“The visionary starts with a clean sheet of paper, and re-imagines the world” – Malcolm Gladwell
This post provides a complete guide to using the Excel VBA Worksheet in Excel VBA. If you want to know how to do something quickly then check out the quick guide to the VBA Worksheet below.
If you are new to VBA then this post is a great place to start. I like to break things down into simple terms and explain them in plain English without the jargon.
You can read through the post from start to finish as it is written in a logical order. If you prefer, you can use the table of contents below and go directly to the topic of your choice.
A Quick Guide to the VBA Worksheet
The following table gives a quick run down to the different worksheet methods.
Note: I use Worksheets in the table below without specifying the workbook i.e.Worksheets rather than ThisWorkbook.Worksheets, wk.Worksheets etc. This is to make the examples clear and easy to read. You should always specify the workbook when using Worksheets. Otherwise the active workbook will be used by default.
| Task | How to |
|---|---|
| Access worksheet by name | Worksheets(«Sheet1») |
| Access worksheet by position from left | Worksheets(2) Worksheets(4) |
| Access the left most worksheet | Worksheets(1) |
| Access the right most worksheet | Worksheets(Worksheets.Count) |
| Access using worksheet code name(current workbook only) | see Code Name section below |
| Access using worksheet code name(other workbook) | see Code Name section below |
| Access the active worksheet | ActiveSheet |
| Declare worksheet variable | Dim sh As Worksheet |
| Assign worksheet variable | Set sh = Worksheets(«Sheet1») |
| Add worksheet | Worksheets.Add |
| Add worksheet and assign to variable | Set sh =Worksheets.Add |
| Add worksheet to first position(left) | Worksheets.Add Before:=Worksheets(1) |
| Add worksheet to last position(right) | Worksheets.Add after:=Worksheets(Worksheets.Count) |
| Add multiple worksheets | Worksheets.Add Count:=3 |
| Activate Worksheet | sh.Activate |
| Copy Worksheet | sh.Copy |
| Copy after a worksheet | sh1.Copy After:=Sh2 |
| Copy before a worksheet | sh1.Copy Before:=Sh2 |
| Delete Worksheet | sh.Delete |
| Delete Worksheet without warning | Application.DisplayAlerts = False sh.Delete Application.DisplayAlerts = True |
| Change worksheet name | sh.Name = «Data» |
| Show/hide worksheet | sh.Visible = xlSheetHidden sh.Visible = xlSheetVisible |
| Loop through all worksheets(For) | Dim i As Long For i = 1 To Worksheets.Count Debug.Print Worksheets(i).Name Next i |
| Loop through all worksheets(For Each) | Dim sh As Worksheet For Each sh In Worksheets Debug.Print sh.Name Next |
Introduction
The three most important elements of VBA are the Workbook, the Worksheet and Cells. Of all the code your write, 90% will involve one or all of them.
The most common use of the worksheet in VBA is for accessing its cells. You may use it to protect, hide, add, move or copy a worksheet. However, you will mainly use it to perform some action on one or more cells on the worksheet.
Using Worksheets is more straightforward than using workbooks. With workbooks you may need to open them, find which folder they are in, check if they are in use and so on. With a worksheet, it either exists in the workbook or it doesn’t.
Accessing the Worksheet
In VBA, each workbook has a collection of worksheets. There is an entry in this collection for each worksheet in the workbook. This collection is simply called Worksheets and is used in a very similar way to the Workbooks collection. To get access to a worksheet all you have to do is supply the name.
The code below writes “Hello World” in Cell A1 of Sheet1, Sheet2 and Sheet3 of the current workbook.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Public Sub WriteToCell1() ' Write To cell A1 In Sheet1,Sheet2 And Sheet3 ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1") = "Hello World" ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet2").Range("A1") = "Hello World" ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet3").Range("A1") = "Hello World" End Sub
The Worksheets collection is always belong to a workbook. If we don’t specify the workbook then the active workbook is used by default.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Public Sub WriteToCell1() ' Worksheets refers to the worksheets in the active workbook Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1") = "Hello World" Worksheets("Sheet2").Range("A1") = "Hello World" Worksheets("Sheet3").Range("A1") = "Hello World" End Sub
Hide Worksheet
The following examples show how to hide and unhide a worksheet
ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Visible = xlSheetHidden ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Visible = xlSheetVisible
If you want to prevent a user accessing the worksheet, you can make it “very hidden”. This means it can only be made visible by the code.
' Hide from user access ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Visible = xlVeryHidden ' This is the only way to make a xlVeryHidden sheet visible ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Visible = xlSheetVisible
Protect Worksheet
Another example of using the worksheet is when you want to protect it
ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Protect Password:="MyPass" ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Unprotect Password:="MyPass"
Subscript Out of Range
When you use Worksheets you may get the error:
Run-time Error 9 Subscript out of Range
This means you tried to access a worksheet that doesn’t exist. This may happen for the following reasons
- The worksheet name given to Worksheets is spelled incorrectly.
- The name of the worksheet has changed.
- The worksheet was deleted.
- The index was to large e.g. You used Worksheets(5) but there are only four worksheets
- The wrong workbook is being used e.g. Workbooks(“book1.xlsx”).Worksheets(“Sheet1”) instead of Workbooks(“book3.xlsx”).Worksheets(“Sheet1”).
If you still have issues then use one of the loops from Loop Through The Worksheets section to print the names of all worksheets the collection.
Using the Index to Access the Worksheet
So far we have been using the sheet name to access the sheet. The index refers to the sheet tab position in the workbook. As the position can easily be changed by the user it is not a good idea to use this.
The following code shows examples of using the index
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ ' Using this code is a bad idea as ' sheet positions changes all the time Public Sub UseSheetIdx() With ThisWorkbook ' Left most sheet Debug.Print .Worksheets(1).Name ' The third sheet from the left Debug.Print .Worksheets(3).Name ' Right most sheet Debug.Print .Worksheets(.Worksheets.Count).Name End With End Sub
In the example above, I used Debug.Print to print to the Immediate Window. To view this window select View->Immediate Window(or Ctrl G)
Using the Code Name of a Worksheet
The best method of accessing the worksheet is using the code name. Each worksheet has a sheet name and a code name. The sheet name is the name that appears in the worksheet tab in Excel.
Changing the sheet name does not change the code name meaning that referencing a sheet by the code name is a good idea.
If you look in the VBE property window you will see both names. In the image you can see that the code name is the name outside the parenthesis and the sheet name is in the parenthesis.
You can change both the sheet name and the code name in the property window of the sheet(see image below).
If your code refers to the code name then the user can change the name of the sheet and it will not affect your code. In the example below we reference the worksheet directly using the code name.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Public Sub UseCodeName2() ' Using the code name of the worksheet Debug.Print CodeName.Name CodeName.Range("A1") = 45 CodeName.Visible = True End Sub
This makes the code easy to read and safe from the user changing the sheet name.
Code Name in other Workbooks
There is one drawback to using the code name. It can only refer to worksheets in the workbook that contains the code i.e. ThisWorkbook.
However, we can use a simple function to find the code name of a worksheet in a different workbook.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Public Sub UseSheet() Dim sh As Worksheet ' Get the worksheet using the codename Set sh = SheetFromCodeName("CodeName", ThisWorkbook) ' Use the worksheet Debug.Print sh.Name End Sub ' This function gets the worksheet object from the Code Name Public Function SheetFromCodeName(Name As String, bk As Workbook) As Worksheet Dim sh As Worksheet For Each sh In bk.Worksheets If sh.CodeName = Name Then Set SheetFromCodeName = sh Exit For End If Next sh End Function
Using the above code means that if the user changes the name of the worksheet then your code will not be affected.
There is another way of getting the sheet name of an external workbook using the code name. You can use the VBProject element of that Workbook.
You can see how to do this in the example below. I have included this for completeness only and I would recommend using the method in the previous example rather than this one.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Public Function SheetFromCodeName2(codeName As String _ , bk As Workbook) As Worksheet ' Get the sheet name from the CodeName using the VBProject Dim sheetName As String sheetName = bk.VBProject.VBComponents(codeName).Properties("Name") ' Use the sheet name to get the worksheet object Set SheetFromCodeName2 = bk.Worksheets(sheetName) End Function
Code Name Summary
The following is a quick summary of using the Code Name
- The code name of the worksheet can be used directly in the code e.g. Sheet1.Range
- The code name will still work if the worksheet name is changed.
- The code name can only be used for worksheets in the same workbook as the code.
- Anywhere you see ThisWorkbook.Worksheets(“sheetname”) you can replace it with the code name of the worksheet.
- You can use the SheetFromCodeName function from above to get the code name of worksheets in other workbooks.
The Active Sheet
The ActiveSheet object refers to the worksheet that is currently active. You should only use ActiveSheet if you have a specific need to refer to the worksheet that is active.
Otherwise you should specify the worksheet you are using.
If you use a worksheet method like Range and don’t mention the worksheet, it will use the active worksheet by default.
' Write to Cell A1 in the active sheet ActiveSheet.Range("A1") = 99 ' Active sheet is the default if no sheet used Range("A1") = 99
Declaring a Worksheet Object
Declaring a worksheet object is useful for making your code neater and easier to read.
The next example shows code for updating ranges of cells. The first Sub does not declare a worksheet object. The second sub declares a worksheet object and the code is therefore much clearer.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Public Sub SetRangeVals() Debug.Print ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Name ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1") = 6 ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("B2:B9").Font.Italic = True ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("B2:B9").Interior.Color = rgbRed End Sub
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Public Sub SetRangeValsObj() Dim sht As Worksheet Set sht = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1") sht.Range("A1") = 6 sht.Range("B2:B9").Font.Italic = True sht.Range("B2:B9").Interior.Color = rgbRed End Sub
You could also use the With keyword with the worksheet object as the next example shows.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Public Sub SetRangeValsObjWith() Dim sht As Worksheet Set sht = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1") With sht .Range("A1") = 6 .Range("B2:B9").Font.Italic = True .Range("B2:B9").Interior.Color = rgbRed End With End Sub
Accessing the Worksheet in a Nutshell
With all the different ways to access a worksheet, you may be feeling overwhelmed or confused. So in this section, I am going to break it down into simple terms
1. If you want to use whichever worksheet is currently active then use ActiveSheet.
ActiveSheet.Range("A1") = 55
2. If the worksheet is in the same workbook as the code then use the Code Name.
Sheet1.Range("A1") = 55
3. If the worksheet is in a different workbook then first get workbook and then get the worksheet.
' Get workbook Dim wk As Workbook Set wk = Workbooks.Open("C:DocsAccounts.xlsx", ReadOnly:=True) ' Then get worksheet Dim sh As Worksheet Set sh = wk.Worksheets("Sheet1")
If you want to protect against the user changing the sheet name then use the SheetFromCodeName function from the Code Name section.
' Get workbook Dim wk As Workbook Set wk = Workbooks.Open("C:DocsAccounts.xlsx", ReadOnly:=True) ' Then get worksheet Dim sh As Worksheet Set sh = SheetFromCodeName("sheetcodename",wk)
Add Worksheet
The examples in this section show you how to add a new worksheet to a workbook. If you do not supply any arguments to the Add function then the new worksheet will be placed before the active worksheet.
When you add a Worksheet, it is created with a default name like “Sheet4”. If you want to change the name then you can easily do this using the Name property.
The following example adds a new worksheet and changes the name to “Accounts”. If a worksheet with the name “Accounts” already exists then you will get an error.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Public Sub AddSheet() Dim sht As Worksheet ' Adds new sheet before active sheet Set sht = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets.Add ' Set the name of sheet sht.Name = "Accounts" ' Adds 3 new sheets before active sheet ThisWorkbook.Worksheets.Add Count:=3 End Sub
In the previous example, you are adding worksheets in relation to the active worksheet. You can also specify the exact position to place the worksheet.
To do this you need to specify which worksheet the new one should be inserted before or after. The following code shows you how to do this.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Public Sub AddSheetFirstLast() Dim shtNew As Worksheet Dim shtFirst As Worksheet, shtLast As Worksheet With ThisWorkbook Set shtFirst = .Worksheets(1) Set shtLast = .Worksheets(.Worksheets.Count) ' Adds new sheet to first position in the workbook Set shtNew = Worksheets.Add(Before:=shtFirst) shtNew.Name = "FirstSheet" ' Adds new sheet to last position in the workbook Set shtNew = Worksheets.Add(After:=shtLast) shtNew.Name = "LastSheet" End With End Sub
Delete Worksheet
To delete a worksheet you simply call the Delete member.
Dim sh As Worksheet Set sh = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet12") sh.Delete
Excel will display a warning message when you delete a worksheet. If you want to hide this message you can use the code below
Application.DisplayAlerts = False sh.Delete Application.DisplayAlerts = True
There are two issues to watch out for when it comes to deleting worksheets.
If you try to access the worksheet after deleting it you will get the “Subscript out of Range” error we saw in the Accessing the Worksheet section.
Dim sh As Worksheet Set sh = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet2") sh.Delete ' This line will give 'Subscript out of Range' as "Sheet2" does not exist Set sh = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet2")
The second issue is when you assign a worksheet variable. If you try to use this variable after the worksheet is deleted then you will get an Automation error like this
Run-Time error -21147221080 (800401a8′) Automation Error
If you are using the Code Name of the worksheet rather than a variable, then this will cause Excel to crash rather than give the automation error.
The following example shows how an automation errors occurs
sh.Delete ' This line will give Automation error Debug.Assert sh.Name
If you assign the Worksheet variable to a valid worksheet it will work fine
sh.Delete ' Assign sh to another worksheet Set sh = Worksheets("sheet3") ' This line will work fine Debug.Assert sh.Name
Loop Through the Worksheets
The Worksheets member of Workbooks is a collection of worksheets belonging to a workbook. You can go through each sheet in the worksheets collection using a For Each Loop or a For Loop.
The following example uses a For Each loop.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Public Sub LoopForEach() ' Writes "Hello World" into cell A1 for each worksheet Dim sht As Worksheet For Each sht In ThisWorkbook.Worksheets sht.Range("A1") = "Hello World" Next sht End Sub
The next example uses the standard For loop
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Public Sub LoopFor() ' Writes "Hello World" into cell A1 for each worksheet Dim i As Long For i = 1 To ThisWorkbook.Worksheets.Count ThisWorkbook.Worksheets(i).Range("A1") = "Hello World" Next sht End Sub
You have seen how to access all open workbooks and how to access all worksheets in ThisWorkbook. Lets take it one step further. Lets access all worksheets in all open workbooks.
Note: If you use code like this to write to worksheets then back everything up first as you could end up writing the incorrect data to all the sheets.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Public Sub AllSheetNames() ' Prints the workbook and sheet names for ' all sheets in open workbooks Dim wrk As Workbook Dim sht As Worksheet For Each wrk In Workbooks For Each sht In wrk.Worksheets Debug.Print wrk.Name + ":" + sht.Name Next sht Next wrk End Sub
Using the Sheets Collection
The workbook has another collection similar to Worksheets called Sheets. This causes confusion at times among users. To explain this first you need to know about a sheet type that is a chart.
It is possible in Excel to have a sheet that is a chart. To do this
- Create a chart on any sheet.
- Right click on the chart and select Move.
- Select the first option which is “New Sheet” and click Ok.
Now you have a workbook with sheets of type worksheet and one of type chart.
- The Worksheets collection refers to all worksheets in a workbook. It does not include sheets of type chart.
- The Sheets collection refers to all sheets belonging to a workbook including sheets of type chart.
There are two code examples below. The first goes through all the Sheets in a workbook and prints the name of the sheet and type of sheet it is. The second example does the same with the Worksheets collection.
To try out these examples you should add a Chart sheet to your workbook first so you will see the difference.
' https://excelmacromastery.com/ Public Sub CollSheets() Dim sht As Variant ' Display the name and type of each sheet For Each sht In ThisWorkbook.Sheets Debug.Print sht.Name & " is type " & TypeName(sht) Next sht End Sub Public Sub CollWorkSheets() Dim sht As Variant ' Display the name and type of each sheet For Each sht In ThisWorkbook.Worksheets Debug.Print sht.Name & " is type " & TypeName(sht) Next sht End Sub
If do not have chart sheets then using the Sheets collection is the same as using the Worksheets collection.
Conclusion
This concludes the post on the VBA Worksheet. I hope you found it useful.
The three most important elements of Excel VBA are Workbooks, Worksheets and Ranges and Cells. These elements will be used in almost everything you do. Understanding them will make you life much easier and make learning VBA much simpler.
What’s Next?
Free VBA Tutorial If you are new to VBA or you want to sharpen your existing VBA skills then why not try out the The Ultimate VBA Tutorial.
Related Training: Get full access to the Excel VBA training webinars and all the tutorials.
(NOTE: Planning to build or manage a VBA Application? Learn how to build 10 Excel VBA applications from scratch.)
Object Hierarchy | Collections | Properties and Methods
Learn more about the Workbook and Worksheet object in Excel VBA.
Object Hierarchy
In Excel VBA, an object can contain another object, and that object can contain another object, etc. In other words, Excel VBA programming involves working with an object hierarchy. This probably sounds quite confusing, but we will make it clear.
The mother of all objects is Excel itself. We call it the Application object. The application object contains other objects. For example, the Workbook object (Excel file). This can be any workbook you have created. The Workbook object contains other objects, such as the Worksheet object. The Worksheet object contains other objects, such as the Range object.
The Create a Macro chapter illustrates how to run code by clicking on a command button. We used the following code line:
Range(«A1»).Value = «Hello»
but what we really meant was:
Application.Workbooks(«create-a-macro»).Worksheets(1).Range(«A1»).Value = «Hello»
Note: the objects are connected with a dot. Fortunately, we do not have to add a code line this way. That is because we placed our command button in create-a-macro.xlsm, on the first worksheet. Be aware that if you want to change things on different worksheets, you have to include the Worksheet object. Read on.
Collections
You may have noticed that Workbooks and Worksheets are both plural. That is because they are collections. The Workbooks collection contains all the Workbook objects that are currently open. The Worksheets collection contains all the Worksheet objects in a workbook.
You can refer to a member of the collection, for example, a single Worksheet object, in three ways.
1. Using the worksheet name.
Worksheets(«Sales»).Range(«A1»).Value = «Hello»
2. Using the index number (1 is the first worksheet starting from the left).
Worksheets(1).Range(«A1»).Value = «Hello»
3. Using the CodeName.
Sheet1.Range(«A1»).Value = «Hello»
To see the CodeName of a worksheet, open the Visual Basic Editor. In the Project Explorer, the first name is the CodeName. The second name is the worksheet name (Sales).
Note: the CodeName remains the same if you change the worksheet name or the order of your worksheets so this is the safest way to reference a worksheet. Click View, Properties Window to change the CodeName of a worksheet. There is one disadvantage, you cannot use the CodeName if you reference a worksheet in a different workbook.
Properties and Methods
Now let’s take a look at some properties and methods of the Workbooks and Worksheets collection. Properties are something which an collection has (they describe the collection), while methods do something (they perform an action with an collection).
Place a command button on your worksheet and add the code lines:
1. The Add method of the Workbooks collection creates a new workbook.
Workbooks.Add
Note: the Add method of the Worksheets collection creates a new worksheet.
2. The Count property of the Worksheets collection counts the number of worksheets in a workbook.
MsgBox Worksheets.Count
Result when you click the command button on the sheet:
Note: the Count property of the Workbooks collection counts the number of active workbooks.
Apart from cells and ranges, working with worksheets is another area you should know about to use VBA efficiently in Excel.
Just like any object in VBA, worksheets have different properties and methods associated with it that you can use while automating your work with VBA in Excel.
In this tutorial, I will cover ‘Worksheets’ in detail and also show you some practical examples.
So let’s get started.
All the codes I mention in this tutorial need to be placed in the VB Editor. Go to the ‘Where to Put the VBA Code‘ section to know how it works.
If you’re interested in learning VBA the easy way, check out my Online Excel VBA Training.
Difference between Worksheets and Sheets in VBA
In VBA, you have two collections that can be a bit confusing at times.
In a workbook, you can have worksheets and as well as chart sheets. The example below has three worksheets and one chart sheet.
In Excel VBA:
- The ‘Worksheets’ collection would refer to the collection of all the worksheet objects in a workbook. In the above example, the Worksheets collection would consist of three worksheets.
- The ‘Sheets’ collection would refer to all the worksheets as well as chart sheets in the workbook. In the above example, it would have four elements – 3 Worksheets + 1 Chart sheet.
If you have a workbook that only has worksheets and no chart sheets, then ‘Worksheets’ and ‘Sheets’ collection is the same.
But when you have one or more chart sheets, the ‘Sheets’ collection would be bigger than the ‘Worksheets’ collection
Sheets = Worksheets + Chart Sheets
Now with this distinction, I recommend being as specific as possible when writing a VBA code.
So if you have to refer to worksheets only, use the ‘Worksheets’ collection, and if you have to refer to all sheets (including chart sheets), the use the ‘Sheets’ collection.
In this tutorial, I will be using the ‘Worksheets’ collection only.
Referencing a Worksheet in VBA
There are many different ways you can use to refer to a worksheet in VBA.
Understanding how to refer to worksheets would help you write better code, especially when you’re using loops in your VBA code.
Using the Worksheet Name
The easiest way to refer to a worksheet is to use its name.
For example, suppose you have a workbook with three worksheets – Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3.
And you want to activate Sheet 2.
You can do that using the following code:
Sub ActivateSheet()
Worksheets("Sheet2").Activate
End Sub
The above code asks VBA to refer to Sheet2 in the Worksheets collection and activate it.
Since we are using the exact sheet name, you can also use the Sheets collection here. So the below code would also do that same thing.
Sub ActivateSheet()
Sheets("Sheet2").Activate
End Sub
Using the Index Number
While using the sheet name is an easy way to refer to a worksheet, sometimes, you may not know the exact name of the worksheet.
For example, if you’re using a VBA code to add a new worksheet to the workbook, and you don’t know how many worksheets are already there, you would not know the name of the new worksheet.
In this case, you can use the index number of the worksheets.
Suppose you have the following sheets in a workbook:
The below code would activate Sheet2:
Sub ActivateSheet() Worksheets(2).Activate End Sub
Note that we have used index number 2 in Worksheets(2). This would refer to the second object in the collection of the worksheets.
Now, what happens when you use 3 as the index number?
It will select Sheet3.
If you’re wondering why it selected Sheet3, as it’s clearly the fourth object.
This happens because a chart sheet is not a part of the worksheets collection.
So when we use the index numbers in the Worksheets collection, it will only refer to the worksheets in the workbook (and ignore the chart sheets).
On the contrary, if you’re using Sheets, Sheets(1) would refer to Sheets1, Sheets(2) would refer to Sheet2, Sheets(3) would refer to Chart1 and Sheets(4) would refer to Sheet3.
This technique of using index number is useful when you want to loop through all the worksheets in a workbook. You can count the number of worksheets and then loop through these using this count (we will see how to do this later in this tutorial).
Note: The index number goes from left to right. So if you shift Sheet2 to the left of Sheet1, then Worksheets(1) would refer to Sheet2.
Using the Worksheet Code Name
One of the drawbacks of using the sheet name (as we saw in the section above) is that a user can change it.
And if the sheet name has been changed, your code wouldn’t work until you change the name of the worksheet in the VBA code as well.
To tackle this problem, you can use the code name of the worksheet (instead of the regular name that we have been using so far). A code name can be assigned in the VB Editor and doesn’t change when you change the name of the sheet from the worksheet area.
To give your worksheet a code name, follow the below steps:
- Click the Developer tab.
- Click the Visual Basic button. This will open the VB Editor.
- Click the View option in the menu and click on Project Window. This will make the Properties pane visible. If the Properties pane is already visible, skip this step.
- Click on the sheet name in the project explorer that you want to rename.
- In the Properties pane, change the name in the field in front of (Name). Note that you can’t have spaces in the name.
The above steps would change the name of your Worksheet in the VBA backend. In the Excel worksheet view, you can name the worksheet whatever you want, but in the backend, it will respond to both the names – the sheet name and the code name.
In the above image, the sheet name is ‘SheetName’ and the code name is ‘CodeName’. Even if you change the sheet name on the worksheet, the code name still remains the same.
Now, you can use either the Worksheets collection to refer to the worksheet or use the codename.
For example, both the line will activate the worksheet.
Worksheets("Sheetname").Activate
CodeName.Activate
The difference in these two is that if you change the name of the worksheet, the first one wouldn’t work. But the second line would continue to work even with the changed name. The second line (using the CodeName) is also shorter and easier to use.
Referring to a Worksheet in a Different Workbook
If you want to refer to a worksheet in a different workbook, that workbook needs to be open while the code runs, and you need to specify the name of the workbook and the worksheet that you want to refer to.
For example, if you have a workbook with the name Examples and you want to activate Sheet1 in the Example workbook, you need to use the below code:
Sub SheetActivate()
Workbooks("Examples.xlsx").Worksheets("Sheet1").Activate
End Sub
Note that if the workbook has been saved, you need to use the file name along with the extension. If you’re not sure what name to use, take help from Project Explorer.
In case the workbook has not been saved, you don’t need to use the file extension.
Adding a Worksheet
The below code would add a worksheet (as the first worksheet – i.e., as the leftmost sheet in the sheet tab).
Sub AddSheet() Worksheets.Add End Sub
It takes the default name Sheet2 (or any other number based on how many sheets are already there).
If you want a worksheet to be added before a specific worksheet (say Sheet2), then you can use the below code.
Sub AddSheet()
Worksheets.Add Before:=Worksheets("Sheet2")
End Sub
The above code tells VBA to add a sheet and then uses the ‘Before’ statement to specify the worksheet before which the new worksheet should to be inserted.
Similarly, you can also add a sheet after a worksheet (say Sheet2), using the below code:
Sub AddSheet()
Worksheets.Add After:=Worksheets("Sheet2")
End Sub
If you want the new sheet to be added to the end of the sheets, you need to first know how many sheets are there. The following code first counts the number of sheets, and the adds the new sheet after the last sheet (to which we refer using the index number).
Sub AddSheet() Dim SheetCount As Integer SheetCount = Worksheets.Count Worksheets.Add After:=Worksheets(SheetCount) End Sub
Deleting a Worksheet
The below code would delete the active sheet from the workbook.
Sub DeleteSheet() ActiveSheet.Delete End Sub
The above code would show a warning prompt before deleting the worksheet.
If you don’t want to see the warning prompt, use the below code:
Sub DeleteSheet() Application.DisplayAlerts = False ActiveSheet.Delete Application.DisplayAlerts = True End Sub
When Application.DisplayAlerts is set to False, it will not show you the warning prompt. If you use it, remember to set it back to True at the end of the code.
Remember that you can’t undo this delete, so use the above code when you’re absolutely sure.
If you want to delete a specific sheet, you can do that using the following code:
Sub DeleteSheet()
Worksheets("Sheet2").Delete
End Sub
You can also use the code name of the sheet to delete it.
Sub DeleteSheet() Sheet5.Delete End Sub
Renaming the Worksheets
You can modify the name property of the Worksheet to change its name.
The following code will change the name of Sheet1 to ‘Summary’.
Sub RenameSheet()
Worksheets("Sheet1").Name = "Summary"
End Sub
You can combine this with the adding sheet method to have a set of sheets with specific names.
For example, if you want to insert four sheets with the name 2018 Q1, 2018 Q2, 2018 Q3, and 2018 Q4, you can use the below code.
Sub RenameSheet() Dim Countsheets As Integer Countsheets = Worksheets.Count For i = 1 To 4 Worksheets.Add after:=Worksheets(Countsheets + i - 1) Worksheets(Countsheets + i).Name = "2018 Q" & i Next i End Sub
In the above code, we first count the number of sheets and then use a For Next loop to insert new sheets at the end. As the sheet is added, the code also renames it.
Assigning Worksheet Object to a Variable
When working with worksheets, you can assign a worksheet to an object variable, and then use the variable instead of the worksheet references.
For example, if you want to add a year prefix to all the worksheets, instead of counting the sheets and the running the loop that many numbers of times, you can use the object variable.
Here is the code that will add 2018 as a prefix to all the worksheet’s names.
Sub RenameSheet() Dim Ws As Worksheet For Each Ws In Worksheets Ws.Name = "2018 - " & Ws.Name Next Ws End Sub
The above code declares a variable Ws as the worksheet type (using the line ‘Dim Ws As Worksheet’).
Now, we don’t need to count the number of sheets to loop through these. Instead, we can use ‘For each Ws in Worksheets’ loop. This will allow us to go through all the sheets in the worksheets collection. It doesn’t matter whether there are 2 sheets or 20 sheets.
While the above code allows us to loop through all the sheets, you can also assign a specific sheet to a variable.
In the below code, we assign the variable Ws to Sheet2 and use it to access all of Sheet2’s properties.
Sub RenameSheet()
Dim Ws As Worksheet
Set Ws = Worksheets("Sheet2")
Ws.Name = "Summary"
Ws.Protect
End Sub
Once you set a worksheet reference to an object variable (using the SET statement), that object can be used instead of the worksheet reference. This can be helpful when you have a long complicated code and you want to change the reference. Instead of making the change everywhere, you can simply make the change in the SET statement.
Note that the code declares the Ws object as the Worksheet type variable (using the line Dim Ws as Worksheet).
Hide Worksheets Using VBA (Hidden + Very Hidden)
Hiding and Unhiding worksheets in Excel is a straightforward task.
You can hide a worksheet and the user would not see it when he/she opens the workbook. However, they can easily unhide the worksheet by right-clicking on any sheet tab.
But what if you don’t want them to be able to unhide the worksheet(s).
You can do this using VBA.
The code below would hide all the worksheets in the workbook (except the active sheet), such that you can not unhide it by right-clicking on the sheet name.
Sub HideAllExcetActiveSheet() Dim Ws As Worksheet For Each Ws In ThisWorkbook.Worksheets If Ws.Name <> ActiveSheet.Name Then Ws.Visible = xlSheetVeryHidden Next Ws End Sub
In the above code, the Ws.Visible property is changed to xlSheetVeryHidden.
- When the Visible property is set to xlSheetVisible, the sheet is visible in the worksheet area (as worksheet tabs).
- When the Visible property is set to xlSheetHidden, the sheet is hidden but the user can unhide it by right-clicking on any sheet tab.
- When the Visible property is set to xlSheetVeryHidden, the sheet is hidden and cannot be unhidden from worksheet area. You need to use a VBA code or the properties window to unhide it.
If you want to simply hide sheets, that can be unhidden easily, use the below code:
Sub HideAllExceptActiveSheet() Dim Ws As Worksheet For Each Ws In ThisWorkbook.Worksheets If Ws.Name <> ActiveSheet.Name Then Ws.Visible = xlSheetHidden Next Ws End Sub
The below code would unhide all the worksheets (both hidden and very hidden).
Sub UnhideAllWoksheets() Dim Ws As Worksheet For Each Ws In ThisWorkbook.Worksheets Ws.Visible = xlSheetVisible Next Ws End Sub
Related Article: Unhide All Sheets In Excel (at one go)
Hide Sheets Based on the Text in it
Suppose you have multiple sheets with the name of different departments or years and you want to hide all the sheets except the ones that have the year 2018 in it.
You can do this using a VBA INSTR function.
The below code would hide all the sheets except the ones with the text 2018 in it.
Sub HideWithMatchingText() Dim Ws As Worksheet For Each Ws In Worksheets If InStr(1, Ws.Name, "2018", vbBinaryCompare) = 0 Then Ws.Visible = xlSheetHidden End If Next Ws End Sub
In the above code, the INSTR function returns the position of the character where it finds the matching string. If it doesn’t find the matching string, it returns 0.
The above code checks whether the name has the text 2018 in it. If it does, nothing happens, else the worksheet is hidden.
You can take this a step further by having the text in a cell and using that cell in the code. This will allow you to have a value in the cell and then when you run the macro, all the sheets, except the one with the matching text in it, would remain visible (along with the sheets where you’re entering the value in the cell).
Sorting the Worksheets in an Alphabetical Order
Using VBA, you can quickly sort the worksheets based on their names.
For example, if you have a workbook that has sheets for different department or years, then you can use the below code to quickly sort these sheets in an ascending order.
Sub SortSheetsTabName() Application.ScreenUpdating = False Dim ShCount As Integer, i As Integer, j As Integer ShCount = Sheets.Count For i = 1 To ShCount - 1 For j = i + 1 To ShCount If Sheets(j).Name < Sheets(i).Name Then Sheets(j).Move before:=Sheets(i) End If Next j Next i Application.ScreenUpdating = True End Sub
Note that this code works well with text names and in most of the cases with years and numbers too. But it can give you the wrong results in case you have the sheet names as 1,2,11. It will sort and give you the sequence 1, 11, 2. This is because it does the comparison as text and considers 2 bigger than 11.
Protect/Unprotect All the Sheets at One Go
If you have a lot of worksheets in a workbook and you want to protect all the sheets, you can use the VBA code below.
It allows you to specify the password within the code. You will need this password to unprotect the worksheet.
Sub ProtectAllSheets() Dim ws As Worksheet Dim password As String password = "Test123" 'replace Test123 with the password you want For Each ws In Worksheets ws.Protect password:=password Next ws End Sub
The following code would unprotect all the sheets in one go.
Sub ProtectAllSheets() Dim ws As Worksheet Dim password As String password = "Test123" 'replace Test123 with the password you used while protecting For Each ws In Worksheets ws.Unprotect password:=password Next ws End Sub
Creating a Table of Contents of All Worksheets (with Hyperlinks)
If you have a set of worksheets in the workbook and you want to quickly insert a summary sheet which has the links to all the sheets, you can use the below code.
Sub AddIndexSheet() Worksheets.Add ActiveSheet.Name = "Index" For i = 2 To Worksheets.Count ActiveSheet.Hyperlinks.Add Anchor:=Cells(i - 1, 1), _ Address:="", SubAddress:=Worksheets(i).Name & "!A1", _ TextToDisplay:=Worksheets(i).Name Next i End Sub
The above code inserts a new worksheet and names it Index.
It then loops through all the worksheets and creates a hyperlink for all the worksheets in the Index sheet.
Where to Put the VBA Code
Wondering where the VBA code goes in your Excel workbook?
Excel has a VBA backend called the VBA editor. You need to copy and paste the code into the VB Editor module code window.
Here are the steps to do this:
- Go to the Developer tab.
- Click on the Visual Basic option. This will open the VB editor in the backend.
- In the Project Explorer pane in the VB Editor, right-click on any object for the workbook in which you want to insert the code. If you don’t see the Project Explorer go to the View tab and click on Project Explorer.
- Go to Insert and click on Module. This will insert a module object for your workbook.
- Copy and paste the code in the module window.
You May Also Like the Following Excel VBA Tutorials:
- Working with Workbooks using VBA.
- Using IF Then Else Statements in VBA.
- For Next Loop in VBA.
- Creating a User-Defined Function in Excel.
- How to Record a Macro in Excel.
- How to Run a Macro in Excel.
- Excel VBA Events – An Easy (and Complete) Guide.
- How to Create an Add-in in Excel.
- How to Save and Reuse Macro using Excel Personal Macro Workbook.
- Using Active Cell in VBA in Excel (Examples)
- How to Open Excel Files Using VBA (Examples)
Создание, копирование, перемещение и удаление рабочих листов Excel с помощью кода VBA. Методы Sheets.Add, Worksheet.Copy, Worksheet.Move и Worksheet.Delete.
Создание новых листов
Создание новых рабочих листов осуществляется с помощью метода Sheets.Add.
Синтаксис метода Sheets.Add
expression.Add [Before, After, Count, Type]
где expression — переменная, представляющая собой объект Sheet.
Компоненты метода Sheets.Add
- Before* — необязательный параметр типа данных Variant, указывающий на лист, перед которым будет добавлен новый.
- After* — необязательный параметр типа данных Variant, указывающий на лист, после которого будет добавлен новый.
- Count — необязательный параметр типа данных Variant, указывающий, сколько листов будет добавлено (по умолчанию — 1).
- Type — необязательный параметр типа данных Variant, указывающий тип листа: xlWorksheet** (рабочий лист) или xlChart (диаграмма), по умолчанию — xlWorksheet.
*Если Before и After не указаны, новый лист, по умолчанию, будет добавлен перед активным листом.
**Для создания рабочего листа (xlWorksheet) можно использовать метод Worksheets.Add, который для создания диаграмм уже не подойдет.
Примеры создания листов
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‘Создание рабочего листа: Sheets.Add Worksheets.Add ThisWorkbook.Sheets.Add After:=ActiveSheet, Count:=2 Workbooks(«Книга1.xlsm»).Sheets.Add After:=Лист1 Workbooks(«Книга1.xlsm»).Sheets.Add After:=Worksheets(1) Workbooks(«Книга1.xlsm»).Sheets.Add After:=Worksheets(«Лист1») ‘Создание нового листа с заданным именем: Workbooks(«Книга1.xlsm»).Sheets.Add.Name = «Мой новый лист» ‘Создание диаграммы: Sheets.Add Type:=xlChart ‘Добавление нового листа перед ‘последним листом рабочей книги Sheets.Add Before:=Sheets(Sheets.Count) ‘Добавление нового листа в конец Sheets.Add After:=Sheets(Sheets.Count) |
- Лист1 в After:=Лист1 — это уникальное имя листа, указанное в проводнике редактора VBA без скобок.
- Лист1 в After:=Worksheets(«Лист1») — это имя на ярлыке листа, указанное в проводнике редактора VBA в скобках.
Создаваемый лист можно присвоить объектной переменной:
|
Dim myList As Object ‘В активной книге Set myList = Worksheets.Add ‘В книге «Книга1.xlsm» Set myList = Workbooks(«Книга1.xlsm»).Worksheets.Add ‘Работаем с переменной myList.Name = «Listok1» myList.Cells(1, 1) = myList.Name ‘Очищаем переменную Set myList = Nothing |
Если создаваемый лист присваивается объектной переменной, он будет помещен перед активным листом. Указать дополнительные параметры невозможно.
Копирование листов
Копирование рабочих листов осуществляется с помощью метода Worksheet.Copy.
Синтаксис метода Worksheet.Copy
expression.Copy [Before, After]
где expression — переменная, представляющая собой объект Worksheet.
Компоненты метода Worksheet.Copy
- Before* — необязательный параметр типа данных Variant, указывающий на лист, перед которым будет добавлена копия.
- After* — необязательный параметр типа данных Variant, указывающий на лист, после которого будет добавлена копия.
*Если Before и After не указаны, Excel создаст новую книгу и поместит копию листа в нее. Если скопированный лист содержит код в проекте VBA (в модуле листа), он тоже будет перенесен в новую книгу.
Примеры копирования листов
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 |
‘В пределах активной книги ‘(уникальные имена листов) Лист1.Copy After:=Лист2 ‘В пределах активной книги ‘(имена листов на ярлычках) Worksheets(«Лист1»).Copy Before:=Worksheets(«Лист2») ‘Вставить копию в конец Лист1.Copy After:=Sheets(Sheets.Count) ‘Из одной книги в другую Workbooks(«Книга1.xlsm»).Worksheets(«Лист1»).Copy _ After:=Workbooks(«Книга2.xlsm»).Worksheets(«Лист1») ‘Один лист активной книги в новую книгу Лист1.Copy ‘Несколько листов активной книги в новую книгу* Sheets(Array(«Лист1», «Лист2», «Лист3»)).Copy ‘Все листы книги с кодом в новую книгу ThisWorkbook.Worksheets.Copy |
* Если при копировании в новую книгу нескольких листов хотя бы один лист содержит умную таблицу — копирование невозможно. Один лист, содержащий умную таблицу, копируется в новую книгу без проблем.
Если рабочие книги указаны как элементы коллекции Workbooks, в том числе ActiveWorkbook и ThisWorkbook, листы нужно указывать как элементы коллекции Worksheets, использование уникальных имен вызовет ошибку.
Перемещение листов
Перемещение рабочих листов осуществляется с помощью метода Worksheet.Move.
Синтаксис метода Worksheet.Move
expression.Move [Before, After]
где expression — переменная, представляющая собой объект Worksheet.
Компоненты метода Worksheet.Move
- Before* — необязательный параметр типа данных Variant, указывающий на лист, перед которым будет размещен перемещаемый лист.
- After* — необязательный параметр типа данных Variant, указывающий на лист, после которого будет размещен перемещаемый лист.
*Если Before и After не указаны, Excel создаст новую книгу и переместит лист в нее.
Примеры перемещения листов
Простые примеры перемещения листов:
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 |
‘В пределах активной книги ‘(уникальные имена листов) Лист1.Move After:=Лист2 ‘В пределах активной книги ‘(имена листов на ярлычках) Worksheets(«Лист1»).Move Before:=Worksheets(«Лист2») ‘Размещение после последнего листа: Лист1.Move After:=Sheets(Sheets.Count) ‘Из одной книги в другую Workbooks(«Книга1.xlsm»).Worksheets(«Лист1»).Move _ After:=Workbooks(«Книга2.xlsm»).Worksheets(«Лист1») ‘В новую книгу Лист1.Move |
Если рабочие книги указаны как элементы коллекции Workbooks, в том числе ActiveWorkbook и ThisWorkbook, листы нужно указывать как элементы коллекции Worksheets, использование уникальных имен вызовет ошибку.
Перемещение листа «Лист4» в позицию перед листом, указанным как по порядковому номеру, так и по имени ярлыка:
|
Sub Peremeshcheniye() Dim x x = InputBox(«Введите имя или номер листа», «Перемещение листа «Лист4»») If IsNumeric(x) Then x = CLng(x) Sheets(«Лист4»).Move Before:=Sheets(x) End Sub |
Удаление листов
Удаление рабочих листов осуществляется с помощью метода Worksheet.Delete
Синтаксис метода Worksheet.Delete
expression.Delete
где expression — переменная, представляющая собой объект Worksheet.
Примеры удаления листов
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‘По уникальному имени Лист1.Delete ‘По имени на ярлычке Worksheets(«Лист1»).Delete ‘По индексу листа Worksheets(1).Delete ‘В другой книге Workbooks(«Книга1.xlsm»).Worksheets(«Лист1»).Delete |
Если рабочие книги указаны как элементы коллекции Workbooks, в том числе ActiveWorkbook и ThisWorkbook, листы нужно указывать как элементы коллекции Worksheets, использование уникальных имен вызовет ошибку.
Как обратиться к рабочему листу, переименовать, скрыть или отобразить его с помощью кода VBA Excel, смотрите в этой статье.
In this Article
- Application Object
- Workbooks Object
- Workbook Object
- Sheets Object
- Worksheets Object
- Worksheet Object
- Range Object
- Shapes Object
- Shape Object
- Excel VBA Object Model
- Declaring and Assigning an Object Variable
Excel VBA objects refer to single “entities” made up of code and data. The Excel application itself is an object, as are workbooks, worksheets, cell ranges, and shapes. Every object has associated properties, and methods. Objects can also contain other objects and the collections object is used to refer to a group of the same Excel objects.
In this tutorial, we are going to look at some commonly used Excel Objects.
Application Object
The Application Object refers to the entire Excel application. The Application object contains the workbook object.
The following code uses the WindowState property of the Application object to set the Excel window to the maximum size available:
Sub MaximizingTheExcelWindow()
Application.WindowState = xlMaximized
End SubWorkbooks Object
The Workbooks object refers to the collection of all the currently open Excel workbooks.
The following code uses the Workbooks.Add method to create a new workbook and add it to the collection:
Sub AddingANewWorkbookToTheWorkbooksCollection()
Workbooks.Add
End SubYou can access an individual workbook in the Workbooks collection through its index number or name. So you could refer to a Workbook called ExcelWb, by using Workbooks(“ExcelWB”).
Workbook Object
The workbook object is part of the Workbooks collection. The workbook object contains the worksheets collection (worksheets) and the sheets collection (worksheets, chart sheets, and macrosheets). The ActiveWorkbook object refers to the workbook that is active.
The following code uses the ActiveWorkbook.Save method to save the current active workbook:
Sub SavingTheWorkbook()
ActiveWorkbook.Save
End SubSheets Object
The sheets object refers to the collection of all the worksheets, chart sheets and macrosheets in a workbook. The following code uses the Sheets.Add method to add a new worksheet called ExtraSheet, after the last worksheet in the workbook:
Sub AddingANewSheet()
ActiveWorkbook.Sheets.Add(After:=ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets(Worksheets.Count), Count:=1, _
Type:=xlWorksheet).Name = "ExtraSheet"
End SubNote the syntax of the Sheets.Add method is:
Sheets.Add(Before, After, Count, Type) where:
-Before is optional and specifies that the new sheet should be added before an existing sheet.
-After is optional and specifies that the new sheet should be added after an existing sheet.
-Count is optional and specifies the number of sheets to add.
-Type is optional and specifies the sheet type. xlWorksheet would add a new worksheet, xlChart would add a new chart sheet, and xlExcel4MacroSheet or xlExcel4IntlMacroSheet would add a new macrosheet. If blank the default xlWorksheet is used.
You can access an individual sheet in the Sheets collection through its index number or name. So you could refer to a Worksheet called SheetOne, by using Sheets(“SheetOne”).
Worksheets Object
The Worksheets object refers to the collection of all the worksheets in a workbook. The following code uses the Worksheets.Add method to add a new worksheet:
Sub AddingANewSheet()
Worksheets.Add
End SubYou can access an individual sheet in the Worksheets collection through its index number or name. So you could refer to a Worksheet called SheetTwo, by using Worksheets(“SheetTwo”).
Worksheet Object
The worksheet object is part of the Worksheets collection. The worksheet object contains the range object and other objects. The ActiveSheet object refers to the sheet that is active.
The following code changes the page orientation of the active sheet to landscape:
Sub ChangingOrientationToLandscape()
ActiveSheet.PageSetup.Orientation = xlLandscape
End SubNote the Sheet object contains the PageSetup object and its orientation property is set to xlLandscape.
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Range Object
The Range object can refer to a single cell or a set of cells in a worksheet. The following code shows you how to use the Range.Select method to select cells A1:B1:
Sub SelectingARange()
Range("A1:B1").Select
End SubShapes Object
The Shapes object refers to the collection of all the shapes in a worksheet. The following code would select all the shapes on the ActiveSheet:
Sub SelectingAllTheShapes()
ActiveSheet.Shapes.SelectAll
End SubShape Object
The Shape Object is part of the Shapes collection. The following code would create a rounded rectangle shape and then set the name property of the shape object:
Sub UsingTheShapeObject()
With Worksheets(1).Shapes.AddShape(msoShapeRoundedRectangle, _
200, 100, 80, 80)
.Name = "A Rounded Rectangle"
End With
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Excel VBA Object Model
Excel’s VBA Object model describes the hierarchy of all the objects you can use in Excel. For example, you can use the Workbooks object to refer to all the other objects indirectly or directly. The following code shows you how to select cell A1, using the hierarchical structure:
Sub UsingTheHierachicalStructure()
Workbooks("Book1").Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1").Select
End SubDeclaring and Assigning an Object Variable
You can declare and assign an object to a variable by using the Dim and Set keywords.
For example:
Dim ws as worksheet
Set ws = ActiveWorkbook.ActiveSheetThe following code shows you how to declare and assign a Range object to a variable:
Sub AssigningARangeToAVariable()
Dim rngOne As Object
Set rngOne = Range("A1:C1")
rngOne.Font.Bold = True
With rngOne
.Font.Bold = True
.Font.Name = "Calibri"
.Font.Size = 9
.Font.Color = RGB(35, 78, 125)
.Interior.Color = RGB(205, 224, 180)
.Borders(xlEdgeBottom).LineStyle = xlContinuous
End With
End SubThe result is:
It’s essential to understand how objects work to master VBA. You can learn more with our Interactive VBA Tutorial.