Examples of the word motivation

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External motivation comes from other people or situations.

Внешняя мотивация — это стимулы, которые приходят к нам от других людей или обстоятельств.

Keywords: administrative influence, economic psychology, motivation, motivational mechanism, tangible motivation, intangible motivation, constraint.

Ключевые слова: административное влияние, экономическая психология, мотивация, мотивационный механизм, материальная мотивация, нематериальная мотивация, принуждение.

He has confirmed religious motivation, but denied racial motivation for his crimes.

Он дал признательные показания, однако категорически отвергал религиозные мотивы своего преступления.

I agree that the best kind of motivation is intrinsic motivation.

Могу сказать по себе, что наиболее эффективный вид мотивации — это внутренняя мотивация.

Many psychologists believe that extrinsic motivation can never be compared in strength with intrinsic motivation.

При этом многие психологи утверждают, что внешняя мотивация никогда не может сравниться по своей силе с внутренней мотивацией.

Keywords: philosophical and methodological approach, unified organizational culture, motivation to avoid failures, motivation of achievement, transformation of motivation.

Ключевые слова: философско-методологический подход, единая организационная культура, мотивация избегания неудач, мотивацию достижения, трансформация мотивации.

Keywords: motivation of economic activity, economic incentives, property, institutions, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, agency costs.

Ключевые слова: мотивация экономической деятельности, экономические стимулы, собственность, институты, внешняя мотивация, внутренняя мотивация, агентские издержки.

Key words: motivation, non-financial incentives, staff’s motivation, the system of non-financial motivation, non-financial encouragement, non-financial recognition, efficiency.

Ключевые слова: мотивация, нематериальные стимулы, мотивация персонала, система нефинансовой мотивации, нематериальное стимулирование, нематериальное поощрение, эффективность.

The first-year students increased their motivation for achievement, and the level of motivation for self-esteem and introjection motivation decreased.

У студентов первого курса усилилась мотивация достижения, и понизился уровень мотивации самоуважения и интроецированной мотивации.

Keywords: motivation, motivation methods, motivation subject, motivation object

Procedural theories of motivation (motivation occurs during labor process).

Extrinsic motivation on the other hand refers to motivation that comes from others or our environment.

Простыми словами, внешняя мотивация — это стимулы которые приходят к нам от других людей или обстоятельств.

Non-monetary motivation system should be more excessive and diverse than material motivation.

Система нематериальной мотивации должна быть более избыточной и разнообразной, чем материальная мотивация.

However, the long-term motivation and effective changes in the employees’ behavior are achieved only with the creation of intrinsic motivation.

Однако долговременная мотивация и эффективные изменения в поведении сотрудников достигаются только при условии создания внутренней мотивации.

The purpose is connected with motivation: without motivation it will be looming somewhere ahead.

Цель тесно связана с мотивацией: без мотивации она так и будет маячить где-то впереди.

However, the ultimate motivation for corporations to practice social responsibility should not be a financial motivation, but a moral and ethical one.

Однако конечной мотивацией для корпораций практиковать социальную ответственность должна быть не финансовая, а моральная и этическая мотивация.

I can say for myself that the most effective type of motivation is internal motivation.

Могу сказать по себе, что наиболее эффективный вид мотивации — это внутренняя мотивация.

The goal of the article lies in the study of the essence of labour motivation and establishment of differences between stimulation and motivation.

Цель статьи заключается в исследовании сущности мотивации труда и установлении различий между стимулированием и мотивацией.

Use the following tips as motivation to help you when your own motivation starts to wane.

Используйте следующие советы в качестве мотивации, чтобы помочь вам, когда ваша собственная мотивация начнет ослабевать.

Unlike intrinsic motivation, external factors drive this form of motivation.

В отличие от внутренней мотивации, внешние факторы влияют на эту форму мотивации.

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The
term ‘motivation’
is used to denote the relationship existing between the meaning of
the word and some characteristic feature that was the basis to name
this object or phenomenon.

This
characteristic feature is called motivating
feature.
In the process of designation of one and the same object or
phenomenon different motivating features can be used. For example, in
Russian the basis to express the notion ‘носовой
платок’
was the feature, that it was used to wipe the nose; in English the
motivating feature was that it was held in the hand (hand
+ kerchief).

Motivation
can be real
(as
in the above given examples), it is based on the real motivating
feature. Motivation can also be unreal,
reflecting ancient myths and legends. For example, in some languages
the names of the days of the week are connected with the names of
gods.

Motivation
can be phonetic,
morphological and semantic.

1. Words
   are phonetically
   motivated
   when there is a certain similarity between the sounds that make up
   the words and the sense they denote. Such words as hiss,
   bang, buzz, howl, etc.
   are phonetically motivated because the sounds that make them up
   reflect directly or approximately the natural sounds.

Phonetically
motivated are not only echoic, onomatopoeic words, but also sound
symbolic
(звукосимволические),
that denote different kinds of movement, size, form, distance, etc.

2)
Morphological motivation

One-morpheme
words such as e.g. sing,
tell, cat, table,
etc. are non-motivated
morphologically
(may be phonetically?).

Derived
words as e.g. rethink,
leader,
eatable,
etc. are motivated
morphologically,
we can see a direct connection between the structural pattern of the
word and its meaning (re-
prefix expressing repetition of an action + think,
lead
+ suffix –er
expressing the doer of an action, etc.). Motivation here stops on
word level, the morphemes themselves are not motivated
morphologically.

Words
are supposed to be non-motivated if the connection between the
structure of the word and its meaning is completely arbitrary and
conventional, e.g. repeat,
matter,
etc.

There
are also partially motivated words as for example, cranberry
where berry
has its meaning, but cran-
does not.

3)
Semantic motivation
is based on the co-existence of direct
and figurative
meaning,
i.e. of the old sense and new within the same word, e.g. the word
mouth
has two meanings: 1) a part of the human face, 2) any opening or
outlet (the
mouth
of
a river).
In its direct meaning the word mouth
is non-motivated, in its figurative meaning it is semantically
motivated, so semantic motivation is also only relative. One more
example of semantic motivation is the word eyewash
that means 1) a lotion for the eyes (morphological motivation), 2)
something said or done to deceive a person (semantic motivation).

Motivation
and meaning of the word should be differentiated: motives to call a
thing by a certain name can be different, meaning can be the same in
different languages. This is an argument to the scholars who say that
if some particular sounds denoted some particular phenomenon, sound
symbolic words would be the same in all languages. But they would
not, because their motivation is different, e.g. in English the
symbol [gl]
defines light and fire – glimmer,
glitter,
glow,
glare,
etc. In Russian different sounds define the same phenomenon –
сиять,
сверкать,
светить,
etc.

Motivation
can fade and be lost in the course of language development, e.g. the
verb earn
does not suggest any connection with agriculture at present (in
Modern English), it is purely conventional. Etymological analysis
however shows that it is derived from Old English ( e-)earnian
‘to harvest’. In Modern English this connection no longer exists,
the motivation is lost and the word earn
is now non-motivated.

Hence,
no word can be taken out of nowhere. Motivation is necessary when a
word originates. It is impossible that people just decided, that this
combination of sounds should mean this and that combination should
mean that. In their origin all the words are motivated.

There
exist several methods
of the semasiological analysis
of meaning:

a)
Definitional
method

Definitional
analysis is the study of dictionary definitions of words. In this
analysis the data from various dictionaries are analysed
comparatively.

b)
Transformational analysis.
In this way the semantic components of the analysed words are singled
out. In the analysed examples we have singled out just denotative
components, there are no connotative components in them.

c)
Componential analysis
– is the distinguishing of semantic components of the analysed word
– denotation and connotation (if any). In the process of this
analysis the meaning of a word is defined as a set of elements of
meaning which are not part of the vocabulary of the language itself,
but rather theoretical elements. These theoretical elements are
necessary to describe the semantic relations between the lexical
elements of a given language.

1. The
   semantic structure of a word is also studied through the word’s
   linear relationships with other words, i.e. through its
   combinability,
   collocability
   or in other words – distribution.
   “By distribution the total of all environments in which a word
   occurs is meant” Thus, this distributional
   analysis
   or the analysis
   of combinability, collocability
   studies semantics of a word through its occurrence with other words.

2. Close
   to the previous method is contextual
   analysis.
   It states that difference in meaning of linguistic units is always
   indicated by a difference in environment. It studies interaction of
   a polysemantic word with syntactic and lexical environment. Context
   is divided into lexical, syntactical and mixed.

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Last Updated:
12 Apr 2023
— Updated example sentences

Motivation is defined as inner burning passion caused by need, wants and desire which propels an individual to exert his physical and mental energy to achieve desired objectives.

Motivation is goal-directed behavior. People are motivated when they expect that a course of action is likely to lead to the attainment of a goal and a valued reward – one that satisfies their needs and wants.

Three Components of Motivation

1. Direction: what a person is trying to do.
2. Effort: how hard a person is trying.
3. Persistence: how long a person keeps on trying.

Read: What is Organizational Behavior?

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Dynamics of Motivation

Motivation is triggered by the psychological tension comes due to the unfulfilled need and drive consumers to buy. Consumers strive consciously and unconsciously to bring down their tension by selecting goals in anticipation of fulfilling their needs.

Basic idea of marketing is to identify and fulfill the needs. Marketers tend to fulfill unfelt or dormant needs. Basic needs of consumer do not change but the product fulfilling the need may change.

A product-focused towards the consumer need ensures that companies remain in forefront of the search for new and effective solutions. This helps companies to survive and grow even in tough competition.

Level of motivation

The level of motivation would depend on the intensity and urgency of need. Consumer motivational levels may vary from low to high depending on how important is that purchase. Besides, various Influences affecting consumers’ buying include familiarity with the purchase, status factors and overall expense & value.

Where fulfillment rewards are low, as with routine purchases like salt, sugar, tea, shampoo etc., motivation levels are also relatively low and involve little decision-making behavior.

On the other hand, with a complex, risky and emotionally-charged process such as buying a new car, the drive to achieve the best result is high.

Motivational behavior

The behavioral aspect of consumer motivation concerns the actions we take before purchasing and consuming goods or services. We might do a lot of research-evaluating alternatives, testing, and sampling before making a purchase decision.

Marketers aim to gain the most impact and eventual sales by linking their products and services to clearly defined consumer needs and by understanding what motivates people to buy.

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Motivation Definition

Motivation is the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organisational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual needs.

Stephen P Robbins

It is the desire within an individual that stimulates him or her to action.

George R. Terry

It is the way in which urges, drives, desires, aspirations, strivings or needs direct, control or explains the behaviour of human beings.

D.E. McFarland

It is a process of stimulating people to action to accomplish desired goals.

Scot

It is the way in which urges, drives, desires, aspirations, strivings need direct, control or explain the behaviour of human beings.

Mc Farland

It is a willingness to expand energy to achieve a goal or reward. It is a force that activates dormant energies and sets in motion the action of the people. It is the function that kindles a burning passion for action among the human beings of an organisation.

C.B. Mamoria

It is steering one’s actions toward certain goals and committing a certain part of one’s energies to reach them.

S.W Gellerman

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Motivation Meaning

Motivation comes from the Latin word “movere” which means, “to move”.

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Concept of Motivation

Read: What is Learning?

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Types of Motivation

The two types of motivation are:

1. Intrinsic motivation
2. Extrinsic motivation

Intrinsic motivation

Intrinsic motivation can arise from self-generated factors that influence people’s behaviour. It is not created by external incentives.

It can take the form of motivation by the work itself when
individuals feel that their work is important, interesting and challenging and
provides them with a reasonable degree of autonomy (freedom to act),
opportunities to achieve and advance, and scope to use and develop their skills
and abilities.

Extrinsic motivation

Extrinsic motivation occurs when things are done to or for people to motivate them.

These include rewards, such as incentives, increased pay,
praise, or promotion; and punishments, such as disciplinary action, withholding
pay, or criticism. Extrinsic motivators can have an immediate and powerful
effect, but will not necessarily last long.

Now, let’s move further and try to understand importance of motivation and its Characteristics of motivation.

Read: What is Attitude?

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Characteristics of Motivation

Characteristics of motivation are briefly explained below:

1. Motivation is a psychological phenomenon
2. Motivation is a continuous process
3. Motivation is caused due to anticipated perceived value from an action
4. Motivation varies from person to person and time to time
5. An individual is motivated by positive or negative motivation

Motivation is a psychological phenomenon

It is the inner desire of an individual to achieve something more. More is the individual motivated better performance and organization relations.

Motivation is a continuous process

Since need and desire are endless so the need is a continuous phenomenon if one need is satisfied the other need emerges.

Motivation is caused due to anticipated perceived value from an action

Perceived value is the probability or expectancy. motivation= value × expectancy.

Motivation varies from person to person and time to time

Motivation is different for different persons and it also varied according to time and place because wants are different for different people, according to time and places.

An individual is motivated by positive or negative motivation

Positive motivation is based on incentives or rewards. Incentives can be monetary and non-monetary.
Negative motivation is based on penalties, calling for explanation, threats, fear, etc. Fear of losing the job or promotion

Read: What is Assessment Centre?

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Importance of Motivation

Broadly, the importance of motivation is as follow:

1. High level of performance
2. Low employee turn over and absenteeism
3. Acceptance of organization change
4. Organizational image

High level of performance

Organizations must ensure that the employees have a high degree of motivation. A highly motivated employee put extra effort into work and have a sense of belonging for the organization.

The efficiency of work will be improved, wastage will be minimum which will result in increased productivity, and performance level will be high.

Low employee turn over and absenteeism

Low level of motivation is a root cause of low turnover and absenteeism. High level of absenteeism causes a low level of production, poor quality, wastages and disruption in production schedules.

Increased turnover is disastrous for any organization as it puts a strain on the financial position of the organization due to additional recruitment, selection, training and development.

Acceptance of organization change

Social change and technology evolution happens in the external environment have greater impact on the motivation of the employee. Management must ensure that the changes are introduced in the organization and its benefits explained to the employees so that there is no resistance to change and organizational growth is achieved.

Re-engineering, empowerment, job enrichment, job rotation, the introduction of new technology and processes will go a long way to boost employee morale and achieve a high degree of motivation.

Organizational image

Employees are the mirrors of any organization. Regular training & development programmes should be organized to keep employees updated with the latest skills. It will have a positive impact on the employees and the image of the organization will be improved.

The high organizational image will contribute towards the brand image of the product and services the organization is marketing.

Read: Theories of Personality

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Tools of Motivation to Boost Employee Morale

It is very important for an organization to have a happy and satisfied workforce. A discontented and unmotivated staff may drastically impact the productivity and work relationship of the organization. Hence organizations use different motivational tools to boost the morale of their employees.

These can be physical or monetary rewards, or internal and intrinsic that uses psychological measures to enhance the self-esteem of the employees.

Some of the motivational tools applied by the organizations are discussed below:

• Job Characteristic Model
• Job Redesign
• Alternative Work Arrangements
• Empowerment
• Participative Management
• Quality of Work Life (QWL)
• Motivation Through Variable Pay Programs
• Mentoring
• Employee Counseling

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Motivation Theories

Motivation theories are categories into two: content and process theories.

Content theory

Content theories try to figure “what” motivates people. Following are the motivation theories in content theory perspective.

• Maslow’s need Hierarchy
• Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory
• McClelland’s Needs Theory
• Alderfer’s ERG Theory

Process theory

Process theories try to figure “How” the motivation occurs. Following are the motivation theories in process theory perspective.

• Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
• Adam’s Equity Theory
• Reinforcement Theory
• Carrot and Stick Approach to Motivation

Read: Motivation Theories

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Reference

1. Anne Bruce and James S. Pepitone, Motivating Employees, McGraw-Hill.
2. Barry Silverstein, Motivating Employees: Bringing Out the Best in Your People, Collins Business.

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