Exercise 2 word formation a complete the table verb noun adjective to agree

english-practice

B2 Word Formation WF 020

Complete the table.

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE

creative
satisfy
application
excite
preparation
imaginative
payable
explain
industrialise
response
preventive
embarrass
threatening
secure
protection
theory
completed
symbol
communicate
appreciation
end
noticeable
identification
profit
confirm
defence

english-practice

KEY

NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE

creation / creativity create creative
satisfaction satisfy satisfactory /
satisfied
application apply applicable
excitement excite excited / exciting
preparation prepare prepared /
preparatory
imagination imagine imaginative
pay / payment pay payable
explanation explain explanatory
industry /
industrialisation

industrialise industrial

response respond responsive
prevention prevent preventive
embarrassment embarrass embarrassing /
embarrassed
threat threaten threatening
security secure secure
protection protect protective
theory theorise theoretical
completion complete completed
symbol symbolise symbolic
communication communicate communicative
appreciation appreciate appreciative
end / ending end endless
note / notice notice noticeable
identification identify identifiable
profit profit profitable
confirmation confirm confirmed /
confirmative
defense defend defensive

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• 1

  WORD BUILDING

  1. Complete the table.

  Noun Verb Adjective

  decission Decide decisive

  departure depart Departed/ departing

  information inform informative

  leak leak leaking

  difference differ different

  NOUN SUFFIXES

  2. Add a noun suffix to each of the words below. Then and
  complete the sentences with the nouns you

  formed.

  curious assist agree entertain friend responsible celebrate
  piano

  1. I cant do all this work without some assistance

  2. Our friendship began five years ago.

  3. Its your responsibility to clean the kitchen.

  4. We couldnt reach an agreement on the price.

  5. Children learn easily because of their natural curiosity
  .

  6. The wedding celebration lasted all night.

  7. Helen is a talented pianist .

  8. What do you like doing for entertainment ? Choose the correct
  answer to each question. 1. Where do you see billboards?

  next to roads / in houses / on TV 2. What kind of transport is
  used for a cruise?

  a plane / a train / a ship 3. What will sink in water?

  a stone / a feather / a leaf

  4. Who usually conducts research?

  a chef / a scientist / a construction worker 5. What causes the
  most damage to the environment?

  plants / animals / people 6. Which weather conditions are the
  most treacherous?

  hurricanes / humidity / chilly winds

  Read the sentences in I. Then match the underlined words to
  their definitions in II.

  1. Our main purpose in this course is to improve our English.
  aim, goal

  2. Please keep in mind that you must arrive on time.
  remember

  3. Most smokers are aware of the fact that smoking is dangerous.
  conscious of

  4. It’s good to achieve a balance between work and fun.
  equilibrium

  5. His parents have been quite concerned about him lately.
  worried

  Add a noun suffix to each of the following words.

  decide dark differ relation inform possible appoint
  environmental

• 2

  Complete the sentences with the correct form of the nouns you
  formed in the previous exercise.

  1. There’s a big difference between first and second class
  tickets.

  2. Is there any possibility of booking a room for tonight?

  3. Have you made an appointment with the doctor?

  4. They’ve made a decision about the dates of their trip.

  5. Environmentalists are concerned about the balance of nature
  in Antarctica.

  6. I’d like some information about the train to London.

  7. My sister and I have a rather stormy relationship

  8. When we arrived, the hotel was in complete darkness

  Complete the following sentences by adding a noun suffix to the
  words in brackets.

  Amazing hotels If you are looking for excitement (excite) on
  your next holiday, try staying at an unusual hotel. One possibility
  (possible) is the Mammut Hotel in Kemi, Finland, built entirely of
  snow and ice. If you prefer warmth, try the Ariau Towers in the
  Brazilian rainforest. The hotel’s construction (construct) follows
  the local way of building — all rooms are high in the treetops. The
  Malmaison Hotel in Oxford, England, was once a prison. Most rooms
  are in converted cells — the thickness (thick) of their steel doors
  makes quite an impression (impress)! Wherever you travel, if you
  seek the different and the unique, you’ll find it.

  Complete the sentences by adding a suitable noun suffix to the
  words in brackets. Make any necessary changes. 1. Your frienship is
  important to me. (friend)

  2. There’s a possibility it may rain. (possible)

  3. He made a good impression (impress)

  4. There is sadness in the man’s eyes. (sad)

  5. Have you reached an agreement yet? (agree)

  6. Don’t worry about your appearance (appear)

  7. He is an excellent guitarrist (guitar) Complete the passage
  by adding a suitable noun or adjective suffix to the words in
  brackets. Enjoying Time in Airports

  In recent years, airports have become very stressful (stress)
  places where passengers face long queues, delays and lost luggage.
  In addition, there now seems to be little difference (differ)
  between the terminal of a typical (type) airport and a crowded,
  noisy shopping centre. But airports in some cities — inc1uding
  Paris, Amsterdam and San Francisco — offer travellers a quieter
  alternative: art museums. Some feature work by contemporary local
  artists (art), while others make arrangements (arrange) with major
  museums that allow them to borrow important works of art for
  special exhibitions (exhibit). Information (inform) about airport
  museums is available online — so why not look it up before your
  next flight?

  Pay attention to the underlined words and choose a logical
  ending for each sentence.

  1. On an overnight trip, you stay for …. a. several nights b.
  one night

  2. If you buy a return ticket, …. a. you don’t plan to come
  back b. you plan to come back

  3. If your train is delayed, it will leave …. a. late b. on
  time

  4. Your departure time is the time you …. a. leave b.
  arrive

  5. If you go abroad, you …. a. go to another country b. tour
  in your own country

  6. If you need accommodation, you want ….

• 3

  a. a way to travel b. a place to stay

  7. A passenger is a person …. a. travelling on a bus, plane,
  train or ship b. sleeping at a hotel or a youth hostel

• 4

  The dialogue below takes place at an airport. Complete it with
  the words below. queue youth hostel flight airline luggage

  A: «Can I help you, miss?» B: I hope so! My hasn’t luggage
  arrived. I’ve also been waiting in this queue for half an hour! A:
  I’m sorry, Miss. What was your flight number? B: It was flight 938,
  from Brussels. A: They must have left your bag there. Where will
  you be staying? B: At the youth hostel in town. A: Alright. We’ll
  deliver it as soon as it arrives.

  B: And what am I supposed to do in the meantime? I think your
  airline owes me an pology! Match the verbs in I to a word or phrase
  in II to form expressions 1. stay b. at a hotel / at a youth
  hostel

  2. go a. on holiday

  3. hire d. a car

  4. go e. sightseeing

  5. book c. a ticket / a room Use the expressions in the previous
  exercise to complete the sentences below. 1. I don’t want to take
  buses. Let’s hire a car

  2. Young people who haven’t got the money for hotels often stay
  at a youth hostel

  3. Where are you planning to go on holiday this summer?

  4. I’d love to go sightseeing today. What is there to see around
  here?

  5. Hello, I’d like to book a room for the night of 20th July.
  Complete the passage with the words and phrases below.

  luggage accommodation airlines departure time flight passengers
  delayed overnight

  Sleeping in an airport isn’t the most conformable form of
  accommodation , but it’s becoming more common. If your departure
  time is 4 am, it’s hardly worth the money to book a hotel for the
  night. And what if you get to the airport only to find that your
  flight has been delayed ? In the past, airlines provided free
  hotels for passengers when this happened, but nowadays this is
  rare. However, sleeping at an airport doesn’t have to be torture.
  The Mini Motel, created by business traveller Frank Giotto after an
  overnight stay at a German airport, weighs only two kilos and is
  small enough to fit into your luggage It’s a one-person tent
  complete with air mattress, pillow, reading light and alarm
  clock.

  Choose the sentence that best follows the original. Many budget
  airlines charge an extra fee for luggage.

  a. For this reason, some people take their own food on
  flights.

  b. That’s why some people travel with small bags only. 2. The
  two passengers were badly injured in the accident.

  a. Both of them had been driving too fast.

  b. They were both in the back seat of the car.

  3. I wasn’t aware of the problem.

  a. I’m glad you told me.

  b. I didn’t think it was so serious.

  4. I was delayed by traffic yesterday.

  a. I hadn’t expected the roads to be so empty.

  b. I missed the beginning of the ceremony.

  5. Keep in mind that Pierre isn’t fluent in English.

• 5

  a. He may have misunderstood what you said. b. It is not
  something you need to think about. 6. The departure time is
  15:00.

  a. However, we must be at the station early to buy tickets.

  b. l.et’s be on time to meet Lena when she gets off the
  train.

  Complete the dialogue with the words and phrases below.

  go sightseeing flights airline book a room return ticket
  hotel

  accommodation youth hostel go abroad holiday Susan: How about
  going to Greece for our summer holiday? There are flights to Athens
  now for only f79! Michelle: That’s such a low price. It must be
  only for one way. Susan: No, it’s definitely a return ticket
  Michelle: Which airline is offering that? Susan: It’s called Wings.
  Let’s go online and book seats! Michelle: Great! I’ve always wanted
  to go on holiday to Greece! Where do you think we should stay?
  Susan: I’m sure we can get cheap accommodation _ maybe we can stay
  at a youth hostel rather than at a

  fancy hotel Michelle: Great idea. Let’s try to book a room
  online. Susan: Do you think we will need a car? Michelle: No. We
  won’t need one. We’ll be able to go sightseeing on foot or by bus.
  Susan: You’re right. OK. Let’s do it. Let’s make arrangements to go
  abroad this summer!

In a
sentence or text you have to change the form of a word, e.g. from a noun to an
adjective, or from a verb to a noun. For example:

The
_____ was very nervous. (sing)

You
have to complete the sentence with the person noun (singer). You change
the verb (sing) into the person noun (singer).

·        
Look at the word you have to change. Which words do you know that
are in the same word family?

·        
The beginning of the word is often the same and the end of the
word changes.

·        
What form is the new word? A verb? A noun? An adjective? An
adverb?

·        
Nouns often end: -ment, -ion, -ness, -ity.

·        
People nouns often end: -er, -or, -ist, -ian.

·        
Adjectives often end: -able, -ible, -ive, -al, -ic, -ed, -ing.

·        
Some verbs end: -ise, -ate, -en.

·        
Adverbs often end: -ly.

·        
Is the new word negative? If so, you may need a prefix, e.g. un- (unhappy),
im- (impolite), in- (inexperienced), dis- (dishonest),
etc.

·        
If you don’t know the new word, guess. You
may be right!

There are many word beginnings (prefixes) and word
endings (suffixes) that can be added to a word to change its meaning or its
word class. The most common ones are shown here, followed by examples of how
they are used in the process of word formation. More can be found in the
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.

Verb Formation

The endings ize and ify can be added to nouns and
adjectives to form verbs.

Noun + ize = Verb

American + ize = Americanize Legal + ize = legalize

This will make the factory more modern. This will
modernize the factory. Adjective + ize = Verb

 False + ify = Falsify Humid + ify = humidify

These tablets make the water pure. They purify the
water.

Adverb Formation

The ending ly can be added to most adjectives to form
adverbs.

Adjective + ly = Adverb

Easy + ly = easily His behaviour was stupid. He
behaved stupidly

Noun Formation

The endings er, ment, and ation can be added to many
verbs to form nouns.

Verb + er = Noun Fasten + er = faster Open
+ er = opener

John drives a bus. He is a bus driver.

Amaze + ment = amazement Retire + ment = retirement

Children develop very quickly. Their development is
very quick.

Admire + ation = admiration Organize + ation =
organization

The doctor examined me. The doctor gave me an
examination.

The endings ity/ty and ness can be added to many
adjectives to form nouns.

 Stupid + ity = stupidity Don’t be so cruel. I hate
cruelty

Adjective Formation

The endings y, ic, ical, ful, and less can be added to
many nouns to form adjectives. The ending able can be added to many verbs to
form adjectives.

Noun + y = Adjective Dirt + y = dirty

That was an awful smell. It was very smelly.

Atom + ic = atomic That was a book of poetry. It was a
poetic book.

Hope + ful = hopeful His broken leg caused pain. It
was very painful.

Care + less = careless The operation didn’t cause
pain. It was painless.

Verb + able = Adjective Love + able = lovable You can
wash this coat.

It’s washable Opposites Prefixes added to the front of
many words can produce an opposite meaning. un + fortunate = unfortunate I’m
not very happy. In fact I’m very unhappy.

 Put the correct
form of the word in brackets into the blank .

1. The results were very strange! In fact,
they were ___________________ ! (BELIEVE)

2. He has an unfortunate
___________________ to understand people’s feelings (ABLE)

3. Due to the clerk’s
______________________ we missed the train (STUBBORN)

4. What we saw was beyond all
______________________ (EXPECT)

5. She is a student of the
______________________ (HUMAN)

6. The book contains some great
______________________ (ILLUSTRATE)

7. Please give us details of your present
______________________ (OCCUPY)

8. What is the ______________________ of
the Danube River (LONG)

9. The ______________________ of our
agriculture is important if we want to produce more food (MECHANIC)

10. Drug ______________________ is a
problem causing great concern (ADDICT)

11. The ______________________ of the
awards is scheduled for next Friday (PRESENT)

12. I have been sworn to
______________________ so I can’t say a word (SECRET)

13. After losing her job she was
______________________ for a month (EMPLOY)

14. Pushing into a queue is considered to
be extremely ______________________ (POLITE)

15. The audience gave the violinist a
round of ______________________ (APPLAUD)

16. He isn’t happy with his job because he
feels he is ______________________ (PAY)

17. We have just been shown another
example of ______________________ killing (SENSE)

18. My sister’s ______________________
makes hers social life difficult (SHY)

19. I’m not sure at all I really can’t say
with ______________________ (CERTAIN)

20. My ______________________ is the
history of Elizabethan England (SPECIAL)

21. The police were told by their
______________________ where to find the criminal (INFORM)

22. He received many medals for his acts
of ______________________ during the war (HERO)

23. The ______________________ of the
company is said to be dangerous to small firms (EXPAND)

24. For all of us, Marilyn Monroe was the
______________________ of beauty (PERSON)

25. I can guarantee the ______________________
of our new product (RELY)

26. The government is encouraging heavy
______________________ (INVEST)

27. People who suffer from
______________________ should buy themselves a pet (LONELY)

28. George and I have been friends since
______________________ (CHILD)

29. Everybody is worried about the
______________________ of the rain forest (DESTROY)

30. Some MPs are calling for
______________________ without trial (DETAIN)

31. My grandfather was given a medal for ______________________
(BRAVE)

32. My father takes great
______________________ in his work (PROUD)

33. This bag contains all my photographic
______________________ (EQUIP)

34. ______________________ is probably the
most useful form of energy (ELECTRIC)

35. John turned up on the wrong day
because of a ______________________ (UNDERSTAND)

36. Jake had another
______________________ with his boss (AGREE)

37. The bank robbers were sentenced to
twelve years of ______________________ (PRISON)

38. Mary suddenly felt sick, so we needed
a ______________________ for her part in the play (REPLACE)

39. Failure to apply in time may result in
a ______________________ of benefits (LOSE)

40.
Pat was accused of stealing some ______________________ documents (CONFIDENT)

 Put the correct
form of the word in brackets into the blank.

1. In the future the public will have a
wider __________________ of television programs. (CHOOSE)

2. Looking after the health of 700
children is heavy ______________________ . (RESPONSIBLE)

3. The town spent more money on
__________________ and health than ever before (HOUSE)

4. Do you have any particular
__________________ where we sit? (PREFER)

5. There’s a __________________ contrast
between what he does and what he says. (STRIKE)

6. The party turned out to be a huge
______________________ (DISAPPOINT)

7. He was fined and __________________ for
reckless driving (QUALIFY).

8. Is it possible to remove the smell from
the books that have been in _______________ for such a long time? (STORE)

9. Many people are interested in job
__________________ more than in earning large amount of money (SATISFY).

10. I hadn’t made a __________________ ,
so I just got on the first flight available. (RESERVE)

11. The anti-doping association believes
that all sports must be free of drug __________________ (USE).

12. The country is facing a population
__________________ . (EXPLODE)

13. It is __________________ to fasten
your seat-belts before take-off (ADVISE)

14. She claimed __________________ benefit
for over six months. (EMPLOY)

15. Tax __________________ is one of the
biggest problems that face the new country. (EVADE)

16. You can basically wear what you want
but there is an _____________ law that says you must not wear jeans. (WRITE)

17. The __________________ course is being
paid for by the company. (MANAGE)

18. It’s a __________________ shame that
she didn’t have a better chance in life. (CRY)

19. The farm house we stayed in was
completely off the __________________ track. (BEAT)

20. The police searched the house
_______________________ . (SYSTEM)

21. He is a __________________ -paid
senior executive. (HIGH)

22. A full-scale ____________________ of
our company is urgently needed (ORGANIZE)

23. Are we going to be saved
__________________ by our oil supplies? (ECONOMY)

24. Experts have tried to find a
__________________ to the personnel problems. (SOLVE)

25. She’s a specialist in psychology and
human __________________ . (BEHAVE)

26. The __________________ of the most
important port of the country eliminated all trade. (BLOCK)

27. The __________________ system of some
countries used to be based on gold. (MONEY)

28. He recovered from his injuries in the
__________________ hospital (NAVY)

29. He has loved her __________________
ever since they first met. (PASSION)

30. The importance of this
__________________ has been extremely overrated. (INVENT)

31. He is a convinced __________________
of Chinese communism (FOLLOW)

32. Jane’s party was more of an
__________________ test than anything else. (ENDURE)

33. The government has committed itself to
developing __________________ sources of energy. (NEW)

34. He took a job as a sales
__________________ in a big department store. (ASSIST)

35. The potential benefits of this
treatment __________________ the risks. (WEIGH)

36. Make sure the hairdryer is
__________________ before you fix the switch. (CONNECT)

37. They say that travel
__________________ the mind. (BROAD)

38. Without his teacher’s __________________
he would have given up long ago. (ENCOURAGE)

39. Dickens’s last novel was
__________________ The Mystery of Edwin Drood. (TITLE)

40.
She has known me for two years now but she still __________________ my name. (PRONOUNCE)