Excel to sql postgresql

Все мы знаем (особенно если мы частые или постоянные пользователи СУБД PostgreSQL), что СУБД PostgreSQL имеет дело с данными из различных форматов. Однако есть еще некоторые форматы, совместимость которых с СУБД PostgreSQL вызывает сомнения. Одним из таких форматов файлов является формат Excel, то есть xls или xlsx. Многие люди задаются вопросом, можем ли мы напрямую импортировать данные из таблицы Excel в таблицу PostgreSQL в Windows 10 или нет. Что ж, чтобы изучить ответ на этот вопрос, вам нужно будет прочитать эту статью. Кроме того, в этой статье мы также поделились методом, который позволит вам использовать данные таблицы Excel в таблице PostgreSQL в Windows 10.

Как импортировать данные Excel в PostgreSQL в Windows 10?

Если мы конкретно поговорим об этом вопросе, «могу ли я загрузить Excel в PostgreSQL в Windows 10?» то ответ на этот вопрос — «Нет». Мы не можем напрямую импортировать данные из таблицы Excel в таблицу PostgreSQL в Windows 10. Однако есть другие обходные пути, с помощью которых мы можем легко импортировать данные файла Excel в таблицу PostgreSQL в Windows 10. Мы будем поговорим об одном таком обходном пути в следующих разделах этой статьи.

Тогда что мне делать, если у меня есть большой лист Excel, данные которого мне нужны в таблице PostgreSQL?

Теперь вы можете задаться вопросом, что вы можете сделать с таблицей Excel, которая у вас есть и содержит большое количество полезных данных. Будут ли эти данные потрачены впустую, поскольку вы не сможете напрямую импортировать их в таблицу PostgreSQL в Windows 10? К счастью, нет. Вы по-прежнему можете использовать эти данные, преобразовав их в один из таких форматов, поддерживаемых PostgreSQL в Windows 10. После преобразования ваших данных в соответствующий формат процесс импорта становится очень простым, и вы сможете увидеть его, выполнив следующие шаги:

Шаг 1: преобразование листа Excel в файл CSV в Windows 10

Поскольку наиболее часто используемый формат файла при работе с базами данных — это CSV, поэтому мы сначала преобразуем целевой лист Excel в файл CSV. Существуют и другие форматы, поддерживаемые PostgreSQL; однако здесь мы выбрали наиболее часто используемый, а также наиболее удобный, то есть CSV. Чтобы преобразовать лист Excel в файл CSV в Windows 10, вам сначала нужно найти этот файл, перейдя в целевой каталог, как показано на изображении ниже, а затем открыть этот лист Excel с помощью программы MS Excel.

В нашем целевом листе Excel у нас были некоторые образцы данных, показанные на следующем изображении. Таблица Excel состоит из трех разных столбцов, а именно StudentName, StudentAge и StudentGender. Этот лист Excel содержит в общей сложности пять различных записей или записей. Открыв целевой лист Excel, мы нажмем на меню «Файл» в строке меню, как вы можете видеть на изображении, показанном ниже:

В меню «Файл» мы найдем и щелкнем по опции «Сохранить как», как показано на добавленном изображении:

В диалоговом окне «Сохранить как» мы развернем раскрывающийся список «Тип файла» и выберем формат «CSV (с разделителями-запятыми)», как показано на изображении ниже:

После этого мы выберем место для сохранения нашего CSV-файла и нажмем кнопку «Сохранить».

После преобразования листа Excel в файл CSV процесс его загрузки в таблицу PostgreSQL будет точно таким же, как и у обычного файла CSV, и вы поймете это, выполнив следующие шаги.

Шаг 2: Создание соответствующей таблицы в PostgreSQL в Windows 10

Теперь, когда у нас есть файл CSV, содержащий нужные данные для импорта, мы создадим таблицу PostgreSQL для хранения этих данных с помощью следующего запроса:

# CREATE TABLE student_Data (StudentName VARCHAR (255) NOT NULL, StudentAge  INT NOT NULL, StudentGrade VARCHAR (255) NOT NULL);

Этот запрос создаст таблицу с именем student_Data с тремя разными столбцами, то есть StudentName, StudentAge и StudentGrade соответственно. Эти три столбца будут содержать все данные, которые будут импортированы из файла CSV.

После успешного создания таблицы PostgreSQL на консоли появится ответ «СОЗДАТЬ ТАБЛИЦУ».

Шаг 3: Импорт данных файла CSV в таблицу PostgreSQL в Windows 10

После создания таблицы в PostgreSQL в Windows 10 мы выполним процесс импорта данных файла CSV в эту таблицу PostgreSQL, выполнив запрос, показанный ниже:

# COPY student_Data FROM ‘C:Excel.csv’ DELIMITER ‘,’ CSV HEADER;

Ключевое слово «COPY» в этом запросе импортирует данные из файла CSV в таблицу PostgreSQL. «Student_Data» — это имя таблицы PostgreSQL, в которую будут импортированы данные файла CSV. Затем за ключевым словом «FROM» следует путь, по которому мы будем читать файл CSV. Наше имя файла CSV было «Excel.csv». Ключевое слово «DELIMITER» следует за разделителем, используемым в файле CSV, который представлял собой запятую. Ключевое слово «CSV» представляет формат файла, который будет читать этот запрос. Наконец, ключевое слово «HEADER» указывает, что в файле CSV есть заголовок, который будет читать этот запрос. Эта строка заголовка будет пропущена после импорта данных в таблицу PostgreSQL, и вместо нее будет использоваться заголовок таблицы, то есть имена столбцов таблицы.

При успешном выполнении этого запроса на консоли отобразится сообщение «КОПИЯ 5», поскольку в Windows 10 из файла CSV в таблицу PostgreSQL нужно было импортировать пять различных записей.

Шаг 4: Отображение содержимого таблицы PostgreSQL в Windows 10

Наконец, чтобы убедиться, что данные нашей таблицы Excel (которые затем стали данными файла CSV) были успешно загружены в таблицу PostgreSQL, мы просмотрим содержимое таблицы PostgreSQL с помощью следующего запроса:

# SELECT * FROM student_Data;

На изображении ниже вы можете видеть, что все записи в таблице student_Data точно такие же, как и в записях нашего файла Excel.csv. Это означает, что загрузка листа Excel (который был преобразован в файл CSV) в таблицу PostgreSQL в Windows 10 прошла успешно.

Заключение

В этой статье был рассмотрен очень важный вопрос, касающийся СУБД PostgreSQL, а именно: можем ли мы загружать Excel в PostgreSQL или нет. Эта статья удовлетворительно ответила на этот очень распространенный вопрос. Более того, он также обеспечивает очень безопасный метод фактического использования данных таблицы Excel в таблице PostgreSQL в Windows 10. После использования этого метода данные таблицы Excel никогда не будут потрачены впустую; скорее, вы сможете эффективно использовать его в любой из ваших таблиц PostgreSQL в Windows 10.

As explained here http://www.postgresonline.com/journal/categories/journal/archives/339-OGR-foreign-data-wrapper-on-Windows-first-taste.html

With ogr_fdw module, its possible to open the excel sheet as foreign table in pgsql and query it directly like any other regular tables in pgsql.
This is useful for reading data from the same regularly updated table

To do this, the table header in your spreadsheet must be clean, the current ogr_fdw driver can’t deal with wide-width character or new lines etc. with these characters, you will probably not be able to reference the column in pgsql due to encoding issue. (Major reason I can’t use this wonderful extension.)

The ogr_fdw pre-build binaries for windows are located here http://winnie.postgis.net/download/windows/pg96/buildbot/extras/
change the version number in link to download corresponding builds.
extract the file to pgsql folder to overwrite the same name sub-folders.
restart pgsql. Before the test drive, the module needs to be installed by executing:

CREATE EXTENSION ogr_fdw;

Usage in brief:

1. use ogr_fdw_info.exe to prob the excel file for sheet name list

   ogr_fdw_info -s "C:/excel.xlsx"
   

2. use «ogr_fdw_info.exe -l» to prob a individual sheet and generate a table definition code.

   ogr_fdw_info -s "C:/excel.xlsx" -l "sheetname"
   

Execute the generated definition code in pgsql, a foreign table is created and mapped to your excel file. it can be queried like regular tables.

This is especially useful, if you have many small files with the same table structure. Just change the path and name in definition, and update the definition will be enough.

This plugin supports both XLSX and XLS file.
According to the document it also possible to write data back into the spreadsheet file, but all the fancy formatting in your excel will be lost, the file is recreated on write.

If the excel file is huge. This will not work. which is another reason I didn’t use this extension. It load data in one time.
But this extension also support ODBC interface, it should be possible to use windows’ ODBC excel file driver to create a ODBC source for the excel file and use ogr_fdw or any other pgsql’s ODBC foreign data wrapper to query this intermediate ODBC source. This should be fairly stable.

The downside is that you can’t change file location or name easily within pgsql like in the previous approach.

A friendly reminder. The permission issue applies to this fdw extensions. since its loaded into pgsql service. pgsql must have access privileged to the excel files.

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program included in the Microsoft Office Suite. It’s compatible with Windows, Mac OS X, Android, and iOS. It simplifies the creation of text and numeric grids, formulas calculations, graphing tools, pivot tables, and the VBA Macro programming language (Visual Basic for Applications). Simple and advanced arithmetic operations and functions can be used to numerically manipulate grids of numbers organized in rows and columns.

PostgreSQL, sometimes known as Postgres, is a free and open-source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that emphasizes extensibility and SQL conformance. Structured objects are used instead of documents to store data in PostgreSQL. It employs conventional SQL syntax and formatting.

There are a variety of methods for importing Excel data into a PostgreSQL database; some are simple, while others are more complicated, depending on the sort of data you receive and the format it is in. In this article, you will learn everything about Excel to PostgreSQL along with the process which you might want to carry out while using it to make the process run smoothly.

What is PostgreSQL?

PostgreSQL, or Postgres, is a free, open-source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that focuses on extensibility and SQL compliance. It was first released on July 8, 1996, and was developed at the University of California, Berkeley. It was the Ignes database’s successor. Instead of storing data in the form of documents, PostgreSQL uses Structured objects. It uses the standard SQL syntax and style.

It’s written in C and has a monolithic architecture, which means all of the parts are connected and work in a logical order. It provides community assistance and further assistance to some of its paid customers. Because of its novel backup systems, it is frequently employed in the Healthcare, Finance, and Industrial industries.

Key Features of PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL has some distinguishing characteristics that make it a viable alternative to other standard RDBMSs. The following are some of these characteristics:

• PostgreSQL can handle a wide range of data, documents, and customization kinds.
• It features a Monolithic Architecture, which means that all of the components function together automatically.
• It’s perfect for transactional workflows like those found in bank systems, risk assessments, BI (Business Intelligence), and powering a variety of business applications.
• Storage is reliable because of various fail-safes and redundancy.
• Since it is open-source, anyone can utilize all of its features for free.
• Since its processing capacity depends on the system it runs on, it has limited scalability.
• It has a strong Access Control System with features such as row and column level security and multi-factor authentication with certificates.
• It is ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability) compliant and runs on major operating systems.

To learn more about PostgreSQL, you can check the official website here.

What is Microsoft Excel?

Microsoft Excel is a Spreadsheet Application that is part of the Microsoft Office Suite. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, Android, and iOS devices. It makes text and numeric grids, calculation of formulas, graphing tools, pivot tables, and the VBA Macro programming language easier to create (Visual Basic for Applications). To numerically manipulate grids of numbers organized in rows and columns, simple and sophisticated arithmetic operations and functions can be utilized.

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program that may be used to create tables and record data. The information can range from a daily planner to financial information about a company. It also facilitates data analysis and the production of visualizations based on spreadsheet data.

Key Features of Microsoft Excel

• Paste Special: When copying data from one cell to another, the user can also copy formatting, value, formula, comments, and other items, as well as their combinations, depending on the user’s needs.
• Conditional Formatting: This feature draws attention to trends in your data as they appear in your spreadsheet.
• Excel Pivot Tables: These can be used to sort, count, total, or average data from a single large spreadsheet and display it in whatever way the user chooses in a new table.
• Add Multiple Rows: Users can add multiple rows and columns to their spreadsheets at any moment in Microsoft Excel.
• Print Optimisation: Print Preview, Fit to One Page, Altering Margins, Print Selection, Printing Headers, Portrait vs. Landscape, and Spreadsheet Design are all options for printing Excel sheets to your satisfaction.
• Vertical/Horizontal Formula Extention: Excel’s biggest feature is its ability to scale vertically and horizontally. Excel will conduct the necessary calculations any number of times once the formula is correct.
• Index-Match: One of the most powerful Excel function combinations is Index-Match. It can be used to look up a value in a large Data Table and return its equivalent in the table.
• Filters: Microsoft Excel provides capabilities that let you analyze data based on your own requirements. Filters are the terms for these functionalities.
• Flash Fill: While copying data, Excel offers suggestions for making specific changes. Consider the following scenario: you have two columns of names and you need to produce email addresses for each of them. While you’re selecting an email address for one row, Excel will propose email addresses for all of the other rows based on their names.

For further information on Microsoft Excel, check the official website here.

There are many methods to transfer data from Excel to PostgreSQL. You will gain an understanding of two of them.

Method 1: Integrating Excel to PostgreSQL using ODBC Drivers 

• Step 1: Install ODBC Drivers for PostgreSQL
• Step 2: Configure Postgres ODBC Driver in Excel
• Step 3: Authorise Connection with PostgreSQL
• Step 4: Load Data in Microsoft Excel

Get & Transform (Power Query) can be used to connect to PostgreSQL from Excel using ODBC. This approach presupposes you’ve installed a PostgreSQL ODBC Driver.

Step 1: Install ODBC Drivers for PostgreSQL

The first step in Excel to PostgreSQL data transfer is to install ODBC Driver. The PostgreSQL ODBC 64-bit driver is available for download. On the machine where the Secure Agent is installed, install the PostgreSQL ODBC driver.

Step 2: Configure Postgres ODBC Driver in Excel

Expand the Get Data drop-down box after clicking Data in Excel. Select From Other Sources > From ODBC from the drop-down menu.

Step 3: Authorise Connection with PostgreSQL

Choose your data source name in the From ODBC dialogue (DSN). You can expand the Advanced Options dialogue box and input the connection string for your Data Source if you haven’t yet established your ODBC Driver (without credentials, which are defined in the credentials dialogue box in the next step). You can also enter a SQL query that will be performed immediately after connecting to the data source. Click the OK button.

Select Database and input your credentials in the dialog box, then click Connect if you’re using a database Username or Password. Select Default or Custom and press Connect if your database is not password-protected or if you’ve previously entered your credentials in the ODBC Data Source settings.

Step 4: Load Data in Microsoft Excel

Select the table from which you wish to retrieve data in the pop-up box and click on Load.

The table’s data will be displayed in an Excel spreadsheet, where you can interact with it further.

You have successfully completed Excel to PostgreSQL data transfer via ODBC Driver.

Method 2: Integrating Excel to PostgreSQL via CSV Files 

• Step 1: Excel File Conversion
• Step 2: CSV File Connection
• Step 3: Data Import

Step 1: Excel File Conversion

The first step in the CSV method in Excel to PostgreSQL data transfer is to Excel FIle Conversion. Open your file in Microsoft Excel if the file extension is xls or xlsx. This will need to be converted to a CSV file, which is a simple process. Simply Save As and modify the “Save as type:” to “CSV (*.csv)” before clicking Save. There is no need to change the file name to .csv because it will change automatically.

Step 2: CSV File Connection

Click Create and then Connection after right-clicking your Database Connection (or anyplace if your connections are empty). On the left, make sure the All tab is chosen, then scroll down to CSV. Now click Next.

Select the folder where you saved your CSV file from Microsoft Excel by clicking Browse. You’re choosing a folder rather than a file. All CSV files in that folder will be loaded by the connection. Finish by clicking the Finish button.

You should now notice a new connection, which is configured similarly to a standard connection. Each of the CSV files in your folder will be organized into a table with columns.

Step 3: Data Import

Data Import is the last step in the process of Excel to PostgreSQL data transfer. After you’ve established the connection, you may query the data using SQL syntax, just like any other table. This data can now be imported into your PostgreSQL Table. Select Export Data from the context menu of the table you want to import into PostgreSQL.

Click Next after selecting Database. Change the target container to the schema in PostgreSQL where your table resides. Click on the OK button.

Choose the target (table) for the data to be imported. Set the target column for each data column by clicking Columns. This will map automatically if you have headers in your data that match the table columns. Click the OK button. Now, Next should be selected.

Set the connection and Data Load options. Remove the option for truncating the target table if you only want to add data to the table rather than rewriting it. Now, Next should be selected.

After you’ve double-checked that the source and target are correct, click Start to begin the import.

The data from your PostgreSQL table is now available for selection.

You have successfully completed Excel to PostgreSQL data transfer via CSV files.

Conclusion

This article teaches you about Excel to PostgreSQL. It provides in-depth knowledge about the concepts behind every step to help you understand and implement them efficiently. If you want to transfer data into your desired Database/destination, then Hevo Data is the right choice! 

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Hevo Data provides users with a simpler platform for integrating data from 150+ sources such as Google Sheets, FTP, etc. for Analysis. It is a No-code Data Pipeline that can help you combine data from multiple sources. You can use it to transfer data from multiple data sources into your Data Warehouses, Databases such as PostgreSQL, or a destination of your choice. It helps you carry out ETL processes like Excel to PostgreSQL. It provides you with a consistent and reliable solution to managing data in real-time, ensuring that you always have Analysis-ready data in your desired destination.

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Share your experience of learning about Excel to PostgreSQL! Let us know in the comments section below!

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The ESF Database Migration Toolkit is a robust and efficient solution for migrating data between various database formats, including MS Excel and PostgreSQL.

This guide will show you how to easily migrate data from MS Excel to PostgreSQL through a few simple steps of a wizard, streamlining complex migration processes and saving you valuable time.

Software Required:

DMToolkit_x64.zip (60.9 MiB)	64-bit Windows application for ESF Database Migration Toolkit 11.1.23 (2023-04-07). (md5: ba7fbaa2a70183bfab1276b3790b51c8)
DMToolkit_win32.zip (57.4 MiB)	32-bit Windows application for ESF Database Migration Toolkit 11.1.23 (2023-04-07). (md5: 50677956511509d1e6bd99f3eb215fb1)

System Supported:

• Windows 7 or higher.
• MS Excel 97 or higher.
• PostgreSQL 7.x or higher.

Introduction:

1. In «Choose a Data Source» dialog, Choose «Microsoft Excel(*.xls;*.xlsx)»;

• Click on the «…» button.
• Choose the Microsoft Excel (.xls or .xlsx) file that you want to use as the destination for the migrated data.
  

2. In «Choose a Destination» dialog, choose «PostgreSQL»;

• Input the server name (default: localhost) and port (default: 5432).
• Input the username (default is «postgres») and its password.
• Select the target database character set (default is «UTF8»), it’s important if the data contains non-ASCII characters e.g. German, French, Japanese.
• Press «Refresh Database» button to list all databases, you can choose an existing database or enter a new database name, the toolkit will automatically create the new database during the migration process.
• Input/select the target PostgreSQL schema name (default is «public»), or press «Refresh Schema» button to list all schemas.
  

3.In «Select source Tables(s) & View(s)» dialog;

• Select the tables or views you want to migrate.
  
• You can access the table options or adjust the table structure by clicking the «…» button.
  
• In the «Field Mapping» option, you can customize the destination table’s fields, such as field name, data type, default value, comment, and more. You also have the option to choose the data transfer method, including Overwrite Table, Empty Data, Append Data, or Skip Table, or even filter the data before transferring it.

4. In «Execution» Dialog;

• You can start the migration process by clicking «Submit». The toolkit will efficiently and seamlessly migrate your data from MS Excel to PostgreSQL without the need for manual intervention.
  
• To keep track of the migration process, you can access the full migration log by clicking «Browse Log». This will provide you with a comprehensive view of the entire migration, including any potential issues and their resolutions.
• To save time in the future, you can save the migration settings as a job file by clicking «Save as job». This allows you to quickly reload the migration job at a later time or run the migration job using the command-prompt by typing «dmtc.exe —help». The command-prompt provides you with a full list of parameters to customize the migration process to your specific needs.

5.Finished!

Upon completion, the toolkit will generate a comprehensive migration report, providing you with all the information you need to verify the accuracy and completeness of the migration process. So, you can sit back and relax while the program carries out the task efficiently. Should you have any inquiries or recommendations, don’t hesitate to reach out to us. We’re always happy to help.

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