Example for passive word

В этой статье мы изучим правила образования пассивного залога в английском языке, а также на примерах разберемся в каких случаях он используется.

Далеко не всегда мы можем уточнить, кто выполняет действие, а порой нам это и вовсе не нужно. В таких случаях уместно употреблять пассивный или страдательный залог, который в английском языке называют passive voice. Давайте разберем, что такое passive voice и правила его образования, а затем рассмотрим случаи его употребления.

Образование passive voice

В английском языке существует два залога — активный (active voice) и пассивный или страдательный (passive voice). В активном залоге действие выполняет подлежащее. В пассивном залоге действие происходит над подлежащим. Давайте сравним:

Mary cleans the office every morning. — Мэри убирает офис каждое утро. (активный залог)

Подлежащее (Мэри) выполняет действие (убирает).

The office is cleaned every morning. — Офис убирают каждое утро. (пассивный залог)

Неизвестно, кто выполняет действие. Подлежащее (офис) подвергается действию (его убирают).

She asked her students to come earlier. — Она попросила студентов прийти раньше. (активный залог)
The students were asked to come earlier. — Студентов попросили прийти раньше. (пассивный залог)

Страдательный залог в английском языке образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be и смыслового глагола в третьей форме. На месте подлежащего в утвердительных предложениях будет стоять человек или предмет, над которым будет производиться действие. Посмотрите на схеме ниже, как активный залог можно преобразовать в пассивный.

Образование пассивного залога в разных временах представлено в таблице ниже. Времена группы Perfect Continuous, а также Future Continuous в пассивном залоге не используются.

Время	Когда используем	Формула	Пример
Present Simple	– регулярное действие – констатация факта	is/am/are + V3	Thousands of dollars are spent on coffee in America every day. — Тысячи долларов тратятся на кофе в Америке каждый день.
Past Simple	– завершенное действие в прошлом	was/were + V3	The radio was invented 150 years ago. — Радио изобрели 150 лет назад.
Future Simple	– действие произойдет в будущем	will be + V3	The letter will be sent tomorrow. — Письмо отправят завтра.
Present Continuous	– действие происходит в момент речи, прямо сейчас	am/is/are + being + V3	The car is being refueled now. — Машину заправляют сейчас.
Past Continuous	– действие происходило в определенный момент в прошлом, акцент на продолжительности действия	was/were + being + V3	The exam was being taken yesterday morning. — Экзамен сдавали вчера утром.
Present Perfect	– действие уже завершилось, акцент на результат	has/have + been + V3	The flowers have already been watered. — Цветы уже полили.
Past Perfect	– действие завершилось до определенного момента или другого события в прошлом	had + been + V3	The police had been called before the burglars ran away. — Полицию вызвали до того, как воры убежали.
Future Perfect	– действие будет завершено до определенного момента в будущем	will + have + been + V3	The article will have been rewritten by tomorrow morning. — Статью перепишут к завтрашнему утру.

Для образования отрицательной формы пассивного залога необходима частица not. Ставим ее после вспомогательного глагола. Если вспомогательных глаголов несколько, ставим not после первого.

I left my camera on the bench and it was not stolen! — Я забыл камеру на лавочке, и ее не украли!
The car has not been transported yet. — Машину еще не перевезли.

Чтобы задать вопрос в пассивном залоге, необходимо поставить вспомогательный глагол на первое место.

Will the meeting be held next week? — Встречу проведут на следующей неделе?
Was the match canceled because of the weather? — Матч отменили из-за погоды?

Если есть необходимость указать, кем выполняется действие, в конце предложения ставим предлог by + того, кто выполняет действие.

The book was written by an unknown author. — Книга была написана неизвестным автором.
You will never be disappointed by your loyal employees. — Ты никогда не будешь разочарован своими верными сотрудниками.

Разобраться в сложной грамматической теме вам поможет один из наших опытных преподавателей.

Случаи использования passive voice

1. Когда тот, кто выполняет действие, неизвестен, неважен или очевиден. Действие важнее того, кто его совершает.

   My project for English literature is ruined! Who did it? — Мой проект по английской литературе испорчен! Кто это сделал?
   Your delegation will be met at the airport. You will see a card with your name. — Вашу делегацию встретят в аэропорту. Вы увидите карточку с вашим именем.
   You may go to your room. Your suitcase will be taken there in a minute. — Вы можете проходить в свою комнату. Ваш чемодан принесут туда через минуту.

2. Когда описываем действие в новостях, заголовках, рекламных объявлениях.

   The local shop was robbed this morning. — Местный магазин ограбили этим утром.
   A big discount will be provided for the first ten customers. — Большая скидка будет предоставлена первым десяти покупателям.

3. Когда описываем общие факты, идеи, мнения.

   Quentin Tarantino is known all around the world. — Квентина Тарантино знают по всему миру.
   His picture was described as the best artwork of the past year. — Его картина была описана, как лучшая работа прошедшего года.

4. Когда хотим сделать высказывание более вежливым или формальным.

   Have you cancelled the meeting? — Ты отменил встречу? (прямой вопрос)
   Has the meeting been cancelled? — Встречу отменили? (более вежливый вопрос).

   You haven’t paid for electricity since January! — Вы не платите за электричество с января!
   The electricity hasn’t been paid for since January. — За электричество не платят с января.

Другие формы passive voice

Разберем, в каких еще формах и конструкциях можно употреблять страдательный залог.

1. Пассивный залог также используется в следующих вариантах:
   

   Форма	Формула	Пример
   Present Infinitive	to be + V3	She hopes to be invited to the party. — Она надеется, что ее пригласят на вечеринку. They expect the work to be done by the weekend. — Они ожидают, что работу закончат к выходным.
   Perfect Infinitive	to have been + V3	He pretended to have been given money. — Он притворился, что ему дали деньги. He was really surprised to have been granted a certificate. — Он был очень удивлен, что ему выдали сертификат.
   -ing form	being + V3	Nobody likes being treated badly. — Никому не нравится, когда с ним обращаются плохо. I hate being told what to do. — Я ненавижу, когда мне говорят, что делать.
   Perfect -ing form	having been + V3	They admitted having been told about that. — Они признали, что им это говорили. I don’t remember having been asked to help her. — Я не помню, чтобы меня просили ей помочь.
   Modals	must/can be + V3	This rule must be taken into consideration. — Это правило должно быть принято во внимание. It can be postponed till Tuesday. — Это можно отложить до вторника.

2. Глаголы to believe (верить, полагать), to expect (ожидать), to feel (чувствовать), to hope (надеяться), to know (знать), to say (говорить), to think (думать), to report (сообщать, докладывать), to understand (понимать, подразумевать) могут использоваться в пассивном залоге только в двух типах конструкций: impersonal construction, personal construction. Эти конструкции нужны, когда у нас нет необходимости ссылаться на мнение кого-то конкретного. Мы говорим об общеизвестных фактах, общем мнении.
   

   Название конструкции	Формула	Пример
   Impersonal construction	It + пассивный залог + that-clause	It is believed that they are from a very rich family. — Считается, что они из очень богатой семьи. It was expected that they would come on Friday. — Ожидалось, что они приедут в пятницу.
   Personal construction	Подлежащее + пассивный залог + to + infinitive	They are believed to be from a very rich family. — Считается, что они из очень богатой семьи. They were expected to come on Friday. — Ожидалось, что они приедут в пятницу.

   Давайте еще раз посмотрим, как из предложений в активном залоге образуются пассивные конструкции.

   People say Anna is a gossiper. — Люди говорят, что Анна — сплетница.
   It is said that Anna is a gossiper. — Говорят, что Анна — сплетница. (impersonal construction)
   Anna is said to be a gossiper. — Говорят, что Анна — сплетница. (personal construction)

   They know that Eric works for FBI. — Они знают, что Эрик работает на ФБР.
   It is known that Eric works for FBI. — Известно, что Эрик работает на ФБР. (impersonal construction)
   Eric is known to work for FBI. — Известно, что Эрик работает на ФБР. (personal construction)

3. Когда действие выполняет кто-то за нас или для нас, используется конструкция have something done. Как правило, речь может идти о предоставлении каких-либо услуг. Предложения с этой конструкцией строятся следующим образом:

   Подлежащее + have + дополнение + глагол в 3-ей форме

   I did my nails yesterday. — Я сделала маникюр вчера.
   I had my nails done yesterday. — Мне сделали маникюр вчера.

   His parents will build a house tree. — Его родители построят домик на дереве.
   They will have their tree house built. — Им построят домик на дереве.

   Эта конструкция может использоваться в разных временах. В зависимости от времени меняется вспомогательный глагол have.

   Время	Пример в активном залоге	Пример с конструкцией have something done
   Present Simple	She cleans my flat every weekend. — Она убирает мою квартиру каждые выходные.	I have my flat cleaned every weekend. — Мою квартиру убирают каждые выходные.
   Past Simple	I sent a parcel. — Я отправил посылку.	I had my parcel sent. — Мою посылку отправили.
   Future Simple	We will paint the kitchen. — Мы покрасим кухню.	We will have our kitchen painted. — Нам покрасят кухню.
   Present Continuous	They are repairing the road. — Они ремонтируют дорогу.	They are having the road repaired. — Им ремонтируют дорогу.
   Past Continuous	We were changing the wheel. — Мы меняли колесо.	We were having the wheel changed. — Нам меняли колесо.
   Future Continuous	I will be doing make-up. — Я буду делать макияж.	I will be having my make-up done. — Мне будут делать макияж.
   Present Perfect	Our neighbours have just built a fence. — Наши соседи только построили забор.	Our neighbours have just had the fence built. — Нашим соседям только построили забор.
   Present Perfect Continuous	I have been washing the car for two hours. — Я мою машину последние два часа.	I have been having the car washed for two hours. — Мне два часа моют машину.
   Past Perfect	He had stolen the wallet. — Он украл кошелек.	He had had his wallet stolen. — У него украли кошелек.
   Past Perfect Continuous	She had been sewing the dress. — Она шила платье.	She had been having the dress sewed. — Ей шили платье.

   В разговорной речи вспомогательный глагол have часто заменяют на get.

   I want to get my purchase delivered. — Я хочу, чтобы мою покупку доставили.
   He got the door installed. — Ему установили дверь.

Надеемся, наша статья была для вас полезной и вы разобрались в разных формах страдательного залога. Предлагаем пройти небольшой тест.

Below are 100 Examples of Active Passive Voice in English. Let us first discuss active and passive voice.

Active and Passive Voice

Active Voice

We use active voice in our daily speech and normal conversation. Active voice is used when we have to describe a situation. We will use active voice when describing a situation from the perspective of the other person. The other person is basically the one performing the action. In active voice, the subject is the person, and action is referred to as the object.

Some examples of active voice are:

• The cat killed the mouse.
• The man cut down the tree.
• Columbus discovered America.
• His teacher praises him
• The boy teased the dog.

Passive Voice

When the object is affected by the action, we use passive voice. A verb is in the passive voice when its form shows that something is done to the person or thing denoted by the subject. The passive voice may be used when the doer is not known or for when for any reason we don’t want to name the doer.

Some Examples of Passive Voice are:

• He was praised by his father.
• The horse was frightened by the noise.
• Now a word was spoken by Sara.
• The road was lined with people.

100 Examples of Active and Passive Voice

Below are examples of active voice and passive voice:

Active Voice:– She is going to deliver the letters.

Passive Voice:– The letters are going to be delivered.

–

Active Voice:– I’m going to make a cake.

Passive Voice:– A cake is going to be made.

–

Active Voice:– She will deliver the letters.

Passive Voice:– The letters will be delivered.

–

Active Voice:– I have made a cake.

Passive Voice:– A cake has been made.

–

Active Voice:– Sapna helps the old lady.

Passive Voice:– The old lady was helped by Sapna.

–

Active Voice:– She must deliver the letters.

Passive Voice:– The letters must be delivered.

–

Active Voice:– She delivered the letters.

Passive Voice:– The letters were delivered.

–

Active Voice:– I was making a cake.

Passive Voice:– A cake was being made.

–

Active Voice:– Did you show me the dress?

Passive Voice:– Was I shown the dress by you?

–

Active Voice:– She has to deliver the letters.

Passive Voice:– The letters have to be delivered.

–

Active Voice:– They called off the meeting.

Passive Voice:– The meeting was called off.

–

Active Voice:– Sue changed the flat tire.

Passive Voice:– The flat tire was changed by Sue.

–

Active Voice:– They will send him away to school.

Passive Voice:– He will be sent away to school.

–

Active Voice:– He was writing a letter.

Passive Voice:– A letter was being written by him.

–

Active Voice:– She had delivered the letters.

Passive Voice:– The letters had been delivered.

–

Active Voice:– I should have made a cake.

Passive Voice:– A cake should have been made.

–

Active Voice:– I was playing video games.

Passive Voice:– The video games were being played by me.

–

Active Voice:– The choir really enjoys that piece.

Passive Voice:– That piece is really enjoyed by the choir.

–

Active Voice:– I invited you to the party.

Passive Voice:– You were invited by me to the party.

–

Active Voice:– Tom painted the entire house.

Passive Voice:– The entire house was painted by Tom.

–

Active Voice:– She has delivered the letters.

Passive Voice:– The letters have been delivered.

–

Active Voice:– I must make a cake.

Passive Voice:– A cake must be made.

–

Active Voice:– I am eating breakfast.

Passive Voice:– The breakfast is being eaten by me.

–

Active Voice:– Mother is cooking lunch in the kitchen.

Passive Voice:– Lunch is being cooked in the kitchen.

–

Active Voice:– We will be watching the match.

Passive Voice:– The match will be being watched by us.

–

Active Voice:– I’m making a cake.

Passive Voice:– A cake is being made.

–

Active Voice:– The two kings are signing the treaty.

Passive Voice:– The treaty is being signed by the two kings.

–

Active Voice:– He will play the match.

Passive Voice:– The match will be played

–

Active Voice:– I make a cake.

Passive Voice:– A cake is made.

–

Active Voice:– He loves me.

Passive Voice:– I am loved by him.

–

Active Voice:– Michael is baking a brownie.

Passive Voice:– A brownie is being baked by Michael.

–

Active Voice:– Mark has tricked me.

Passive Voice:– I have been tricked by Mark

–

Active Voice:– I have played the game.

Passive Voice:– A game has been played by me.

–

Active Voice:– She was delivering the letters.

Passive Voice:– The letters were being delivered.

–

Active Voice:– I will make a cake.

Passive Voice:– A cake will be made.

–

Active Voice:– His grandmother looked after him.

Passive Voice:– He was looked after by his grandmother.

–

Active Voice:– She delivers the letters.

Passive Voice:– The letters are delivered.

–

Active Voice:– I made a cake.

Passive Voice:– A cake was made.

–

Active Voice:– She is delivering the letters.

Passive Voice:– The letters are being delivered.

–

Active Voice:– I had made a cake.

Passive Voice:– A cake had been made.

–

Active Voice:– I gave him a book for his birthday.

Passive Voice:– He was given a book for his birthday.

–

Active Voice:– Harry ate six shrimp at dinner.

Passive Voice:– At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry.

–

Active Voice:– Tom painted the entire house.

Passive Voice:– The entire house was painted by Tom.

–

Active Voice:– The mother is feeding the baby.

Passive Voice:– The baby is being fed by the mother.

–

Active Voice:– Mom read the novel in one day.

Passive Voice:– The novel was read by Mom in one day.

–

Active Voice:– I read an interesting novel.

Passive Voice:– An interesting novel is read.

–

Active Voice:– She will deliver the packages.

Passive Voice:– The packages will be delivered by her.

–

Active Voice:– We have published a new magazine.

Passive Voice: – A new magazine has been published.

–

Active Voice:– He is cleaning the room.

Passive Voice:– The room is being cleaned by him.

–

Active Voice:– They will have finished the project by Monday.

Passive Voice:– The project will have been finished by Monday.

–

Active Voice:– I am writing a novel.

Passive Voice:– A novel is being written by me.

–

Active Voice:– I will have made a cake by tomorrow.

Passive Voice:– A cake will have been made by tomorrow.

Active and Passive Voice Chart

Tense	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Simple Present	I eat an apple.	An apple is eaten by me.
Present Continuous	I am eating an apple.	An apple is being eaten by me.
Present Perfect	I have eaten an apple.	An apple has been eaten by me.
Present Perfect Continuous	I have been eating an apple.	An apple has been eaten by me.
Simple Past	I ate an apple.	An apple was eaten by me.
Past Continuous	I was eating an apple.	An apple was being eaten by me.
Past Perfect	I had eaten an apple.	An apple had been eaten by me.
Past Perfect Continuous	I had been eating an apple.	An apple had been eaten by me.
Simple Future	I will eat an apple.	An apple will be eaten by me.
Future Continuous	I will be eating an apple.	An apple will be eaten by me.
Future Perfect	I will have eaten an apple.	An apple will have been eaten by me.
Future Perfect Continuous	I will have been eating an apple.	An apple will have been eaten by me.

Active and Passive Voice Examples with Answers

Exercise 1: Convert the following sentences from active voice to passive voice.

John ate the pizza.

Passive: The pizza was eaten by John.

The teacher gave the students an assignment.

Passive: An assignment was given to the students by the teacher.

Someone stole my bike.

Passive: My bike was stolen by someone.

The company will release a new product next month.

Passive: A new product will be released by the company next month.

The dog chased the cat.

Passive: The cat was chased by the dog.

Exercise 2: Convert the following sentences from passive voice to active voice.

The cake was baked by Mary.

Active: Mary baked the cake.

The book was written by J.K. Rowling.

Active: J.K. Rowling wrote the book.

The car was repaired by the mechanic.

Active: The mechanic repaired the car.

The film was directed by Steven Spielberg.

Active: Steven Spielberg directed the film.

The letter was typed by Sarah.

Active: Sarah typed the letter.

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Passive Voice in English!!! This article will help you understand what the passive voice is and show you some passive voice examples.

A passive sentence consists of:

• The subject
• The verb to be in the correct tense.
• The past participle of the verb needed.
• Sometimes, the agent and/ or other complements

Form: SUBJECT + VERB + “TO BE” + PAST PARTICIPLE

Passive voice examples:

• Tom painted the entire house.

-> The entire house was painted by Tom.

• The director will give you instructions.

-> Instructions will be given to you by the director.

• I will clean the house every Saturday.

-> The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday.

• Someone killed twenty civilians in the bomb explosion.

-> Twenty civilians were killed in the bomb explosion.

• Many people know Napa Valley for its excellent wines.

-> Napa Valley is known for its excellent wines.

• He was writing a letter.

-> A letter was being written by him.

• Michael is baking a brownie.

-> A brownie is being baked by  Michael.

Active vs Passive Voice Examples

Active vs passive voice examples for different tenses in English.

Each tense has its own passive voice which is created by using a form of the auxiliary verb to be + V3 (past participle).

Present Simple

Active: I read an interesting novel.

Passive: An interesting novel is read.

Present Continuous

Active: Mother is cooking lunch in the kitchen.

Passive: Lunch is being cooked in the kitchen.

Past Simple

Active: Leonaro Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.

Passive: The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci.

Past Continuous

Active: The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.

Passive: The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.

Present Perfect

Active: Mark has tricked me.

Passive: I have been tricked by Mark

Past Perfect

Active: She had done the drawing of her mother.

Passive: The drawing of her mother had been done by her.

Future Simple

Active: The director will give you instructions.

Passive: Instructions will be given to you by the director.

Future Be Going to

Active: Their children are going to learn English.

Passive: English is going to be learned by their children.

Modals

Active: She must deliver the letters.

Passive: The letters must be delivered.

Verbs that have no object cannot be put into the passive, such as, arrive, come, die, exist, go, happen, have, live, occur sleep, …All of the rules for passive negatives and questions are the same as for the active voice.

Active vs Passive Voice for All Tenses | Infographic

Active and Passive Verb Tenses

Last Updated on June 17, 2021

Tense	Verb to be + past participle	Example
Present Simple	am/is/are + made	Chocolate is made in Switzerland. Coffee beans are dried and then roasted.
Present Continuous	am/is/are + being + arrested	I am being arrested even though I am innocent. She is being charged for perjury.
Past Simple	was/were + taken	The apples were taken last night. The kangaroo was found safe and sound..
Past Continuous	was/were + being + bullied	I was being bullied by my boss at my last job. The cart was being pulled by the horse.
Future (will)	Will be + signed	The contract will be signed next week. That will be handled by the finance department.
Future (going to)	am/is/are + going to be + sold	The houses are going to be sold by the auctioneer. I am going to be made a knight
Present Perfect	Has/Have + been + done	The photocopies have been done. All of the tickets have been sold.
Present Perfect Continuous	** Not common When you need to, use the Present perfect simple form.
Past Perfect	Had been + told	He had been told about the meeting 3 times! Everything had been sold before the fire.
Future Perfect	Will have been + finished	The wall will have been finished for over a year by 2022. The project will have been started and we will need to understand the next steps.
Can/Could	Can/could + be + arranged	Your visa can be arranged online. Your ticket can be purchased online.
Have to	Have to Has to + be + done Had to	Your homework has to be done by Friday. She has to be taken into police custody.
Must	Must + be + stopped	She must be stopped! He must be committed to his organization.

 

Exercises on the Active and Passive Voice