English word of the anglo saxon

We tend to take the words we speak for granted. In the same way that the branch of a tree divides into smaller and smaller branches, so words that we use today have derived from other earlier words. There is a whole science out there of how language developed and of the influence of early languages – such as Germanic languages, the languages spoken by the Vikings, the Saxons and the French. In addition, don’t forget that many words also have Latin roots. While the information that follows is by no means exhaustive, it will help to provide a few ideas about how place names in London came about.

In the alphabetical list of words below, examples of place names in London follow the explanation. In several cases, there are only examples that are ‘Not in London’ and some examples are provided in square brackets to complete the picture.

burh (Old English) – fortified town (modern word – borough). Hence – Borough (which is part of Southwark).

burn (Old English) – stream (also spelt ‘bourne’ today). Hence – Marylebone.

bury (Anglo Saxon) – fortified place. Not in London – Bury St Edmunds.

by (Danish) – village. These ‘by’ endings are generally places where the Vikings settled first. The ending ‘by’ has passed into English as ‘by-law’ meaning the local law of the town or village. [Not in London – Derby, Enderby, Grimsby].

caster (Saxon ‘coaster’) – original from Latin ‘castra’ meaning a camp. It came to mean a Roman fort or town. [Not in London – Chichester, Rochester, Chester, Colchester].

clop – a short hill. Hence – Clapham, Clapton.

combe (Old English) – small valley. Hence – Westcombe. [Not in London – Babbacombe].

den / dean / dene – pasture, usually for pigs. [Not in London – Tenterden].

dun (Old English) – hill (hence the modern word ‘dune’).

ey / ea (Saxon ‘eg’ – island or promontory. (It could also mean an area of dry land surrounded by marshy land).

ford (Old English) – shallow river crossing. Hence – Deptford.

ham (Old English) – village. Hence – Eltham, Hampstead.

hamm – enclosure within the bend of a river. Hence – Hammersmith.

holt (Old English) – wood.

hurst – wooded hill.

leigh / lee / ley – clearing in a wood or forest. Hence – Lee.

mer / mar / mere – lake. [Not in London – Windermere].

pen (Usually in Cornish names) – headland.

stoc / stoke (Old English) – a hamlet or little settlement which depended on a larger settlement nearby / outlying farm. The Danish word ‘thorpe’ meant the same thing.

stoc (Saxon) – a wood. Hence – Stoke Newington.

strand (Old English, originally Danish) – path beside water. Hence – Strand (a road in Westminster).

thorpe (Old Norse) – village / farmstead. Place names ending in ‘thorpe’ are connected with secondary settlement in England by the Vikings. They were settlements on the margins of a town or on poor lands. [Not in London – Scunthorpe].

thwaite – derived from a Scandinavian word, which meant clearing.

ton / tun – enclosed village / farmstead / manor. Hence – Islington.

wick / wich (Old English – originally ‘wic’) – relates to a farm / enclosure / farmstead / village. Hence – Greenwich, Woolwich, Hackney Wick.

worth (Old English) – fenced land / enclosed settlement (by a wall or wooden stakes). Hence – Walworth.

Everyday Words Derived from Old English

While on the subject of Anglo-Saxon names, here are a list of everyday words that are in common use which all owe their origins to Old English words. Old English developed into Middle English, then Early Modern English and then into the Modern English we speak today. English words from Anglo-Saxon tend to be short (either one or two syllables).
They relate to topics such as the human body, animals, farming, the weather, family relationships, colours, landscape features, and human activities such as cooking, eating, sewing, hunting and carpentry. A typical list is given below.

A – abide, above, ale, alive, apple, awake, axe

B – back, bath, bed, bird, blood, body, brother

C – can, carve, chicken, child, clean, cold, cup

D – daft, daughter, dead, deer, door, drink, dusk

E – each, ear, elbow, end, evening, evil, eye

F – fair, fall, feather, find, fish, fox, friend

G – game, gate, god, gold, good, ground, green

H – hammer, harbour, hand, high, honey, house, husband

I – I, ice, if, in, island, it, itch

K – keen, keep, kind, king, kiss, knife, knot

L – ladle, land, laugh, lip, listen, long, love

M – make, man, marsh, meadow, milk, moon, mouth

N – nail, name, needle, nest, night, now, nut

O – oak, of, on, old, open, orchard, owl

P – path, pin, pipe, plant, plough, poppy, pretty

Q – queen, quick

R – rag, rain, rat, read, ride, right, rock

S – say, see, send, shadow, sheep, sister, sword

T – take, thank, thimble, thirst, thumb, today, tomorrow

U – udder, under, up, us

V – vat

W – wag, wake, walk, west, winter, woman, wrong

Y – yard, yarn, yawn, year, yes, yolk, you, young

-ENDS-

This is a list of English words inherited and derived directly from the Old English stage of the language. This list also includes neologisms formed from Old English roots and/or particles in later forms of English, and words borrowed into other languages (e.g. French, Anglo-French, etc.) then borrowed back into English (e.g. bateau, chiffon, gourmet, nordic, etc.). Foreign words borrowed into Old English from Old Norse, Latin, and Greek are excluded, as are words borrowed into English from Ancient British languages.

AEdit

BEdit

CEdit

DEdit

EEdit

FEdit

GEdit

HEdit

IEdit

JEdit

KEdit

LEdit

MEdit

NEdit

OEdit

PEdit

• paddock
• pathfinder
• peak
• pick
• pig
• pinfold
• pillow
• pitfall
• plight
• puff

QEdit

REdit

SEdit

TEdit

UEdit

VEdit

• vane
• vat
• vixen

WEdit

XEdit

Xhenl
xhone
xex

YEdit

ZEdit

• zax

NotesEdit

ReferencesEdit

• Online Etymology Dictionary. [1]
• Dictionary.com. [2]

See alsoEdit

• Lists of English loanwords by country or language of origin
• List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English
• Linguistic purism in English

Это список английских слов местного происхождения, другими словами, слов, унаследованных и полученных непосредственно от англосаксонской , или древнеанглийской , стадии языка. Этот список также включает неологизмы, образованные из англосаксонских корней и / или частиц в более поздних формах английского языка, и слова, заимствованные из других языков (например, французский, англо-французский и т. Д.), А затем заимствованные обратно в английский (например, bateau , chiffon , gourmet , нордик и т. д. ). Иностранные слова, заимствованные в древнеанглийский язык из древнескандинавского , латинского и греческого языков , исключаются, как и слова, заимствованные в английский язык из древнебританских языков .

А

B

C

D

E

F

грамм

ЧАС

я

J

K

L

M

N

О

п

• загон
• следопыт
• пик
• выбирать
• свинья
• складка
• подушка
• ловушка
• тяжелое положение
• затяжка

Q

р

S

Т

U

V

• флюгер
• НДС
• лисица

W

Икс

Xhenl xhone xex

Y

Z

• Zax

Примечания

использованная литература

• Интернет-словарь этимологии. [1]
• Dictionary.com. [2]

Смотрите также

• Списки английских заимствований по стране или языку происхождения
• Список германских и латинских эквивалентов на английском языке
• Лингвистический пуризм в английском языке