Excel vba переменная типа дата

VBA stands for Visual Basic for Applications. It is different from Visual Basic. Microsoft came up with this programming feature to use with the Microsoft Office software suite. It can be used to create programs to be run on Microsoft Excel, Outlook or other components of the MS Office suite. In this intermediate level tutorial, we walk you through VBA Format function for date and time. VBA Format function takes an expression, a date or number value and converts the same into a string. We assume that you know the basic concepts of MS Excel and Visual Basic for Applications. You can learn more about VBA in this excellent course, or of you’re in a hurry, you can take this 24hr VBA trainer course.

How to Assign VBA Date Value to a Variable

You can set the format in any version of Microsoft Excel starting from Excel 2000 to Excel version 2013. You can assign any date format as a value to a variable with the date data type in Excel VBA. However, ensure that values are put between simple hash (#) tags. Here VBA converts the value to a “Date” that can be used in comparisons and other types of statements. The following examples show this:

D1 = #March 24, 2014#
D1 = #3/24/2014#
D1 = #03/24/2014#

VBA will interpret the above statements to the date “March 24, 2014.” Before we move on, to learn more about how you can use VBA with MS Excel, you may want to try out this primer course; or just crash through our VBA tutorial to brush up your understanding.

VBA Format Function

Microsoft Excel Format function accepts the date expression and returns it as a formatted string. The syntax of Format date function looks like this

Format (expression, [format, [firstdayofweek, [firstweekofyear] ] ] )

Let’s take a closer look at the parameters.

1. Expression stands for the value to be formatted.
2. Format stands for the format to be applied to the expression. It is optional. In VBA Format Date function you have the option to either define your own format or use some of the MS Excel predefined format.
3. Firstdayofweek specifies the first day of the week. If it is not declared, the Format function assumes that Sunday is the first day of the week. This parameter is optional.
4. Firstweekofyear is the value that specifies the first week of the year. However, if this parameter is not declared, then the Format function assumes that the first week begins from January 1.

The table given below displays some of the Excel predefined date format.

The table given below contains the values the parameter “firstdayoftheweek” can take up in your VBA programs.

The table below lists the possible values of the optional parameter “Firstweekofyear that you can use in your VBA programs. Take a look

Here are a few examples of Format function for Date in Excel VBA to make this function more clear.

1. Format(#24/03/2014#, “Short Date”)    would return ’24/03/2014′

2. Format(#24/03/2014#, “Long Date”)     would return ‘March 24, 2014’

3. Format(#24/03/2014#, “yyyy/mm/dd”)    would return ‘2014/03/24’

We suggest that you work out more examples of your own on  date function format. That’ll help you get more comfortable with the various options.  This course with Mr Excel can help you get a good workout with Excel VBA examples.

User Defined Format Function for date and time

Note that you can also use some pre-defined variants of the Format function for date and time.  The syntax of that looks like this

Format (expression, style)

The table below shows the user-defined Format function for date and time. Read through carefully

Let’s take a closer look at the user-defined format function for date and time using a simple VBA program.

Sub Newbutton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click, Button2.Click, Button3.Click
Label1.Text = Format(Now, "M")
Label2.Text = Format(Now, "MM")
Label3.Text = Format(Now, "MMM")
Label4.Text = Format(Now, "MMMM")
Label5.Text = Format(Now, "dd/MM/yyyy")
Label6.Text = Format(Now, "MMM,d,yyyy")
Label7.Text = Format(Now, "h:mm:ss tt")
Label8.Text = Format(Now, "MM/dd/yyyy h:mm:ss tt")
End Sub

When you run this program, it will display the current system date in different formats.

Label1.Text will display March 24
Label2.Text will display 03
Label3.Text will display Mar
Label4.Text will display March
Label5.Text will display 24/03/2014
Label6.Text will display Mar,24,2014
Label7.Text will display 12:49:23 PM
Label8.Text will display 03/24/2014 12:49:23 PM

Characters supported by VBA Date Function

VBA Date functions supports these characters to display date and time. It’s quite a long list, so check out the table below!

Let’s use an example to help you to understand the above table better.

Sub date_and_time()
date_example = Now()
Range("C1") = Format(date_example, "mm.dd.yy")
Range("C2") = Format(date_example, "d mmmmyyyy")
Range("C3") = Format(date_example, "mmmm j, yyyy")
Range("C4") = Format(date_example, "ddddd")
Range("C5") = Format(date_example, "mmmm-yy")
Range("C6") = Format(date_example, "mm.dd.yyyyhh:mm")
Range("C7") = Format(date_example, "m.d.yy h:mm AM/PM")
Range("C8") = Format(date_example, "hHmm")
End Sub

In this program we assign the system date and time through the now() to the variable date_example. After the execution of the program, the cells will contain the following values

C1 will contain 03.24.14
C2 will contain 24 March 2014
C3 will contain March 24 2014
C4 will contain Mon 24
C5 will contain March-14
C6 will contain 03.24.2014 15:04
C7 will contain 3.24.14 15:04 PM
C8 will contain 15H04

Given below is an example of using date function to calculate your age. We assume that you have basic programming knowledge. If not please refer our basic tutorial on VBA programming.

Calculating Age In VBA

Function Age(Date1 As Date, Date2 As Date) As String
Dim Year1 As Integer
Dim Month_1 As Integer
Dim Day1 As Integer
Dim Temp As Date
Temp = DateSerial(Year(Date2), Month(Date1), Day(Date1))
Year1 = Year(Date2) - Year(Date1) + (Temp > Date2)
Month1 = Month(Date2) - Month(Date1) - (12 * (Temp > Date2))
Day1 = Day(Date2) - Day(Date1)
If Day1 < 0 Then
Month_1 = Month_1 - 1
Day1 = Day(DateSerial(Year(Date2), Month(Date2) + 1, 0)) + Day1 + 1
End If
Age = Year1 &“years "& Month_1 & " months " & Day1 & " days"
End Function

This program accepts two parameters Date1 and Date2. Date1 is the year of your birth and Date2 is the current date. In the end, you get your age in terms of years, months and days.

Like you’ve just seen, the Format function for date and time comes in variety of options. You can choose the format that you want to display or use in your programs. As always practice makes perfect. Do try these examples for yourself. If you’d like to get more hands on with VBA before  you proceed, this course can help you.  Once you’re ready to step it up a notch, you can try out this Ultimate VBA course. Let us know how it goes!

Мы уже рассмотрели, что такое переменные, типы данных и константы, в нашем руководстве по типам данных VBA — переменные и константы. В этом руководстве мы расскажем, как объявить переменную как дату.

В VBA тип данных даты хранится в виде десятичной дроби. В этом типе данных могут храниться как дата, так и время. Тип данных даты VBA может хранить значения в диапазоне от 1 января 100 до 31 декабря 9999.

Вы объявляете переменную как дату с помощью ключевого слова Dim:

Затем вы можете назначить дату переменной даты. Есть несколько способов создания дат для присвоения переменным:

Назначить сегодня переменной

Функция Date вернет сегодняшнюю дату:

Назначить сейчас переменной

Функция Now вернет сегодняшнюю дату и текущее время:

Назначить время переменной

Функция времени вернет текущее время:

Назначьте дату переменной с помощью DateSerial

Функция DateSerial вернет дату на основе введенного года, месяца и дня:

Назначьте время переменной с помощью TimeSerial

Функция TimeSerial вернет время на основе введенных часов, минут и секунд:

Вы должны заключать даты в символы # или ”при их использовании в коде, как показано ниже:

Функция VBA DateValue

Функцию VBA DateValue можно использовать для инициализации даты. Следующий код можно использовать для инициализации даты в VBA:

Функция VBA TimeValue

Пример переменной даты Excel VBA

Эта процедура демонстрирует, как создавать переменные даты, присваивать им значения и выводить их на лист Excel:

Результат:

Вы можете узнать больше о функциях даты в этом руководстве.

Переменная даты VBA в Access

Переменная даты работает в Access VBA точно так же, как и в Excel VBA.

Эта процедура демонстрирует, как создать переменную даты и обновить поле в таблице доступа значением.

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