Excel vba if file exist

The function that allows us to check if a file or folder exists is know as the DIR function.  The syntax for the DIR function is as follows:

DIR [( path [, attributes ])]

The PATH argument is basically an address which returns the name of your file or folder.  If the name is not found, DIR returns an empty string.

The ATTRIBUTES argument (which are optional) are listed in the below table.

ConstantVALUE	Value	Description
vbNormal	0	(Default) Files with no attributes
vbReadOnly	1	Read-only files
vbHidden	2	Hidden files
vbSystem	4	System files
vbDirectory	16	Directories or folders

The default is vbNormal, which are files with no specific attributes.  You can filter for files with a specific attribute by using the constants listed above.

An interesting thing you can use with the DIR function are wildcards.  Wildcards represent “any characters” and are useful when you want to capture multiple items in a search based on a pattern of characters.  There are two wildcard characters:

Asterisk (*) – This wildcard character will allow for any character(s) in any quantity.

Examples:  

Exc* (any text starting with “Exc”)

*el (any text ending with “el”)

Exc*el (any text starting with “Exc”, ending with “el”, and any character in between)

Question Mark (?) – This wildcards character will allow for any character in a single character position

Examples:   

??cel (The first and second characters can be anything, but the third through fifth characters must be “cel”)

Ex?el (The first and second characters must be “Ex”, the fourth and fifth characters must be “el”, but the third character can be anything)

Practical Examples

Task #1

We will use the DIR function to check if a file exists.  If the file doesn’t exist, we will display a “File does not exist” message to the user.  If the file exists, we will open the file.

Task #2

We will use the DIR function to check if a folder exists.  If the folder doesn’t exist, we will prompt the user to ask if they would like to create that folder.  If the responds with a “Yes”, we will create the folder for them.

Task #1 (Version 1) – Checking for the existence of a file

First, open the Visual Basic Editor (ALT-F11) and create an empty module (i.e. “LessonsFilesFolders”).

The DIR function returns a string, so we need to declare a variable named FileName to hold the returned value.

Dim FileName As String

The next step is to query a folder for a file and return the filename if it exists, or an empty string if the file does not exist.  We will store the response in the FileName variable we created in the previous step.

FileName = VBA.FileSystem.Dir(“your folder nameyour file name”)

In our example we will use the following code:

FileName = VBA.FileSystem.Dir(“C:UsersLGDesktopVBAS2_recordMacros_start.xlsx”)

If the file does not exist, the DIR function will return an empty string.  We will test for the empty string response with an IF statement.  If the file does not exist, we will display a message stating such.  If the file does exist, this first version will simply show the filename in a message box.

If FileName = VBA.Constants.vbNullString Then
    MsgBox "File does not exist."
Else
    MsgBox FileName
End If

The completed code should look like the following:

Sub FileExists()
Dim FileName As String
    FileName = VBA.FileSystem.Dir("C:UsersLGDesktopVBAS2_recordMacros_start.xlsx")
    If FileName = VBA.Constants.vbNullString Then
        MsgBox "File does not exist."
    Else
        MsgBox FileName
    End If
    
End Sub

Execute the code by pressing F5 and observe the response.

This confirms that the file exists in the defined folder.

Task #1 (Version 2) – Checking for the existence of a file using wildcards

Alter the code to use wildcards when searching for the filename.

FileName = VBA.FileSystem.Dir("C:UsersLGDesktopVBAS2_*start.xls?)

We will also alter the code; instead of displaying a message, we will open the requested file.

Workbooks.Open "C:UsersLGDesktopVBA" & FileName

The updated code should appear as follows:

Sub FileExists()
Dim FileName As String
    FileName = VBA.FileSystem.Dir("C:UsersLGDesktopVBAS2_*start.xls?")
    If FileName = VBA.Constants.vbNullString Then
        MsgBox "File does not exist."
    Else
        Workbooks.Open "C:UsersLGDesktopVBA" & FileName
    End If
    
End Sub

Execute the code by pressing F5 and observe that the file opens.

Task #2 – Check if a folder exists

In this task, we will check to see if a folder exists.  If the folder does not exist, we will prompt the user and ask if they would like to create the folder.

We will create two variables:

Path – Hold the full folderfilename information

Folder – Hold only the folder name

Dim Path as String
Dim Folder as String

We will set the Path variable to point to a folder that does not exist:

Path = “C:UsersLGDesktopVBAS12”

We will set the Folder variable to hold the folder location stored by the Path variable.  Because this is a folder, we will use the optional constant vbDirectory in the DIR function.

Folder = Dir(Path,vbDirectory)

As we did earlier, we will check to see if the response returns an empty string.  If the Folder variable contains an empty string, we will prompt the user to ask if they wish to create the folder.

We need to store the user’s response, so we will create a variable to hold the response.

Dim Answer as VbMsgBoxResult

If the folder does not exist, we will display a message and store the user’s response in the Answer variable.

Answer = MsgBox("Path does not exist. Would you like to create it?", vbYesNo, "Create Path?")

Now we will test the answer.  We will use a Case statement to test the response.

If the user responds with “Yes”, we will create the folder.  If the user responds with anything else, we will exit the subroutine.

Select Case Answer
    Case vbYes
        VBA.FileSystem.MkDir (Path)
    Case Else
        Exit Sub
End Select

If the folder does exist, we will inform the user of its existence with a message box response.

Else
    MsgBox "Folder exists."

The completed code should look like the following:

Sub Path_Exists()
Dim Path As String
Dim Folder As String
Dim Answer As VbMsgBoxResult
    Path = "C:UsersLGDesktopVBAS12"
    Folder = Dir(Path, vbDirectory)
 
    If Folder = vbNullString Then
        Answer = MsgBox("Path does not exist. Would you like to create it?", vbYesNo, "Create Path?")
        Select Case Answer
            Case vbYes
                VBA.FileSystem.MkDir (Path)
            Case Else
                Exit Sub
        End Select
    Else
        MsgBox "Folder exists."
    End If
End Sub

Execute the code by pressing F5.  Because the folder does not exist, we are presented with the following message prompt.

If we answer “Yes”, the folder is created.

If we execute the macro a second time, we see the following response.

This is because the folder was created in the previous test.

Conclusion

We have demonstrated how you can use the DIR function to test whether a file or folder exists and decide what actions you wish to perform depending on the outcome of the test.

Practice Workbook

Feel free to Download the Workbook HERE.

• 

VBA check if file exists example Excel Macro code helps to Check if file Exists in Location using Excel VBA. You can use FileSystemObject or Dir function to check if file Exists in Location using Excel VBA.

For example, When we are automating any task we generally save the output file in a location. Using this program we can check if there is any file exists already in the same location. So that we can delete or rename the old file.

• Solution
• Code
• Output
• Instructions
• Example File

Solution(s):

You can use FileSystemObject or Dir function to check if file Exists in Location using Excel VBA.Follwoing are the examples to show you how to check If a file is already exists in a folder or not. Follwoing are the two different methods.

Check if file Exists in Location using Excel VBA – Example Cases:

• Check if file Exists in Location using Excel VBA – Using FileSystemObjects
• Check if file Exists in Location using Excel VBA – Using Dir Function

Check if file Exists in Location using Excel VBA – Using FileSystemObjects

Following is the example to check if a file exists in a folder with using FileExists function of FileSystemObject.

Code:

'In this Example I am checking if Sample.xls file which exists in the same location of the macro file
Sub sbCheckingIfFileExists()

Dim FSO
Dim sFile As String

sFile = ThisWorkbook.Path & "Sample.xls"
'OR
'"C:Sample.xls" 'You can change this Loaction

Set FSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

If Not FSO.FileExists(sFile) Then
    MsgBox "Specified File Not Found", vbInformation, "Not Found"
Else
    MsgBox "Specified File Exists", vbInformation, "Exists"
End If

End Sub

Check if file Exists in Location using Excel VBA – Using Dir Function

Following is the example to check if a file exists in a folder with using Dir function.

Code:

'In this Example I am checking if Sample.xls file which exists in the same location of the macro file
Sub Check_If_File_Exists()

    Dim stFileName As String

    stFileName = ThisWorkbook.Path & "Sample.xls"  'You can change this location

    If Dir(stFileName) <> "" Then
        MsgBox "Specified File Exists", vbInformation, "Exists"
    Else
         MsgBox "Specified File Not Found", vbInformation, "Not Found"
    End If

End Sub

Output:

If file exists in a location, it will show following message. Otherwise it will show “Specified File Not Found” message.

Instructions:

1. Open an excel workbook
2. Press Alt+F11 to open VBA Editor
3. Insert a new module from Insert menu
4. Copy the above code and Paste in the code window
5. Press F5 to check the output
6. You should see a message box as shown above
7. Save the file as macro enabled workbook

Download Example File:

Please Download the following example file.
Analysistabs – Check if File Exists

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• • Solution(s):
• Check if file Exists in Location using Excel VBA – Example Cases:

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5 Comments

1. Raman Goel
   February 5, 2015 at 1:54 AM — Reply

   Hello,

   I like the above VBA coding and want to know if an macro can be created to see the list of files exist in some particular folder or not?
   and instead of msg box pop-up, it will just show it in one cell adjacent to the file name if it exist or not? If it can be done then it will resolve all my purpose. Please e-mail me at —- if you already have any sample macro for it.

   Thank you
2. PNRao
   February 5, 2015 at 8:32 PM — Reply
3. Raman Goel
   February 5, 2015 at 10:14 PM — Reply

   Thank you for the quick response!
   However, the link showed a Analysis of data and I need an macro to check for various files exist in particular folder or not. I am not sure if the same link can be modify for my need or not?

   Could you please help me and assist me if an macro can be created to check multiple files exist in the folder or not and instead of pop-up message box, it will show in excel columns only?

   Raman Goel

4. Raman Goel
   February 7, 2015 at 12:50 AM — Reply

   Thanks Buddy,

   Analysis Tab is awesome, however it is not resolving my purpose completely. The tab is pulling the file names from the folder but I still need to check the names manually to find if anything missing.
   We save some same set of files each day in particular folder, so what I am asking is if through formula it is possible to check if file exist or not and will revert with “Yes” or “No” then it will be great.

   i am not very good at excel so it is difficult for me to frame the formula. Can you please assist me if possible?

   Raman Goel

5. Raman Goel
   February 11, 2015 at 11:40 PM — Reply

   Thanks Buddy,
   Analysis Tab is awesome, however it is not resolving my purpose completely. The tab is pulling the file names from the folder but I still need to check the names manually to find if anything missing.
   We save some same set of files each day in particular folder, so what I am asking is if through formula it is possible to check if file exist or not and will revert with “Yes” or “No” then it will be great.
   i am not very good at excel so it is difficult for me to frame the formula. Can you please assist me if possible?
   Raman Goel

In VBA, you can check whether the file or a directory exists by using the Dir method. Look at the following Subroutine.

Sub fileOrDirectoryExists()     Dim full_path As String     full_path = «C:Excel1.png»     MsgBox Dir(full_path) <> «» End Sub

It will return the message True if the file exists.

But if you change

full_path = “C:Excel1.png”

to

full_path = “C:Excel “

It will also return True. You can modify the following code to return true only for files.

Sub fileExists() Dim full_path As String full_path = «C:Excel1.png» If Dir(full_path) <> «» Then If Right(full_path, 1) <> «« Then MsgBox True Else MsgBox False End If Else MsgBox False End If End Sub

The code If Right(full_path, 1) <> “” Then will be executed only if the first character from the right is “”.

Check if a file exists with FileSystemObject

There is another better way to check whether the file exists. This time we are going to use FileSystemObject. It provides an easy way to access a computer’s file system.

The following code will work in a similar way as the last one.

Sub fileExistsFSO() Dim fso_obj As Object Dim full_path As String full_path = «C:Excel1.png» Set fso_obj = CreateObject(«Scripting.FileSystemObject») MsgBox fso_obj.fileExists(full_path) End Sub

Check if files exist in a list

Let’s create a subroutine that will check a range of cells inside a worksheet and format. Cells will contain file paths to files.

But first, take a look at which files actually exist.

As you can see there are files from 1 to 10, with files 4, 5, and 6 missing. Take a look at our worksheet.

Select all cells from A1 to A12 and run the following code.

Sub fileExistsFSORange()     Dim Rng As Range     Set fso_obj = CreateObject(«Scripting.FileSystemObject»)     Set Rng = Selection     For Each Cell In Rng         If fso_obj.fileExists(Cell) Then             Cell.Font.Color = vbGreen         Else             Cell.Font.Color = vbRed         End If     Next Cell End Sub

All files that exist are green and the other files are read.

Check if the file exists function

So far we used subroutines. Let’s create a function that can be executed from the worksheet. Create a new module inside the current project and insert the following function.

Function FileExists(full_path As String)     Dim fso_obj As Object     Set fso_obj = CreateObject(«Scripting.FileSystemObject»)     FileExists = fso_obj.FileExists(full_path) End Function

Now, if you start typing you will see a new function called FileExists.

Create the function for all the data on the worksheet.

As you can see it correctly returned TRUE and FALSE values whether the file exists or not.

Post Views: 9,856

VBA Check If File Exists If Not Create It in Excel. If not create a new file with specified name using VBA in Excel. We are using 2 methods to check folder exists or not. Those are Dir VBA function and FileSystemObject object. In the following tutorial let us see an example macro code. And also see the step by step instructions to run VBA code in the visual basic editor(VBE) window.

Table of Contents:

• Overview
• Example to Check If File Exists If Not Create It using VBA Dir Function
• VBA Checking If File Exists If Not Create It using FileSystemObject(FSO) Object
• Instructions to Run VBA Macro Code
• Other Useful Resources

Example to Check If File Exists using VBA Dir Function

Let us see an example macro to check specified file exists or not. If it is not available create a new file using VBA Dir function to check file exists or not. First we are checking specified folder is available or not. If file is not available then creates a new file. In this case we creates a new Workbook. You can create any file like ppt, word, CSV, Notepad etc.

'VBA Checking If File Exists If Not Create It using Dir Function
Sub VBAF1_Check_If_File_Exists_If_Not_Create_It_Using_Dir_Function()

    'Variable declaration
    Dim sFolderPath As String
    Dim sFileName As String, sFilePath As String
    
    'Define Folder Path
    sFolderPath = "C:VBAF1Files and Folders"
    
    'Specify File Name which we we are looking for
    sFileName = "Sample.xlsx"
    
    'Create File Path
    sFilePath = sFolderPath & sFileName
    
    'Check Specified Folder exists or not
    If Dir(sFilePath) <> "" Then
        'Check file is available or not
        MsgBox "File already exists!", vbInformation, "VBAF1"
        Exit Sub
    End If
    
    'If file is not available
    Dim Wb As Workbook
    
    'Create New Workbook file
    Set Wb = Workbooks.Add
                  
    'Save File
    Wb.SaveAs sFolderPath & sFileName
    
    'Close Workbook
    Wb.Close
    
	'Display Message
    MsgBox "New file has created successfully!", vbInformation, "VBAF1"
	
End Sub

Output: You can find output of the above macro code.

VBA Checking If File Exists If Not Create It using FileSystemObject(FSO) Object

Let us another example macro to check specified file exists or not. If it is not available create a new file using VBA FileSystemObject(FSO) to check file exists or not.

'VBA Check If File Exists If Not Create It
Sub VBAF1_Check_If_File_Exists_If_Not_Create_It_Using_FSO()

    'Variable declaration
    Dim sFolderPath As String
    Dim sFileName As String, oFile As Object, bStatus As Boolean
    
    'Define Folder Path
    sFolderPath = "C:VBAF1Files and Folders"
    
    'Specify File Name which we we are looking for
    sFileName = "Sample2.xlsx"
    
    'Create FSO Object
    Set oFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
    
    'Check Specified Folder exists or not
    If oFSO.FolderExists(sFolderPath) Then
        'Check Specified file exists or not
        If oFSO.FileExists(sFolderPath & sFileName) Then
            'If file is available
            MsgBox "File already exists!", vbInformation, "VBAF1"
            Exit Sub
        End If
    End If
    
    'If file is not available
    Dim Wb As Workbook
    
    'Create New Workbook file
    Set Wb = Workbooks.Add
                  
    'Save File
    Wb.SaveAs sFolderPath & sFileName
    
    'Close Workbook
    Wb.Close
    
    'Display Message
    MsgBox "New file has created successfully!", vbInformation, "VBAF1"
    
End Sub

Instructions to Run VBA Macro Code or Procedure:

You can refer the following link for the step by step instructions.

Instructions to run VBA Macro Code

Other Useful Resources:

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