Excel if this is true and this is true

Функция ЕСЛИ в Excel — это отличный инструмент для проверки условий на ИСТИНУ или ЛОЖЬ. Если значения ваших расчетов равны заданным параметрам функции как ИСТИНА, то она возвращает одно значение, если ЛОЖЬ, то другое.

Что возвращает функция

Заданное вами значение при выполнении двух условий ИСТИНА или ЛОЖЬ.

Синтаксис

=IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false]) — английская версия

=ЕСЛИ(лог_выражение; [значение_если_истина]; [значение_если_ложь]) — русская версия

Аргументы функции

• logical_test (лог_выражение) — это условие, которое вы хотите протестировать. Этот аргумент функции должен быть логичным и определяемым как ЛОЖЬ или ИСТИНА. Аргументом может быть как статичное значение, так и результат функции, вычисления;
• [value_if_true] ([значение_если_истина]) — (не обязательно) — это то значение, которое возвращает функция. Оно будет отображено в случае, если значение которое вы тестируете соответствует условию ИСТИНА;
• [value_if_false] ([значение_если_ложь]) — (не обязательно) — это то значение, которое возвращает функция. Оно будет отображено в случае, если условие, которое вы тестируете соответствует условию ЛОЖЬ.

Дополнительная информация

• В функции ЕСЛИ может быть протестировано 64 условий за один раз;
• Если какой-либо из аргументов функции является массивом — оценивается каждый элемент массива;
• Если вы не укажете условие аргумента FALSE (ЛОЖЬ) value_if_false (значение_если_ложь) в функции, т.е. после аргумента value_if_true (значение_если_истина) есть только запятая (точка с запятой), функция вернет значение “0”, если результат вычисления функции будет равен FALSE (ЛОЖЬ).
  На примере ниже, формула =IF(A1> 20,”Разрешить”) или =ЕСЛИ(A1>20;»Разрешить») , где value_if_false (значение_если_ложь) не указано, однако аргумент value_if_true (значение_если_истина) по-прежнему следует через запятую. Функция вернет “0” всякий раз, когда проверяемое условие не будет соответствовать условиям TRUE (ИСТИНА).
  
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• Если вы не укажете условие аргумента TRUE(ИСТИНА) (value_if_true (значение_если_истина)) в функции, т.е. условие указано только для аргумента value_if_false (значение_если_ложь), то формула вернет значение “0”, если результат вычисления функции будет равен TRUE (ИСТИНА);
  На примере ниже формула равна =IF (A1>20;«Отказать») или =ЕСЛИ(A1>20;»Отказать»), где аргумент value_if_true (значение_если_истина) не указан, формула будет возвращать “0” всякий раз, когда условие соответствует TRUE (ИСТИНА).

Функция Если в Excel примеры с несколькими условиями

Пример 1. Проверяем простое числовое условие с помощью функции IF (ЕСЛИ)

При использовании функции ЕСЛИ в Excel, вы можете использовать различные операторы для проверки состояния. Вот список операторов, которые вы можете использовать:

Ниже приведен простой пример использования функции при расчете оценок студентов. Если сумма баллов больше или равна «35», то формула возвращает “Сдал”, иначе возвращается “Не сдал”.

Пример 2. Использование вложенной функции IF (ЕСЛИ) для проверки условия выражения

Функция может принимать до 64 условий одновременно. Несмотря на то, что создавать длинные вложенные функции нецелесообразно, то в редких случаях вы можете создать формулу, которая множество условий последовательно.

В приведенном ниже примере мы проверяем два условия.

• Первое условие проверяет, сумму баллов не меньше ли она чем 35 баллов. Если это ИСТИНА, то функция вернет “Не сдал”;
• В случае, если первое условие — ЛОЖЬ, и сумма баллов больше 35, то функция проверяет второе условие. В случае если сумма баллов больше или равна 75. Если это правда, то функция возвращает значение “Отлично”, в других случаях функция возвращает “Сдал”.
  

Пример 3. Вычисляем сумму комиссии с продаж с помощью функции IF (ЕСЛИ) в Excel

Функция позволяет выполнять вычисления с числами. Хороший пример использования — расчет комиссии продаж для торгового представителя.

В приведенном ниже примере, торговый представитель по продажам:

• не получает комиссионных, если объем продаж меньше 50 тыс;
• получает комиссию в размере 2%, если продажи между 50-100 тыс
• получает 4% комиссионных, если объем продаж превышает 100 тыс.

Рассчитать размер комиссионных для торгового агента можно по следующей формуле:

=IF(B2<50,0,IF(B2<100,B2*2%,B2*4%)) — английская версия

=ЕСЛИ(B2<50;0;ЕСЛИ(B2<100;B2*2%;B2*4%)) — русская версия

В формуле, использованной в примере выше, вычисление суммы комиссионных выполняется в самой функции ЕСЛИ. Если объем продаж находится между 50-100K, то формула возвращает B2 * 2%, что составляет 2% комиссии в зависимости от объема продажи.

Пример 4. Используем логические операторы (AND/OR) (И/ИЛИ) в функции IF (ЕСЛИ) в Excel

Вы можете использовать логические операторы (AND/OR) (И/ИЛИ) внутри функции для одновременного тестирования нескольких условий.

Например, предположим, что вы должны выбрать студентов для стипендий, основываясь на оценках и посещаемости. В приведенном ниже примере учащийся имеет право на участие только в том случае, если он набрал более 80 баллов и имеет посещаемость более 80%.

Вы можете использовать функцию AND (И) вместе с функцией IF (ЕСЛИ), чтобы сначала проверить, выполняются ли оба эти условия или нет. Если условия соблюдены, функция возвращает “Имеет право”, в противном случае она возвращает “Не имеет право”.

Формула для этого расчета:

=IF(AND(B2>80,C2>80%),”Да”,”Нет”) — английская версия

=ЕСЛИ(И(B2>80;C2>80%);»Да»;»Нет») — русская версия

Пример 5. Преобразуем ошибки в значения “0” с помощью функции IF (ЕСЛИ)

С помощью этой функции вы также можете убирать ячейки содержащие ошибки. Вы можете преобразовать значения ошибок в пробелы или нули или любое другое значение.

Формула для преобразования ошибок в ячейках следующая:

=IF(ISERROR(A1),0,A1) — английская версия

=ЕСЛИ(ЕОШИБКА(A1);0;A1) — русская версия

Формула возвращает “0”, в случае если в ячейке есть ошибка, иначе она возвращает значение ячейки.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ. Если вы используете Excel 2007 или версии после него, вы также можете использовать функцию IFERROR для этого.

Точно так же вы можете обрабатывать пустые ячейки. В случае пустых ячеек используйте функцию ISBLANK, на примере ниже:

=IF(ISBLANK(A1),0,A1) — английская версия

=ЕСЛИ(ЕПУСТО(A1);0;A1) — русская версия

Introduction

Let me start by saying that the IF Statements in Excel is my favorite Excel Function of all time! It is the purest form of Logic and in order to take our work to the next level, we need to be able to build logic.

Why is this Function so Important?

Briefly explaining, the IF function Excel performs a user instructed logical test, if that test is TRUE, it performs an action, if it is FALSE, it does another action. These actions can do many things, from displaying text to performing a simple calculation or even other logical IF tests.

Now, my favorite way to explain the concept of the IF Formula Excel is to talk about the film: The Matrix!

In the most pivotal scene of the film, the main character Neo is faced with a dilemma, he can consume a Blue colored pill and continue to remain in the Matrix and live his normal life OR he can take the Red pill, leave the Matrix and see how far down the rabbit hole he can go.

We made the following tree diagram to explain this:

What this tree diagram is saying is, if he takes the Red Pill, he wakes up. But if he doesn’t take the Red Pill he stays asleep. Now, let me just explain the syntax of the IF statements in Excel, then I’ll come back to this.

Syntax of the Function Explained

=IF(logical_test,[value_if_true],[value_if_false])

This function is one of the most useful in Excel.  When harnessed and nested (using multiple IF functions in one), you can have one very powerful multi levelled formula in ONE cell that performs an astonishing number of logical tests.  First, let’s get to grips with the dissecting the syntax above for a single IF function.

logical_test

As per Excel, it defines this part of the syntax as “any value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE.”.  This is where you make your test of a cell, see below under Examples for more detail.

[value_if_true]

As per Excel, it defines this as “the value that’s returned if Logical_test is TRUE, if omitted, TRUE is returned.  You can nest up to seven IF functions”

A quick note on the above,  it’s important to know that you CAN nest over and above seven IF functions.  There is a limit of 7 nested functions, but only up to Excel 2007.  Since then, it’s been increased to 64 IF statements in ONE formula.  I’ve yet to get there!

[value_if_false]

As per Excel, it defines this as “the value that’s returned if Logical_test is FALSE, if omitted, FALSE is returned.

Ok, let’s start with a very basic non-real-world example.

Examples

Basic IF

Try replicating the below.  Write our IF function in cell C2 to test cell B2 to see if it equals 10, the function will perform this logical test for us, if it is TRUE, then display the text Yes, if it FALSE, then display No.

In the function below, the part B2=10 is our logical test, the text, Yes, is our result if the logical test above is TRUE and the text, No, is our result if the logical test is FALSE.

Remember, when asking a function to display text, you must enclose the text with quotation marks.

This basic IF function not only works with numbers, it also works with text too.

In the example above we are testing cell B4 to see if it equals test, and displaying yes when the logical test if found to be TRUE, and no, when FALSE.

Just to prove the function works for BOTH TRUE and FALSE, cell B5 is spelt incorrectly, so the function finds this to be FALSE, therefore returning a no result.

Got it, ok great!  Let’s go back to my Matrix example!

So, if we put Neo’s dilemma in to the form of a formula, we get this:

=IF(Neo Takes Red Pill, “Go in to the Matrix”, “Go Home”)

Now, I won’t spoil it for you but what this is, is a logical test.

So, let’s look at that:

Understanding Logical Tests

The logical test part of the function can be used to do MANY different types of tests.  Think of it as a question about the cell you are wanting to analyse and ask yourself what you want to check, in all likelihood the question you have can be applied into a logical statement.

Typical logical tests you can do can be achieved by using the following symbols.  We’ve already looked at the equals sign (=), so others to think about are b

Let’s look at some of these in examples by using a sample set of data below.

Greater Than

In the example data set above (and we’ll continue to use this data set throughout and using columns C to I), we have a sales history for the last year.  In Column A we have the Months, and Column B, the sales in £’s.

In the cell C2, we have posed a question about the sales history.  Imagine you wanted to find out if the performance for that month meets an expectation, you can show this by including your threshold of £100 into the equation.

In the example above in we’ve set a logical test in cell C4 to check that when sales are GREATER than £100, show ‘Target Achieved’.  The logical test GREATER THAN is using the symbol shown in C3 (all symbols for the remainder of the examples will be here on this row).

Once the function is completed you can click on the fill handle (Green square on the bottom right of cell C4 above) and drag it down as far as you need to.  This will apply the same function to each cell and as a result it’ll find this logical test to be TRUE on rows 4, 6, 11 and 14.

You’ll see in row 7, we have £100 sales so the result finds the logical test to be FALSE as we said GREATER THAN £100.  We’ve then asked the function to display BLANK when the logical test is FALSE, and in order to do that you can do double quotations (2 of these “).

Less Than

Very similar to the above, but reversed logic.

Above we found in column for rows 4, 6, 11 and 14 to be TRUE.  On this occasion, they are now the FALSE part of the logic.  Note than C7 is also FALSE.  I think you know why, don’t you?

Is £100 Less than £100?

No, so the function will return the FALSE value, and in this instance, we’ve asked it to display BLANK.

Are you ready for more? Excellent! Get ready for another notch up in tempo? Brilliant, I like your enthusiasm! Let’s have a look at two very similar logical tests!

Greater Than or Equal To & Less Than or Equal To

Column E: Imagine you only received a 10% commission on sales when hitting a target value or above?  You can do this by setting your logical test as above, clear?  Let’s walk through the logic and use row 4 as the example.

=IF(B4>=100,B4*10%,””)

By now you can probably work this out but for completeness, Excel will evaluate the above as per below:

=IF(150>100,150*10%,””)

The logical test above in bold is TRUE, so it will now process the next part of the syntax as 10% of 150, which comes to 15.

=IF(TRUE,15,””)

The above is now evaluated to ask IF TRUE, then show 15, else “”

Column F: As above, and again, reverse the logic, cell F4 would read =IF(B4<=100,B4*10%,””), or are

sales less than or equal to 100, if so calculate 10% of sales, otherwise show BLANK.

Going up one more notch below.

Does NOT Equal

Remember from Mathematics class the equals sign with a cross through it, well <> is Excels answer to that!

This can be used in many ways, you can check if a cell equals a certain number. Imagine however, you want to indicate which month is the current one?   In the example above I’ve asked the function to display Current Month when a FALSE result is found when asked, does the month found in column A match the month entered in cell G18.

Note: The cell reference G18 is absolute as it has the dollar signs in front of the column and row reference, thus locking it in position when using fill handles to copy vertically or horizontally.

Last one, and a double!

ISTEXT & ISNUMBER

Typing these in as independent formulas will yield a TRUE or FALSE result, give it a go, enter the number 3 into cell A1 and then type in A2 =ISNUMBER(A1), you get TRUE.  Same can be said for typing TEST in A1 and ISTEXT.

This example is all text based and as per the written example above you can make some checks to data to ensure your worksheets are complete and alert a user to missing data.

In this case we’ve alerted the user that the month is missing in A10 and there are no sales entered in B8.  This can be very useful to get worksheets to do the thinking for you.

Remember, you can enter anything you want into the TRUE and FALSE part of the above, the choice IS yours!

Less thinking by you = more time to learn other new skills on Excel, and repeat = Excel genius!

The Excel IF OR Function

What does it do?

Similar to IF AND, the Excel IF OR function is a combination of two separate functions.  When combined they perform a multiple user instructed logical test, if any ONE or more of those tests are TRUE, it performs an action, if ALL of the tests are FALSE, it does another action.  These actions can many things, from displaying text, performing a simple calculation.

Ok, let’s start with a very basic example.

Examples

As we did with IF AND, let’s first see what the OR function does on its own.  In summary, it checks if ANY one argument is TRUE and then returns TRUE, otherwise it returns FALSE.

Above we have a selection of fruit and veg., in column C we can test column B to see if it contains the text Carrots or Cabbage.  Cells C4 and C7 are both TRUE, since B4 and B7 contained Carrots OR Cabbage.  Pretty simple right.

Evaluating the above (In the toolbar, select FORMULAS > EVALUATE FORMULA) we can see a step by step calculation of each argument:

Use this tool to help you spot errors in the logic, it’ll save you time and energy in the long run.  Ok, let’s get into the IF OR combined, see below.

Basic IF OR

We can adapt the above by taking the OR function (our logical test):

OR(B4=”Carrots”,B4=”Cabbage”)

And inserting it into the IF function shown in red:

IF(logical_test,[value_if_true],[value_if_false])

IF(OR(B4=”Carrots”,B4=”Cabbage”),[value_if_true],[value_if_false])

So now all is left to do is to instruct the IF function to do THIS for TRUE and do THAT for FALSE.

This gives us the below:

=IF(OR(B4=”Carrots”,B4=”Cabbage”),”Vegetable”,”Fruit”)

Remember, when asking a function to display text, you must enclose the text with quotation marks.

Above is how it looks in Excel, be mindful when working with text, it can cause you some headaches.  Let’s quickly look at ways this can go wrong, understanding these now can save you time down the road.

Ok, same example above, but can you spot the mistake?

Mistake 1

If you look closely you can see that the word “Carrots” is spelt incorrectly as “Carots”.  Excel isn’t clever enough to spot these typos, you MUST match exactly.  Now, look at the next one, this is VERY TRICKY!

Mistake 2

Without actually having Excel to look at all the data it isn’t obvious, in fact it’s impossible.  The formula looks correct, right?  Yes, it is, but what you cannot see is this in cell B4 and B7!

Can you spot it!?  Notice the cursor is away from the text, that’s because there is a [space] in front or at the end of the text, so again, Excel isn’t smart enough to spot these, so your formula WILL fail.  Ways around this are to edit the data manually, or use the TRIM function, very simple to use, barely requires any explanation.

Let’s move on to another example

Basic IF OR with SUM

Above we have a cost analysis of trip being arranged for 5 students, rows 11 and 12 list the flat rates per student.  All students are attending and only 4 of the 5 students are taking a lunch.  Each student can choose between Hot, Cold or Vegetarian Lunch.

With cell E15 selected you can see the OR function in the red box, here we test D15 if any of the 3 options appear, being careful that our spelling is right.

The blue box is the TRUE action if ANY of the logical_tests above are TRUE.  It’s here we can instruct it to perform a SUM calculation, above we’ve totalled Seminar Base Cost + Lunch = £107.50.

The green box is the FALSE action if ALL of the logical_tests above are FALSE.  Here we’ve told it to only consider the Seminar Base Cost since none of the options were chosen, see cell D18.

Written down this IF OR is asking:

IF the student has either Hot, Cold OR Vegetarian, then add Seminar Base Cost and Lunch Fees, otherwise just show Seminar Base Cost.

Remember, the above only covers a few logical tests in the OR function, you have a limit of up to 255!  The possibilities are endless!

Combing with the OR and AND Functions

What does it do?

Similar to IF AND, and IF OR, the Excel IF OR AND function is a combination of three separate functions.  When combined they can perform a very useful multiple user instructed logical test.  Note it doesn’t have to be this order, the great thing about this trio is the can be mixed, nested and intertwined!

For the OR function, we know that if any ONE or more of those tests are TRUE, it performs an action, if ALL of the tests are FALSE, it does another action.

For the AND function, we know that if ALL of those tests are TRUE, it performs an action, if ALL of the tests are FALSE, it does another action.

These actions can many things, from displaying text, performing a simple calculation or getting straight into another OR or AND function.  You can get very deep into the rabbit hole but let’s take it easy to begin with.

Ok, let’s start with a very basic example.

Examples

Ok, let’s keep this simple for now, see below example, best to copy this out so you can understand fully.

Above we’re going to test the data in Row 3 and ask:

If the value in B3 = 50 AND C3 = 100 OR the value D3 = Blue AND E3 = Green, then show TRUE

The OR part is key here, we only need one side to be TRUE.

Start your IF function, and you’ll see the part in bold prompts you to enter the logical.

Staying inside the logical_test, type OR( to perform an OR test, again it prompts you to state your logical1 of the OR function.

Staying inside the logical1 of the OR function and the logical_test of the IF function, we can now move into the AND function, of which prompts us for the logical1 part of the AND.

Start the AND test as per above, then close off the AND function with a parenthesis and it’ll take you back to the logical1 part of the OR function, you can now press the comma key to move to logical2 of the OR function.

Finish the next AND test off as per above and close with a parenthesis, you can now see the yellow comment box underneath the OR function, and in bold it is the logical2 part of the OR function. We can now close off the original OR function with another parenthesis.

All this time we have been inside the logical_test part of the IF function Excel. It’s tricky I know but with practice and over time you can make some ridiculously complex creations! Once you grasp the basics you’ll want to try out more, it’ll make your workbooks do a lot of thinking for you.

Ok, finally add the TRUE and FALSE into the last part (Excel allows this text without quotations marks, good when building your conditions from scratch to test them), we knew it would be TRUE because we’ve asked does B3 = 50 AND C3 = 100 (yes it does) OR does D3 = Blue AND E3 = Green (also yes).

Let’s adjust some of the values and apply the same formula vertically in the results column.

Above you’ll see the results down Column H.  See if you can spot why some are FALSE and others are TRUE.  I’ve colour mapped the numbers and colours for ease.

TRUE results will have BOTH TRUE on Value 1 AND Value 2 OR BOTH TRUE on Value 3 AND Value 4.  So, in the above we can see this will be TRUE for rows 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9 as they have 50 AND 100 OR Blue AND Green on their respective columns.

The opposite can be found on row 4 and 7.  Although row 4 has 100 in C4, is doesn’t have the 50 in B4, same to be said for the colours, it can find a positive match for Green in F4 but is missing the Blue in E4. Row 7 just cannot match anything.

Remember to watch out for mis-spellings, in the cells, formulas and those rogue spaces in your text.  These functions do not mind if you use capitals, but try to match the text casing exactly, it just makes for good practise and ease of reading

Let’s take a look at swapping AND with OR and vice versa.  Because AND and OR work in the same format of logical1, logical 2 etc., you can literally change as per below.  Note: As I’ve worked with a duplicate table the cells refs are changed, so if you want to mirror identically you can copy your table beneath the original.

With the same data set you get the below:

Analysing the above you’ll see the results down Column H again.  See if you can spot why some are FALSE and others are TRUE.  The data hasn’t changed, just the formula we built in Column H.

TRUE results will have at least one TRUE on Value 1 OR Value 2 AND at least one TRUE on Value 3 OR Value 4.  So, in the above we can see this will be TRUE for rows 15, 16, 17, 18 and 22 as they have 50 OR 100 AND Blue OR Green on their respective columns.

The opposite can be found on row 19, 20 and 21.  Although row 20 has 100 in C20, is doesn’t have the Blue or Green on the other side.  Row 21 has at least one with Blue in B21 OR Green in F21, but fails to have at least one TRUE result in the numbers section with 40 and 90.  Row 19 just cannot match anything so returns FALSE.

Now, you may nest to your hearts content…. Almost!  It will limit up to 255 OR and AND statements combined.

You can learn more about nesting your IF statements here

I hope you enjoyed this guide as much I loved putting it together, be sure to bookmark it!

The IF function in Excel is used to give conditional outputs.

Syntax:

=IF(condition, value if TRUE, value if FALSE)

The IF statement in Excel checks the condition and returns the specified value if the condition is TRUE and another specified value if FALSE. At the place of value if TRUE and value of FALSE, you can put a value, a text within quotes, another formula or even another if statement (nested IF statement, we will talk about it).

Pro Note: IF in Excel 2016, 2013, and 2010 can have up to 64 nested IF statements. In Excel 2007 it was only 7.

The best thing about the IF statement is that you can customise TRUE and FALSE results. And this is what it is used for. Let’s see how…

IF Example 1:

Assume you have a list of people. Now you want to know how many of them are adults and how many are minors.

Let’s say people whose age is greater than 19 are Adults and who are less than 19 are minor.

In Cell C2 write this excel IF statement and drag it down:

=IF(B2>19,»Adult»,»Minor»)

Here, Excel will simply check if the value in cell B2 is greater than 19 or not. Since it is greater than 19, it shows Adult in C2. And it does the same for all cells. Finally, we get this:

This was a simple example of an IF function in Excel. However, most of the time you would require nested IF or a combination of IF with other Excel functions.

Let’s have another example of the IF statement.

Example 2. Nested IF in Excel To Check Multiple Conditions

Assume, in a given list, you are required to tell if a kid is an Adult or “Teenager or KID”. And if Minor is then he is a teenager (between the age of 13 and 19) or a kid (below the age of 13).

So here we have to do this

IF (is student’s age <20, if yes checkif(is student’s age <13, if yes then show “Kid”, If no then show “Teenager”), if No then show “Adult”)

There are other ways to do it but for the sake of understanding, we are taking this example.

Info: Most formulas are solved inside out but not IF statements. 
In a nested IF function, outer IF is solved first and then the inner IF. 
this is a basic diagram of the nested IFs control flow.

In cell C2, write this IF formula and drag it down to cell C10:

=IF(B6<20,IF(B6<13,»KID»,»Teenager»),»Adult»)

This is the final product we will have.

Now, let’s understand this. It’s easy.

IF(B6<20: this statement checks if the value in B6 is less than 20 not.

Since it is not, it skips the Value IF TRUE (IF(B6<13,»KID»,»Teenager»))  part and jumps to Value IF FALSE part and shows “Adult”.

Since most of them are above or equal to the age of 20, they are shown as “Adult”.

Note that Ravi is shown as “KID” as his age is 11 and Manyank is shown as “Teenager” as his age 16.

First, excel checks if Ravi’s age is <20. It’s TRUE. The control then moves to a TRUE section that contains another IF statement IF(B6<13. Next

Excel checks if Ravi<13. It’s TRUE. Control moves to the TRUE section of the IF. It contains “KID” and therefore it shows “KID” there.

Important Notes:

1. Nested IFs are solved inwards. The outer IF acts as a gateway to inner IF.
2. In Excel 2016, 2013 and 2010, you can have up to 64 steps of IF statements. In earlier Excel versions, it was only 7.
3. IF supports logical these operators = (equals to),< (less than), > (greater than) ,<= (less than or equal to),>= (greater than or equal to, <> (not equal to)
4. FALSE statements are optional, but TRUE options are mandatory.

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Excel IF Function – Introduction

When to use Excel IF Function

IF function in Excel is best suited for situations where you check whether a condition is TRUE or FALSE. If it’s TRUE, the function returns a specified value/reference, and if not then it returns another specified value/reference.

What it Returns

It returns whatever value you specify for the TRUE or FALSE condition.

Syntax

=IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

Input Arguments

• logical_test – this is the condition that you want to test. It could be a logical expression that can evaluate to TRUE or FALSE. This can either be a cell reference, a result of some other formula, or can be manually entered.
• [value_if_true] – (Optional) This is the value that is returned when the logical_test evaluates to TRUE.
• [value_if_false] – (Optional) This is the value that is returned when the logical_test evaluates to FALSE.

Important Notes About using IF Function in Excel

• A maximum of 64 nested IF conditions can be tested in the formula.
• If any of the argument is an array, each element of the array is evaluated.
• If you omit the FALSE argument (value_if_false), i.e., there is only a comma after the  value_if_true argument, the function would return a 0 when the condition is FALSE.
  • For example, in the example below, the formula is =IF(A1>20,”Approve”,), where the value_if_false is not specified, however, the value_if_true argument is still followed by a comma. This would return 0 whenever the checked condition is not met.
• If you omit the TRUE argument (value_if_true), and specify only the value_if_false argument, the function would return a 0 when the condition is TRUE.
  • For example, in the example below, the formula is =IF(A1>20,,”Approve”), where the value_if_true is not specified (only a comma is used to then specify the value_if_false value). This would return 0 whenever the checked condition is met.

Excel IF Function – Examples

Here are five practical examples of using the IF function in Excel.

Example 1: Using Excel IF function to Check a Simple Numeric Condition

When using Excel IF function with numbers, you can use a variety of operators to check a condition. Here is a list of operators you can use:

Below is a simple example where students marks are checked. If the marks are more than or equal to 35, the function returns Pass, else it returns Fail.

Example 2: Using Nested IF to Check a Sequence of Conditions

Excel IF Function can take up to 64 conditions at once. While it’s inadvisable to create long Nested IF functions, in the case of limited conditions, you can create a formula that checks conditions in a sequence.

In the example below, we check for two conditions.

• The first condition checks whether the marks are less than 35. If this is TRUE it returns Fail.
• In case the first condition is FALSE, which means that the student scored above or equal to 35, it checks for another condition. It checks if the marks are greater than or equal to 75. If this is true, it returns Distinction, else it simply returns Pass.

Example 3: Calculating Commissions Using Excel IF Function

Excel If Function allows you to perform calculations in the value section. A good example of this is calculating the sales commission for sales rep using the IF function.

In the example below, a sales rep gets no commission if the sales are less than 50K, gets a 2% commission if the sales are between 50-100K and 4% commission if the sales are more than 100K.

Here is the formula used:

=IF(B2<50,0,If(B2<100,B2*2%,B2*4%))

In the formula used in the example above, the calculation is done within the IF function itself. When the sales value is between 50-100K, it returns B2*2%, which is the 2% commission based on the sales value.

Example 4: Using Logical Operators (AND/OR) in Excel IF Function

You can use logical operators (AND/OR) within the IF function to test multiple conditions at once.

For example, suppose you’ve to select students for the scholarship based on marks and attendance. In the example shown below, a student is eligible only if he scores more than 80 and has the attendance of more than 80%.

You can use the AND function within the IF function to first check whether both these conditions are met or not. If the conditions are met, the function returns Eligible, else it returns Not Eligible.

Here is the formula that will do this:

=IF(AND(B2>80,C2>80%),”Yes”,”No”)

Example 5: Converting all Errors to Zero using Excel IF function

Excel IF function can also be used to get rid of cells that contain errors. You can convert the error values to blanks or zeros or any other value.

Here is the formula that will do it:

=IF(ISERROR(A1),0,A1)

The formula returns a 0 when there is an error value, else it returns the value in the cell.

NOTE: If you’re using Excel 2007 or versions after it, you can also use the IFERROR function to do this. 

Similarly, you can also handle blank cells. In case of blank cells, use the ISBLANK function as shown below:

=IF(ISBLANK(A1),0,A1)

Excel IF Function – Video Tutorial

Related Excel Functions:

• Excel AND Function.
• Excel OR Function.
• Excel NOT Function.
• Excel IFS Function.
• Excel IFERROR Function.
• Excel FALSE Function.
• Excel TRUE Function

Other Excel tutorials you may find useful:

• Avoid Nested IF Function in Excel by using VLOOKUP