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By using What-If Analysis tools in Excel, you can use several different sets of values in one or more formulas to explore all the various results.

For example, you can do What-If Analysis to build two budgets that each assumes a certain level of revenue. Or, you can specify a result that you want a formula to produce, and then determine what sets of values will produce that result. Excel provides several different tools to help you perform the type of analysis that fits your needs.

Note that this is just an overview of those tools. There are links to help topics for each one specifically.

What-If Analysis is the process of changing the values in cells to see how those changes will affect the outcome of formulas on the worksheet.

Three kinds of What-If Analysis tools come with Excel: Scenarios, Goal Seek, and Data Tables. Scenarios and Data tables take sets of input values and determine possible results. A Data Table works with only one or two variables, but it can accept many different values for those variables. A Scenario can have multiple variables, but it can only accommodate up to 32 values. Goal Seek works differently from Scenarios and Data Tables in that it takes a result and determines possible input values that produce that result.

In addition to these three tools, you can install add-ins that help you perform What-If Analysis, such as the Solver add-in. The Solver add-in is similar to Goal Seek, but it can accommodate more variables. You can also create forecasts by using the fill handle and various commands that are built into Excel.

For more advanced models, you can use the Analysis ToolPak add-in.

A Scenario is a set of values that Excel saves and can substitute automatically in cells on a worksheet. You can create and save different groups of values on a worksheet and then switch to any of these new scenarios to view different results.

For example, suppose you have two budget scenarios: a worst case and a best case. You can use the Scenario Manager to create both scenarios on the same worksheet, and then switch between them. For each scenario, you specify the cells that change and the values to use for that scenario. When you switch between scenarios, the result cell changes to reflect the different changing cell values.

1. Changing cells

2. Result cell

1. Changing cells

2. Result cell

If several people have specific information in separate workbooks that you want to use in scenarios, you can collect those workbooks and merge their scenarios.

After you have created or gathered all the scenarios that you need, you can create a Scenario Summary Report that incorporates information from those scenarios. A scenario report displays all the scenario information in one table on a new worksheet.

Note: Scenario reports are not automatically recalculated. If you change the values of a scenario, those changes will not show up in an existing summary report. Instead, you must create a new summary report.

If you know the result that you want from a formula, but you’re not sure what input value the formula requires to get that result, you can use the Goal Seek feature. For example, suppose that you need to borrow some money. You know how much money you want, how long a period you want in which to pay off the loan, and how much you can afford to pay each month. You can use Goal Seek to determine what interest rate you must secure in order to meet your loan goal.

Cells B1, B2, and B3 are the values for the loan amount, term length, and interest rate.

Cell B4 displays the result of the formula =PMT(B3/12,B2,B1).

Note: Goal Seek works with only one variable input value. If you want to determine more than one input value, for example, the loan amount and the monthly payment amount for a loan, you should instead use the Solver add-in. For more information about the Solver add-in, see the section Prepare forecasts and advanced business models, and follow the links in the See Also section.

If you have a formula that uses one or two variables, or multiple formulas that all use one common variable, you can use a Data Table to see all the outcomes in one place. Using Data Tables makes it easy to examine a range of possibilities at a glance. Because you focus on only one or two variables, results are easy to read and share in tabular form. If automatic recalculation is enabled for the workbook, the data in Data Tables immediately recalculates; as a result, you always have fresh data.

Cell B3 contains the input value.
Cells C3, C4, and C5 are values Excel substitutes based on the value entered in B3.

A Data Table cannot accommodate more than two variables. If you want to analyze more than two variables, you can use Scenarios. Although it is limited to only one or two variables, a Data Table can use as many different variable values as you want. A Scenario can have a maximum of 32 different values, but you can create as many scenarios as you want.

If you want to prepare forecasts, you can use Excel to automatically generate future values that are based on existing data, or to automatically generate extrapolated values that are based on linear trend or growth trend calculations.

You can fill in a series of values that fit a simple linear trend or an exponential growth trend by using the fill handle or the Series command. To extend complex and nonlinear data, you can use worksheet functions or the regression analysis tool in the Analysis ToolPak Add-in.

Although Goal Seek can accommodate only one variable, you can project backward for more variables by using the Solver add-in. By using Solver, you can find an optimal value for a formula in one cell—called the target cell—on a worksheet.

Solver works with a group of cells that are related to the formula in the target cell. Solver adjusts the values in the changing cells that you specify—called the adjustable cells—to produce the result that you specify from the target cell formula. You can apply constraints to restrict the values that Solver can use in the model, and the constraints can refer to other cells that affect the target cell formula.

Need more help?

You can always ask an expert in the Excel Tech Community or get support in the Answers community.

As a business head, it is important to know the different scenarios of your future project. Based on the scenarios, the business head will make decisions. For example, you are going to undertake one of the important projects. You have done your homework and listed all the possible expenditures from your end, and below is the list of all your expenses.

The expected cash flow from this project is $75 million, which is in cell C2. Total expenses comprise all your fixed and variable expenses, the total cost is $57.45 million in cell C12. Total profit is $17.55 million in cell C14, and profit % is 23.40% of your cash inflow.

It is the basic scenario of your project. Now, you need to know the profit scenario if some of your expenses increase or decrease.

Scenario 1

In a general case scenario, you have estimated the “Project License” cost to be $10 million, but you are sure anticipating it to be $15 million
Raw material costs to be increased by $2.5 million
Other expensesOther expenses comprise all the non-operating costs incurred for the supporting business operations. Such payments like rent, insurance and taxes have no direct connection with the mainstream business activities.read more to be decreased by 50 thousand.

Scenario 2

The “Project Cost” to be at $20 million
The “Labor Daily Wages” to be at $5 million
The “Operating Cost” is to be at $3.5 million

Now, you have listed out all the scenarios in the form. Based on these scenarios, you need to create a table about how it will impact your profit and profit %.

To create What-If Analysis scenarios, follow the below steps.

Go to DATA > What-If Analysis > Scenario Manager.
Once you click “Scenario Manager,” it will show you below the dialog box.
Click on “Add.” Then, give “Scenario name.”
In changing cells, select the first scenario changes you have listed out. The changes are Project License (cell C10) at $15 million, Raw Material Cost (cell C7) at $11 million, and Other Expenses (cell C11) at $4.5 million. Mention these three cells here.
Click on “OK.” It will ask you to mention the new values as listed in scenario 1.
Do not click on “OK” but click on “OK Add.” It will save this scenario for you.
Now, it will ask you to create one more scenario. As we listed in scenario 2, make the changes. This time we need to change Project Cost (C10), Labour Cost (C8), and Operating Cost (C9).
Now, add new values here.
Now click on “OK.” It will show all the scenarios we have created.
Click on “Scenario summary.” It will ask you which result cells you want to change. Here, we need to change the Total Expense Cell (C12), Total Profit Cell (C14), and Profit % cell (C16).
Click on “OK.” It will create a summary report for you in the new worksheet.

Total Excel has created three scenarios even though we have supplied only two scenario changes because Excel will show existing reports as one scenario.

From this table, we can easily see the impact of changes in pour profit %.

#2 Goal Seek in What-If Analysis

Now, we know the Scenario Manager’s advantage. What-if-Analysis Goal Seek can tell you what you must do to achieve the target.

Andrew is a class 10th student. His target is to achieve an average score of 85 in the final exam. He has already completed 5 exams and left with only 1 exam. Therefore, in the completed 5 exams.

To calculate the current average, apply the average formula in the B7 cell.

The current average is 82.2.

Andrew’s GOAL is 85. His current average is 82.2. He is short by 3.8 with one exam.

Now, the question is how much he has to score in the final exam to eventually get an overall average of 85. It can be found by the What-If Analysis GOAL SEEK tool.

Step 1: Go to DATA > What-If Analysis > Goal Seek.

Step 2: It will show you below the dialog box.

Step 3: Here, we need to set the cell first. “Set cell” is nothing but which cell we need for the final result, i.e., our overall average cell (B7). Next is “To value.” Again, Andrew’s overall average GOAL is nothing but for what value we need to set the cell (85).

The next and final step is changing which cell you want to see the impact on. So, we need to change cell B6, the cell for the final subject’s score.

Step 4: Click on “OK.” Excel will take a few seconds to complete the process, but it eventually shows the result like the one below.

Now, we have our results here. To get an overall average of 85, Andrew has to score 99 in the final exam.

#3 Data Table in What-If Analysis

We have already seen two wonderful techniques under What-If Analysis in Excel. First, the Data Table can create different scenario tables based on the variable change. We have two kinds of Data Tables here: one variable Data Table and a “Two-variable data tableA two-variable data table helps analyze how two different variables impact the overall data table. In simple terms, it helps determine what effect does changing the two variables have on the result.read more.” This article will show you One variable data table in ExcelOne variable data table in excel means changing one variable with multiple options and getting the results for multiple scenarios. The data inputs in one variable data table are either in a single column or across a row.read more.

Assume you are selling 1,000 products at ₹15, your total anticipated expense is ₹12,500, and your profit is ₹2,500.

You are not happy with the profit you are getting. Your anticipated profit is ₹7,500. You have decided to increase your per-unit price to increase your profit, but you do not know how much you need to increase.

Data tables can help you. Create a table below.

Now, in the cell, F1 links to the “Total Profit” cell, B6.

Step 1: Select the newly created table.

Step 2: Go to DATA > What-if Analysis > Data Table.

Step 3: Now, you will see below dialog box.

Step 4: Since we are showing the result vertically, leave the ”Row input cell.” In the “Column input cell,” select cell B2, which is the original selling price.

Step 5: Click on “OK” to get the results. It will list out profit numbers in the new table.

So, we have our Data Table ready. To profit from ₹7,500, you need to sell at ₹20 per unit.

Things to Remember

The What-If Analysis data table can be performed with two variable changes. Refer to our article on What-If Analysis two-variable Data Table.
What-If Analysis Goal Seek takes a few seconds to perform calculations.
What-If Analysis Scenario Manager can give a summary with input numbers and current values together.

3 parts of what-if-analysis in Excel

Goal Seek – Reverse calculations
Data Table – Sensitivity analysis
Scenario Manager – Comparison of scenarios

Goal Seek in What if analysis

Let’s consider a simple dataset, where the invoice amount is Rs. 10,000, on which there is 9% CGST and 9% SGST, which thus amounts to a total of Rs. 11,800.

1 1

The customer asks you for a discount of Rs. 800 and thus the final amount should be Rs. 11,000.

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Now, the equation in simple terms is, X + 18% = 11000, where X is the invoice amount, 18% is the total GST.

To find out, how much + 18% = 11000, we will use Goal Seek in What if analysis.

Place your cursor on the ‘Total’ cell
Under the ‘Data’ tab, click on ‘What-If-Analysis’, then on ‘Goal Seek’

In ‘Set Cell’, B4 will automatically be selected as you had kept your cursor on it.
In ‘To value’, enter the desired value, 11000 in this case.
In ‘By changing cell’, choose the value that needs to be changed, invoice amount in this case. Thus cell B1 is selected.
Press Ok

Excel will reverse calculate and immediately give you the value Rs. 9,322, which + 18% equals exactly to Rs. 11,000

This was a very simple example of using Goal Seek in what-if analysis. You can use Goal Seek even for more complex models, let’s take an example of a Car loan model.

The ‘EMI’ calculated Rs. 19,786 is the outgoing amount per month. The value is negative as money is going out of your pocket.

But, you have a budget of only Rs. 17,000 per month. So, how much can you afford as ‘Price of Car’?

Put the Goal Seek values as above and you will know the Price of Car that you can afford.

This was calculations at multiple levels that Goal Seek in What-if analysis did, as it had to consider Available funds, ROI, Number of payments to reverse calculate and give you the answer.

That’s how powerful it is.

Data Table in What-If analysis

Data Table is used for Sensitivity analysis. What this means is basically, either 1 or 2 of the inputs in your model are changing, you want to know output based on each change.

Let’s take the same Car loan example as earlier.

Now, after applying the Goal Seek, you know you can afford to buy a car worth Rs. 7,15,526 instead of Rs. 8,00,000.

1-input Data Table

Then you go to the Car showrooms and research on more cars available. You find out 5 cars that you like, you want to know what would be the EMI amount for each of the car?

Car 1 – Rs. 5,54,000

Car 2 – Rs. 5,96,000

Car 3 – Rs. 6,24,000

Car 4 – Rs. 7,36,000

Car 5 – Rs. 7,94,000

Use what if analysis data table to find this.

Since only 1 input is changing, that is, Price of Car, we will use 1-input data table.

Make this structure in your Excel sheet next to your model.

In D3, you can write anything you want, doesn’t matter.

Next to that, in E4, put =B9. Basically, you are pointing to the formula that is used to calculate the EMI. Thus, here you have informed Excel that you want to calculate the resulting EMI for each value, using the formula in B9.

Now select this structure you have created and go to ‘Data table’ under what-if analysis in Data tab.

Since our options of Prices of Cars are put vertically in a column, we will use Column input cell. Select cell B1 to inform Excel that the 5 values are Price of Car values.

Press OK

Excel has calculated for you, the EMI for each change in Price of Car.

2-input Data Table

Similarly, you can have 2 inputs varying and still get the respective outputs.

So now you think about what if I change the duration of the loan, and compare for all these 5 cars?

Go to Data Table and select Row input cell as ‘No. of payments in months’ and Column input cell as ‘Price of car’

You will get the EMI amount for each combination in no time, without much effort or any complicated formulas.

Scenario Manager in what if analysis

Let’s say you are working in a Car Showroom in the Sales department. You have been given the task to plan the sales for the next quarter. You must build multiple scenarios and prepare a comparison of all the scenarios.

You make a model as below and then want to create multiple scenarios based on number of cars that you will be able to sell for each of the cars.

Under What-if analysis, go to scenario manager.

Click on ‘Add’

Let’s start building our 1^st scenario

Scenario Name – Best Case
Changing Cells – select cells C2:C6 as these are the No. of cars that you will be able to sell, basically the variable cells
Press OK
Enter values for each Car

I have entered values as above, you can enter whatever you like.

Similarly add 1 more Scenario and name it as ‘Worst Case’. The changing cells will ofcourse remain the same.

I have put in the below values for Worst case.

You can create many more scenarios like this.

Compare the scenarios

Now that your scenarios are created, let’s compare them.

In the Scenario Manager window, click on Summary.

You will now be asked for ‘Result cells’. Choose the Total Sales Value, cell D8, as that’s what you want to compare. If you want to compare more outputs, you can choose multiple cells here too.

A new Sheet will be created automatically on pressing OK which will give you a comparison of the Current values in your Sheet + the 2 scenarios you created.

Thus, in best case, the Total Sales is over Rs. 6 CR. Worst Case is 3.77 CR.

Now you can take your business decisions based on this output.

Conclusion

Thus, we can conclude that what-if analysis is an integral part of the tools any data analyst or middle to senior management uses. Using the 3 tools in what if, you can analyze data much quickly than if you try to do the same using formulas, thereby allowing you to take faster and accurate decisions.

Goal seek is for Reverse calculations.
Data Table is for 1 or 2 inputs changing, resulting changes in output.
Scenario Manager is to compare multiple business scenarios based on multiple inputs changing.

Many features in different versions of excel work differently, but what if analysis in excel 2010 works same way as what if analysis in excel 2013 and what if analysis in 2007 or 2016.

Take up the Data Analytics using Excel Course to become a proficient Data Analyst.

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Содержание

Introduction to What-If Analysis
Need more help?
What-If Analysis
Create Different Scenarios
Scenario Summary
Goal Seek
Введение в анализ «что если»
Дополнительные сведения

Introduction to What-If Analysis

By using What-If Analysis tools in Excel, you can use several different sets of values in one or more formulas to explore all the various results.

Note that this is just an overview of those tools. There are links to help topics for each one specifically.

What-If Analysis is the process of changing the values in cells to see how those changes will affect the outcome of formulas on the worksheet.

Three kinds of What-If Analysis tools come with Excel: Scenarios, Goal Seek, and Data Tables. Scenarios and Data tables take sets of input values and determine possible results. A Data Table works with only one or two variables, but it can accept many different values for those variables. A Scenario can have multiple variables, but it can only accommodate up to 32 values. Goal Seek works differently from Scenarios and Data Tables in that it takes a result and determines possible input values that produce that result.

In addition to these three tools, you can install add-ins that help you perform What-If Analysis, such as the Solver add-in. The Solver add-in is similar to Goal Seek, but it can accommodate more variables. You can also create forecasts by using the fill handle and various commands that are built into Excel.

For more advanced models, you can use the Analysis ToolPak add-in.

A Scenario is a set of values that Excel saves and can substitute automatically in cells on a worksheet. You can create and save different groups of values on a worksheet and then switch to any of these new scenarios to view different results.

1. Changing cells

If several people have specific information in separate workbooks that you want to use in scenarios, you can collect those workbooks and merge their scenarios.

Note: Scenario reports are not automatically recalculated. If you change the values of a scenario, those changes will not show up in an existing summary report. Instead, you must create a new summary report.

If you know the result that you want from a formula, but you’re not sure what input value the formula requires to get that result, you can use the Goal Seek feature. For example, suppose that you need to borrow some money. You know how much money you want, how long a period you want in which to pay off the loan, and how much you can afford to pay each month. You can use Goal Seek to determine what interest rate you must secure in order to meet your loan goal.

Cells B1, B2, and B3 are the values for the loan amount, term length, and interest rate.

Cell B4 displays the result of the formula =PMT(B3/12,B2,B1).

Note: Goal Seek works with only one variable input value. If you want to determine more than one input value, for example, the loan amount and the monthly payment amount for a loan, you should instead use the Solver add-in. For more information about the Solver add-in, see the section Prepare forecasts and advanced business models, and follow the links in the See Also section.

If you have a formula that uses one or two variables, or multiple formulas that all use one common variable, you can use a Data Table to see all the outcomes in one place. Using Data Tables makes it easy to examine a range of possibilities at a glance. Because you focus on only one or two variables, results are easy to read and share in tabular form. If automatic recalculation is enabled for the workbook, the data in Data Tables immediately recalculates; as a result, you always have fresh data.

Cell B3 contains the input value.
Cells C3, C4, and C5 are values Excel substitutes based on the value entered in B3.

You can fill in a series of values that fit a simple linear trend or an exponential growth trend by using the fill handle or the Series command. To extend complex and nonlinear data, you can use worksheet functions or the regression analysis tool in the Analysis ToolPak Add-in.

Although Goal Seek can accommodate only one variable, you can project backward for more variables by using the Solver add-in. By using Solver, you can find an optimal value for a formula in one cell—called the target cell—on a worksheet.

Need more help?

You can always ask an expert in the Excel Tech Community or get support in the Answers community.

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What-If Analysis

What-If Analysis in Excel allows you to try out different values (scenarios) for formulas. The following example helps you master what-if analysis quickly and easily.

Assume you own a book store and have 100 books in storage. You sell a certain % for the highest price of $50 and a certain % for the lower price of $20.

If you sell 60% for the highest price, cell D10 calculates a total profit of 60 * $50 + 40 * $20 = $3800.

Create Different Scenarios

1. On the Data tab, in the Forecast group, click What-If Analysis.

2. Click Scenario Manager.

The Scenario Manager dialog box appears.

3. Add a scenario by clicking on Add.

4. Type a name (60% highest), select cell C4 (% sold for the highest price) for the Changing cells and click on OK.

5. Enter the corresponding value 0.6 and click on OK again.

6. Next, add 4 other scenarios (70%, 80%, 90% and 100%).

Finally, your Scenario Manager should be consistent with the picture below:

Note: to see the result of a scenario, select the scenario and click on the Show button. Excel will change the value of cell C4 accordingly for you to see the corresponding result on the sheet.

Scenario Summary

To easily compare the results of these scenarios, execute the following steps.

1. Click the Summary button in the Scenario Manager.

2. Next, select cell D10 (total profit) for the result cell and click on OK.

Goal Seek

What if you want to know how many books you need to sell for the highest price, to obtain a total profit of exactly $4700? You can use Excel’s Goal Seek feature to find the answer.

1. On the Data tab, in the Forecast group, click What-If Analysis.

2. Click Goal Seek.

The Goal Seek dialog box appears.

3. Select cell D10.

4. Click in the ‘To value’ box and type 4700.

5. Click in the ‘By changing cell’ box and select cell C4.

Result. You need to sell 90% of the books for the highest price to obtain a total profit of exactly $4700.

Note: visit our page about Goal Seek for more examples and tips.

Источник

Введение в анализ «что если»

С помощью средств анализа «что если» в Excel вы можете экспериментировать с различными наборами значений в одной или нескольких формулах, чтобы изучить все возможные результаты.

Например, можно выполнить анализ «что если» для формирования двух бюджетов с разными предполагаемыми уровнями дохода. Или можно указать нужный результат формулы, а затем определить, какие наборы значений позволят его получить. В Excel предлагается несколько средств для выполнения разных типов анализа.

Обратите внимание на то, что в этой статье приведен только обзор инструментов. Подробные сведения о каждом из них можно найти по ссылкам ниже.

Анализ «что если» — это процесс изменения значений в ячейках, который позволяет увидеть, как эти изменения влияют на результаты формул на листе.

В Excel предлагаются средства анализа «что если» трех типов: сценарии, таблицы данных и подбор параметров. В сценариях и таблицах данных берутся наборы входных значений и определяются возможные результаты. Таблицы данных работают только с одной или двумя переменными, но могут принимать множество различных значений для них. Сценарий может содержать несколько переменных, но допускает не более 32 значений. Подбор параметров отличается от сценариев и таблиц данных: при его использовании берется результат и определяются возможные входные значения для его получения.

Помимо этих трех средств можно установить надстройки для выполнения анализа «что если», например надстройку Поиск решения. Эта надстройка похожа на подбор параметров, но позволяет использовать больше переменных. Вы также можете создавать прогнозы, используя маркер заполнения и различные команды, встроенные в Excel.

Для более сложных моделей можно использовать надстройку Пакет анализа.

Сценарий — это набор значений, которые сохраняются в Excel и могут автоматически подставляться в ячейки на листе. Вы можете создавать и сохранять различные группы значений на листе, а затем переключиться на любой из этих новых сценариев, чтобы просмотреть другие результаты.

Предположим, у вас есть два сценария бюджета: для худшего и лучшего случаев. Вы можете с помощью диспетчера сценариев создать оба сценария на одном листе, а затем переключаться между ними. Для каждого сценария вы указываете изменяемые ячейки и значения, которые нужно использовать. При переключении между сценариями результат в ячейках изменяется, отражая различные значения изменяемых ячеек.

1. Изменяемые ячейки

2. Ячейка результата

1. Изменяемые ячейки

2. Ячейка результата

Если у нескольких человек есть конкретные данные в отдельных книгах, которые вы хотите использовать в сценариях, вы можете собрать эти книги и объединить их сценарии.

После создания или сбора всех нужных сценариев вы можете создать сводный отчет по сценариям, в который включаются данные из этих сценариев. В отчете по сценариям все данные отображаются в одной таблице на новом листе.

Примечание: В отчетах по сценариям автоматический пересчет не выполняется. Изменения значений в сценарии не будут отражается в уже существующем сводном отчете. Вам потребуется создать новый сводный отчет.

Если вы знаете нужный результат формулы, но не знаете, какое входные значения требуется для получения этого результата, используйте функцию «Поиск окна». Предположим, что вам нужно занять денег. Вы знаете, сколько вам нужно, на какой срок и сколько вы сможете выплачивать каждый месяц. С помощью средства подбора параметров вы можете определить, какая процентная ставка вам подойдет.

Ячейки B1, B2 и B3 — это значения для суммы займа, длины срока и процентной ставки.

Ячейка B4 отображает результат формулы =PMT(B3/12;B2;B1).

Примечание: В средстве поиска окна можно ввести только одно значение переменной. Если вы хотите определить несколько входных значений, например сумму займа и сумму ежемесячного платежа по кредиту, используйте надстройка «Надстройка «Найти решение». Дополнительные сведения о надстройки «Решение» см. в разделе Подготовка прогнозов и расширенных бизнес-моделей ипо ссылкам в разделе См. также.

Если у вас есть формула с одной или двумя переменными либо несколько формул, в которых используется одна общая переменная, вы можете просмотреть все результаты в одной таблице данных. С помощью таблиц данных можно легко и быстро проверить несколько возможностей. Поскольку используются всего одна или две переменные, результат можно без труда прочитать или опубликовать в табличной форме. Если для книги включен автоматический пересчет, данные в таблицах данных сразу же пересчитываются, и вы всегда видите свежие данные.

Ячейка B3 содержит входные значения.
Ячейки C3, C4 и C5 являются значениями, Excel заменяются на основе значения, введенного в ячейку B3.

В таблицу данных нельзя помещать больше двух переменных. Для анализа большего количества переменных используйте сценарии. Несмотря на то что переменных не может быть больше двух, можно использовать сколько угодно различных значений переменных. В сценарии можно использовать не более 32 различных значений, зато вы можете создать сколько угодно сценариев.

При подготовке прогнозов вы можете использовать Excel для автоматической генерации будущих значений на базе существующих данных или для автоматического вычисления экстраполированных значений на основе арифметической или геометрической прогрессии.

Вы можете заполнить ряд значений, которые соответствуют простому линейному или экспоненциальному тренду роста, с помощью ручки заполнения или команды Ряд. Для расширения сложных и нелинейных данных можно использовать функции или средство регрессионного анализа надстройки «Надстройка анализа».

В средстве подбора параметров можно использовать только одну переменную, а с помощью надстройки Поиск решения вы можете создать обратную проекцию для большего количества переменных. Надстройка «Поиск решения» помогает найти оптимальное значение для формулы в одной ячейке листа, которая называется целевой.

Над решением работает группа ячеек, связанных с формулой в целевой ячейке. «Решение» изменяет значения изменяемых ячеек, которые вы указываете (регулируемые ячейки), чтобы получить результат, который вы указываете из формулы целевой ячейки. Ограничения можно применять для ограничения значений, которые можно использовать в модели, а ограничения могут ссылаться на другие ячейки, влияющие на формулу целевой ячейки.

Дополнительные сведения

Вы всегда можете задать вопрос специалисту Excel Tech Community или попросить помощи в сообществе Answers community.

Источник

Another helpful Excel guide from Acuity Training’s Nick Williams.

What-if analysis is a useful way of being able to test out various scenarios in Excel. You can look at these things two different ways.

The first way is to change the input variables and see what impact that has on the output. The scenario manager and data tables work in this way and can be used to answer questions like, what would happen to our profits if the number of units we sell doubled, or what would happen to our profits if the cost price of each of our units sold increased by 10%.

The second way is to say what outcome you would like to have and ask Excel to calculate what change in the inputs would be required to achieve this. The goal seek feature works this way and can answer questions such as how many units of a product need to be sold in order to reach a desired profit level.

Scenario Manager

The following example looks at scenarios showing the profit from selling 100 apples, with differing levels of mark-up.

The first step is to create some scenarios. The scenario manager can be found on the Data ribbon, under What-If Analysis. Click the Add button to start creating new scenarios. The next dialog box will ask for a name for the scenario and which cells are to be changed. A scenario can contain up to 32 changing cells, although in reality, most scenarios will use far fewer than this. Once the scenario name and cells to be changed have been selected, click the OK button and fill in the values for each cell to be used in the scenario. From here, click Add to continue adding more scenarios, or OK when finished.

For this example, four scenarios have been created – for a 50%, 100%, 150% and 200% markup. There are two ways that a scenario can be applied – it can either be shown on the worksheet itself, or a summary can be created. The below table shows the results when a 50% markup is applied. This was achieved simply by selecting the 50% Markup scenario from the Scenario Manager and clicking the Show button. 50% has been entered into the Markup column, and the figure in the Profit column, which is calculated using a formula referring to this has updated accordingly.

To compare results from several scenarios simultaneously, the Summary option can be used. As with the Show option, the Summary report is accessed from the Scenario Manager dialog box. There are two options here; Scenario summary and Scenario PivotTable Report. Although the option is there to display the results as a PivotTable report, in most cases, the summary will display the results in a more user-friendly way.

The below shows the results from the scenario summary, demonstrating that the profit changes depending on the markup scenario used. Note that the Changing Cells and Result Cells are shown using their cell references. In this example, they have been left so that they can be referred against the table above, however in practice, it will make the report easier to read if the cells have been named.

Goal Seek

The scenario manager is good for known variables, however, sometimes it is desirable to work backwards. Using the same example of selling 100 apples, we might want to know what markup we would need to use in order to achieve a profit of £25. Goal Seek can be used to answer exactly these sorts of questions.

Goal Seek can be found on the Data ribbon, under What-If Analysis. It simply asks for three parameters. Set cell refers to the cell we want to contain the goal value. In this case it is E2, the cell showing the profit on apples. The value in the To value box should represent the goal, in this case 25, representing the desired £25 profit. Finally, the By changing cell box should show the cell reference for the cell to be manipulated in order to achieve the goal, in this case the markup.

Upon pressing OK, Excel will look for a solution, displaying a dialog box like the one below when it has finished. Note that in the example below, cell C2 has been updated to show a 250% markup and cell E2 showing the profit has updated accordingly. Pressing OK will confirm these changes and commit them to the worksheet, while pressing cancel will see the cells revert back to their previous values.

Data Table

Scenario summaries give a table showing data from various scenarios, however, they do not update if the data they are based upon changes. In the apple sales example, we might not need scenarios based on the cost price, as this is a non-controllable factor, yet it could still change in the future. The scenario summaries based upon it would not change if this was updated, whereas a data table would.

Data tables can be based on either one or two variables. For a single variable, a two column data table is required. The first column should contain the variable, whilst the second should be left blank for Excel to populate. The exception to this is the very first row, where the second column should show the formula on which the calculation is based.

To populate the data table, select the entire table (in the case of this example this would be cells H2 to I6) and navigate to What-If Analysis on the Data ribbon, and choose Data Table from the drop down menu. On the dialog box that appears, select the cell containing the variable as the column input cell. This tells Excel to use the value in the input column instead of this cell in the formula performing the calculation. Press OK, and Excel will populate the rest of the data table.

A two variable data table works in much the same way, however the layout is slightly different. Instead of consisting of two columns, there should be one column containing the values for the first variable, with a row containing the values for the second variable. The formula should go in the top left corner, where the two meet.

As with a single variable data table, highlight the entire table, so B6 to F10 in the example, and select Data Table from the What-If Analysis Dropdown on the Data ribbon. This time, enter the cells containing both the row and column variables in the formula. Press OK, and Excel will populate the table.

Источник

Анализ «Что Если» в Excel позволяет попробовать различные значения (сценарии) для формул.
Следующий пример поможет Вам освоить Анализ «что если» быстро и легко.

Предположим, у вас есть книжный магазин и есть 100 книг на продажу. Вы продаете определенный % книг по самой высокой цене в $ 50 и определенный % книг по более низкой цене $ 20.

Если вы продаете 60% книг по самой высокой цене, ячейка D10 вычисляет общую прибыль в размере 60 * $ 50 + 40 * $ 20 = $ 3800.

Скачать рассматриваемый пример Вы можете по этой ссылке: Пример анализа «что если» в Excel.

Создание различных сценариев

Что будет, если Вы продадите 70% книг по высокой цене? А что будет, если Вы продадите 80% книг? Или 90%, или 100%? Каждый другой процент продажи книг — это различный сценарий.
Вы можете использовать «Диспетчер сценариев» для создания этих сценариев.

Примечание: Вы можете просто ввести другой процент в ячейку C4, что бы увидеть результат в ячейке C10. Однако, Анализ «что если» позволит Вам сравнить результаты различных сценариев.

Итак, приступим.

1. На вкладке Данные выберите Анализ «что если» и выберите Диспетчер сценариев из списка.
Откроется диалоговое окно Диспетчер сценариев.

2. Добавьте сценарий, нажав на кнопку Добавить.

3. Введите имя (60% книг по высокой цене), выберите ячейку C4 (% книг, которые продаются по высокой цене) для изменяемой ячейки и нажмите на кнопку OK.

4. Введите соответствующее значение 0,6 и нажмите на кнопку OK еще раз.

5. Далее, добавьте еще 4 других сценария (70%, 80%, 90% и 100% соответсвенно).

И, наконец, ваш Диспетчер сценариев должен соответствовать картинке ниже:

Примечание: чтобы увидеть результат сценария, выберите сценарий и нажмите на кнопку Вывести. Excel изменит значение ячейки C4 в соответствии со сценарием, что бы Вы смогли увидеть результат на листе.

Отчет по сценариям

Для того, чтобы легко сравнить результаты этих сценариев, выполните следующие действия:

1. Кликните по кнопке «Отчет» в Диспетчере сценариев.

2. Далее, выберите ячейку C10 (итого выручка) в качестве ячейки результата и нажмите ОК.

Результат:

Вывод: Если вы продаете 70% книг по высокой цене, то Вы получите общую выручку в размере $ 4100, если Вы продаете 80% книг по высокой цене, то Вы получаете общую прибыль в размере $ 4400 и т.д. Вот как легко можно использовать Анализ «что если» в Excel.

Подписывайтесь на нас в социальных сетях, оставляйте комментарии к статье. Надеюсь пример использования анализа «что если» в Excel Вам понравился.

Источник

If you’ve ever experimented with different variables to see how your changes would affect the outcome of a situation, you’ve done a what if analysis.

Would you be able to sell more items if you had a sale this week? Or would you make more money by increasing the price instead? In the above scenarios, you want to know the degree to which each change affects the overall outcome. For this reason, a what if analysis is also known as a sensitivity analysis.

Most what if analyses are really mathematical calculations, and that is Excel’s specialty. To help you do a what if analysis, Excel uses commands from the Forecast command group on the Data tab to prepare simple forecasts or advanced business models.

Download your free Excel practice file

Use this free Excel file to practice what if analysis along with the tutorial.

Goal Seek

The simplest sensitivity analysis tool in Excel is Goal Seek. Assuming that you know the single outcome you would like to achieve, the Goal Seek feature in Excel allows you to arrive at that goal by mathematically adjusting a single variable within the equation.

To illustrate how it works, imagine that the bank is offering an interest rate of 9% per annum on personal loans with 24 months to repay, and that you would like to borrow $40,000.

Using the above information, the bank calculates that the amount borrowed plus interest over the loan period will be $47,200, as shown in cell B5. The amount to be paid each month is also calculated and shown in cell B6.

By using the Goal Seek command, we can indicate a desired outcome and Excel will determine the adjustment we need to make to a single variable.

In the example above, cell B5 is dependent on the variables in cells B1, B2, and B3. Cell B6 is dependent on cells B3 and B5. Therefore, if we determine that the monthly repayment amount quoted is higher than desired, we can use Goal Seek to set the monthly amount to $1750. Excel can work backwards to change either cell B1, B2, or B3 to reach that goal.

Practically speaking, we may not have much control over the interest rate, so it is more likely that we have the option of adjusting the amount we borrow, or the repayment period.

Our first inclination may be to find out how much we will be able to borrow if we pay $1750 per month and all other variables remain the same. Excel will change the principal (B1) based on the number we enter as the new value for cell B6.

Assuming that the interest amount (9%) and loan period (24 months) remain the same, the new principal amount is calculated and displayed in cell B1 if a valid solution exists.

Points to note:

The cell chosen in the “Set cell” field must be a cell containing a formula.
The cell chosen in the “By changing cell” field must be a cell containing a constant.
Once “OK” is selected from the Goal Seek Status window, the values on the worksheet are adjusted and are only retrievable by selecting the ‘Undo’ command (Ctrl+Z Windows shortcut/Cmd+Z Mac shortcut).

Scenario Manager

Another what if analysis tool is the Scenario Manager. This option is somewhat more advanced than Goal Seek in that it allows the adjustment of multiple variables at the same time.

Some other noticeable differences between Goal Seek and Scenario Manager are listed below:

The Scenario Manager allows the creation of an unlimited number of possible scenarios by changing up to 32 variables at a time.
Each scenario can be saved for comparative purposes.
Scenarios may be named and edited, and a brief description provided.
Only constant values should be changed within the Scenario Manager — cells with formulas should not be manually adjusted.

If we continue our bank loan example, we can determine our model’s sensitivity to change by adjusting any or all of the values in cell B1, B2, or B3.

Best practice

As a best practice, the original worksheet data should be saved as a scenario so that you can revert to it after all the experiments have been completed.

Step 1 — Click ‘What If Analysis’ from the Data tab and select Scenario Manager.

Step 2 — Click ‘Add’ from the Scenario Manager pop-up window.

Step 3 — Name this scenario “Original” and enter the cell references of all cells with constant values that you may consider changing in other scenarios (maximum 32 cells). Click OK.

Step 4 — For the “Original” scenario, do not adjust any values in the ‘Scenario Values’ window.

Step 5 — Click ‘Add’ to create your first experimental scenario.

Creating experimental scenarios

When creating an experimental scenario, give the scenario a descriptive name from the ‘Add Scenario’ pop-up window. The changing cells will be the same as the ones referenced in your ‘Original’ scenario.

Even if you will not be adjusting all the values in those cells, it is highly recommended that they remain referenced in the ‘changing cells’ field. You may place additional details about the experimental scenario in the ‘Comment’ field (see below).

As illustrated above, our experimental scenario is given the name “36 months” and refers to cells B1 to B3 as changing cells. An additional comment indicates that this scenario is to determine the effect of borrowing $40,000 over a 36-month period.

In the ‘Scenario Values’ window, each changing cell is displayed as a field where we can manipulate the constant value so as to affect the outcome of the dependent cells — in our case, cells B5 and B6. As described in our scenario name and comments, we only adjust cell B3 by changing the value to 36.

To add another scenario at this point, select ‘Add’. If not, click OK.

Adjust multiple variables

To experiment with adjusting multiple variables within one scenario, the steps are the same as above, with the exception that the desired changes would be made in the Scenario Values window.

For example, to get Excel to perform a what if analysis on borrowing $50,000 over a 36-month period in the above situation at the same rate of interest, we would simply adjust the fields referencing those variables after creating a new scenario. Excel’s Scenario Manager can handle an unlimited number of scenarios created in this same way.

A list of created scenarios can be viewed by clicking OK from the Scenario Values window, or by selecting Scenario Manager from the What If Analysis dropdown menu.

To see the outcome of each adjustment on the output cell(s), either double click on a scenario name, or highlight a name and click Show.

Scenario summary

Scenarios that have been created may also be compared side by side with the creation of a Scenario summary worksheet, which is generated by selecting ‘Summary’ from the Scenario Manager window.

There are two report types available — Scenario summary and Scenario PivotTable report. Result cells are the cells that will be displayed in the summary. Ideally, these should include all cells which were adjusted as well as result cells. It’s also a good idea to select cells that contain header names so that these are clearly displayed in the summary.

Choosing the ‘Scenario summary’ option will create a new sheet within the workbook that displays each scenario in columnar format. Changing Cells are highlighted in gray, and Result Cells are displayed under Changing Cells.

Note that if named ranges were created for Changing or Result Cells, range names will be displayed instead of cell references.

Selecting the Scenario PivotTable report type will create a pivot table report in a new worksheet. Learn more about pivot tables from our Resource Library.

Using data tables for what if analysis

The third what if analysis tool from the Forecast command group is the Data Table. Data tables allow the adjustment of only one or two variables within a dataset, but each variable can have an unlimited number of possible values. Data tables are designed for side-by-side comparisons in a way that makes them easier to read than scenarios, once they are set up correctly.

Data tables are under-utilized, but are not as scary as they may seem.

One-variable data tables

If the only variable to be considered in our loan example were the amount being borrowed, we could set up a one-variable data table.

Step 1 — make a list of all possible principal loan amounts. The list may be by column or row. In our example, we will enter a column list in the range D9 to D12.

Step 2 — In an adjacent column, enter the formula which was used to arrive at the original outcome. In this case, we can simply type =B6 in cell E8. This links our new data table to the original variables.

Step 3 — Select the entire data table range, including the list of variable values, the formula, and blank cells.

Step 4 — From the What If Analysis dropdown menu, select Data Table.

Step 5 — In the column input cell field (since we entered our variables in column format), enter the cell reference that was used to calculate the result in the original dataset. In the above example, this would be cell B1 since this is the variable we have adjusted. No value is entered in the ‘Row input cell’ field in this instance since this is a one-variable data table.

Step 6 — Select OK. The result is a list of outcomes created by adjusting the one variable in cell B1, assuming that all other variables remain constant.

To create a row-oriented data table, the variables would be listed horizontally, and the row input cell would be used in the Data Table window instead of the column input cell.

Two-variable data tables

When creating a two-variable data table, one set of values is listed horizontally and the other set is listed vertically. In our example, we will add the loan period (term) as our second variable, displayed horizontally.

In this case, the formula which was used to arrive at the original outcome must be replicated above the vertical list of variables. As shown below, we type =B6 in cell D7. This links our new data table to the original variables.

As before, highlight the entire data table range and select Data Table from the What If Analysis menu. The row input cell is the cell reference (B3) that corresponds to the horizontal variables from the original dataset, while the column input cell (B1) corresponds to the vertical variables.

When we select OK, Excel returns a matrix that can be used to compare the outcome of different changes to our original scenario. It may be necessary to adjust the output cells to the appropriate number format for your data type (in the case of the above example, currency).

Summary

Now that you’ve taken the time to demystify how to do a what if analysis in Excel by using these three main tools, why not experiment with using them in different settings — like budget management, profit margin percentages, project completion targets, and the like?

Once you get the hang of these, you’ll want to check out our resource center and take our Basic and Advanced Excel course to become a real pro!

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Источник

What-if analysis is an important and highly advantageous tool in Microsoft Excel that contains three tools under it namely Scenario Manager, Goal Seek, and Data Table. These tools are highly useful and handy in business management and analysis and can help in achieving important business objectives.

We will learn each of these tools in-depth to get a complete understanding of the What-if Analysis tool in Excel.

What-if Analysis tools and using them in Excel

Let’s get started with this detailed step-by-step guide to using and learning Scenario Manager, Goal Seek, and Data table tool under What-if analysis.

1. Steps to use Scenario Manager in Excel

Scenario Manager is a tool under what-if analysis in Excel that can be used for comparing real values with assumed and forecasted values for a product or item.

For example, this tool can be used in comparing the current cost with a probable minimum and maximum cost of an item.

Let’s take this instance forward and learn how the Scenario Manager tool can help us out. To begin with, we take a current cost breakdown of an item of an imaginary company for the month of January.

2. Comparing costs using Scenario Manager

We will now create two scenarios with estimated minimum cost and maximum cost, then compare these two with the current cost, with the Scenario Manager.

Go to the Data tab.
Under the Forecast group.
Pull-down on What-if Analysis.
Click on Scenario Manager.

Once the Scenario Manager window opens, click Add.
In the Add Scenario window, name your scenario in Scenario Name that is suitable to you. Here, we will name our first scenario as “Min” because we are creating a minimum cost scenario.
Backspace comments if you do not wish to see them.
Check Prevent Changes to protect the summary from being manipulated.
Hit OK to proceed to the next step.

You will now see a window named Scenario Values which shows all values you selected from the table.

Simply change the values to the estimated/forecasted minimum costs for the item.

Now that we also want to add the estimated maximum costs, we will click Add instead of OK.

Name your scenario as “Max” this time.
Select the current costs from the table again.
Hit OK to proceed.
Enter the maximum estimated costs for the item.
Hit OK.

You now see all newly created scenarios listed in the Scenario Manager.

Click Summary to view the Scenario Summary.
In the Scenario Summary window, select the cell with a total cost in the data table and hit OK to continue.

You can see that a scenario summary has been created in a new sheet named Scenario Summary, showcasing current costs and estimated minimum and maximum costs.

3. Steps to use Goal Seek in Excel

The Goal Seek tool can be found under What-if analysis in the Data tab in Excel. This tool is used to estimate a value required to achieve a given specific goal or target.

Learn about the Goal Seek tool in detail here: How to use Goal Seek in Excel?

For instance, you are a teacher in a school, and it runs examinations for 6 subjects. But examinations of only 5 subjects were given by all students due to a weather change and sudden floods.

You are now supposed to reckon a predicted mark for students in the 6th subject. Let’s see how Goal Seek can help us out.

There are two types of students here; an average and a nerd. You have to predict a figure for a mark lost based on the marks obtained in the other 5 subjects, for the 6th subject.

Finding Total Percentage

To begin with, we will first find a total percentage for all cells with and without marks for both students.
Also, find a percentage for 5 subjects for both students to understand their performances in the attempted tests solely (exclude the blank cell).
This figure will help you determine a number in Goal seek settings to set as the goal TOTAL to be achieved to predict a mark for the 6th subject.

Go to the Data tab, under the Forecast section, pull-down on What-if Analysis.
Select Goal Seek which will now open a new window called Goal Seek.

In the Set cell box, select the cell with total percentage for 6 subjects.
In To value, enter the total percentage you found for 5 subjects.
By changing cells, select the empty cell without marks i.e., the marks of the 6th subject.
Hit OK and you now have the mark for the 6^th subject.

This is how Goal Seek in Excel can help you predict or find out missing or estimated figures in a dataset.

4. Steps to use Data Table in Excel

Data Table is a beneficial tool that helps you determine multiple answers to a specific problem. You can use data tables to achieve a variety of objectives with the right knowledge.

Let’s take a simple example to help you understand what Data Table is and how to use it in Excel.

We have a product with a total quantity of 40,000 units in stock priced at $20 per unit. The total revenue is $800,000 at this price. We are interested in finding out the revenues at different prices and at varying numbers of units.

This is where the Data Table tool can come in handy. Let’s learn to create a complete dataset that displays changing revenue rates at changing prices and quantities of a product in Excel.

First, calculate the total revenue by multiplying 40,000 units by $20.
Remember to use a formula to calculate the revenue for creating a data table. You can either use the PRODUCT formula to multiply or write 40,000 and 20 in two different cells and multiplying them like this- =cell1*cell2.

Calculating Revenue

select a cell below this table, type ‘’=’’ and select the cell with calculated profit and hit ENTER.

The calculated revenue should be displayed in that cell.
We now horizontally type some quantity values in the increment of 5,000 units each.
Type the varying prices in the increment of $0.50, vertically.
Now, select the table area to let the data table put revenue values at these prices and quantities.

This is how your table should be structured and selected for the data table to function.

Once the table is selected, go to the Data tab.
Under the Forecast section, pull-down on What-if Analysis.
Select Data Table which will now open a new window called Data Table.
In the Row Input Cell, select the quantity that is, 40,000 in C3.
In the Column Input Cell, select the price $20 that is, C4.
Click OK to apply.

You can find that you’ve got revenue calculations at different prices and quantities for the same product. So, you now know that the revenue is $150,000 if you sell 15,000 units at $10.

Recommended read: How to Stop Excel from Rounding?

Conclusion

This article was all about the What-if Analysis tool in Excel. Comment your queries below and get answered!

References: Microsoft

Источник

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See Also

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Want more options?

Create Different Scenarios

Scenario Summary

Goal Seek

Table of contents

#1 Scenario Manager in What-If Analysis

#2 Goal Seek in What-If Analysis

#3 Data Table in What-If Analysis

Things to Remember

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3 parts of what-if-analysis in Excel

Goal Seek in What if analysis

Data Table in What-If analysis

1-input Data Table

2-input Data Table

Scenario Manager in what if analysis

Compare the scenarios

Conclusion

Introduction to What-If Analysis

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What-If Analysis

Create Different Scenarios

Scenario Summary

Goal Seek

Введение в анализ «что если»

Дополнительные сведения

Scenario Manager

Goal Seek

Data Table

Создание различных сценариев

Отчет по сценариям

Goal Seek

Scenario Manager

Best practice

Creating experimental scenarios

Adjust multiple variables

Scenario summary

Using data tables for what if analysis

One-variable data tables

Two-variable data tables

Summary

What-if Analysis tools and using them in Excel

1. Steps to use Scenario Manager in Excel

2. Comparing costs using Scenario Manager

3. Steps to use Goal Seek in Excel

4. Steps to use Data Table in Excel

Conclusion