Excel vba cell style

Объект Style (Excel)

Представляет описание стиля для диапазона.

Замечания

Объект Style содержит все атрибуты стиля (шрифт, числовой формат, выравнивание и т. д.) в качестве свойств. Существует несколько встроенных стилей, включая обычный, денежный и процент. Использование объекта Style — это быстрый и эффективный способ одновременного изменения нескольких свойств форматирования ячеек в нескольких ячейках.

Для объекта Workbook объект Style является членом коллекции Styles . Коллекция Styles содержит все определенные стили для книги.

Внешний вид ячейки можно изменить, изменив свойства стиля, примененные к ней. Однако помните, что изменение свойства стиля влияет на все ячейки, уже отформатированные с помощью этого стиля.

Стили сортируются в алфавитном порядке по имени стиля. Номер индекса стиля обозначает позицию указанного стиля в отсортованном списке имен стилей. Styles(1) — это первый стиль в алфавитном списке и Styles(Styles.Count) последний стиль в списке.

Дополнительные сведения о создании и изменении стиля см. в разделе Объект Styles .

Пример

Используйте свойство Style , чтобы вернуть объект Style , используемый с объектом Range . В следующем примере стиль процент применяется к ячейкам A1:A10 на Листе1.

Используйте стили (index), где index — это номер или имя индекса стиля, чтобы вернуть один объект Style из коллекции стили книги. В следующем примере изменяется стиль «Обычный» для активной книги путем задания свойства «Полужирный» стиля.

Методы

Свойства

См. также

Поддержка и обратная связь

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VBA Format Cells

In this Article

This tutorial will demonstrate how to format cells using VBA.

Formatting Cells

There are many formatting properties that can be set for a (range of) cells like this:

Let’s see them in alphabetical order:

AddIndent

By setting the value of this property to True the text will be automatically indented when the text alignment in the cell is set, either horizontally or vertically, to equal distribution (see HorizontalAlignment and VerticalAlignment).

Borders

You can set the border format of a cell. See here for more information about borders.

As an example you can set a red dashed line around cell B2 on Sheet 1 like this:

You can adjust the cell’s font format by setting the font name, style, size, color, adding underlines and or effects (strikethrough, sub- or superscript). See here for more information about cell fonts.

Here are some examples:

FormulaHidden

This property returns or sets a variant value that indicates if the formula will be hidden when the worksheet is protected. For example:

HorizontalAlignment

This property cell format property returns or sets a variant value that represents the horizontal alignment for the specified object. Returned or set constants can be: xlGeneral, xlCenter, xlDistributed, xlJustify, xlLeft, xlRight, xlFill, xlCenterAcrossSelection. For example:

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IndentLevel

It returns or sets an integer value between 0 and 15 that represents the indent level for the cell or range.

Interior

You can set or get returned information about the cell’s interior: its Color, ColorIndex, Pattern, PatternColor, PatternColorIndex, PatternThemeColor, PatternTintAndShade, ThemeColor, TintAndShade, like this:

Locked

This property returns True if the cell or range is locked, False if the object can be modified when the sheet is protected, or Null if the specified range contains both locked and unlocked cells. It can be used also for locking or unlocking cells.

This example unlocks cells A1:B2 on Sheet1 so that they can be modified when the sheet is protected.

MergeCells

Set this property to True if you need to merge a range. Its value gets True if a specified range contains merged cells. For example, if you need to merge the range of C5:D7, you can use this code:

NumberFormat

You can set the number format within the cell(s) to General, Number, Currency, Accounting, Date, Time, Percentage, Fraction, Scientific, Text, Special and Custom.

Here are the examples of scientific and percentage number formats:

NumberFormatLocal

This property returns or sets a variant value that represents the format code for the object as a string in the language of the user.

Orientation

You can set (or get returned) the text orientation within the cell(s) by this property. Its value can be one of these constants: xlDownward, xlHorizontal, xlUpward, xlVertical or an integer value from –90 to 90 degrees.

Parent

This is a read-only property that returns the parent object of a specified object.

ShrinkToFit

This property returns or sets a variant value that indicates if text automatically shrinks to fit in the available column width.

VerticalAlignment

This property cell format property returns or sets a variant value that represents the vertical alignment for the specified object. Returned or set constants can be: xlCenter, xlDistributed, xlJustify, xlBottom, xlTop. For example:

WrapText

This property returns True if text is wrapped in all cells within the specified range, False if text is not wrapped in all cells within the specified range, or Null if the specified range contains some cells that wrap text and other cells that don’t.

For example, if you have this range of cells:

this code below will return Null in the Immediate Window:

VBA Code Examples Add-in

Easily access all of the code examples found on our site.

Simply navigate to the menu, click, and the code will be inserted directly into your module. .xlam add-in.

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Styles in Excel

Content

Introduction

This article has also been published on Microsoft’s MSDN site:

This article explains how you can use styles to ease maintenance of your spreadsheet models.

Microsoft has made it very easy to dress up your worksheets with all sorts of fill patterns, borders and other frills. Because formatting of cells is often done in an ad-hoc manner, many spreadsheet pages look messy.

By consistently using cell styles (instead of changing parts of the cell’s formatting) you will be forced to think about the structure of your work. Religiously using styles may even force you to reconsider the overall structure of the entire spreadsheet model: The quality of the computational model itself may be positively affected.

I therefore consider Styles as being underused, underestimated and under exposed.

How styles work

A style is just a set of cell formatting settings which has been given a name. All cells to which a style has been applied look the same formatting-wise. When you change a part of a style, all cells to which that style has been applied change their formatting accordingly.

Use of styles takes some getting accustomed to, but may bring you great advantage. Imagine showing your nicely formatted sheet to your boss. Then your boss asks you if you could please change all input cells to having a light-yellow background fill, instead of a dark yellow one. For a large model, this may imply a huge amount of work. Would you have used styles, then it would have been a matter of seconds.

Styles are in fact an addition. Cell formatting is the sum of the applied style and all modifications to individual formatting elements on top of that style. What parts of the formatting options are included in a style is determined during the definition of the style (See screenshot below).

You access the style dialog from the Home Tab, Styles group, Cell Styles button:

Excel enables you to access the styles by clicking the dropdown next to the styles gallery. The screen to create a new style looks like this (if you click the New Cell Style option in the style gallery):

When you apply a style to a cell followed by another style, the end result will be an addition of the selected parts of both styles. What the end result of such an addition of styles will be, depends on which elements of both styles have been selected as being part of the style (this will be discussed later). Theoretically, this would have enabled us to use cascading styles, but unfortunately Excel does not keep a record of the order of applied styles. Only the last style is remembered. Also, styles can not be derived from other styles whilst maintaining a link to the parent style. Changes to the «original» style are not reflected in the «child» styles.

Creating styles

A convenient method to create a new style is by selecting a cell which has all formatting options in place which you want to incorporate in the new style. Select the cell and click the Home tab, click the New Cell Style button at the bottom of the Styles gallery.

The Styles dialog screen.

To create a new style, simply type its name in the box «Style name». By default, all formatting elements are checked. Remove the checkmarks for the formatting elements you want to omit from the style you are creating (The dialog shown above has the Number and Alignment elements turned off).

Use the «Modify. » button to adjust the elements to your needs. Excel will show the standard «Format cells » dialog screen:

The format cells dialog screen, as shown after clicking Modify. on the Style dialog.

Note, that the elements in the Style dialog are identical to the tabs on the Format Cells dialog.

Note: As soon as you change a formatting element on a tab that was not selected on the Style dialog, Excel will automatically check that element for you; it will become part of that style.

Note that the style dialog will update/add the style, but the style will not be applied to the selected cells.

Applying styles

To apply a style to a cell, you simply click the Home tab and in the Styles group you Expand the Cell Styles gallery and click a style.

Deviate from a style

If you have applied a style to a set of cells and you change a formatting element of one of those cells, then modifications to that particular element of the style will no longer be applied to the modified cell.

So after changing a font attribute (like Bold) of a cell, changing the font attributes of the style will update all cells, except the one you just modified:

Series of cells with one style, 1 cell deviates from that style.

You can restore the style of a cell simply by selecting the cell and choosing the style from the style gallery.

Tips for using styles

Managing styles

If you like to keep an overview of what styles are available in your file I’d advise you to add a special worksheet to your workbook. Put the names of the styles in column A and an example output in column B:

Table with styles in a worksheet

If you need to adjust a style, select the cell in column B and adjust the style settings from there.

Creating a new style based on an existing one is easy now: Just copy the applicable row and insert it anywhere in the table. Select the cell in column B of the newly inserted row and choose Home, Cell styles gallery, New Cell Style. Enter the name of the new style and click the Format button to change the style details. Don’t forget to update the Style name in column A too.

Using styles

I advise you to use styles as strictly as you can. Avoid modifying one formatting element of a cell with a style. Instead, consider if it is worth the effort to add a new style. If for instance you have a style for percentage with 2 decimal places and you have a cell which requires three, then add a style for that purpose. You can thank me later.

Adapting this method will likely trigger you to think about what cell styles your document will need. By doing this your Excel models will gradually improve. You’ll gain in consistency and loose the ad-hoc (often messy) formatting jungle.

Use functional sets of styles

By looking at your Excel model you will likely be able to categorise your workbook cells into various categories:

• Input cells
  Cells that are the main input to your model
• Parameter cells
  Cells that contain constants for your model, such as boundaries.
• Output cells
  Cells in an area that is meant for output, such as printing or presenting the results of a calculation on screen.
• Calculation cells
  The cells where the actual calculation work is performed
• Boundary cells
  By shading otherwise empty cells you can easily make areas with differing functions stand out from other areas.

Consider creating styles for each of these cell functions, each (e.g.) having its own fill color. Don’t forget to make decisions on whether or not a style’s locked property needs to be on or off. If you use a system like this, it becomes very easy for you to maintain your file. Imagine how easy it now becomes to change a cell from an input to an output cell: you change its style. Done.

The little VBA routines shown below will greatly easy your work with styles. As an important side effect, these also show you how the style object works in VBA.

Find cells with a certain style

This routine find cells with a style containing «demo» in its name:

As soon as a cell is encountered with a style that matches that name filter, the code stops (Stop) and you can check out the cell in detail.

Creating a list of styles

This sub adds a table of your styles on a worksheet named «Config — Styles»:

Clear all formatting of cells and re-apply their styles

The code below removes all formatting of all cells and subsequently re-applies their style to them.

Watch out: if you have not adhered to using styles strictly, you may lose all formatting in your file.

Replace one style with another

The code below uses a list with two columns. The column on the left contains the names of existing styles. The column to its immediate right contains the names of the style you want to replace them with.

The code will run through the selected cells in the left column and check if the style name in the column to its right differs. If so, it will prompt you with the alternative name. Clicking OK will cause the code to update ALL cells to which the old style was applied to the new style. Before running this sub you need to select the cells in the left hand column.

Removing formating from an Excel Table

Suppose you have just converted a range to a table (see this article), but the range had some formatting set up such as background fills and borders. Tables allow you to format things like that automatically, but now your preexisting formatting messes up the table formatting. One way to overcome this is by changing the style of the cells in the table back to the Normal style. This however removes your number formats too. The little macro below fixes that by first making a copy of the normal style, setting its Number checkbox to false and then applying the new style without number format to the table. Finally it applies the tablestyle and deletes the temporary style:

Conclusion

There is a lot to gain by using styles in your Excel work. To name but a few:

• Consistent formatting of your models
• Ease of maintenance
• A strict use of styles leads to a structured way of working
• Less problems with your file (There is a limit on how many different cell formats Excel can handle).

With this article I have tried to give insight in the use of styles in Excel. If you have comments, suggestions or questions, please don’t hesitate to use the comment form below each page!

Showing last 8 comments of 128 in total (Show All Comments):

Comment by: Chris Greaves (2-5-2019 16:31:00) deeplink to this comment

Hi Jan Karel
Thanks for blnFindaStyle. I have «borrowed» a copy.
Too, I have posted a follow-up question on Eileen’s Lounge.

No need to post this here; I just wanted you to know that your name was being taken, but not in Vain.

Comment by: Jan Karel Pieterse (2-5-2019 17:16:00) deeplink to this comment

Comment by: Thaddeus Lesnik (9-8-2019 16:11:00) deeplink to this comment

I’d love to have a user menu box with two drop down lists, each populated with the list of styles.
The purpose of having two drop down boxes would be to select one style from the list then in listbox 1 then choose a different style from the list to replace it with using listbox 2. This would be useful if, for example, I have a style which got duplicated when I copy a sheet and the style intent is the same, but two slightly different name exist.

Comment by: Jan Karel Pieterse (9-8-2019 17:34:00) deeplink to this comment

You can use the routine called FixStyles to find out how to implement a part of what you need.

Comment by: Thaddeus Lesnik (12-8-2019 21:08:00) deeplink to this comment

For what it’s worth, here’s a clean summary of what the code became (can be placed completely in the Userform code or broken into modules and forms). Note to webmaster, I can share the modules and forms if that would be useful.

Sub UserForm_Initialize()
Dim oSt As Style
For Each oSt In ThisWorkbook.Styles
lstbxSource.AddItem oSt.Name
lstbxDest.AddItem oSt.Name
Next oSt
End Sub

Sub cmdChange_Click() ‘this is the userform button.
Dim strOldSt As String
Dim strNewSt As String
strOldSt = frmStyles.lstbxSource.Text
strNewSt = frmStyles.lstbxDest.Text
Call FixStyles(strOldSt, strNewSt)
‘Report on the Status of the Completion of the Process
MsgBox «Cell Style has been remapped!», vbInformation
End Sub

Sub FixStyles(strOldSt As String, strNewSt As String)
‘————————————————————————-
‘ Procedure : FixStyles
‘ Purpose : Replaces styles with the replacement style as defined by listboxes in a userform.
‘ Listbox 1 should contain the existing style, Listbox 2 the replacing style
‘————————————————————————-
Dim oWs As Worksheet
Dim oCell As Range
If strNewSt = «» Then Exit Sub
If strNewSt <> «» And strNewSt <> strOldSt Then
For Each oWs In ThisWorkbook.Worksheets
For Each oCell In oWs.UsedRange
If oCell.Style = strOldSt Then
Application.GoTo oCell
On Error Resume Next
oCell.Style = strNewSt
End If
Next
Next
End If
End Sub

Comment by: Jan Karel Pieterse (27-8-2019 10:41:00) deeplink to this comment

Comment by: PiecevCake (28-12-2019 23:48:00) deeplink to this comment

Hi Thaddeus,
Beginner users like me plagued with styles would hugely appreciate instructions how to use your code! )I tried pasting it in a module, returned «error-object required, tried to past in a form nothing happened?
Many thanks!

Comment by: Jan Karel Pieterse (6-1-2020 11:46:00) deeplink to this comment

I’ve published your comment, but please note that the site does not motify previous commenters about your comment. This means it is not likely Thaddeus will respond to your request.

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VBA Cell Font

In VBA, you can change font properties using the VBA Font Property of the Range Object. Type the following code into the VBA Editor and you’ll see a list of all the options available:

Range("A1).Font.

We will discuss a few of the most common properties below.

Change Font Color

There are a few ways to set font colors.

vbColor

The easiest way to set colors is with vbColors:

Range("a1").Font.Color = vbRed

However, you’re very limited in terms of colors available. These are the only options available:

Color – RGB

You can also set colors based on RGB (Red Green Blue). Here you enter color values between 0-255 for Red, Green, and Blue. Using those three colors you can make any color:

Range("a1").Font.Color = RGB(255,255,0)

ColorIndex

VBA / Excel also has a ColorIndex property. This makes pre-built colors available to you. However, they’re stored as Index numbers, which makes it hard to know what color is what:

Range("a1").Font.ColorIndex = …..

We wrote an article about VBA Color codes, including a list of the VBA ColorIndex codes. There you can learn more about colors.

Font Size

This will set the font size to 12:

Range("a1").Font.Size = 12

or to 16:

Range("a1").Font.Size = 16

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Bold Font

It is easy to set a cell font to Bold:

Range("A1").Font.Bold = True

or to clear Bold formatting:

Range("A1").Font.Bold = False

Font Name

To change a font name use the Name property:

Range("A1").Font.Name = "Calibri"

Range("A1").Font.Name = "Arial"

Range("A1").Font.Name = "Times New Roman"

Cell Style

Excel offers the ability to create Cell “Styles”. Styles can be found in the Home Ribbon > Styles:

Styles allow you to save your desired Cell Formatting. Then assign that style to a new cell and all of the cell formatting is instantly applied.  Including Font size, cell color, cell protections status, and anything else available from the Cell Formatting Menu:

Personally, for many of the models that I work on, I usually create an “Input” cell style:

Range("a1").Style = "Input"

By using styles you can also easily identify cell types on your worksheet.  The example below will loop through all the cells in the worksheet and change any cell with Style = “Input” to “InputLocked”:

Dim Cell as Range

For Each Cell in ActiveSheet.Cells
  If Cell.Style = "Input" then
    Cell.Style = "InputLocked"
  End If
Next Cell