Excel vba for cell value

In this Article

  • VBA Loop Quick Examples
    • For Each Loops
    • For Next Loops
    • Do While Loops
    • Do Until Loops
  • VBA Loop Builder
  • VBA For Next Loop
    • For Loop Syntax
    • For Loop Step
    • For Loop Step – Inverse
    • Nested For Loop
    • Exit For
    • Continue For
  • VBA For Each Loop
    • For Each Cell in Range
    • For Each Worksheet in Workbook
    • For Each Open Workbook
    • For Each Shape in Worksheet
    • For Each Shape in Each Worksheet in Workbook
    • For Each – IF Loop
  • VBA Do While Loop
    • Do While
    • Loop While
  • VBA Do Until Loop
    • Do Until
    • Loop Until
  • Exit Do Loop
  • End or Break Loop
  • More Loop Examples
    • Loop Through Rows
    • Loop Through Columns
    • Loop Through Files in a Folder
    • Loop Through Array
  • Loops in Access VBA

To work effectively in VBA, you must understand Loops.

Loops allow you to repeat a code block a set number of times or repeat a code block on a each object in a set of objects.

First we will show you a few examples to show you what loops are capable of. Then we will teach you everything about loops.

VBA Loop Quick Examples

For Each Loops

For Each Loops loop through every object in a collection, such as every worksheet in workbook or every cell in a range.

Loop Through all Worksheets in Workbook

This code will loop through all worksheets in the workbook, unhiding each sheet:

Sub LoopThroughSheets()
Dim ws As Worksheet
 
    For Each ws In Worksheets
        ws.Visible = True
    Next
 
End Sub

Loop Through All Cells in Range

This code will loop through a range of cells, testing if the cell value is negative, positive, or zero:

Sub If_Loop()
Dim Cell as Range
 
  For Each Cell In Range("A2:A6")
    If Cell.Value > 0 Then
      Cell.Offset(0, 1).Value = "Positive"
    ElseIf Cell.Value < 0 Then
      Cell.Offset(0, 1).Value = "Negative"
    Else
      Cell.Offset(0, 1).Value = "Zero"
     End If
  Next Cell
 
End Sub

vba else if statement

For Next Loops

Another type of “For” Loop is the For Next Loop.  The For Next Loop allows you to loop through integers.

This code will loop through integers 1 through 10, displaying each with a message box:

Sub ForLoop()
    Dim i As Integer
    For i = 1 To 10
        MsgBox i
    Next i
End Sub

Do While Loops

Do While Loops will loop while a condition is met. This code will also loop through integers 1 through 10, displaying each with a message box.

Sub DoWhileLoop()
    Dim n As Integer
    n = 1
    Do While n < 11
        MsgBox n
        n = n + 1
    Loop
End Sub

Do Until Loops

Conversely, Do Until Loops will loop until a condition is met. This code does the same thing as the previous two examples.

Sub DoUntilLoop()
    Dim n As Integer
    n = 1
    Do Until n >= 10
        MsgBox n
        n = n + 1
    Loop
End Sub

We will discuss this below, but you need to be extremely careful when creating Do While or Do Until loops so that you don’t create a never ending loop.

VBA Loop Builder

vba loop builder

This is a screenshot of the “Loop Builder” from our Premium VBA Add-in: AutoMacro. The Loop Builder allows you to quickly and easily build loops to loop through different objects, or numbers. You can perform actions on each object and/or select only objects that meet certain criteria.

The add-in also contains many other code builders, an extensive VBA code library, and an assortment of coding tools. It’s a must have for any VBA developer.

Now we will cover the different types of loops in depth.

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VBA For Next Loop

For Loop Syntax

The For Next Loop allows you to repeat a block of code a specified number of times. The syntax is:

[Dim Counter as Integer]

For Counter = Start to End [Step Value]
    [Do Something]
Next [Counter]

Where the items in brackets are optional.

  • [Dim Counter as Long] – Declares the counter variable. Required if Option Explicit is declared at the top of your module.
  • Counter – An integer variable used to count
  • Start – The start value (Ex. 1)
  • End – The end value (Ex. 10)
  • [Step Value] – Allows you to count every n integers instead of every 1 integer. You can also go in reverse with a negative value (ex. Step -1)
  • [Do Something] – The code that will repeat
  • Next [Counter] – Closing statement to the For Next Loop. You can include the Counter or not. However, I strongly recommend including the counter as it makes your code easier to read.

If that’s confusing, don’t worry. We will review some examples:

Count to 10

This code will count to 10 using a For-Next Loop:

Sub ForEach_CountTo10()

Dim n As Integer
For n = 1 To 10
    MsgBox n
Next n

End Sub

For Loop Step

Count to 10 – Only Even Numbers

This code will count to 10 only counting even numbers:

Sub ForEach_CountTo10_Even()

Dim n As Integer
For n = 2 To 10 Step 2
    MsgBox n
Next n

End Sub

Notice we added “Step 2”. This tells the For Loop to “step” through the counter by 2.  We can also use a negative step value to step in reverse:

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For Loop Step – Inverse

Countdown from 10

This code will countdown from 10:

Sub ForEach_Countdown_Inverse()

Dim n As Integer
For n = 10 To 1 Step -1
    MsgBox n
Next n
MsgBox "Lift Off"

End Sub

Delete Rows if Cell is Blank

I’ve most frequently used a negative step For-Loop to loop through ranges of cells, deleting rows that meet certain criteria.  If you loop from the top rows to the bottom rows, as you delete rows you will mess up your counter.

This example will delete rows with blank cells (starting from the bottom row):

Sub ForEach_DeleteRows_BlankCells()

Dim n As Integer
For n = 10 To 1 Step -1
    If Range("a" & n).Value = "" Then
        Range("a" & n).EntireRow.Delete
    End If
Next n

End Sub

Nested For Loop

You can “nest” one For Loop inside another For Loop. We will use Nested For Loops to create a multiplication table:

Sub Nested_ForEach_MultiplicationTable()

Dim row As Integer, col As Integer

For row = 1 To 9
    For col = 1 To 9
        Cells(row + 1, col + 1).Value = row * col
    Next col
Next row

End Sub

vba nested for loop

Exit For

The Exit For statement allows you to exit a For Next loop immediately.

You would usually use Exit For along with an If Statement, exiting the For Next Loop if a certain condition is met.

For example, you might use a For Loop to find a cell. Once that cell is found, you can exit the loop to speed up your code.

This code will loop through rows 1 to 1000, looking for “error” in column A. If it’s found, the code will select the cell, alert you to the found error, and exit the loop:

Sub ExitFor_Loop()

Dim i As Integer
 
For i = 1 To 1000
    If Range("A" & i).Value = "error" Then
        Range("A" & i).Select
        MsgBox "Error Found"
        Exit For
    End If
Next i

End Sub

Important: In the case of Nested For Loops, Exit For only exits the current For Loop, not all active Loops.

Continue For

VBA does not have the “Continue” command that’s found in Visual Basic. Instead, you will need to use “Exit”.

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VBA For Each Loop

The VBA For Each Loop will loop through all objects in a collection:

  • All cells in a range
  • All worksheets in a workbook
  • All shapes in a worksheet
  • All open workbooks

You can also use Nested For Each Loops to:

  • All cells in a range on all worksheets
  • All shapes on all worksheets
  • All sheets in all open workbooks
  • and so on…

The syntax is:

For Each Object in Collection
[Do Something]
Next [Object]

Where:

  • Object – Variable representing a Range, Worksheet, Workbook, Shape, etc. (ex. rng)
  • Collection – Collection of objects (ex. Range(“a1:a10”)
  • [Do Something] – Code block to run on each object
  • Next [Object] – Closing statement. [Object] is optional, however strongly recommended.

For Each Cell in Range

This code will loop through each cell in a range:

Sub ForEachCell_inRange()

Dim cell As Range

For Each cell In Range("a1:a10")
    cell.Value = cell.Offset(0,1).Value
Next cell

End Sub

For Each Worksheet in Workbook

This code will loop through all worksheets in a workbook, unprotecting each sheet:

Sub ForEachSheet_inWorkbook()

Dim ws As Worksheet

For Each ws In Worksheets
    ws.Unprotect "password"
Next ws

End Sub

For Each Open Workbook

This code will save and close all open workbooks:

Sub ForEachWB_inWorkbooks()

Dim wb As Workbook

For Each wb In Workbooks
    wb.Close SaveChanges:=True
Next wb

End Sub

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For Each Shape in Worksheet

This code will delete all shapes in the active sheet.

Sub ForEachShape()

Dim shp As Shape

For Each shp In ActiveSheet.Shapes
    shp.Delete
Next shp

End Sub

For Each Shape in Each Worksheet in Workbook

You can also nest For Each Loops. Here we will loop through all shapes in all worksheets in the active workbook:

Sub ForEachShape_inAllWorksheets()

Dim shp As Shape, ws As Worksheet

For Each ws In Worksheets
    For Each shp In ws.Shapes
        shp.Delete
    Next shp
Next ws

End Sub

For Each – IF Loop

As we’ve mentioned before, you can use an If statement within a loop, performing actions only if certain criteria is met.

This code will hide all blank rows in a range:

Sub ForEachCell_inRange()

Dim cell As Range

For Each cell In Range("a1:a10")
    If cell.Value = "" Then _
       cell.EntireRow.Hidden = True
Next cell

End Sub

VBA Do While Loop

The VBA Do While and Do Until (see next section) are very similar. They will repeat a loop while (or until) a condition is met.

The Do While Loop will repeat a loop while a condition is met.

Here is the Do While Syntax:

Do While Condition
[Do Something]
Loop

Where:

  • Condition – The condition to test
  • [Do Something] – The code block to repeat

You can also set up a Do While loop with the Condition at the end of the loop:

Do 
[Do Something]
Loop While Condition

We will demo each one and show how they differ:

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Do While

Here is the Do While loop example we demonstrated previously:

Sub DoWhileLoop()
    Dim n As Integer
    n = 1
    Do While n < 11
        MsgBox n
        n = n + 1
    Loop
End Sub

Loop While

Now let’s run the same procedure, except we will move the condition to the end of the loop:

Sub DoLoopWhile()
    Dim n As Integer
    n = 1
    Do
        MsgBox n
        n = n + 1
    Loop While n < 11
End Sub

VBA Do Until Loop

Do Until Loops will repeat a loop until a certain condition is met. The syntax is essentially the same as the Do While loops:

Do Until Condition
[Do Something]
Loop

and similarly the condition can go at the start or the end of the loop:

Do 
[Do Something]
Loop Until Condition

Do Until

This do Until loop will count to 10, like our previous examples

Sub DoUntilLoop()
    Dim n As Integer
    n = 1
    Do Until n > 10
        MsgBox n
        n = n + 1
    Loop
End Sub

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Loop Until

This Loop Until loop will count to 10:

Sub DoLoopUntil()
    Dim n As Integer
    n = 1
    Do
        MsgBox n
        n = n + 1
    Loop Until n > 10
End Sub

Exit Do Loop

Similar to using Exit For to exit a For Loop, you use the Exit Do command to exit a Do Loop immediately

Exit Do

Here is an example of Exit Do:

Sub ExitDo_Loop()

Dim i As Integer
i = 1 

Do Until i > 1000
    If Range("A" & i).Value = "error" Then
        Range("A" & i).Select
        MsgBox "Error Found"
        Exit Do
    End If
    i = i + 1
Loop

End Sub

End or Break Loop

As we mentioned above, you can use the Exit For or Exit Do to exit loops:

Exit For
Exit Do

However, these commands must be added to your code before you run your loop.

If you are trying to “break” a loop that’s currently running, you can try pressing ESC or CTRL + Pause Break on the keyboard. However, this may not work.  If it doesn’t work, you’ll need to wait for your loop to end or, in the case of an endless loop, use CTRL + ALT + Delete to force close Excel.

This is why I try to avoid Do loops, it’s easier to accidentally create an endless loop forcing you to restart Excel, potentially losing your work.

More Loop Examples

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Loop Through Rows

This will loop through all the rows in a column:

Public Sub LoopThroughRows()
 
Dim cell As Range
 
For Each cell In Range("A:A")
    If cell.value <> "" Then MsgBox cell.address & ": " & cell.Value
Next cell
 
End Sub

Loop Through Columns

This will loop through all columns in a row:

Public Sub LoopThroughColumns()

Dim cell As Range

For Each cell In Range("1:1")
    If cell.Value <> "" Then MsgBox cell.Address & ": " & cell.Value
Next cell

End Sub

Loop Through Files in a Folder

This code will loop through all files in a folder, creating a list:

Sub LoopThroughFiles ()

Dim oFSO As Object
Dim oFolder As Object
Dim oFile As Object
Dim i As Integer

Set oFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

Set oFolder = oFSO.GetFolder("C:Demo)

i = 2

For Each oFile In oFolder.Files
    Range("A" & i).value = oFile.Name
    i = i + 1
Next oFile

End Sub

Loop Through Array

This code will loop through the array ‘arrList’:

For i = LBound(arrList) To UBound(arrList)
    MsgBox arrList(i)
Next i

The LBound function gets the “lower bound” of the array and UBound gets the “upper bound”.

Loops in Access VBA

Most of the examples above will also work in Access VBA. However, in Access, we loop through the Recordset Object rather than the Range Object.

Sub LoopThroughRecords()
   On Error Resume Next
   Dim dbs As Database
   Dim rst As Recordset
   Set dbs = CurrentDb
   Set rst = dbs.OpenRecordset("tblClients", dbOpenDynaset)
   With rst
      .MoveLast
      .MoveFirst
      Do Until .EOF = True
         MsgBox (rst.Fields("ClientName"))
        .MoveNext
     Loop
   End With
   rst.Close
   Set rst = Nothing
   Set dbs = Nothing
End Sub

Всё о работе с ячейками в Excel-VBA: обращение, перебор, удаление, вставка, скрытие, смена имени.

Содержание:

Table of Contents:

  • Что такое ячейка Excel?
  • Способы обращения к ячейкам
    • Выбор и активация
    • Получение и изменение значений ячеек
      • Ячейки открытой книги
      • Ячейки закрытой книги 
    • Перебор ячеек
    • Перебор в произвольном диапазоне
  • Свойства и методы ячеек
    • Имя ячейки
    • Адрес ячейки
    • Размеры ячейки
  • Запуск макроса активацией ячейки

2 нюанса:

  1. Я почти везде стараюсь использовать ThisWorkbook (а не, например, ActiveWorkbook) для обращения к текущей книге, в которой написан этот код (считаю это наиболее безопасным для новичков способом обращения к книгам, чтобы случайно не внести изменения в другие книги). Для экспериментов можете вставлять этот код в модули, коды книги, либо листа, и он будет работать только в пределах этой книги. 
  2. Я использую английский эксель и у меня по стандарту листы называются Sheet1, Sheet2 и т.д. Если вы работаете в русском экселе, то замените Thisworkbook.Sheets(«Sheet1») на Thisworkbook.Sheets(«Лист1»). Если этого не сделать, то вы получите ошибку в связи с тем, что пытаетесь обратиться к несуществующему объекту. Можно также заменить на Thisworkbook.Sheets(1), но это менее безопасно.

Что такое ячейка Excel?

В большинстве мест пишут: «элемент, образованный пересечением столбца и строки». Это определение полезно для людей, которые не знакомы с понятием «таблица». Для того, чтобы понять чем на самом деле является ячейка Excel, необходимо заглянуть в объектную модель Excel. При этом определения объектов «ряд», «столбец» и «ячейка» будут отличаться в зависимости от того, как мы работаем с файлом.

Объекты в Excel-VBA. Пока мы работаем в Excel без углубления в VBA определение ячейки как «пересечения» строк и столбцов нам вполне хватает, но если мы решаем как-то автоматизировать процесс в VBA, то о нём лучше забыть и просто воспринимать лист как «мешок» ячеек, с каждой из которых VBA позволяет работать как минимум тремя способами:

  1. по цифровым координатам (ряд, столбец),
  2. по адресам формата А1, B2 и т.д. (сценарий целесообразности данного способа обращения в VBA мне сложно представить)
  3. по уникальному имени (во втором и третьем вариантах мы будем иметь дело не совсем с ячейкой, а с объектом VBA range, который может состоять из одной или нескольких ячеек). Функции и методы объектов Cells и Range отличаются. Новичкам я бы порекомендовал работать с ячейками VBA только с помощью Cells и по их цифровым координатам и использовать Range только по необходимости.

Все три способа обращения описаны далее

Как это хранится на диске и как с этим работать вне Excel? С точки зрения хранения и обработки вне Excel и VBA. Сделать это можно, например, сменив расширение файла с .xls(x) на .zip и открыв этот архив.

Пример содержимого файла Excel:

Далее xl -> worksheets и мы видим файл листа

Содержимое файла:

 То же, но более наглядно:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<worksheet xmlns="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main" xmlns:r="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="x14ac xr xr2 xr3" xmlns:x14ac="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/spreadsheetml/2009/9/ac" xmlns:xr="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/spreadsheetml/2014/revision" xmlns:xr2="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/spreadsheetml/2015/revision2" xmlns:xr3="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/spreadsheetml/2016/revision3" xr:uid="{00000000-0001-0000-0000-000000000000}">
	<dimension ref="B2:F6"/>
	<sheetViews>
		<sheetView tabSelected="1" workbookViewId="0">
			<selection activeCell="D12" sqref="D12"/>
		</sheetView>
	</sheetViews>
	<sheetFormatPr defaultRowHeight="14.4" x14ac:dyDescent="0.3"/>
	<sheetData>
		<row r="2" spans="2:6" x14ac:dyDescent="0.3">
			<c r="B2" t="s">
				<v>0</v>
			</c>
		</row>
		<row r="3" spans="2:6" x14ac:dyDescent="0.3">
			<c r="C3" t="s">
				<v>1</v>
			</c>
		</row>
		<row r="4" spans="2:6" x14ac:dyDescent="0.3">
			<c r="D4" t="s">
				<v>2</v>
			</c>
		</row>
		<row r="5" spans="2:6" x14ac:dyDescent="0.3">
			<c r="E5" t="s">
				<v>0</v></c>
		</row>
		<row r="6" spans="2:6" x14ac:dyDescent="0.3">
			<c r="F6" t="s"><v>3</v>
		</c></row>
	</sheetData>
	<pageMargins left="0.7" right="0.7" top="0.75" bottom="0.75" header="0.3" footer="0.3"/>
</worksheet>

Как мы видим, в структуре объектной модели нет никаких «пересечений». Строго говоря рабочая книга — это архив структурированных данных в формате XML. При этом в каждую «строку» входит «столбец», и в нём в свою очередь прописан номер значения данного столбца, по которому оно подтягивается из другого XML файла при открытии книги для экономии места за счёт отсутствия повторяющихся значений. Почему это важно. Если мы захотим написать какой-то обработчик таких файлов, который будет напрямую редактировать данные в этих XML, то ориентироваться надо на такую модель и структуру данных. И правильное определение будет примерно таким: ячейка — это объект внутри столбца, который в свою очередь находится внутри строки в файле xml, в котором хранятся данные о содержимом листа.

Способы обращения к ячейкам

Выбор и активация

Почти во всех случаях можно и стоит избегать использования методов Select и Activate. На это есть две причины:

  1. Это лишь имитация действий пользователя, которая замедляет выполнение программы. Работать с объектами книги можно напрямую без использования методов Select и Activate.
  2. Это усложняет код и может приводить к неожиданным последствиям. Каждый раз перед использованием Select необходимо помнить, какие ещё объекты были выбраны до этого и не забывать при необходимости снимать выбор. Либо, например, в случае использования метода Select в самом начале программы может быть выбрано два листа вместо одного потому что пользователь запустил программу, выбрав другой лист.

Можно выбирать и активировать книги, листы, ячейки, фигуры, диаграммы, срезы, таблицы и т.д.

Отменить выбор  ячеек можно методом Unselect:

Selection.Unselect

Отличие выбора от активации — активировать можно только один объект из раннее выбранных. Выбрать можно несколько объектов.

Если вы записали и редактируете код макроса, то лучше всего заменить Select и Activate на конструкцию With … End With. Например, предположим, что мы записали вот такой макрос:

Sub Macro1()
' Macro1 Macro
    Range("F4:F10,H6:H10").Select 'выбрали два несмежных диапазона зажав ctrl
    Range("H6").Activate          'показывает только то, что я начал выбирать второй диапазон с этой ячейки (она осталась белой). Это действие ни на что не влияет
    With Selection.Interior       
        .Pattern = xlSolid
        .PatternColorIndex = xlAutomatic
        .Color = 65535            'залили желтым цветом, нажав на кнопку заливки на верхней панели
        .TintAndShade = 0
        .PatternTintAndShade = 0
    End With
End Sub

Почему макрос записался таким неэффективным образом? Потому что в каждый момент времени (в каждой строке) программа не знает, что вы будете делать дальше. Поэтому в записи выбор ячеек и действия с ними — это два отдельных действия. Этот код лучше всего оптимизировать (особенно если вы хотите скопировать его внутрь какого-нибудь цикла, который должен будет исполняться много раз и перебирать много объектов). Например, так:

Sub Macro11()
'
' Macro1 Macro
    Range("F4:F10,H6:H10").Select '1. смотрим, что за объект выбран (что идёт до .Select)
    Range("H6").Activate
    With Selection.Interior       '2. понимаем, что у выбранного объекта есть свойство interior, с которым далее идёт работа
        .Pattern = xlSolid
        .PatternColorIndex = xlAutomatic
        .Color = 65535
        .TintAndShade = 0
        .PatternTintAndShade = 0
    End With
End Sub



Sub Optimized_Macro()
    With Range("F4:F10,H6:H10").Interior '3. переносим объект напрямую в конструкцию With вместо Selection
' ////// Здесь я для надёжности прописал бы ещё Thisworkbook.Sheet("ИмяЛиста") перед Range,
' ////// чтобы минимизировать риск любых случайных изменений других листов и книг
' ////// With Thisworkbook.Sheet("ИмяЛиста").Range("F4:F10,H6:H10").Interior
        .Pattern = xlSolid               '4. полностью копируем всё, что было записано рекордером внутрь блока with
        .PatternColorIndex = xlAutomatic
        .Color = 55555                   '5. здесь я поменял цвет на зеленый, чтобы было видно, работает ли код при поочерёдном запуске двух макросов
        .TintAndShade = 0
        .PatternTintAndShade = 0
    End With
End Sub

Пример сценария, когда использование Select и Activate оправдано:

Допустим, мы хотим, чтобы во время исполнения программы мы одновременно изменяли несколько листов одним действием и пользователь видел какой-то определённый лист. Это можно сделать примерно так:

Sub Select_Activate_is_OK()
Thisworkbook.Worksheets(Array("Sheet1", "Sheet3")).Select 'Выбираем несколько листов по именам
Thisworkbook.Worksheets("Sheet3").Activate 'Показываем пользователю третий лист
'Далее все действия с выбранными ячейками через Select будут одновременно вносить изменения в оба выбранных листа

'Допустим, что тут мы решили покрасить те же два диапазона:
Range("F4:F10,H6:H10").Select
    Range("H6").Activate
    With Selection.Interior       
        .Pattern = xlSolid
        .PatternColorIndex = xlAutomatic
        .Color = 65535
        .TintAndShade = 0
        .PatternTintAndShade = 0
    End With

End Sub

Единственной причиной использовать этот код по моему мнению может быть желание зачем-то показать пользователю определённую страницу книги в какой-то момент исполнения программы. С точки зрения обработки объектов, опять же, эти действия лишние.

Получение и изменение значений ячеек

Значение ячеек можно получать/изменять с помощью свойства value. 

'Если нужно прочитать / записать значение ячейки, то используется свойство Value
a = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells (1,1).Value 'записать значение ячейки А1 листа "Sheet1" в переменную "a"
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells (1,1).Value = 1  'задать значение ячейки А1 (первый ряд, первый столбец) листа "Sheet1"

'Если нужно прочитать текст как есть (с форматированием), то можно использовать свойство .text:
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells (1,1).Text = "1" 
a = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells (1,1).Text

'Когда проявится разница:
'Например, если мы считываем дату в формате "31 декабря 2021 г.", хранящуюся как дата
a = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells (1,1).Value 'эапишет как "31.12.2021"
a = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells (1,1).Text  'запишет как "31 декабря 2021 г."

Ячейки открытой книги

К ячейкам можно обращаться:

'В книге, в которой хранится макрос (на каком-то из листов, либо в отдельном модуле или форме)
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(1,1).Value        'По номерам строки и столбца
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(1,"A").Value      'По номерам строки и букве столбца
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Range("A1").Value       'По адресу - вариант 1
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").[A1].Value              'По адресу - вариант 2
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Range("CellName").Value 'По имени ячейки (для этого ей предварительно нужно его присвоить)

'Те же действия, но с использованием полного названия рабочей книги (книга должна быть открыта)
Workbooks("workbook.xlsm").Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(1,1).Value 'По номерам строки и столбца
Workbooks("workbook.xlsm").Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(1,"A").Value                'По номерам строки и букве столбца
Workbooks("workbook.xlsm").Sheets("Sheet1").Range("A1").Value                 'По адресу - вариант 1
Workbooks("workbook.xlsm").Sheets("Sheet1").[A1].Value                        'По адресу - вариант 2
Workbooks("workbook.xlsm").Sheets("Sheet1").Range("CellName").Value           'По имени ячейки (для этого ей предварительно нужно его присвоить)

Ячейки закрытой книги

Если нужно достать или изменить данные в другой закрытой книге, то необходимо прописать открытие и закрытие книги. Непосредственно работать с закрытой книгой не получится, потому что данные в ней хранятся отдельно от структуры и при открытии Excel каждый раз производит расстановку значений по соответствующим «слотам» в структуре. Подробнее о том, как хранятся данные в xlsx см выше.

Workbooks.Open Filename:="С:closed_workbook.xlsx"    'открыть книгу (она становится активной)
a = ActiveWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(1,1).Value  'достать значение ячейки 1,1
ActiveWorkbook.Close False                            'закрыть книгу (False => без сохранения)

Скачать пример, в котором можно посмотреть, как доставать и как записывать значения в закрытую книгу. 

Код из файла:

Option Explicit
Sub get_value_from_closed_wb() 'достать значение из закрытой книги
Dim a, wb_path, wsh As String
wb_path = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 3).Value 'get path to workbook from sheet1
wsh = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(3, 3).Value
Workbooks.Open Filename:=wb_path
a = ActiveWorkbook.Sheets(wsh).Cells(3, 3).Value
ActiveWorkbook.Close False
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(4, 3).Value = a
End Sub

Sub record_value_to_closed_wb() 'записать значение в закрытую книгу
Dim wb_path, b, wsh As String
wsh = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(3, 3).Value
wb_path = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 3).Value 'get path to workbook from sheet1
b = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(5, 3).Value 'get value to record in the target workbook
Workbooks.Open Filename:=wb_path
ActiveWorkbook.Sheets(wsh).Cells(4, 4).Value = b 'add new value to cell D4 of the target workbook
ActiveWorkbook.Close True
End Sub

Перебор ячеек

Перебор в произвольном диапазоне

Скачать файл со всеми примерами

Пройтись по всем ячейкам в нужном диапазоне можно разными способами. Основные:

  1. Цикл For Each. Пример:
    Sub iterate_over_cells()
    
    For Each c In ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Range("B2:D4").Cells
    MsgBox (c)
    Next c
    
    End Sub​

    Этот цикл выведет в виде сообщений значения ячеек в диапазоне B2:D4 по порядку по строкам слева направо и по столбцам — сверху вниз. Данный способ можно использовать для действий, в который вам не важны номера ячеек (закрашивание, изменение форматирования, пересчёт чего-то и т.д.).

  2. Ту же задачу можно решить с помощью двух вложенных циклов — внешний будет перебирать ряды, а вложенный — ячейки в рядах. Этот способ я использую чаще всего, потому что он позволяет получить больше контроля над исполнением: на каждой итерации цикла нам доступны координаты ячеек. Для перебора всех ячеек на листе этим методом потребуется найти последнюю заполненную ячейку. Пример кода:
    Sub iterate_over_cells()
    
    Dim cl, rw As Integer
    Dim x As Variant
    
    'перебор области 3x3
    For rw = 1 To 3 ' цикл для перебора рядов 1-3
    
        For cl = 1 To 3 'цикл для перебора столбцов 1-3
            x = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(rw + 1, cl + 1).Value
            MsgBox (x)
        Next cl
    Next rw
    
    
    
    'перебор всех ячеек на листе. Последняя ячейка определена с помощью UsedRange
    'LastRow = ActiveSheet.UsedRange.Row + ActiveSheet.UsedRange.Rows.Count - 1
    'LastCol = ActiveSheet.UsedRange.Column + ActiveSheet.UsedRange.Columns.Count - 1
    'For rw = 1 To LastRow 'цикл перебора всех рядов
    '    For cl = 1 To LastCol 'цикл для перебора всех столбцов
    '        Действия 
    '    Next cl
    'Next rw
    
    
    End Sub​
  3. Если нужно перебрать все ячейки в выделенном диапазоне на активном листе, то код будет выглядеть так:
    Sub iterate_cell_by_cell_over_selection()
        Dim ActSheet As Worksheet
        Dim SelRange As Range
        Dim cell As Range
        
     
        Set ActSheet = ActiveSheet
        Set SelRange = Selection
        
        'if we want to do it in every cell of the selected range
        For Each cell In Selection
        MsgBox (cell.Value)
        
        Next cell
    
    End Sub​

    Данный метод подходит для интерактивных макросов, которые выполняют действия над выбранными пользователем областями.

  4. Перебор ячеек в ряду
    Sub iterate_cells_in_row()
        Dim i, RowNum, StartCell As Long
        
        RowNum = 3 'какой ряд
        StartCell = 0 ' номер начальной ячейки (минус 1, т.к. в цикле мы прибавляем i)
        
        For i = 1 To 10 ' 10 ячеек в выбранном ряду
        ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(RowNum, i + StartCell).Value = i '(i + StartCell) добавляет 1 к номеру столбца при каждом повторении
        Next i
    
    End Sub
  5. Перебор ячеек в столбце
    Sub iterate_cells_in_column()
        Dim i, ColNum, StartCell As Long
        
        ColNum = 3 'какой столбец
        StartCell = 0 ' номер начальной ячейки (минус 1, т.к. в цикле мы прибавляем i)
        
        For i = 1 To 10 ' 10 ячеек
        ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(i + StartCell, ColNum).Value = i ' (i + StartCell) добавляет 1 к номеру ряда при каждом повторении
        Next i
    
    End Sub​

Свойства и методы ячеек

Имя ячейки

Присвоить новое имя можно так:

Thisworkbook.Sheets(1).Cells(1,1).name = "Новое_Имя"

Для того, чтобы сменить имя ячейки нужно сначала удалить существующее имя, а затем присвоить новое. Удалить имя можно так:

ActiveWorkbook.Names("Старое_Имя").Delete

Пример кода для переименования ячеек:

Sub rename_cell()

old_name = "Cell_Old_Name"
new_name = "Cell_New_Name"

ActiveWorkbook.Names(old_name).Delete
ThisWorkbook.Sheets(1).Cells(2, 1).Name = new_name
End Sub

Sub rename_cell_reverse()

old_name = "Cell_New_Name"
new_name = "Cell_Old_Name"

ActiveWorkbook.Names(old_name).Delete
ThisWorkbook.Sheets(1).Cells(2, 1).Name = new_name
End Sub

Адрес ячейки

Sub get_cell_address() ' вывести адрес ячейки в формате буква столбца, номер ряда
  '$A$1 style
  txt_address = ThisWorkbook.Sheets(1).Cells(3, 2).Address
  MsgBox (txt_address)
End Sub

Sub get_cell_address_R1C1()' получить адрес столбца в формате номер ряда, номер столбца
  'R1C1 style
  txt_address = ThisWorkbook.Sheets(1).Cells(3, 2).Address(ReferenceStyle:=xlR1C1)
  MsgBox (txt_address)
End Sub

  'пример функции, которая принимает 2 аргумента: название именованного диапазона и тип желаемого адреса 
  '(1- тип $A$1 2- R1C1 - номер ряда, столбца)
Function get_cell_address_by_name(str As String, address_type As Integer)
  '$A$1 style
  Select Case address_type
    Case 1
      txt_address = Range(str).Address
    Case 2
      txt_address = Range(str).Address(ReferenceStyle:=xlR1C1)
    Case Else
      txt_address = "Wrong address type selected. 1,2 available"
    End Select
  get_cell_address_by_name = txt_address
End Function

'перед запуском нужно убедиться, что в книге есть диапазон с названием, 
'адрес которого мы хотим получить, иначе будет ошибка
Sub test_function() 'запустите эту программу, чтобы увидеть, как работает функция
  x = get_cell_address_by_name("MyValue", 2)
  MsgBox (x)
End Sub

Размеры ячейки

Ширина и длина ячейки в VBA меняется, например, так:

Sub change_size()
Dim x, y As Integer
Dim w, h As Double

'получить координаты целевой ячейки
x = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 2).Value
y = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(3, 2).Value

'получить желаемую ширину и высоту ячейки
w = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(6, 2).Value
h = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(7, 2).Value

'сменить высоту и ширину ячейки с координатами x,y
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(x, y).RowHeight = h
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(x, y).ColumnWidth = w


End Sub

Прочитать значения ширины и высоты ячеек можно двумя способами (однако результаты будут в разных единицах измерения). Если написать просто Cells(x,y).Width или Cells(x,y).Height, то будет получен результат в pt (привязка к размеру шрифта). 

Sub get_size()
Dim x, y As Integer
'получить координаты ячейки, с которой мы будем работать
x = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 2).Value
y = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(3, 2).Value

'получить длину и ширину выбранной ячейки в тех же единицах измерения, в которых мы их задавали
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(2, 6).Value = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(x, y).ColumnWidth
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(3, 6).Value = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(x, y).RowHeight

'получить длину и ширину с помощью свойств ячейки (только для чтения) в поинтах (pt)
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(7, 9).Value = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(x, y).Width
ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(8, 9).Value = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(x, y).Height

End Sub

Скачать файл с примерами изменения и чтения размера ячеек

Запуск макроса активацией ячейки

Для запуска кода VBA при активации ячейки необходимо вставить в код листа нечто подобное:

3 важных момента, чтобы это работало:

1. Этот код должен быть вставлен в код листа (здесь контролируется диапазон D4)

2-3. Программа, ответственная за запуск кода при выборе ячейки, должна называться Worksheet_SelectionChange и должна принимать значение переменной Target, относящейся к триггеру SelectionChange. Другие доступные триггеры можно посмотреть в правом верхнем углу (2).

Скачать файл с базовым примером (как на картинке)

Скачать файл с расширенным примером (код ниже)

Option Explicit

Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range)

        ' имеем в виду, что триггер SelectionChange будет запускать эту Sub после каждого клика мышью (после каждого клика будет проверяться:
          '1. количество выделенных ячеек и 
          '2. не пересекается ли выбранный диапазон с заданным в этой программе диапазоном.
        ' поэтому в эту программу не стоит без необходимости писать никаких других тяжелых операций

    If Selection.Count = 1 Then 'запускаем программу только если выбрано не более 1 ячейки


    'вариант модификации - брать адрес ячейки из другой ячейки:
    'Dim CellName as String
    'CellName = Activesheet.Cells(1,1).value 'брать текстовое имя контролируемой ячейки из A1 (должно быть в формате Буква столбца + номер строки)
    'If Not Intersect(Range(CellName), Target) Is Nothing Then
    'для работы этой модификации следующую строку надо закомментировать/удалить



        If Not Intersect(Range("D4"), Target) Is Nothing Then 
        'если заданный (D4) и выбранный диапазон пересекаются 
        '(пересечение диапазонов НЕ равно Nothing)

        'можно прописать диапазон из нескольких ячеек:
        'If Not Intersect(Range("D4:E10"), Target) Is Nothing Then
        'можно прописать несколько диапазонов:
        'If Not Intersect(Range("D4:E10"), Target) Is Nothing or Not Intersect(Range("A4:A10"), Target) Is Nothing Then

            Call program 'выполняем программу
        End If
    End If
End Sub

Sub program()

MsgBox ("Program Is running") 'здесь пишем код того, что произойдёт при выборе нужной ячейки


End Sub

The art of Excel VBA programming is in the manipulation of properties of objects of Excel. The more skillfully you can play with these objects and properties, the more powerful the macros you can build.

The number one object in Excel you have to process is by far the Range object. In this article, I am going to walk you through the critical skills to loop through ranges in Excel worksheets.

Loop through cells in a range

The main skill to loop through a range is with FOR-NEXT loops.  There are two FOR-NEXT loop conventions, which are both very useful when we loop through ranges. I would highly recommend to learn both skills.

Method 1: with a range variable

In the Range object, there are many Cell objects. We can therefore think of a Range as a group of Cells. We can effectively use the “For Each element In group” convention of the For-Next statement to loop through every Cell inside a Range.

A group of cells make up a range

The macro LoopCells1 loops through every cell in Range “A1:C5” and applies a sequential counter into the content of each cell.

Sub LoopCells1()
Dim cell As Range
Dim counter As Integer

'loop through each cell object element within a range
For Each cell In Range("A1:C5").Cells
    counter = counter + 1	'denotes the nth cell
    cell.Value = counter
Next
End Sub

The result after running the macro looks like this:

Results of counter loop through in Excel

Method 2: with a numeric variable

Most VBA users are more confident with the For-Next loop convention of:

For counter = start To end

This convention can also be used to loop through cells within a range. The macro “LoopCells2” demonstrates how to loop through each cell in range A1:C5 by referring to the index number of cells. The loop begins with the index number of 1 to the upper bound which is the total number of cells in the range.

Sub LoopCells2()
Dim c As Long
Dim counter As Integer

'loop through each cell within a range by calling the index number of the cells
For c = 1 To Range("A1:C5").Cells.Count
    'put the index number into cell
    Range("A1:C5").Cells(c).Value = c 
Next
End Sub

The result after running the macro “LoopCells2” looks identical to the result of the previous macro “LoopCells1”.

Identical results for second macro

Important note on numeric variable type

One limitation of this method is with the upper limit of the numeric variable being declared and used in the For-Next loop. There are a few points you need to bear in mind:

  • Avoid declaring an Integer typing variable for this purpose because the number of cells in a worksheet is far more than 32,767.
  • Declare a Long variable instead, so that the loop can process up to 2,147,483,648 cells, which serves most cases.
  • Declaring a Double variable type won’t solve the limitation.
  • In case your process exceeded the limit of even a long variable, you will have to restructure your For-Next loop to use the “For Each element In group” convention.

But even with such limitations, this is still a very useful method. It’s often used because, in most situations, the limits of the variable type won’t be reached.

Note on order of cells being processed

When using either of the two methods above, the cells in the range are being processed in the same sequence: from left to right, then from top to bottom. The picture below visualizes such sequence:

Arrows showing the order that cells are processed

If you want the cells to be processed in a different order, you need to learn other strategies which will be explained in the next few sections.

Loop through rows or columns in a range

Sometimes we want to loop through each row in a range (from top to bottom). Similar to looping through cells, we can do it with both conventions of the For-Next statement, either with a range object variable or a numeric variable.

Method 1: with a range variable

Sub LoopRows1()
Dim r As Range
Dim MyString As String

'Loop through each row, and apply a yellow colow fill
For Each r In Range("A1:C5").Rows
    r.Interior.ColorIndex = 6
Next
End Sub

To loop through columns, we just need to change the first line of the For-Next loop to go through the columns instead. In the example below, we want to loop through each column in range A1:C5, and change the column heading to Proper Case (first letter of each word in capital).

Excel table showing client number, address, and postal code

Sub LoopColumn1()
Dim c As Range
Dim MyString As String

'Loop through each column and set first cell to Proper Case
For Each c In Range("A1:C5").Columns
    c.Cells(1).Value = StrConv(c.Cells(1).Value, vbProperCase)
Next
End Sub

Method 2: with a numeric variable

In this example, we want to loop through every column in a data table. (See picture of our sample data below.) If a column contains numeric data, we set the NumberFormat to 2 decimal places.

Excel table showing orders items and unit costs

'apply 0.00 number format to columns with numeric values
Sub FormatNumericColumns()
Dim c As Integer
Dim MyString As String

With Range("A1").CurrentRegion
For c = 1 To .Columns.Count
    'test 2nd cell of column for numeric value
    If IsNumeric(.Columns(c).Cells(2).Value) Then
        .Columns(c).NumberFormat = "0.00"
    End If
Next
End Sub

The result of the macro looks like the image below. The number format of the last 3 columns with numeric data has been set to 2 decimal places.

Macro results

(The dates in the first column are not considered by the VBA IsNumeric function as numeric. Please read my other article all about IsNumeric for more detail on this topic.)

Advanced strategies

Deleting columns (or rows)

Here we want to write a macro to delete the three columns with headings with the word “delete” (the yellow columns). We can tackle this problem with a For-Next loop we learned in the sections above.

Three columns in a row in Excel are highlighted to delete

First Attempt:

We can try to loop through each column with the “For Each element In group” convention. The macro below looks simple and straight-forward enough, looping through each column (element) within the group of columns in range A1:C5.

Sub DeleteColmns1()
Dim c As Range
Dim x As Integer
    With Range("A1:E5")
        For Each c In .Columns
            If c.Cells(1).Value = "delete" Then
                c.Delete
            End If
        Next
    End With
End Sub

The result of the macro looks like the picture below. The macro has failed to delete all the three columns.

Results of deletion

Reminder: When looping through a range, if you want to apply structural change to the range, NEVER use  the “For Each element In group” convention because it may create unexpected results. In some cases, (e.g. insert columns), it will even cause an infinite loop and your Excel may be frozen and you’ll have to force quit Excel and lose your unsaved work.

Second Attempt:

Now, how about using the “For counter = start To end” convention?

Sub DeleteColmns2()
Dim tmp As Integer
Dim x As Integer
    With Range("A1:E5")
        For x = 1 To .Columns.Count
            If .Columns(x).Cells(1).Value = "delete" Then
                .Columns(x).Delete
            End If
        Next
    End With
End Sub

The result looks identical to that of the previous macro:

Results look the same

If we looked at the result more carefully, we noticed that the original 2nd and 4th column were deleted, but the original 3rd column was not. This was because when the 2nd column was deleted (when x=2), the 3rd column has become the 2nd column which has been skipped when the For-Next loop proceed to process x = 3.

Solution:

So, how do we tackle this problem? The answer is with the For-Next statement convention of “For counter = end To start step -1″, which processes the range from back to front (from the last column backward to the first column).

Sub DeleteColumnFinal()
Dim x As Integer
    With Range("A1").CurrentRegion
        For x = .Columns.Count To 1 Step -1
            If .Columns(x).Cells(1).Value = "delete" Then
                .Columns(x).Delete
            End If
        Next
    End With
End Sub

Loop though every n-th row in a range

We have a data table, and we want to apply a yellow shading (fill) to the odd number rows. And we don’t want to shade the first row which contains the field headings.

More sample order data in Excel

Solution 1:

We can use the “For counter = start To end” convention to tackle this problem. We can loop through each row beginning from the 2nd row (which bypassed the field headings). If the row number is odd, we apply a yellow color.

'Shade alternate (even) rows of data
Sub ShadeRows1()
Dim r As Long
With Range("A1").CurrentRegion
    For r = 1 To .Rows.Count
        If r / 2 = Int(r / 2) Then 'even rows
            .Rows(r).Interior.ColorIndex = 6
        End If
    Next
End With
End Sub

Results of the macro with rows highlighted

To enhance the macro to shade every n-th row, simply change the 2 in line 5 to n. For example:

If r / 3 = Int(r / 3) Then 'every 3 rows

Solution 2:

We can also use the “For counter =  start to end step 2” convention. In the macro “ShadeRows2”, the loop begins from the 2nd row and then the 4th row, then 6th row, etc.

'Shade alternate (odd) rows of data from the 3rd row
Sub ShadeRows2()
Dim r As Long
With Range("A1").CurrentRegion
    'begin from 2nd and shade every other row
    For r = 2 To .Rows.Count Step 2
        .Rows(r).Interior.ColorIndex = 6
    Next
End With
End Sub

To enhance the macro to shade every 3rd row, simple change the 2 in line 5 to 3. For example:

For r = 3 To .Rows.Count Step 3

Conclusion

We have gone through in detail the different approaches to loop through a range in VBA, including the pitfalls and a couple of special scenarios. These techniques can also be applied in combination or with other VBA techniques to achieve more powerful automation with worksheet ranges in your macros.

Key Notes

  • The value property can be used in both ways (you can read and write a value from a cell).
  • You can refer to a cell using Cells and Range Object to set a cell value (to Get and Change also).

To set a cell value, you need to use the “Value” property, and then you need to define the value that you want to set. Here I have used some examples to help you understand this.

1. Enter a Value in a Cell

Let’s say you need to enter the value “Done” in cell A1. In that case, the code would be something like the below:

Range("A1").Value = "Done"

As you can see, I have first defined the cell address where I want to add the value, and then the value property. In the end, I have assigned the value “Done” using an equal “=” sign enclosed in double quotation marks.

You can also use the “Cells” property, just like the following code.

Cells(1, 1).Value = "Done"

The above code also refers to cell A1.

Apart from this, there is one more way that you can use and that’s by not using the value property directly assigning the value to the cell.

Cells(1, 1) = "Done"

But this is recommended to use the value property to enter a value in a cell.

Now let’s say you want to enter a number in a cell. In that case, you don’t need to use double quotation marks. You can write the code like the following.

Range("A1") = 99

You can also DATE and NOW (VBA Functions) to enter a date or a timestamp in a cell using a VBA code.

Range("A1").Value = Date
Range("A2").Value = Now

And if you want to enter a value in the active cell then the code you need would be like:

ActiveCell.Value = Date

2. Using an Input Box

If you want a user to specify a value to enter in a cell you can use an input box. Let’s say you want to enter the value in cell A1, the code would be like this:

Range("A1").Value = _
InputBox(Prompt:="Type the value you want enter in A1.")

In the above code, the value from cell A1 assigns to the value returned by the input box that returns the value entered by the user.

3. From Another Cell

You can also set cell value using the value from another cell. Let’s say if you want to add value to cell A1 from the cell B1, the code would be:

Range("A1") = Range("B1").Value

You can also refer to cell B1 without using the value property.

Range("A1") = Range("B1")

4. Set Value in an Entire Range

Imagine you want to enter values in multiple cells or a range of cells instead of a single cell, in that case, you need to write code like the below:

Range("A1:A10").Value = Date
Range("B1, B10").Value = Now

In the first line of code, you have an entire range from cell A1 to A10, and in the second line, there are two cells B1 and B10.

Get Cell Value

As I said, you can use the same value property to get value from a cell.

1. Get Value from the ActiveCell

Let’s say you want to get the value from the active cell, in that case, you need to use the following code.

ActiveCell.Value = Range("A1")

In the above code, you have used the value property with the active cell and then assigned that value to cell A1.

2. Assign to a Variable

You can also get a value from a cell and further assign it to a variable.

Now in the above code, you have the variable “i” Which has the date as its data type. In the second line of the code, the value from cell A1 is assigned to the variable.

3.  Show in a MsgBox

Now imagine, you want to show the value from cell A1 using a message box. In this case, the code would be like the below.

MsgBox Range("A1").Value

In the above code, the message box will take value from cell A1 and show it to the user.

Change Cell Value

You can also make changes to a cell value, and here I have shared a few examples that can help you to understand this.

1. Add a Number to an Existing Number

Let’s say if you want to add one to the number that you have in cell A1, you can use the following code.

Range("A1").Value = Range("A1").Value + 1

The above code assigns value to cell A1 by taking value from cell A1 itself and adding one to it. But you can also use VBA IF THEN ELSE to write a condition to change only when there is a number in the cell.

If IsNumeric(Range("A1").Value) Then
  Range("A1").Value = Range("A1").Value + 1
End If

2. Remove First Character from Cell

Now, the following code removes the first character from the cell value and assigns the rest of the value back to the cell.

Range("A1").Value = Right(Range("A1").Value, Len(Range("A1").Value) - 1)

More Tutorials

    • Count Rows using VBA in Excel
    • Excel VBA Font (Color, Size, Type, and Bold)
    • Excel VBA Hide and Unhide a Column or a Row
    • Excel VBA Range – Working with Range and Cells in VBA
    • Apply Borders on a Cell using VBA in Excel
    • Find Last Row, Column, and Cell using VBA in Excel
    • Insert a Row using VBA in Excel
    • Merge Cells in Excel using a VBA Code
    • Select a Range/Cell using VBA in Excel
    • SELECT ALL the Cells in a Worksheet using a VBA Code
    • ActiveCell in VBA in Excel
    • Special Cells Method in VBA in Excel
    • UsedRange Property in VBA in Excel
    • VBA AutoFit (Rows, Column, or the Entire Worksheet)
    • VBA ClearContents (from a Cell, Range, or Entire Worksheet)
    • VBA Copy Range to Another Sheet + Workbook
    • VBA Enter Value in a Cell (Set, Get and Change)
    • VBA Insert Column (Single and Multiple)
    • VBA Named Range | (Static + from Selection + Dynamic)
    • VBA Range Offset
    • VBA Sort Range | (Descending, Multiple Columns, Sort Orientation
    • VBA Wrap Text (Cell, Range, and Entire Worksheet)
    • VBA Check IF a Cell is Empty + Multiple Cells

    ⇠ Back to What is VBA in Excel

    Helpful Links – Developer Tab – Visual Basic Editor – Run a Macro – Personal Macro Workbook – Excel Macro Recorder – VBA Interview Questions – VBA Codes

    We use VBA to automate our tasks in excel. The idea of using VBA is to connect the interface of excel with the programming. One of the very most connections between them is by changing the cell values. The change in cell value by programming shows the power of VBA. In this article, we will see how to set, get and change the cell value. 

    Set Cell Value

    Assigning a cell with a value can be achieved by very two famous functions in VBA i.e. Range and Cells function. 

    Range Function in VBA

    The range function helps access the cells in the worksheet. To set the cell value using the range function, we use the .Value

    Syntax: Range(cell_name).Value = value_to_be_assinged. 

    Set the value to a single cell

    If you want to assign ’11’ to cell A1, then the following are the steps: 

    Step 1: Use the Range function, in the double quotes type the cell name. Use .Value object function. For example, Range(“A1”).Value = 11

    Applying-range-function

    Step 2: Run your macro. The number 11 appears in cell A1

    Running-macro

    Set the value to multiple cells at the same time

    Remember the days, when your teacher gives you punishment, by making you write the homework 10 times, those were the hard days, but now the effort has exponentially reduced. You can set a value to a range of cells with just one line of code. If you want to write your name, for example, “Arushi” 10 times, in the range A2 to A11. Use range function. Following are the steps: 

    Step 1: Use the Range function, in the double quotes, write “Start_of_cell: End_of_cell”. Use .Value object function. For example, Range(“A2:A11”).Value = “Arushi”

    Applying-range-function

    Step 2: Run your macro. The text “Arushi” appears from cell A2 to A11 inclusive. 

    Running-macro

    Cells Function in VBA

    The Cells function is similar to the range function and is also used to set the cell value in a worksheet by VBA. The difference lies in the fact that the Cells function can only set a single cell value at a time while the Range function can set multiple values at a time. Cells function use matrix coordinate system to access cell elements. For example, A1 can be written as (1, 1), B1 can be written as (1, 2), etc. 

    Syntax: Cells(row_number, column_number).Value = value_to_be_assign

    For example, you want to set the cell value to “Arushi cleared CA with Rank “, in cell B1. Also, set cell C1, to ‘1’. Following are the steps:

    Step 1: Open your VBA editor. Use cells function, as we want to access cell B1, the matrix coordinates will be (1, 2). Type, Cells(1, 2).Value = “Arushi cleared CA with Rank” in the VBA code. 

    Using-cell-functions

    Step 2: To access cell C1, the matrix coordinates are (1, 3). Type, Cells(1, 3).Value = 1 in the VBA code. 

    Accessing-cell-C1

    Step 3: Run your macro. The required text appears in cell B1, and a number appears in C1. 

    Running-macro

    Setting Cell values by Active cell and the input box

    There are other ways by which you can input your value in the cell in a worksheet. 

    Active Cell 

    You can set the cell value of a cell that is currently active. An active cell is the selected cell in which data is entered if you start typing. Use ActiveCell.Value object function to set the value either to text or to a number. 

    Syntax: ActiveCell.Value = value_to_be_assigned

    For example, you want to assign the active cell with a text i.e. “Arushi is practicing CA”, also want to change the color of the cell to yellow. Following are the steps: 

    Step 1: Use the ActiveCell object to access the currently selected cell in the worksheet. Use ActiveCell.Value function object to write the required text. 

    Using-active-cell-function

    Step 2: Color the cell by using ActiveCell.Interior.Color function. For example, use vbYellow to set your cell color to yellow. 

    Using-active.cell.interior.color-function

    Step 3: Run your macro. The currently selected cell i.e. B1 has attained the requirements. 

    Running-macro

    Input Box

    You can use the input box to set the cell value in a worksheet. The input box takes the custom value and stores the result. This result could further be used to set the value of the cell. For example, set the cell value of A1, dynamically by taking input, from the input box.

    Following are the steps

    Step 1: Open your VBA editor. A sub-procedure name geeks() is created. Use the Range function to store the value given by the input box. 

    Using-range-function

    Step 2: Run your Macro. A dialogue-box name Microsoft Excel appears. Enter the value to be stored. For example, “geeks for geeks”. Click Ok

    Entering-value-to-be-stored

    Step 3: Open your worksheet. In cell A1, you will find the required text is written. 

    Text-written-in-A1

    Get Cell Value

    After setting the cell value, it’s very important to have a handsome knowledge of how to display the cell value. There can be two ways two get the cell value either print the value in the console or create a message box. 

    Print Cell Value in Console

    The console of the VBA editor is the immediate window. The immediate window prints the desired result in the VBA editor itself. The cell value can be stored in a variable and then printed in the immediate window. For example, you are given a cell A1 with the value ’11’, and you need to print this value in the immediate window. 

    Following are the steps

    Step 1: Press Ctrl + G to open the immediate window. 

    Opening-immediate-window

    Step 2: The cell value in A1 is 1

    Value-in-A1

    Step 3: Open your VBA editor. Declare a variable that could store the cell value. For example, Val is the variable that stores the cell value in A1. Use the Range function to access the cell value. After storing the cell value in the val, print the variable in the immediate window with the help of Debug.Print(val) function.

    Printing-variable-in-immediate-window

    Step 4: Run your macro. The cell value in A1 is printed in the immediate window. 

    Running-macro

    Print Cell Value in a Message Box 

    A message box can also be used to show the cell value in VBA. For example, a random string is given in cell A1 of your string i.e. “Arushi studies in Hansraj”. Now, if you want to display the cell value in A1, we can use Message Box to achieve this. 

    Text-present-in-A1

    Following are the steps

    Step 1: Open your VBA macro. Create a message box by using MsgBox. Use the Range(cell).Value function to access the cell value. 

    Creating-a-message-box

    Step 2: Run your macro. A message box appears, which contains the cell value of A1

    Running-macro

    Change Cell Values 

    The value, once assigned to the cell value, can be changed. Cell values are like variables whose values can be changed any number of times. Either you can simply reassign the cell value or you can use different comparators to change the cell value according to a condition. 

    By reassigning the Cell Value

    You can change the cell value by reassigning it. In the below example, the value of cell A1 is initially set to 1, but later it is reassigned to 2

    Following are the steps

    Step 1: Open your VBA code editor. Initially, the value of cell A1 is assigned to 1. This initial value is printed in the immediate window. After that, we changed the value of cell A1 to 2. Now, if we print the A1 value in the immediate window, it comes out to be 2

    Changing-value-in-cell

    Step 2: The immediate window shows the output as 1 and 2. 

    Immediate-window-shows-output

    Changing cell value with some condition

    We can use if-else or switch-case statements to change the cell value with some condition. For example, if your age is greater than 18 then you can drive else you cannot drive. You can output your message according to this condition. 

    Following are the steps

    Step 1: A code is written in the image below, which tells whether you are eligible for a driving license or not. If your age is greater than 18 then cell A1 will be assigned with the value, “You are eligible for the driving license”, else A1 will be assigned with “You are not eligible for driving license”. 

    Text-assigned-to-A1

    Step 2: Run your macro. An input box appears. Enter your age. For example, 19. 

    Running-macro

    Step 3: According to the age added the cell value will be assigned. 

    Cell-value-assigned

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