions-

21) of an unusual-

22) of an unusual shape-

23) at jumble-sales-      

EXERCISE 6. Fill in the gaps with the missing words
in the following sentences, the first letter of each word has been given to
help you.

1) Most people choose a hobby for p… .

2) People of a… any age can enjoy hobbies.

3) Almost any kind of  l… activity can become a hobby.

 4) Hobbies of different categories may o… each other.

 5) Hobbyists have many p… in each art form.

 6) The most w… kind of hobby is collecting.

 7) Some hobbyists can work s… with their hands.

  Some people are engaged in n… activities.

 9) Hobbyist may use k… to make model aeroplanes.

 10) J… making is a kind of handicrafts.

EXERCISE 7. Fill in the blanks with the articles a,
an, the where necessary

      I have a hobby. I like to cook. During my leisure time
I  make… cakes and pies. It is not difficult to make … pie. Sometimes my
brother helps me. He is a good boy, and we get along  well with … each other.
My brother usually goes … shopping and buys … different things, which are
necessary for … cooking. My cakes are tasty but I like … pies … best of all.

EXERCISE 8.  Read and state the function of the
verbs be, have. 

     Hobby is a kind of activity. Hobbies are chosen by most 
people for relaxation. When a person has chosen a hobby his Life becomes more
interesting. There are different kinds of hobbies, and they are divided into
four categories: the arts, collecting, handicrafts, games and sports. Each art
form has many possibilities for a hobby

EXERCISE 9.  Fill in the blanks with the proper
auxiliary verb.

1. She … attending courses for studуing
the English language.

2. He .. just made a model aeroplane.

3. They … singing songs now.

4. She … playing the piano all the evening yesterday.

 5. He… presented his collection to the museum.

 6. My Friend … bought this rare book at the jumble-sale.

7. The unique Collection of ancient books … presented to him
by his father.

8. The books … found by the collectors in rare-book shops.

9. Books on a particular subject … included in subject
collections.

10. Some books … translated into different languages.

EXERCISE 10. Mind the word order: a) Extend the
following sentences with the words given in brackets.

1.People choose a hobby (most, for, relaxation, and,
pleasure ). 

2. Hobbies are divided into for categories (general, most ).

3. The widespread hobby is collecting (most, probably ).

4. Games are popular (sports, and, very, many, hobbyists,
with).

5. Hobbyists take part in sports (of, thousands).

EXERCISE 11.  Put the words in the following
sentences in order, the first word in each sentence in is italics.

1. because,
reading, people, Many, collect, enjoy, books, they.

2 .presented,
hove, collections, their, Some, people, universities, to.

3
.concentrate, collections, Author, of, a single author, the works, on.

4.a
particular subject, include, books, Subject, collections, on.

5. find,
Collectors, their, for, shops, rare-book, books, collections, in.

EXERCISE 12.  Give possible beginnings of the
sentences.

1 …any type of activity .2. … for relaxation .3. … after periods of
hard work .
4. …may overlap .5. …oil paints and water coolers.

EXERCISE 13.  Complete the following sentences in a logical way .

1. Hobby can be any type of activity which …

2. Most people choose a hobby for …

3. Most hobbies are divided into four…

4. There are such divided into four …

5. Each art form has many possibilities for …

6. Music may include singing, playing an instrument, …

7. The most widespread kind of hobby is collecting because…

8. Hobbyists collect such things ,as autographs,…

9. There are many types of book collections ….

10. Collectors find books for their collections in…

11. Handicrafts include a hobbyist who …

12. Handicrafts include needlework activities ,…

13. Games and sports are popular with hobbyist who …

14. They take part in sports ,such as …

15. Popular indoor games include…

EXERCISE 14 .Translate the following sentences from
Russian into English. You will have a story on the topic as a pattern.

1)     
Большинство людей выбирают хобби для того, чтобы
расслабиться после тяжёлой работы.

2)     
Люди почти любого возраста могут иметь увлечения.

3)     
Большинство увлечений могут быть разделены на
четыре общие категории: различные виды искусства, коллекционирование, ручной
труд, игры и спорт.

4)     
Существуют различные виды искусства, и каждый из
них имеет массу возможностей для хобби.

5)     
Например, музыка может включать пение, игру на
музыкальном инструменте, коллекционирование пластинок, посещение концертов и
т.д.

6)     
Самый Распространенный вид увлечений – это,
вероятно, коллекционирование.

7)     
Люди собирают марки, монеты, книги, автографы,
куклы, пуговицы и т.д.

     
Очень популярное увлечение- коллекционирование
книг.

9)     
Многие люди коллекционируют книги, потому что они
любят читать.

10)  Некоторые коллекционеры собирают редкие или старинные книги, другие-
красивые или необычные.

11)  Для своих коллекций коллекционеры обычно находят книги в антикварных
магазинах, на ярмарках-распродажах.

12)  Некоторые люди дарят свои коллекции книг музеям, библиотекам.

13)  В нашей семье есть уникальная коллекция книг.

14)  Они очень красивые, с замечательными иллюстрациями о различных видах
искусства.

15)  В свободное время мы часто читаем их.

EXERCISE 15.  Compare different kinds of hobbies.
Answer the questions and complete the grid.

№	Questions	The Arts	Collecting	Handicrafts	Game and Sports
1.	Is it a popular kind of hobby?
2.	Can people of any age enjoy this hobby include?
3.	What does this hobby include?
4.	What do people need for such a hobby?
5.	Do people enjoy this hobby indoors or outdoors?
6.	Do people enjoy this hobby alone or together with their friends or other hobbyists?
7.	Can hobbyists enjoy this kind of hobby only on weekends?
8.	Where can hobbyists enjoy this kind of hobby?
9.	Why do hobbyists enjoy this kind of hobby?
10.	Do you enjoy this kind of hobby?
11.	Do your friends enjoy this kind of hobby?

Theme  Different Types of Education

EXERCISE 1.
a) Read, translate, and study the use of the new words to read and discuss the
texts and dialogues;

1. experience, learning experiences.

2.a sense, in the broadest sense

3.a skill, to learn skills

4. to gain, to gain knowledge

5.a scheme

6.formal, informal

7.daily, daily life

8.manner, with good manners

9.to ride, to ride a horse, to ride a bicycle

10.to pass, to pass an exam

11.to be in charge of

12.to expect

13.both…. and ….

14.vocational education

15.gifted, physically or mentally handicapped

16.an adult

17.an aim, to aim

18.intelligent

19.responsible

20.to transmit

21.a heritage, a cultural heritage

22.carpentry

23.to require

24.further, further education

25.compulsory

26.beyond

27.to support

28.by correspondence

29.instead

30.junior, senior

31.to earn

EXERCISE 2.  Translate the following word
combinations. Pay attention to the prepositions.

1.about the world

2 about themselves

3 for discussing

4 to divide into

5 during their daily life

6 for example

7 by hearing

8 by trying

9 in the same formal manner

10  with good manners

11  on their own initiative

12  without a  teacher

13  look at a videotape

14  listen to a radio

15  at different kinds school

16  in most countries

17  a system of formal education

18  during their early childhood

19  in this type of education

20  in charge of education

21  with the teachers at the head

22  to come to school

23  in their learning

24  at the end of their learning

25  the school systems of all modern nations

26  for gifted children

27  after leaving school

28  a large amount of time

29  aims at producing

30  in secondary schools

31  the aim of vocational education

32  for a job

33  between the ages of 5 and 16

34  agree with you

35  at producing

36  in secondary school

37  the aim of vocational education

38  by  public funds

39  by correspondence

40  in their own homes

41  about it

42  is responsible for

43  at all stages

44  by name

EXERCISE 3.   Fill in the gaps
with the proper prepositions:

1 I study… the college

2 It is rather far… my house and I go there … bus

3 I finish classes … 15.00

4…. leaving the college I have a large amount…  time.

5. I go shopping together… my brother.

6. My brother is a pupil, he goes…  school

7. His school is …our house.

8…. shopping we do our homework.

9.Then …the evening, we watch TV, listen…radio.

EXERCISE 4  Fill in the gaps with the proper
prepositions.

I study…the college. It is rather far … my house and I go
there … bus. I finish classes … 15.00. … leaving the college I have a large
amount … time. I go shopping together … my brother. My brother is a pupil, he
does … school. His school is … our house. … shopping we do our homework. Then …
the evening, TV, listen … radio.

EXERCISE 5. Read the text, try to focus on its
essential facts, and choose the most suitable heading below for each paragraph.

What is Education 2)Formal Education 3)Informal
Education 4)Different of Formal Education

Text    INFORMAL
AND FORMAL EDUCATION

        Education includes different kinds of learning experiences. In its
broadest sense, we consider to be the ways in which people iearn skills, gain
knowledge and understanding about the world and about themselves. One useful
scheme for discussing education is to divide these ways learning into two
types: informal and formal

       Informal education involves people in learning during
their daily life. For example , children learn their language simply by hearing
and by trying to speak themselves. In the same informal manner, they learn to
speak themselves, to eat with good manners, to ride a bicycle, or to make a
telephone call. Education is also informal when people try to get information
or to learn skills on their own initiative without a teacher. To do so, they
may visit a book shop, library or museum . They may watch a television show,
look at a videotape, or listen to a radio programme. They do not have to pass
tests or exams.

     We consider formal education to be the instruction
given at different kinds of schools, colleges, universities. In most countries,
people enter a system of formal education during their early childhood. In this
type of education, the people, who are in charge of education, decide what to
teach. Then learners study those things with the teachers at the head. Teachers
expect learners to came speed as their classmates, and to pass tests and exams.
Learners have to pass the exams to show how well they have progressed in their
learning. At the end of their learning, learners may earn a diploma, a
certificate, or a degree as a mark of their success over the years

.

    The school systems of all modern nations provide both
general and vocational educational. Most counties also offer special education
programs for gifted or for physically or mentally handicapped children. Adult
education programmes are provide for people who wish to take up their education
after leaving school. Most countries spend a large amount of time and money for
formal education of their citizens

EXERCISE 6. Read and give a summary of the text

                    Text  GENERAL AND VOCATIONAL
EDUCATION. .

        General education aims at producing intelligent,
responsible, well- informed citizens. It is designed to transmit a common
cultural heritage rather than to develop trained specialists.

       Almost all elementary education is general education.
In every country, primary school pupils are taught skills they will use
throughout their life, such as reading, writing, and arithmetic. They also
receive instruction in different subjects, including geography, history, etc.
In most countries almost all young people continue their general education in
secondary schools.

      The aim of vocational education is primarily to
prepare the students for a job. Some secondary schools specialize in vocational
programmes. Technical school are vocational secondary schools, where students
are taught more technical subjects, such as carpentry, metalwork, and
electronics. technical school students are required to take some general
education courses and vocational training. Universities and separate
professional school prepare students for careers in such fields as agriculture,
architecture, business, rngineering, law, medicine, music, teaching, ets.

EXERCISE 7 Quote the sentences in which these words
and word combinations are used in the text:

1) in the broadest sense-

2) about themselves-

3) to ride a bicycle-

4) on their own initiative-

5) are in charge of-

6) at the head-

7) on time-

at the end-

9) both … and …-

10) to take up-

11) an amount-

12) throughout-

13) carpentry-

EXERCISE 8. Find in the texts English equivalents
for these words and world combinations:

1. в широком смысле

2. обучаются навыкам

3. получают знания
4. о себе

5. полезная схема

6. пути(способы) обучения

7. официальный

8. неофициальный

9.повседневная жизнь

10. например

11. слушая

12. стараясь

13. с хорошими манерами

14. ездить на велосипеде

15. звонить по телефону

16. по их собственной инициативе

17. книжный магазин

18. сдавать экзамены

19. в большинстве стран

20. раннее детство

21. кто отвечает( в ответственности)

22. во главе

23. вовремя

24. с приблизительно одинаковой скоростью

25. одноклассники

26. должны сдавать экзамены

27. степень

28. оценка их успеха

29. одаренные дети

30. дети с физическими или умственными
недостатками

31. обучение для взрослых

32. продолжить после окончания школы

33. большое количество денег

34. граждане

35. общее образование.

36. профессиональное образование

37. ставит целью

38. умный

39. ответственный

40. хорошо информированный

41. передавать общее культурное наследство

42. больше чем

43. подготовленные специалисты

44. начальное образование

45. на протяжении всей жизни

46. средние школы

47. профессиональные программы

48. плотничное дело

49. слесарное дело

50. профессиональная подготовка

51. отдельный

52. техника

53. юриспруденция

EXERCISE 9. Fill
in the gaps with the missing words the following sentences, the first letter 
of each word has been given to help you.

1) T… their life people are learning different kinds of
skills.

2)  They g… knowledge about the word.

3)  We’ll discuss the education using one useful s…

4)  Children learn to r… a bicycle.

5)  On their own i…, people may visit a museum.

6)  The students have to p… exams.

7)  They are in c… of education.

 The students are working at about the same s…

9)   Learners may e… a degree.

10) His certificate is a m… of his success over the years.

EXERCISE 10.Mind the word order: a) Extend the
following sentences with the words given in brackets.

1. People gain knowledge (understanding, about, the world,
and).

2. People get information (own, initiative, their, on , a
teacher, without).

3. Most countries offer programs (for, children , also,
difted , education , special).

4. People continue their education (school , after, leaving,
to, want).

5. They receive instruction (in, also, different, subjects).

EXERCISE 11 Put the words in the following
sentences in order , the first word in each sentence is in itakics.

1.are, into, two, These, types, divided, ways, of, learning.

2.are, in, learning, People, involved, their, daily, life,
during.

3.formal, informal, are, There, two, of, types, education, a
system, of, their.

4.early, childhood, during, enter, People, formal,
education, a system, of their.

5.Learners, to, school, regularly, have, come, to.

EXERCISE 12   Give possible beginnings of the
sentences.

…about themselves.

…without a teacher.

…to pass tests or exams.

…during their early childhood.

…what to teach.

EXERCISE 13. Complete the following sentences in a
logical way:

Education includes different kinds of …

People gain knowledge and understanding about…

There are two types of …

Informal education involves people in …

Children lean their language simple by …

People get information or learn skills on …

Formal education is the instruction given at..

People enter a system of formal education during…

Teachers expect learners to come to school…

Learners have to pass the exams to snow…

General education aims at producing intelligent…

Primary school pupils are taught skills they will…

Almost all young people continue their general education in
…

Vocational education prepares the students for…

Learner may earn a diploma, a certificate, or..

EXERCISE 14 .Translate the following  sentences
from Russian into English. You will have a story on the topic as a pattern.

1. В широком смысле образование – это способы,
при помощи которых люди обучаются различным навыкам, получают знания о себе и
об окружающем мире.

2.Образование можно разделить на два типа:
неофициальное образование и официальное.

3. Люди вовлекаются в неофициальное
образование в течение их повседневной жизни.

4. Например, дети учатся говорить, просто
слушая и стараясь говорить.

5.  Иногда люди по своей собственной
инициативе учатся различными навыками или получают информацию о чем-нибудь.

6. Они могут пойти в библиотеку, в музей для
получения информации , но при этом они не должны сдавать экзамены.

7. Можно так же получить официальное
образование в различных школах, колледжах, университетах.

8. В большинстве стран люди поступают в
систему официального образования в раннем детстве.

9. Учащиеся должны регулярно посещать школу,
приходить вовремя.

10. Они также должны сдавать экзамены, чтобы
показать, чему они научились.

11. В большинстве стран система образования
включает как общее, так и профессиональное образование.

12. Общее образование ставит своей целью
передачу культурного наследия нации.

13. В большинстве стран общее образование
можно получить в начальных и средних школах.

14. Целью профессионального образования
является подготовка обучаемых к получению профессии.

15. Профессиональное образование можно
получить на среднем уровне- в средних специальных школах; на высоком уровне- в
различных институтах, университетах.

EXERCISE 1. Read and translate the text

SCLENCE AND
SCLENTISTS

     The word “science” comes from the Latin word
“scientia”,  which means “knowledge” Science covers the broad field of knowledge
that deals with facts and the relationship among these facts.

     Scientists study a wide variety of subjects. Some
scientists search for clues to the origin of the universe and examine the structure
of the cells of living plants and animals. Other researchers investigate why we
act the way we do, or try to solve complicated mathematical problems.

     Scientists use systematic methods of study to make
observations and collect facts. They develop theories that help them order and
unify facts. Scientific theories consist of general principles or laws that
attempt to explain how and why something happens or has happened. A theory is
considered to become a part of scientific knowledge if it has been tested
experimentally and proved to be true.

     Scientific study can be divided into three major
groups: the natural, social, and technical sciences. As scientific knowledge
has grown and become more complicated, many new fields of science have
appeared. At the same time , the boundaries between scientific fields have
become less and less clear. Numerous areas of science overlap each other and it
is often hard to tell where one science ends and another begins. All sciences
are closely interconnected.

     Science has great influence on our lives. It provides
the basis of modern technology  — the tools and machines that make our life
easier. The discoveries  and inventions of scientists also help shape our view
about ourselves  and our place in the universe.

 New words:
                                  

1) science

2) search

3) research

4) investigate

5) complicated

6) unify

7) attempt

to explain

9) to prove

10) appear

11) overlap

12) interconnected

13) influence

14) tools

15) discovery

16) invention

17) shape

EXERCISE 2 . Answer the questions to the text:

1. What is science?

2. Are all sciences closely interconnected?

EXERCISE 3.   Give Russian equivalents to the
English words and word combinations:

1. comes from

2. the field of knowledge

3. deals with facts

4. a wide variety of subjects

5. search for clues to the origin of the universe

6. consist of general principles

7. principles  and laws

8. how and why

9. a part of scientific knowledge

10. to be true

11. at the same time

12. can be divided into

13. new fields of science

14. less and less clear

15. numerous areas of science

16. overlap each other

17. are closely interconnected

18. influence on our lives

19.the basis of modern technology

20. inventions of scientists

21. our view about

22. in the universe

EXERCISE .  Find in the text English equivalents to
the Russian words and word combinations:

1.означает

2.охватывает

3. взаимосвязь

4. широкое разнообразие

5. ищут разгадки

6. происхождение Вселенной

7. структура клеток

8. сложный

9. собирать факты

10.упорядочить и обобщить

11.общие принципы

12.пытаются объяснить

13.как и почему

14.что-то произошло

15.соответствующий действительности

16.основные группы

17.общественные науки

18.в то же самое время

19.все менее и менее четкие

20.многочисленный

21.тесно взаимосвязаны

22.она обеспечивает  

EXERCISE. Fill in the gaps with the missing words:

1. Science d… with a variety of subjects.

2. Scientists s… for the answers to the different questions.

3. The structure of the cells is e… by the scientists.

4. Different theories u… the facts.

5. The b… of some scientific fields are not clear.

6. The natural, social and technical sciences are closely i…
.

EXERCISE . Mind the word order .Extend the
following sentence with the words given in brackets.

1. Scientists  solve problems (complicated, some,
mathematical, to, try)

2. Researchers make observations (facts, and, collect)

3. The boundaries have become clear (fields, scientific,
between, less)

4. Science has influence on lives (our, great)

5. Technology makes life easier (our, and, work, modern)

EXERCISE. Translate the sentences, pay attention to
the use of different conjunctions. 

1. Scientists are  investigating different problems because
they want to find  the clues to the origin of the universe.

2. If you investigate this problem, you will find the clue
to this problem.

3. After you investigate this problem, you will find the
clue to this problem.

4. It is known, that he is a good researcher .

5. When we came, they were solving the problem.

EXERCISE .  Retell the summary of the text.

        The word “science” comes from the Latin word
“scientia”,  which means “knowledge”. Scientists study a wide variety of
subjects. Some scientists search for clues to the origin of the universe and
examine the structure of the cells. Other researchers investigate why we act
the way we do.

        Scientists use systematic methods of study to make
observations and collect facts. Scientific study can be divided into three major
groups: the natural, social, and technical sciences.

        The boundaries between scientific fields have become
less and less clear. All sciences are closely interconnected. Science has great
influence on our lives. It provides the basis of modern technology.

EXERCISE 1. Read and translate the text

SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY

     Technology means the use of people’s inventions and
discoveries to satisfy their needs. Since people have appeared on the earth,
they have had to get food, clothes and shelter. Through the ages, people have
invented tools, machines and materials to make work easier.

      Nowadays, when people speak of technology, they
generally mean industrial technology. Industrial technology began about 200
years ago with the development of the steam engine, the growth of factories,
and the mass production of goods. It influenced different aspects of people’s
lives. The development of the car influenced where people lived and worked.
Radio and television changed their leisure time. The telephone revolutionized
communication.

      Science has contributed much to modern technology.
Science attempts to explain how and why things happen. Technology makes things
happen.  But not all technology  is based on science. For example, people had
made different objects from iron for centuries before they learnt the structure
of the metal. But some modern technologies, such as nuclear power production
and space travel, depend heavily on science.

New words:

1) to satisfy

2) shelter

3) steam engine

4) growth

5) contribute

6) iron

7) nuclear power

depend on

EXERCISE 2 . Answer the questions to the text:

1. What is technology?

2. Is all technology based on science?

3. What modern technologies depend heavily on science?

4. When did industrial technology begin?

5. When was a steam engine invented?

EXERCISE 3.   Give Russian equivalents to the
English words and word combinations:

1. easier

2. on the earth

3. through the ages

4. speak of technology

5. about 200 years ago

6. with the development of the steam engine

7. the growth of factories

8. production of goods

9. aspect s of people’s lives

10.the development of the car

11.contributed much to modern technology

12.for e[ample

13.from iron

14.for centuries

15.the structure of the metal

EXERCISE .  Find in the text English equivalents to
the Russian words and word combinations

1.открытия

2. изобретения

3. формировать наши взгляды

4. о себе

5. удовлетворять собственные нужды

6. они должны были

7. кров

8. на протяжении веков

9. инструменты

10.чтобы сделать

11. в настоящее время

12. тому назад

13. паровой двигатель

14. рост

15. массовое производство товаров

16. время досуга

17. произвел революцию

18. сделала большой вклад

19. например

20. из железа

21. в течении веков

22. очень сильно

23. зависит

EXERCISE. Fill in the gaps with the missing words:

1. T… the ages, people have invented tools, machines, and
materials to make work easier.

2. Science c… much to modern technology.

3. Some modern technologies d… on science.

4. During our l… time we watch TV.

EXERCISE. Put the words in the following sentences
in order, the first word in each sentence is in italics.

1. interconnected, sciences, All, closely, are.

2. provides, Science, of, technology, modern, the, basis.

3. people, the, ages, Through, tools, invented, have,
machines, materials, and.

4.influenced, aspects, people’s, of, different, Industrial,
technology, lives.

5. our, time, Radio, television, and, leisure, changed.

EXERCISE . Fill in the blanks with the proper
conjunctions.

1. I am happy, … I have bought a computer.

2.  … the theory has been tested experimentally, it becomes
a part of scientific knowledge.

3.  … scientific knowledge has grown and become more
complicated, many new fields of science have appeared.

4. It is known, … the telephone revolutionized
communication.

5. … people speak of modern technology, they generally mean
industrial technology.

EXERCISE 4. Retell the summary of the text

           Nowadays, when people
speak of technology, they generally mean industrial technology. Industrial
technology began about 200 years ago with the development of the steam engine,
the growth of factories, and the mass production of goods

           Radio and television
changed their leisure time. The telephone revolutionized communication. Science
attempts to explain how and why things happen.

          Technology makes
things happen.  some modern technologies, such as nuclear power production and
space travel, depend heavily on science.

Литература

1)  Восковская А. С.     Английский
язык / А. С. Восковская, Т. А. Карпова. – Изд. 12-е, стер. – Ростов Н/Д :
Феникс, 2013. – 376, [1] с. – (Среднее профессиональное образование).

2)  Климентьева Т. Б., Шеннон Д. А Счастливый
английский. Кн.2 для 7-9 кл. общеобразов. учрежд. – 2-е изд., испр, — Обнинск:
Титул,2003. – 448 с.: ил.

 3)  Английский язык, Справочник школьника/ Г.
П. Шалаева, В. П.Хаскин

4)  Научные редакторы Е. Б. Полякова и В. В
Славкин – М.: Филол. о-во «СЛОВО», АСТ, Компания «Ключ-С», Центр гуманитарных
наук при ф-те журналистки МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова, 1997. -544 с.

5)  Миловидов В. А 
10 консультаций по английскому языку: — 2-е изд., испр. – М.: Рольф, 2001. –
320 с. – (Домашний репетитор).

6)  Рогова Г. В.  Английский язык за два года:
учеб. для 10-11 кл. общеобразоват. учреждений/ Г. В. Рогова, Ф. М. Рожкова. –
13-е изд.- М.: Просвещение, 2004.-384 с.

7)  Английский
язык: учеб. для 10-11 кл. общеобразоват. учреждений / [В. П. Кузовлев, Н. М.
Лапа, Э. Ш. Перегудова и др.].

  Англо—русский словарь 20 000
слов/ Сост. Г. И. Бункин, О. В. Буренкова, Т. П. Горбунова и др.; Под ред. О.
С. Ахмановой, Е. А. М. Уилсон. – 32 изд., стереотип. – М.: Рус. яз., 1987. –
656 с.