Excel vba time formats - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

Преобразование чисел, дат и строк в настраиваемый текстовый формат из кода VBA Excel с помощью функции Format. Синтаксис, параметры, символы, примеры.

Format – это функция, которая преобразует число, дату или строку в текст, отформатированный в соответствии с именованным выражением формата или инструкциями, составленными из специальных символов.

Синтаксис и параметры

Format(Expression, [FormatExpression], [FirstDayOfWeek], [FirstWeekOfYear])

Expression – любое допустимое выражение (переменная), возвращающее числовое значение или строку (обязательный параметр).
FormatExpression – выражение формата, именованное или содержащее инструкции из специальных символов (необязательный параметр).
FirstDayOfWeek – константа, задающая первый день недели (необязательный параметр).
FirstWeekOfYear – константа, задающая первую неделю года (необязательный параметр).

Именованные выражения форматов

Именные форматы даты и времени

Имя формата	Описание
General Date	Стандартное отображение даты и времени в соответствии с параметрами системы.
Long Date	Длинный формат даты.
Medium Date	Средний формат даты.
Short Date	Краткий формат даты.
Long Time	Длинный формат времени.
Medium Time	Средний формат времени.
Short Time	Краткий формат времени.

Проверьте отображение даты и времени с использованием именованных форматов на вашем компьютере при помощи следующего кода VBA Excel:

Sub FormatDateTime()

MsgBox «General Date: « & Format(Now, «General Date») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Long Date: « & Format(Now, «Long Date») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Medium Date: « & Format(Now, «Medium Date») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Short Date: « & Format(Now, «Short Date») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Long Time: « & Format(Now, «Long Time») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Medium Time: « & Format(Now, «Medium Time») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Short Time: « & Format(Now, «Short Time»)

End Sub

Скорее всего, результат будет таким:

Именованные форматы чисел

Имя формата	Описание
General Number	Стандартное отображение числа без знака разделителя групп разрядов.
Currency	Денежный формат.
Fixed	Отображение числа без знака разделителя групп разрядов с двумя цифрами после разделителя целой и дробной части.
Standard	Отображение числа со знаком разделителя групп разрядов и с двумя цифрами после разделителя целой и дробной части.
Percent	Процентный формат: отображение числа, умноженного на 100, со знаком процента (%), добавленного справа.
Scientific	Отображение числа в экспоненциальном виде.
Yes/No	Возвращается «Нет», если число равно 0, иначе отображается «Да».
True/False	Возвращается «Ложь», если число равно 0, иначе отображается «Истина».
On/Off	Возвращается «Выкл», если число равно 0, иначе отображается «Вкл».

Проверяем работу именованных форматов на числах 2641387.7381962 и 0 с помощью кода VBA Excel:

Sub FormatNumber()

Dim n As Double

n = 2641387.7381962

‘n = 0

MsgBox «Форматируемое число = « & n & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «General Number: « & Format(n, «General Number») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Currency: « & Format(n, «Currency») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Fixed: « & Format(n, «Fixed») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Standard: « & Format(n, «Standard») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Percent: « & Format(n, «Percent») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Scientific: « & Format(n, «Scientific») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Yes/No: « & Format(n, «Yes/No») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «True/False: « & Format(n, «True/False») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «On/Off: « & Format(n, «On/Off»)

End Sub

Получаем следующий результат:

Вместо вопросительного знака в отображении числа в формате Currency, по идее, должен быть знак валюты (₽ или руб.).

Специальные символы для выражений форматов

Символы для форматов даты и времени

Символ	Описание
Точка (.)	Разделитель компонентов даты (день, месяц, год). Используется при отображении месяца в виде числа.
Пробел	Разделитель компонентов даты (день, месяц, год). Используется при отображении месяца прописью.
Двоеточие (:)	Разделитель компонентов времени (часы, минуты, секунды).
d	День в виде числа без нуля в начале (1–31).
dd	День в виде числа с нулем в начале (01–31).
m	Месяц в виде числа без нуля в начале (1–12). Если (m) следует после (h) или (hh), отображаются минуты (0–59).
mm	Месяц в виде числа с нулем в начале (01–12). Если (mm) следует после (h) или (hh), отображаются минуты (00–59).
mmm	Месяц прописью в сокращенном виде (янв–дек).
mmmm	Полное название месяца (январь–декабрь).
y	День года в виде числа (1–366).
yy	Год в виде 2-значного числа (00–99).
yyyy	Год в виде 4-значного числа (1900–9999).
h	Часы в виде числа без нуля в начале (0–23).
hh	Часы в виде числа с нулем в начале (00–23).
n (m)	Минуты в виде числа без нуля в начале (0–59).
nn (mm)	Минуты в виде числа с нулем в начале (00–59).
s	Секунды в виде числа без нуля в начале (0–59).
ss	Секунды в виде числа с нулем в начале (00–59).

В этой таблице перечислены далеко не все символы для выражений форматов даты и времени. Вы можете ознакомиться со всеми символами, в том числе и для форматирования чисел, на сайте разработчика.

Примеры отображения даты с помощью разных по количеству наборов символа d:

Sub DataIsD()

MsgBox «d: « & Format(Now, «d») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «dd: « & Format(Now, «dd») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «ddd: « & Format(Now, «ddd») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «dddd: « & Format(Now, «dddd») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «ddddd: « & Format(Now, «ddddd») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «dddddd: « & Format(Now, «dddddd»)

End Sub

Символы для числовых форматов

Символ	Описание
Точка (.)	Десятичный разделитель.
Запятая (,)	Разделитель групп разрядов. В отображаемых числах заполняется пробелом.
(0)	Заполнитель, который отображает цифру или ноль. Используется, когда нужны ведущие нули или нули в конце числа.
(#)	Заполнитель, который отображает цифру или ничего не отображает. Используется, когда не нужны ведущие нули или нули в конце числа.
(%)	Заполнитель процента. Выражение умножается на 100, а знак процента (%) вставляется на той позиции, где он указан в строке формата.
(E- E+ e- e+)	Экспоненциальный формат.

Примеры использования символов в выражениях числовых форматов VBA Excel:

Sub FormatNumber2()

Dim n As Double

n = 2641387.7381962

‘n = 0.2397842

MsgBox «Форматируемое число = « & n & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «0.##: « & Format(n, «0.##») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «000.###: « & Format(n, «000.###») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «#,###.###: « & Format(n, «#,###.###») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «0 %: « & Format(n, «0 %») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «0.### E-: « & Format(n, «0.### E-«) & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «0.### E+: « & Format(n, «0.### E+»)

End Sub

Символы для текстовых форматов

Символ	Описание
At-символ (@)	Заполнитель для символов, отображающий знак или пробел.
Амперсанд (&)	Заполнитель для символов, отображающий знак или ничего (пустая строка).
Меньше (<)	Принудительный перевод всех буквенных символов в нижний регистр.
Больше (>)	Принудительный перевод всех буквенных символов в верхний регистр.

Примеры использования символов в выражениях строковых форматов VBA Excel:

Sub FormatString()

MsgBox «Номер телефона: « & Format(«1234567890», «+7 (@@@) @@@-@@-@@») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Серия и номер паспорта: « & Format(«1234567890», «&& && &&&&») & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Нижний регистр: « & Format(«Нижний регистр», «<«) & vbNewLine _

& vbNewLine & «Верхний регистр: « & Format(«Верхний регистр», «>»)

End Sub

Форматы для различных значений одного выражения

Различные форматы для разных числовых значений

В выражении формата для чисел предусмотрено от одного до четырех разделов, отделяемых друг от друга точкой с запятой. Отображаемая строка зависит от значения, возвращенного параметром Expression функции Format.

Количество разделов	Результат форматирования
Один раздел	Выражение формата применяется ко всем значениям.
Два раздела	Первый раздел применяется к положительным значениям и нулям, второй – к отрицательным значениям.
Три раздела	Первый раздел применяется к положительным значениям, второй – к отрицательным значениям, третий – к нулям.
Четыре раздела	Первый раздел применяется к положительным значениям, второй – к отрицательным значениям, третий – к нулям, четвертый – к значениям Null.

Пример использования четырех разделов в выражении формата числовых значений:

Sub FormatDifferentValues()

MsgBox «Число 1234,5678: « & _

Format(1234.5678, «#,##0.00 руб.;Отрицательное число;Ноль рублей;Значение Null») _

& vbNewLine & vbNewLine & «Число -25: « & _

Format(—25, «#,##0.00 руб.;Отрицательное число;Ноль рублей;Значение Null») _

& vbNewLine & vbNewLine & «Число 0: « & _

Format(0, «#,##0.00 руб.;Отрицательное число;Ноль рублей;Значение Null») _

& vbNewLine & vbNewLine & «Null: « & _

Format(Null, «#,##0.00 руб.;Отрицательное число;Ноль рублей;Значение Null»)

End Sub

Различные форматы для разных строковых значений

В выражении формата для строк предусмотрено до двух разделов, отделяемых друг от друга точкой с запятой. Отображаемая строка зависит от текста, возвращенного параметром Expression функции Format.

Количество разделов	Результат форматирования
Один раздел	Выражение формата применяется ко всем строковым данным.
Два раздела	Первый раздел применяется к строковым данным, второй – к значениям Null и пустым строкам («»).

Пример использования двух разделов в выражении формата строк:

Sub FormatString2()

MsgBox «Строка «Белка»: « & _

Format(«Белка», «@;Пустая строка или Null») _

& vbNewLine & vbNewLine & «Пустая строка: « & _

Format(«», «@;Пустая строка или Null») _

& vbNewLine & vbNewLine & «Строка «Null»: « & _

Format(«Null», «@;Пустая строка или Null») _

& vbNewLine & vbNewLine & «Значение Null: « & _

Format(Null, «@;Пустая строка или Null»)

End Sub

Источник

Return to VBA Code Examples

In this Article

Format Function and Time
- VBA Format Time with Predefined Formats
- VBA Format Time with Custom Formats

This tutorial will demonstrate how to use the Format VBA function to format time.

Format Function and Time

VBA Format Time with Predefined Formats

The VBA Format function can be used to convert a number to a string with a predefined format. The available formats for time are long time, medium time, and short time.

Sub FormatTimeExample_1()
Dim DateEx As Date

DateEx = #4/18/2020 6:05:07 PM#
MsgBox Format(DateEx, "Long Time")      'Result is: 6:05:07 PM
MsgBox Format(DateEx, "Medium Time")    'Result is: 06:05 PM
MsgBox Format(DateEx, "Short Time")     'Result is: 18:05

DateEx = #2/18/2021 6:05:07 AM#
MsgBox Format(DateEx, "Long Time")      'Result is: 6:05:07 AM
MsgBox Format(DateEx, "Medium Time")    'Result is: 06:05 AM
MsgBox Format(DateEx, "Short Time")     'Result is: 06:05

End Sub

VBA Format Time with Custom Formats

The VBA Format function can be used to convert a number to a string with custom formats. Symbols h and hh are used for hours, n and nn for minutes, s and ss for seconds, ttttt for full time according to system settings and AM/PM, am/pm, A/P, a/p, AMPM for the am-pm system.

Sub FormatTimeExample_2()
Dim DateEx As Date
DateEx = #4/18/2020 6:05:07 PM#

MsgBox Format(DateEx, "hh:nn:ss")     'Result is: 18:05:07
MsgBox Format(DateEx, "h:n:s AM/PM")  'Result is: 6:5:7 PM

MsgBox Format(DateEx, "h")             'Result is: 18
MsgBox Format(DateEx, "hh")            'Result is: 18
MsgBox Format(DateEx, "h:n")           'Result is: 18:5
MsgBox Format(DateEx, "hh:nn")         'Result is: 18:05
MsgBox Format(DateEx, "hh:nn:s")       'Result is: 18:05:7
MsgBox Format(DateEx, "hh:nn:ss")      'Result is: 18:05:07

MsgBox Format(DateEx, "Time is: hh:nn:ss")
'Result is: Time is: 18:05:07
End Sub

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Источник

Excel VBA Dates & Time, Format Function, User Defined Date, Number & String Formats

—————————————————————————————————————

Contents:

Excel VBA Dates & Time

Format Function in VBA

Named Date/Time Formats

Named Numeric Formats

Characters used to create User-Defined Number Formats with the VBA Format Function

Characters used to create User-Defined Date & Time Formats with the VBA Format Function

Characters used to create User-Defined String Formats with the VBA Format Function

—————————————————————————————————————

Excel VBA Dates & Time

Excel Dates Equate to Serial Numbers — Excel stores all dates as integers and all times as decimal fractions. Your System’s Locale settings determines display format for Numbers, Currency, Date & Time. With the VBA Format function you can create User-Defined Date & Time Formats, Number Formats & String Formats, besides using predefined Named Date/Time & Numeric Formats. The Format function formats and returns an expression (String value) as per the specified format. Your system-defined formats include the Short Date Format, Long Date Format, Short Time Format, Long Time Format, and the Number & Currency Formats, which are specified in your computer’s regional settings, which determine your default display formats.

Date Data Type in VBA: Date equates to a numeric value which is the count of number of days elapsed from a certain referenced date. Dates are stored as 64-bit (8-byte) Double Precision floating-point numbers.

Variable Data Type	Storage Size	Range or Type of Values it Stores
Date	8-bytes	Holds either the date or the time, or both. Values can range from January 1, 100 to December 31, 9999. After declaring the variable, you can assign a value to it. A date value must be entered between two # signs, viz. DateOfBirth = #2/15/1961# TimeOfBirth = #10:05 AM# MarriageDate = #2/19/94 17:30#

Enclosing a date within number signs (#) ensures that the date literal will actually remain the date value which you actually mean to refer or use in your code. Generally the locale in which your application might be running (ie. Code Locale), determines the actual meaning of date value you enter, for ex. if you mean July 02, 2010 in a locale using mm/dd/yyyy, entering 07/02/2010 will compile your code correctly but entering 07/02/2010 in a locale using dd/mm/yyyy format will erroneously interpret as February 07, 2010 in your code. Using number signs (#) ensures that the date literal remains independent of your computer’s date and time format settings. Date literal is the date format specified by the locale settings for your code (ie. Code Locale). #7/2/2010# is the date literal that represents July 02, 2010, where English-U.S. is the locale setting for your application.

System’s Locale settings vs. Code Locale: The System’s Locale settings is the locale of the user who runs your program — the User Locale determines which default settings a user wants for formatting Numbers, Currency, Time & Date (used as a reference for user output) and uses Control Panel settings provided by the operating system. System-defined Format is dependent on your System’s Locale settings. The code locale is always English/U.S. in Visual Basic, irrespective of the international version being used. Short Time format and Short Date format of the Code Locale are used to Display Date and Time in the development environment ie. VBE in Excel.

To ensure that the date is correctly interpreted in any System Locale, enter dates within number signs (#), in code, in the format #month/day/year#. Because only English/U.S. is allowed in Visual Basic as a programming locale, the date will be the same to a user wherever your application is run. See below example.

Example: System-defined format (format specified in your computer’s regional settings) — Short Date Format is «dd-mm-yy» (English/U.K.) — refer Image 1a

Sub DateLiteral_1()

‘system-defined format (format specified in your computer’s regional settings) — Short Date Format is «dd-mm-yy» (English/U.K.) — refer Image 1a

Dim MyDate As Variant, MyDate1 As Variant

‘short date format of your Code Locale is always English/U.S. in Visual Basic, which determines display of Date in VBE

MyDate = #7/5/2014#

‘below format will assume your system-defined format:

‘returns «Saturday, July 5, 2014«

ActiveCell.Offset(1, 0) = Format(MyDate, «dddd, mmmm d, yyyy«)

ActiveCell.Offset(1, 1) = «date within number signs (# #)«

‘returns «Wednesday, May 7, 2014«

ActiveCell.Offset(2, 0) = Format(MyDate1, «dddd, mmmm d, yyyy«)

ActiveCell.Offset(2, 1) = «date within double quotes«

End Sub

Example: System-defined format (format specified in your computer’s regional settings) — Short Date Format is «m/d/yyyy» (English/U.S.) — refer Image 1b

Sub DateLiteral_2()

‘system-defined format (format specified in your computer’s regional settings) — Short Date Format is «m/d/yyyy» (English/U.S.) — refer Image 1b

Dim MyDate As Variant, MyDate1 As Variant

‘short date format of your Code Locale is always English/U.S. in Visual Basic, which determines display of Date in VBE

MyDate = #7/5/2014#

‘below format will assume your system-defined format:

MyDate1 = «7/5/2014«

‘returns «Saturday, July 5, 2014«

ActiveCell.Offset(1, 0) = Format(MyDate, «dddd, mmmm d, yyyy«)

ActiveCell.Offset(1, 1) = «date within number signs (# #)«

‘returns «Saturday, July 5, 2014«

ActiveCell.Offset(2, 0) = Format(MyDate1, «dddd, mmmm d, yyyy«)

ActiveCell.Offset(2, 1) = «date within double quotes«

End Sub

Format specified in your computer’s regional settings — Short Date / Long Date Format can be set or changed by the individual user manually from the Formats tab of the Region item in Control Panel in Windows 8. Refer Image 2.

Excel Dates Equate to Serial Numbers:

Excel stores all dates as integers and all times as decimal fractions. With this system, Excel can add, subtract, or compare dates and times just like any other numbers, and all dates are manipulated by using this system. In this system, the serial number 1 represents 1/1/1900 12:00:00 AM, the first supported day from when the Excel calendar starts. Bug in Excel: Excel erroneously treats 1900 as a leap year, which has presumably been done knowingly by Microsoft to provide compatibility with Lotus 1-2-3, and so actually the bug would have been in Lotus 123 (Excel’s predecessor).

In Excel, Dates equate to a «serial number» (which is a numeric value) that is the count of number of days elapsed from a certain referenced date. Dates are stored as 64-bit (8-byte) Double Precision floating-point numbers. The integer part (values to the left of decimal) is the number of days elapsed since January 1, 1900. For example, January 1, 1900 is stored as 1; January 2, 1900 is stored as 2; March 15, 2001 is stored as 36,965. The fractional part (values to the right of decimal) holds time information, and represents the time as a fraction of a whole day. For example, 12.00AM (midnight) is stored as 0; 6:00AM is stored as 0.25; 12.00PM (noon) is stored as 0.5; 6:00PM is stored as 0.75; 6:00:30PM is stored as 0.750347222. To check the «serial number» of a date and time simply format the cell as «General» or format to number — conversely type a number in Excel and formatting the cell to date format will display the equivalent date. The Date and Time of «10/3/1954 6:00:00 AM» has a serial number of 20000.25.

Note that where the 1900 date system is used by Excel for Windows, but Excel for Mac uses the 1904 date system so that typing the number 1 in Excel and formatting it in date format will display 1/2/1904 12:00:00 AM in Excel for Mac while Excel for Windows displays it as 1/1/1900 12:00:00 AM. In Mac, you can change to the 1900 date system by clearing the 1904 date system in the Calculation tab (in Preferences) whereas in Excel for Windows you can change to the 1904 date system — in Excel 2007 click the Microsoft Office Button image, click Excel Options, and then click the Advanced category and in the ‘When calculating this workbook’ options select the ‘Use 1904 date system‘.

Format Function in VBA

The vba Format function formats and returns an expression (String value) as per the specified format. Syntax: Format(expression, format, firstdayofweek, firstweekofyear). It is necessary to specify the expression argument, which is any expression you wish to format. The other 3 arguments are optional to specify. The format argument specifies a named or user-defined format expression — (i) to format numbers (or dates/times), you will use predefined named numeric (or date/time) formats or create user-defined numeric (or date/time) formats; (ii) to format date and time serial numbers, you will use date/time formats or numeric formats; (iii) to format strings you will create user-defined string formats. You can also use constants to specify the first day of the week or the first week of the year in the arguments of firstdayofweek and firstweekofyear respectively.

Formatting a number by omitting the format argument will return a String representation of the number, similar to using the Str vba function, but a positive number thus formatted will not include a leading space for the sign of number in the returned string like when using the Str function.

While using the Format Function for Date formatting, you must specify the expression argument appropriately in Gregorian or Hijri depending if your Calendar property setting is Gregorian or Hijri.

Constants to be used for the argument firstdayofweek: vbUseSystem (value 0) — use NLS API setting; vbSunday (this is the default) (value 1) — Sunday; vbMonday (value 2) — Monday; vbTuesday (value 3) — Tuesday; vbWednesday (value 4) — Wednesday; vbThursday (value 5) — Thursday; vbFriday (value 6) — Friday; vbSaturday ( value 7) — Saturday.

Constants to be used for the argument firstweekofyear: vbUseSystem (value 0) — use NLS API setting; vbFirstJan1 (this is the default) (value 1) — start with week in which January 1 occurs; vbFirstFourDays (value 2) — start with the first week which has at least four days in the year; vbFirstFullWeek (value 3) — start with the first full week of the year which has all 7 days.

Named Date/Time Formats

Listed below are predefined named Date and Time formats. Your system setting determines the Date display.

Format Name	Description
General Date	Displays a date and/or time, ex. 8/14/12 6:28 PM. The integer part (values to the left of decimal) displays a date, ex. 8/14/12, the fractional part (values to the right of decimal) displays time, ex. 6:28 PM. Your system setting determines the Date display — you can display only a Date or only a Time or both Date & Time.
Long Date	Long Date Format refers to your system-defined long date format ie. the long date format specified in your computer’s regional settings, for example, Thursday, July 31, 2014.
Medium Date	Medium Date Format displays a date using the medium date format appropriate for the language version of your Excel application (host application).
Short Date	Short Date Format refers to your system-defined short date format ie. the short date format specified in your computer’s regional settings, for example, 7/31/2014.
Long Time	Long Time Format refers to your system-defined long time format ie. the long time format specified in your computer’s regional settings, and typically includes hours, minutes, seconds, for example, 19:35:40.
Medium Time	Medium Time Format displays time in 12-hour format showing hours and minutes and the AM/PM designator viz. 7:48 AM.
Short Time	Short Time Format displays a time using the 24-hour format, and typically uses hours & minutes, for example, 19:35.

System-defined Format is dependent on your System’s Locale settings:

System Locale controls the language used when displaying text in programs that do not support Unicode. Applications affected by this setting are only those that do not use Unicode as their default character-encoding mechanism and hence this setting is not applicable to applications that are already Unicode-encoded. The system locale is a unique setting for each system and the administrator has to change it manually wherein the computer is required to be restarted for the changes to take effect. System locale can be set from the Administrative tab of the Region item in Control Panel in Windows 8.

The User Locale determines which default settings a user wants for formatting Numbers, Currency, Time & Date. The user locale can be set or changed by the individual user manually from the Formats tab of the Region item in Control Panel in Windows 8. Locale-aware applications use this value to display formatted data.

Your System’s Locale settings (User Locale) determines display format for Numbers, Currency, Time & Date by running your code whereas the short time format and short date format of your Code Locale (which is always English/U.S. in Visual Basic) determines display of Time & Date in the development environment.

Example: Using Predefined Named Date and Time formats — System Settings — English (United States)

Sub PredefinedNamedDateAndTimeFormats_1()
‘Using Predefined Named Date and Time formats.

‘Your system setting determines the Date and Time display for General Date, Long Date, Short Date & Long Time;
‘Medium Date format is per the language version of your host Excel application;
‘Short Time Format uses a 24-hour format, displays hours & minutes;

‘SYSTEM SETTINGS SPECIFIED IN THE COMPUTER’S REGIONAL SETTINGS — English (United States):
‘Long Time Format = h:mm:ss tt
‘Long Date Format = dddd, MMMM d, yyyy
‘Short Time Format = h:mm tt
‘Short Date Format = M/d/yyyy
‘M = month; m = minute
‘AM & PM Symbol = AM & PM

Dim MyDate As Variant, MyTime As Variant, SerialNo As Variant, str As Variant

SerialNo = «41851.87«

MyDate = #7/31/2014#

MyTime = #7:16:32 PM#

‘returns «7/31/2014 8:52:48 PM»

str = Format(SerialNo, «General Date«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «Thursday, July 31, 2014»

str = Format(MyDate, «Long Date«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «31-July-14»

str = Format(MyDate, «Medium Date«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «7/31/2014»

str = Format(MyDate, «Short Date«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «7:16:32 PM»

str = Format(MyTime, «Long Time«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «07:16 PM»

str = Format(MyTime, «Medium Time«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «19:16»

str = Format(MyTime, «Short Time«)

MsgBox str

End Sub

Example: Using Predefined Named Date and Time formats — System Settings — English (United Kingdom)

Sub PredefinedNamedDateAndTimeFormats_2()

‘Using Predefined Named Date and Time formats.

‘SYSTEM SETTINGS SPECIFIED IN THE COMPUTER’S REGIONAL SETTINGS — English (United Kingdom):
‘Long Time Format = HH:mm:ss
‘Long Date Format = dd MMMM yyyy
‘Short Time Format = HH:mm
‘Short Date Format = dd/MM/yyyy
‘h/H = 12/24 hour

‘M = month; m = minute

Dim MyDate As Variant, MyTime As Variant, SerialNo As Variant, str As Variant

SerialNo = «41851.87«

MyDate = #7/31/2014#

MyTime = #7:16:32 PM#

‘returns «31/07/2014 20:52:48»

str = Format(SerialNo, «General Date«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «31 July 2014»

str = Format(MyDate, «Long Date«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «31-July-14»

str = Format(MyDate, «Medium Date«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «31/07/2014»

str = Format(MyDate, «Short Date«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «19:16:32»

str = Format(MyTime, «Long Time«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «07:16 PM»

str = Format(MyTime, «Medium Time«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «19:16»

str = Format(MyTime, «Short Time«)

MsgBox str

End Sub

Named Numeric Formats

Listed below are predefined numeric format names.

Format Name	Description
General Number	General format cells have no specific number format and do not display the thousand separator.
Currency	Currency format is used for general monetary values and displays number with the thousand separator. It typically displays two digits to the right of the decimal point and the currency symbol, final display being based on your system’s locale settings.
Fixed	Fixed format displays a minimum of one digit to the left and two digits to the right of the decimal point.
Standard	Standard format displays the thousand separator and a minimum of one digit to the left and two digits to the right of the decimal point.
Percent	Percent format multiplies the number by 100 and displays the result with a percent symbol (%) to its right, with two digits to the right of the decimal point.
Scientific	Scientific format uses standard scientific notation (exponential format), providing two significant digits.
Yes/No	If number is 0 this format displays No, otherwise it displays Yes.
True/False	If number is 0 this format displays False, otherwise it displays True.
On/Off	If number is 0 this format displays Off, otherwise it displays On.

Example: Using Predefined Named Numeric formats.

Sub NamedNumericFormats()
‘Using Predefined Named Numeric formats.

Dim str As Variant

‘returns «5678.9523»

str = Format(5678.9523, «General Number«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «$5,678.95»

str = Format(5678.9523, «Currency«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «5678.90»

str = Format(5678.9, «Fixed«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «5,678.95»

str = Format(5678.9523, «Standard«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «595.23%»

str = Format(5.9523, «Percent«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «5.68E+03»

str = Format(5678.9523, «Scientific«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «Yes»

str = Format(-5.95, «Yes/No«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «True»

str = Format(5.95, «True/False«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «Off»

str = Format(0, «On/Off«)

MsgBox str

End Sub

Characters used to create User-Defined Number Formats with the VBA Format Function

		Syntax for VBA Format Function: Format(expression,format)
Character	Description	Format Argument	Expression Argument	Formatted Display
0 (zero)	Digit placeholder. If the number has lesser number of digits than zeros in the format code, the insignificant zeros are displayed. This means that the minimum number of digits are determined by the position of zero at the extreme left before decimal and position of zero at extreme right after decimal, in the format code.	0.00	5.6	5.60
	If the number has more digits than zeros to the left of the decimal point in the format code, the extra digits are displayed.	00.00	5.6	05.60
	The number of zeros to the right of the decimal point in the format code, determine the round off digits. The «00» format code rounds off to the nearest digit preceding the decimal point.	0.0	5.6	5.6
		0	0.6	1
		00.00	456.789	456.79
		00	45.445	45

# (number character)	Digit placeholder. This follows the same rules as 0 (zero), except that, if the number has lesser number of digits than «#» characters in the format code, the insignificant zeros are NOT displayed, even though it may be the only digit.	###.##	456.6	456.6
	If the number has more digits than # characters to the left of the decimal point in the format code, the extra digits are displayed.	#	456.68	457
	The number of # to the right of the decimal point in the format code, determine the round off digits. The «##» format code rounds off to the nearest digit preceding the decimal point.	(###) ### — ####	4567891234	(456) 789 — 1234
		##.#	456.689	456.7
		##	45.678	46

. (period)	Decimal placeholder. The decimal point (ie. the «.» character) in the format code determines the decimal place. Some locales use comma as the decimal separator instead of period.	00.000	456.123456	456.123
	The number of Digit Placeholders to the right of the decimal point in the format code, determine the round off digits. For the first digit placeholder to the left of the decimal separator use 0 to display a leading zero with fractional numbers.	00.00	456.789567	456.79
	The «00» or «##» format codes round off to the nearest digit preceding the decimal point.	##.#	456.789567	456.8
		##.#	0.65	7

% (percent sign)	Percentage indicator. Numbers are displayed as a percentage of 100 with this. The percent sign in the format code multiplies the number by 100, before it is formatted. The symbol «%» is displayed at the same position at which it is inserted in the format code.	#.0%	0.00625	.6%
		0.000%	0.00625	0.625%
		#.##%	0.00625	.63%
		%#	0.5625	%1
		#%	0.5625	56%

, (comma)	Thousand separator and Number scaling. Some locales use period (.) as a thousand separator.	#	123456	123456
	Thousand separator: In the format code, placing comma between two digit placeholders and to the left of decimal, will act as a thousand separator.	#,###	123456	123,456
	Number Scaling: If comma is placed to the immediate left of the decimal point (in the format code), the number is divided by 1,000, n number of times wherein n is the number of characters «,». The format string «0,,» will scale down the number 100 million to 100 (divides 100 million by 1,000 * 1,000); and the format code «0,,,» will divide the number by 1,000 * 1,000 * 1,000. Note that this number scaling will not apply the thousand separator, which will have to be done separately after the number scaling. A comma in any position other than to the immediate left of the decimal point will only act as a thousand separator.	#,#00	123456	123,456
		#,###.##	4567.234	4,567.23
		0,	10000	10
		#,##0,,	1000000	1
		#,###.#,	12345.678	12,345.7
		#,###.#	12345.678	12,345.7

:	Time separator. This separates hours, minutes & seconds while formatting time values.	hh:mm:ss AMPM	0.251	06:01:26 AM

/ (forward slash)	Date separator. This separates the day, month & year while formatting date values.	dd/mm/yyyy	7/24/2014	24/07/2014
		mm/dd/yyyy	41476	07/21/2013

E+ E- e+ e-	Scientific notation (exponential format). «E+» and «E-» followed by atleast one digit placeholder (0 or #), displays the number in scientific notation, with the character «E» mentioned between the number and the exponent. The number of «0» characters determine the minimum number of exponent digits. «E+» indicates that the sign character (plus or minus) will always precede the exponent, whereas «E-» indicates that the sign character (minus) precedes only negative exponents.	0.00E+0	4560000	4.56E+6
	The E stands for exponent. To avoid writing extremely long numbers, use scientific notation (SN), ie. a numeric value containing the letter E followed by a number. To convert a SN number say 5.0E+3 to the actual number, move the decimal position 3 positions to the right OR multiply the number to the left of E by 10 raised to the powerof 3 viz. the actual number is 5000. If the exponent is negative, like in 5.25E-3, move the decimal position 3 positions to the left OR multiply the number to the left of E by 10 raised to the power of -3 viz. the actual number is 0.00525.	#0.0E+00	4560000	45.6E+05
		0.###E+0	123.456	1.235E+2
		##E+#	0.0001234	12E-5
		##E-0	123456	12E4
		##E+0	123456	12E+4
		##E-0	0.0001234	12E-5
		0.##E+0	0.00525	5.25E-3

$ + — ( ) space	Literal characters. These are displayed as literals (exactly as typed) as per their position in the format code. Use these to display currency, to differentiate positive and negative numbers and for a more user-friendly display.	$ +#,###.00	1456.7	$ +1,456.70

(backslash)	Backslash. Any character appearing after backslash () will display as a literal, even though it may be reserved as an operator (say, %). Backlash itself will not be displayed. The number 0.75 with the format code #.00% will format to 75.00%, but with the format code #.00% it will format to .75%, ie. format code will not use % as operator but as a literal. To display several characters as literals enclose these in double quotation marks (» «) or in case of a single character, precede it with a backslash ().	#.00%	0.75	.75%
	Many Characters do not display as literal, except when preceded with a backlash — some examples are: date/ time-formatting characters (c, d, h, m, n, q, s, w, y, / and :), the numeric-formatting characters (#, 0, and period), and string-formatting characters (@, &, <, >, and !).	#.00%	0.75	75.00%
	Precede String with «Hello «	Hello @	Tracy	Hello Tracy
	character c does not display as literal, unless preceded with a backlash	c @	Tracy	Tracy
	character c does not display as literal, unless preceded with a backlash	c @	Tracy	c Tracy
	character b displays as literal, without being preceded with a backlash	b @	Tracy	b Tracy
	» kg” will be added to the end of the number	0 kg	75	75 kg

(» «) double quotation marks	The string between the double quotation marks («») is displayed.
	The vba Chr function returns a character (string data type) identified to the specified character code — use Chr(34) in your code for a quotation mark («) ex. MsgBox Chr(34) & ActiveCell.Value & Chr(34) returns the ActiveCell value within double quotation marks.

Example: Using User-defined Number formats with the VBA Format Function.

Sub UserDefinedNumberFormats()
‘Using User-defined Number formats with the VBA Format Function.

Dim str As Variant

‘returns «5678.95»

str = Format(5678.9523, «0.00«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «05.90»

str = Format(5.9, «00.00«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «5.9»

str = Format(5.9, «##.##«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «5.95»

str = Format(5.9523, «##.00«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «5679»

str = Format(5678.9523, «#«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «$5672.5»

str = Format(5672.4523, «##.#«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «5,678.95»

str = Format(5678.9523, «#,###.##«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «(456) 789 — 1234»

str = Format(4567891234#, «(###) ### — ####«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «.63%»

str = Format(0.00625, «#.##%«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «%1»

str = Format(0.625, «%#«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «4.56E+6»

str = Format(4560000, «0.00E+0«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «45.6E+05»

str = Format(4560000, «#0.0E+00«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «12E4»

str = Format(123456, «##E-0«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «12E+4»

str = Format(123456, «##E+0«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «$ +1,456.70»

str = Format(1456.7, «$ +#,###.00«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «Hello Tracy»

str = Format(«Tracy«, «Hello @«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «75 kg»

str = Format(«75«, «0 kg»)

MsgBox str

End Sub

VBA Format Function can have upto Four Sections for User-defined Formats, for different Formats for different Numeric Values

While creating User-Defined Number Formats with the VBA Format Function, you can have upto 4 sections, each section being separated by semicolons(;), wherein you can create different formats for different Numeric values. Creating multiple sections is not possible wherein the format argument contains any Predefined Named Numeric format.

There can be upto four sections of format argument, wherein each section is separated by a semicolon. These sections determine the display of positive values, negative values, zeros and Null values, in that order. If only one section is specified, it applies to all values; if two sections are specified, the first applies to positive and zero values and the second section applies to negative values. When you use 3 sections for format argument, the first section applies to positive values, the second section applies to negative values, and the third section applies to zeros.

Example: Using multiple sections for user-defined Number formats with the VBA Format Function.

Sub MultipleSectionsUserDefinedNumberFormats()
‘Using multiple sections for user-defined Number formats with the VBA Format Function.

Dim str As Variant

‘returns «5,678.952»

str = Format(5678.9523, «#,###.000;($ #,##0);0.00;Null«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «($ 5,679)»

str = Format(-5678.9523, «#,###.000;($ #,##0);0.00;Null«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «0.00»

str = Format(0, «#,###.000;($ #,##0);0.00;Null«)

MsgBox str

End Sub

Missing a Section:

You can also skip a section and specify format argument for the following or preceding section, but then you must enter the ending semicolon for the skipped section. The skipped section is printed using the format of the positive value, and in the absence of a format for a positive value, skipping a section will result in a blank display for that section. See below example.

Example: Missing sections for user-defined Number formats with the VBA Format Function.

Sub MissingSectionsUserDefinedNumberFormats()
‘missing sections for user-defined Number formats with the VBA Format Function.

Dim str As Variant

‘returns «» ie. blank (positive expression, but no format argument for positive value)
str = Format(5678.9523, «;($ #,##0);Zero;«)
MsgBox str

‘returns «-5,678.952» (for negative expression, using the format of the positive value when no format argument for negative value)
str = Format(-5678.9523, «#,###.000;;Zero«)
MsgBox str

‘returns «» ie. blank (negative expression, no format argument for positive or negative values)
str = Format(-5678.9523, «;;«)
MsgBox str

‘returns «($ 5,679)» (for negative expression, using format argument for negative values)
str = Format(-5678.9523, «;($ #,##0);«)
MsgBox str

‘returns «zero» (for zero expression, using format argument for zero values)
str = Format(0, «;;zero«)
MsgBox str

‘returns «.000» (for zero expression, using the format of the positive value)

str = Format(0, «#,###.000;;«)

MsgBox str

End Sub

Characters used to create User-Defined Date & Time Formats with the VBA Format Function

Character	Description	Format Argument	Expression Argument	Formatted Display
/ (forward slash)	Date separator. Separates the day, month & year while formatting date values.	mm/dd/yyyy	41463	07/08/2013
c	Date is displayed as ddddd and time is displayed as ttttt, in that order. Only date is displayed if date serial number does not have a fractional part and only time information is displayed if no integer portion.	c	41463.251	7/8/2013 6:01:26 AM
		c	0.251	6:01:26 AM
		c	41463	7/8/2013
d	Day is displayed as a number, as one digit or as two digit, without a leading zero. (1-31)	mm/d/yyyy	41463	07/8/2013
dd	Day is displayed as a number, as two digit, with a leading zero where applicable. (01-31)	mm/dd/yyyy	41463	07/08/2013
ddd	Day is abbreviated to three letters, viz. Sunday is displayed as Sun. (Sun-Sat)	ddd, mmm d, yyyy	41463	Mon, Jul 8, 2013
dddd	Day is displayed in its full format, viz. Sunday is displayed as Sunday. (Sunday-Saturday)	dddd, mmm d, yyyy	41463	Monday, Jul 8, 2013
ddddd	Display a date serial number as a complete date (including day, month, and year) formatted according to the short date setting recognized by your system. The default short date format is m/d/yy.	ddddd	41463	7/8/2013 (Short Date Format in the system showing the display is: dddd, m/d/yyyy)
dddddd	Display a date serial number as a complete date (including day, month, and year) formatted according to the long date setting recognized by your system. The default long date format is mmmm dd, yyyy.	dddddd	41463	Monday, July 8, 2013 (Long Date Format in the system showing the display is: dddd, MMMM d, yyyy)
aaaa	Displays the full, localized name of the day in its full format (same as dddd, except that its localized version).
w	Day of the week is displayed as a number (1-7 for Sunday-Saturday).	w, mmm d, yyyy	41463	2, Jul 8, 2013
ww	Week of the year is displayed as a number. (1 to 54)	ww	#7/8/2013#	28
m	Month is displayed as a number, as one digit or as two digit, without a leading zero — (1-12). To use m as minute(s), it should appear immediately after the h or hh code, such as «h:m».	m/d/yyyy	41463	7/8/2013
mm	Month is displayed as a number, as two digit, with a leading zero where applicable — (01-12). To use mm as minute(s), it should appear immediately after the h or hh code, such as «h:mm».	mm/d/yyyy	41463	07/8/2013
mmm	Month name is abbreviated to three letters, viz. January is displayed as Jan. (Jan-Dec)	mmm d, yyyy	41463	Jul 8, 2013
mmmm	Month is displayed in its full name, viz. January is displayed as January. (January-December)	mmmm d, yyyy	41463	July 8, 2013
oooo	Displays the full localized name of the month (same as mmmm, except that its localized version).
q	Quarter of the year is displayed as a number. (1 to 4)	q	#7/8/2013#	3
y	Day of the year is displayed as a number. (1 to 366)	y	#7/8/2013#	189
yy	Year is displayed as a number in two digits, viz. last 2 digits of the year are displayed. (00-99)	m/d/yy	41463	7/8/13
yyyy	Year is displayed as a number in four digits, viz. all digits of the year are displayed. (1900-9999)	m/d/yyyy	41463	7/8/2013

:	Time separator. This separates hours, minutes & seconds while formatting time values.	h:n:ss AMPM	0.251	6:1:26 AM
h	Hour is displayed as a number, as one digit or as two digit, without leading zeros. (0-23)	h:nn:ss AMPM	0.251	6:01:26 AM
Hh	Hour is displayed as a number, as two digit, with a leading zero where applicable. (00-23)	Hh:n:ss AMPM	0.251	06:1:26 AM
N	Minute is displayed as a number, as one digit or as two digit, without leading zeros — (0 to 59). You can also use m code as minute (m is used for displaying month), for which it should appear immediately after the h or hh code, such as «h:m».	n:ss	0.251	1:26
Nn	Minute is displayed as a number, as two digit, with a leading zero where applicable — (00 to 59). You can also use m code as minute (m is used for displaying month), for which it should appear immediately after the h or hh code, such as «h:m».	Nn:s	0.251	01:26
S	Second is displayed as a number, as one digit or as two digit, without leading zeros. (0 — 59)	h:n:S	0.2591	6:13:6
Ss	Second is displayed as a number, as two digit, with a leading zero where applicable. (00 — 59)	h:n:Ss	0.2591	6:13:06
t t t t t	Complete time is displayed (including hour, minute, and second) wherein the time separator, as defined by the time format recognized by your system, is used. If the leading zero option is selected and the time is before 10:00 AM / PM, a leading zero will be displayed. h:mm:ss is the default format.	ttttt	0.25631	6:09:05 AM
AM/PM, am/pm, A/P, a/p or AMPM	If these codes are included in the format, the hour is displayed using a 12-hour clock, else the hour is based on the 24-hour format. Display will include AM, am, A or a for a time before noon, and PM, pm, P or p for a time ‘from’ and ‘after’ noon till 11:59 PM. While using AMPM, the case can be UPPER or lower, matching the string as defined by your system settings. AM/PM is the Default format.	Hh:n:ss A/P	0.251	06:1:26 A

Example: Using User-defined Date & Time formats with the VBA Format Function.

Sub UserDefinedDateTimeFormats()
‘returns the Date and Time per user defined format

Dim MyDate As Variant, MyTime As Variant, str As Variant

MyDate = #7/1/2014#
MyTime = #7:09:32 PM#

‘returns «07/01/2014»

str = Format(MyDate, «mm/dd/yyyy«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «07/08/2013»

str = Format(41463, «mm/dd/yyyy«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «7/8/13»

str = Format(41463, «m/d/yy«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «7/8/2013 6:01:26 AM» — Date is displayed as ddddd and time is displayed as ttttt, in that order.

str = Format(41463.251, «c»)

MsgBox str

‘returns «6:01:26 AM» — only time information is displayed if no integer portion.

str = Format(0.251, «c«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «2» — Day of the week is displayed as a number (1-7 for Sunday-Saturday).

str = Format(41463, «w«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «28» — Week of the year is displayed as a number (1 to 54).

str = Format(#7/8/2013#, «ww«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «3» — Quarter of the year is displayed as a number (1 to 4)

str = Format(#7/8/2013#, «q«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «189» — Day of the year is displayed as a number (1 to 366)

str = Format(#7/8/2013#, «y«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «7/1/14»

str = Format(MyDate, «m/d/yy«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «Tue, Jul 1, 2014»

str = Format(MyDate, «ddd, mmm d, yyyy«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «19:9:32»

str = Format(MyTime, «h:n:s«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «07:09:32 pm»

str = Format(MyTime, «hh:mm:ss am/pm«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «07:09:32 PM»

str = Format(MyTime, «hh:mm:ss AMPM«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «06:1:26 A»

str = Format(0.251, «Hh:n:ss A/P«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «6:09:05 AM» — Complete time is displayed (including hour, minute, and second)

str = Format(0.25631, «ttttt«)

MsgBox str

‘omitting the format argument will return a String representation of the number — «245»

str = Format(245)

MsgBox str

End Sub

Characters used to create User-Defined String Formats with the VBA Format Function

Character	Description	Format Argument	Expression Argument	Formatted Display
@ (at character)	Character placeholder. Display actual character or space. If character appears in the position where @ apepars in the format string, the character is displayed, else a space is displayed at that position. Placeholders will be filled from right to left, unless exclamation (!) character is used in the format string as explained below.	@@@@@@@	Excel	Excel (2 leading spaces appear on the left of «Excel»)
	Precede String with «Mr «	«Mr «@	James	Mr James
	Precede String with «Hello «	Hello @	Tracy	Hello Tracy
&	Character placeholder. Display actual character or nothing. If character appears in the position where & (ampersand) appears in the format string, the character is displayed, else a nothing is displayed at that position. Placeholders will be filled from right to left, unless exclamation (!) character is used in the format string as explained below.	&&&&&&&&&	Excel VBA	Excel VBA (Displays «Excel VBA» as in the String)
>	Displays all characters as uppercase.	>	Excel	EXCEL
<	Displays all characters as lowercase.	<	Excel	excel
!	Placeholders will be filled from left to right — Default is right to left.	!@@@@@@@	Excel	Excel (2 spaces appear on the right of «Excel»)

Example: Using User-defined String formats with the VBA Format Function.

Sub UserDefinedStringFormats()
‘Using User-defined String formats with the VBA Format Function.

Dim str As Variant

‘returns » Excel» & 7 — (2 leading spaces appear on the left of «Excel»)

str = Format(«Excel«, «@@@@@@@«)

MsgBox str

MsgBox Len(str)

‘returns «Excel » & 7 — (2 leading spaces appear on the right of «Excel»)

str = Format(«Excel«, «!@@@@@@@«)

MsgBox str

MsgBox Len(str)

‘returns «Mr James» — Precede String with «Mr «

str = Format(«James«, «««Mr ««@«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «Hello Tracy» — Precede String with «Hello «

str = Format(«Tracy«, «Hello @«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «EXCEL» — Displays all characters as uppercase.

str = Format(«Excel«, «>«)

MsgBox str

‘returns «excel» — Displays all characters as lowercase.

str = Format(«Excel«, «<«)

MsgBox str

End Sub

VBA Format Function can have One or Two Sections for User-defined Formats, for different Formats for different String Values

While creating User-Defined String Formats with the VBA Format Function, you can have One or Two sections, each section being separated by semicolons(;), wherein you can create different formats for different String values. If only one section is specified, it applies to all string data; if two sections are specified, the first applies applies to string data, and the second section applies to Null values and zero-length strings («»).

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Содержание

FormatDateTime function
Syntax
Settings
See also
Support and feedback
Format function
Syntax
Settings
Remarks
Date symbols
Time symbols
Example
Different formats for different numeric values
Different formats for different string values
Named date/time formats
Named numeric formats
User-defined string formats
User-defined date/time formats
User-defined numeric formats
See also
Support and feedback

FormatDateTime function

Returns an expression formatted as a date or time.

Syntax

FormatDateTime(Date, [ NamedFormat ])

The FormatDateTime function syntax has these parts:

Part	Description
Date	Required. Date expression to be formatted.
NamedFormat	Optional. Numeric value that indicates the date/time format used. If omitted, vbGeneralDate is used.

Settings

The NamedFormat argument has the following settings:

Constant	Value	Description
vbGeneralDate	0	Display a date and/or time. If there is a date part, display it as a short date. If there is a time part, display it as a long time. If present, both parts are displayed.
vbLongDate	1	Display a date by using the long date format specified in your computer’s regional settings.
vbShortDate	2	Display a date by using the short date format specified in your computer’s regional settings.
vbLongTime	3	Display a time by using the time format specified in your computer’s regional settings.
vbShortTime	4	Display a time by using the 24-hour format (hh:mm).

Format function

Returns a Variant (String) containing an expression formatted according to instructions contained in a format expression.

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Syntax

Format(Expression, [ Format ], [ FirstDayOfWeek ], [ FirstWeekOfYear ])

The Format function syntax has these parts.

Part	Description
Expression	Required. Any valid expression.
Format	Optional. A valid named or user-defined format expression.
FirstDayOfWeek	Optional. A constant that specifies the first day of the week.
FirstWeekOfYear	Optional. A constant that specifies the first week of the year.

Settings

The firstdayofweek argument has these settings.

Constant	Value	Description
vbUseSystem	0	Use NLS API setting.
vbSunday	1	Sunday (default)
vbMonday	2	Monday
vbTuesday	3	Tuesday
vbWednesday	4	Wednesday
vbThursday	5	Thursday
vbFriday	6	Friday
vbSaturday	7	Saturday

The firstweekofyear argument has these settings.

Constant	Value	Description
vbUseSystem	0	Use NLS API setting.
vbFirstJan1	1	Start with week in which January 1 occurs (default).
vbFirstFourDays	2	Start with the first week that has at least four days in the year.
vbFirstFullWeek	3	Start with the first full week of the year.

To format	Do this
Numbers	Use predefined named numeric formats or create user-defined numeric formats.
Dates and times	Use predefined named date/time formats or create user-defined date/time formats.
Date and time serial numbers	Use date and time formats or numeric formats.
Strings	Create your own user-defined string formats.

Format truncates format to 257 characters.

If you try to format a number without specifying format, Format provides functionality similar to the Str function, although it is internationally aware. However, positive numbers formatted as strings using Format don’t include a leading space reserved for the sign of the value; those converted using Str retain the leading space.

If you are formatting a non-localized numeric string, you should use a user-defined numeric format to ensure that you get the look you want.

If the Calendar property setting is Gregorian and format specifies date formatting, the supplied expression must be Gregorian . If the Visual Basic Calendar property setting is Hijri , the supplied expression must be Hijri .

If the calendar is Gregorian, the meaning of format expression symbols is unchanged. If the calendar is Hijri, all date format symbols (for example, dddd, mmmm, yyyy ) have the same meaning but apply to the Hijri calendar. Format symbols remain in English; symbols that result in text display (for example, AM and PM) display the string (English or Arabic) associated with that symbol. The range of certain symbols changes when the calendar is Hijri.

Date symbols

Symbol	Range
d	1-31 (Day of month, with no leading zero)
dd	01-31 (Day of month, with a leading zero)
w	1-7 (Day of week, starting with Sunday = 1)
ww	1-53 (Week of year, with no leading zero; Week 1 starts on Jan 1)
m	1-12 (Month of year, with no leading zero, starting with January = 1)
mm	01-12 (Month of year, with a leading zero, starting with January = 01)
mmm	Displays abbreviated month names (Hijri month names have no abbreviations)
mmmm	Displays full month names
y	1-366 (Day of year)
yy	00-99 (Last two digits of year)
yyyy	100-9999 (Three- or Four-digit year)

Time symbols

Symbol	Range
h	0-23 (1-12 with «AM» or «PM» appended) (Hour of day, with no leading zero)
hh	00-23 (01-12 with «AM» or «PM» appended) (Hour of day, with a leading zero)
n	0-59 (Minute of hour, with no leading zero)
nn	00-59 (Minute of hour, with a leading zero)
m	0-59 (Minute of hour, with no leading zero). Only if preceded by h or hh
mm	00-59 (Minute of hour, with a leading zero). Only if preceded by h or hh
s	0-59 (Second of minute, with no leading zero)
ss	00-59 (Second of minute, with a leading zero)

Example

This example shows various uses of the Format function to format values using both named formats and user-defined formats. For the date separator (/), time separator (:), and AM/ PM literal, the actual formatted output displayed by your system depends on the locale settings on which the code is running. When times and dates are displayed in the development environment, the short time format and short date format of the code locale are used. When displayed by running code, the short time format and short date format of the system locale are used, which may differ from the code locale. For this example, English/U.S. is assumed. MyTime and MyDate are displayed in the development environment using current system short time setting and short date setting.

Different formats for different numeric values

A user-defined format expression for numbers can have from one to four sections separated by semicolons. If the format argument contains one of the named numeric formats, only one section is allowed.

If you use	The result is
One section only	The format expression applies to all values.
Two sections	The first section applies to positive values and zeros, the second to negative values.
Three sections	The first section applies to positive values, the second to negative values, and the third to zeros.
Four sections	The first section applies to positive values, the second to negative values, the third to zeros, and the fourth to Null values.

If you include semicolons with nothing between them, the missing section is printed using the format of the positive value. For example, the following format displays positive and negative values using the format in the first section and displays «Zero» if the value is zero.

Different formats for different string values

A format expression for strings can have one section or two sections separated by a semicolon (;).

If you use	The result is
One section only	The format applies to all string data.
Two sections	The first section applies to string data, the second to Null values and zero-length strings («»).

Named date/time formats

The following table identifies the predefined date and time format names.

Format name	Description
General Date	Display a date and/or time, for example, 4/3/93 05:34 PM. If there is no fractional part, display only a date, for example, 4/3/93. If there is no integer part, display time only, for example, 05:34 PM. Date display is determined by your system settings.
Long Date	Display a date according to your system’s long date format.
Medium Date	Display a date using the medium date format appropriate for the language version of the host application.
Short Date	Display a date using your system’s short date format.
Long Time	Display a time using your system’s long time format; includes hours, minutes, seconds.
Medium Time	Display time in 12-hour format using hours and minutes and the AM/PM designator.
Short Time	Display a time using the 24-hour format, for example, 17:45.

Named numeric formats

The following table identifies the predefined numeric format names.

Format name	Description
General Number	Display number with no thousand separator.
Currency	Display number with thousand separator, if appropriate; display two digits to the right of the decimal separator. Output is based on system locale settings.
Fixed	Display at least one digit to the left and two digits to the right of the decimal separator.
Standard	Display number with thousand separator, at least one digit to the left and two digits to the right of the decimal separator.
Percent	Display number multiplied by 100 with a percent sign (%) appended to the right; always display two digits to the right of the decimal separator.
Scientific	Use standard scientific notation.
Yes/No	Display No if number is 0; otherwise, display Yes.
True/False	Display False if number is 0; otherwise, display True.
On/Off	Display Off if number is 0; otherwise, display On.

User-defined string formats

Use any of the following characters to create a format expression for strings.

Character	Description
@	Character placeholder. Display a character or a space. If the string has a character in the position where the at symbol (@) appears in the format string, display it; otherwise, display a space in that position. Placeholders are filled from right to left unless there is an exclamation point character (!) in the format string.
&	Character placeholder. Display a character or nothing. If the string has a character in the position where the ampersand (&) appears, display it; otherwise, display nothing. Placeholders are filled from right to left unless there is an exclamation point character (!) in the format string.
Force uppercase. Display all characters in uppercase format.
!	Force left to right fill of placeholders. The default is to fill placeholders from right to left.

User-defined date/time formats

The following table identifies characters you can use to create user-defined date/time formats.

Character	Description
(:)	Time separator. In some locales, other characters may be used to represent the time separator. The time separator separates hours, minutes, and seconds when time values are formatted. The actual character used as the time separator in formatted output is determined by your system settings.
(/)	Date separator. In some locales, other characters may be used to represent the date separator. The date separator separates the day, month, and year when date values are formatted. The actual character used as the date separator in formatted output is determined by your system settings.
c	Display the date as ddddd and display the time as ttttt , in that order. Display only date information if there is no fractional part to the date serial number; display only time information if there is no integer portion.
d	Display the day as a number without a leading zero (1вЂ“31).
dd	Display the day as a number with a leading zero (01вЂ“31).
ddd	Display the day as an abbreviation (SunвЂ“Sat). Localized.
dddd	Display the day as a full name (SundayвЂ“Saturday). Localized.
ddddd	Display the date as a complete date (including day, month, and year), formatted according to your system’s short date format setting. The default short date format is m/d/yy .
dddddd	Display a date serial number as a complete date (including day, month, and year) formatted according to the long date setting recognized by your system. The default long date format is mmmm dd, yyyy .
w	Display the day of the week as a number (1 for Sunday through 7 for Saturday).
ww	Display the week of the year as a number (1вЂ“54).
m	Display the month as a number without a leading zero (1вЂ“12). If m immediately follows h or hh , the minute rather than the month is displayed.
mm	Display the month as a number with a leading zero (01вЂ“12). If m immediately follows h or hh , the minute rather than the month is displayed.
mmm	Display the month as an abbreviation (JanвЂ“Dec). Localized.
mmmm	Display the month as a full month name (JanuaryвЂ“December). Localized.
q	Display the quarter of the year as a number (1вЂ“4).
y	Display the day of the year as a number (1вЂ“366).
yy	Display the year as a 2-digit number (00вЂ“99).
yyyy	Display the year as a 4-digit number (100вЂ“9999).
h	Display the hour as a number without a leading zero (0вЂ“23).
hh	Display the hour as a number with a leading zero (00вЂ“23).
n	Display the minute as a number without a leading zero (0вЂ“59).
nn	Display the minute as a number with a leading zero (00вЂ“59).
s	Display the second as a number without a leading zero (0вЂ“59).
ss	Display the second as a number with a leading zero (00вЂ“59).
ttttt	Display a time as a complete time (including hour, minute, and second), formatted using the time separator defined by the time format recognized by your system. A leading zero is displayed if the leading zero option is selected and the time is before 10:00 A.M. or P.M. The default time format is h:mm:ss .
AM/PM	Use the 12-hour clock and display an uppercase AM with any hour before noon; display an uppercase PM with any hour between noon and 11:59 P.M.
am/pm	Use the 12-hour clock and display a lowercase AM with any hour before noon; display a lowercase PM with any hour between noon and 11:59 P.M.
A/P	Use the 12-hour clock and display an uppercase A with any hour before noon; display an uppercase P with any hour between noon and 11:59 P.M.
a/p	Use the 12-hour clock and display a lowercase A with any hour before noon; display a lowercase P with any hour between noon and 11:59 P.M.
AMPM	Use the 12-hour clock and display the AM string literal as defined by your system with any hour before noon; display the PM string literal as defined by your system with any hour between noon and 11:59 P.M. AMPM can be either uppercase or lowercase, but the case of the string displayed matches the string as defined by your system settings. The default format is AM/PM. If your system is set to 24-hour clock, the string is typical set to a zero-length string.

User-defined numeric formats

The following table identifies characters you can use to create user-defined number formats.

Character	Description
None	Display the number with no formatting.
(0)	Digit placeholder. Display a digit or a zero. If the expression has a digit in the position where the 0 appears in the format string, display it; otherwise, display a zero in that position.If the number has fewer digits than there are zeros (on either side of the decimal) in the format expression, display leading or trailing zeros. If the number has more digits to the right of the decimal separator than there are zeros to the right of the decimal separator in the format expression, round the number to as many decimal places as there are zeros. If the number has more digits to the left of the decimal separator than there are zeros to the left of the decimal separator in the format expression, display the extra digits without modification.
(#)	Digit placeholder. Display a digit or nothing. If the expression has a digit in the position where the # appears in the format string, display it; otherwise, display nothing in that position. This symbol works like the 0 digit placeholder, except that leading and trailing zeros aren’t displayed if the number has the same or fewer digits than there are # characters on either side of the decimal separator in the format expression.
(.)	Decimal placeholder. In some locales, a comma is used as the decimal separator. The decimal placeholder determines how many digits are displayed to the left and right of the decimal separator. If the format expression contains only number signs to the left of this symbol, numbers smaller than 1 begin with a decimal separator. To display a leading zero displayed with fractional numbers, use 0 as the first digit placeholder to the left of the decimal separator. The actual character used as a decimal placeholder in the formatted output depends on the Number Format recognized by your system.
(%)	Percentage placeholder. The expression is multiplied by 100. The percent character (%) is inserted in the position where it appears in the format string.
(,)	Thousand separator. In some locales, a period is used as a thousand separator. The thousand separator separates thousands from hundreds within a number that has four or more places to the left of the decimal separator. Standard use of the thousand separator is specified if the format contains a thousand separator surrounded by digit placeholders (0 or #). Two adjacent thousand separators or a thousand separator immediately to the left of the decimal separator (whether or not a decimal is specified) means «scale the number by dividing it by 1000, rounding as needed.» For example, you can use the format string «##0,,» to represent 100 million as 100. Numbers smaller than 1 million are displayed as 0. Two adjacent thousand separators in any position other than immediately to the left of the decimal separator are treated simply as specifying the use of a thousand separator. The actual character used as the thousand separator in the formatted output depends on the Number Format recognized by your system.
(:)	Time separator. In some locales, other characters may be used to represent the time separator. The time separator separates hours, minutes, and seconds when time values are formatted. The actual character used as the time separator in formatted output is determined by your system settings.
(/)	Date separator. In some locales, other characters may be used to represent the date separator. The date separator separates the day, month, and year when date values are formatted. The actual character used as the date separator in formatted output is determined by your system settings.
(E- E+ e- e+)	Scientific format. If the format expression contains at least one digit placeholder (0 or #) to the right of E-, E+, e-, or e+, the number is displayed in scientific format and E or e is inserted between the number and its exponent. The number of digit placeholders to the right determines the number of digits in the exponent. Use E- or e- to place a minus sign next to negative exponents. Use E+ or e+ to place a minus sign next to negative exponents and a plus sign next to positive exponents.
— + $ ( )	Display a literal character. To display a character other than one of those listed, precede it with a backslash ( ) or enclose it in double quotation marks (» «).
()	Display the next character in the format string. To display a character that has special meaning as a literal character, precede it with a backslash ( ). The backslash itself isn’t displayed. Using a backslash is the same as enclosing the next character in double quotation marks. To display a backslash, use two backslashes ( \ ). Examples of characters that can’t be displayed as literal characters are the date-formatting and time-formatting characters (a, c, d, h, m, n, p, q, s, t, w, y, /, and :), the numeric-formatting characters (#, 0, %, E, e, comma, and period), and the string-formatting characters (@, &, , and !).
(«ABC»)	Display the string inside the double quotation marks (» «). To include a string in *format* from within code, you must use Chr(34) to enclose the text (34 is the character code for a quotation mark («)).

Characters	Example	Description
m	2	Month (numerical without zeros)
mm	02	Month (numerical with zeros)
mmm	Feb	Month (abbreviated text)
mmmm	February	Month (full-length text)
d	7	Day (numerical without zeros)
dd	07	Day (numerical with zeros)
ddd	Tue	Day (abbreviated text)
dddd	Tuesday	Days (full-length text)
yy	12	Year (last 2 digits)
yyyy	2012	Year (4 digits)
h	8	Hours without zeros (0-23)
hh	08	Hours with zeros (00-23)
n	3	Minutes without zeros (0-59)
nn	03	Minutes with zeros (00-59)
s	8	Seconds without zeros (0-59)
ss	08	Seconds with zeros (00-59)
AM/PM	AM	Display AM/PM

Синтаксис и параметры

Именованные выражения форматов

Именные форматы даты и времени

Именованные форматы чисел

Специальные символы для выражений форматов

Символы для форматов даты и времени

Символы для числовых форматов

Символы для текстовых форматов

Форматы для различных значений одного выражения

Различные форматы для разных числовых значений

Различные форматы для разных строковых значений

Format Function and Time

VBA Format Time with Predefined Formats

VBA Format Time with Custom Formats

VBA Coding Made Easy

FormatDateTime function

Syntax

Settings

See also

Support and feedback

Format function

Syntax

Settings

Date symbols

Time symbols

Example

Different formats for different numeric values

Different formats for different string values

Named date/time formats

Named numeric formats

User-defined string formats

User-defined date/time formats

User-defined numeric formats

See also

Support and feedback