English word from latin origin - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

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This is a list of English words derived from Latin words, including Latin nouns, verbs and adjectives. The list is organized by Latin words.

Contents:	A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T U V

A[edit]

acere, aceo «to be sour» acid, acidic
acervus «heap» acerval, acervate, coacervate, coacervation
aemulus «striving to equal or excel» emulous, emulate, emulation, emulator
aequus «even, equal» adequacy, adequate, egalitarian, egalitarianism, equal, equalitarian, equalitarianism, equality, equalize, equalizer, equanimity, equate, equation, equator, equatorial, equidistant, equilibrium, equinox, equitable, equity, equivalence, equivalent, equivocation, equivocal, inadequacy, inadequate, inequitable, inequality, inequation, unequal, unequivocal
aestimare «to value, rate, weigh, estimate» esteem, estimable, estimate, estimation, estimator, overestimate, underestimate
aevum, aevī «age, lifetime, generation» coeval, eternal, eternity, longevity, longevous, medieval, primeval
ager, agrī «(arable) land, (tilled) field» agrarian, agriculture, peregrine, pilgrim
agere, ago «to do, act» act, action, actionable, active, activity, actor, actual, actualism, actuarial, actuary, actuate, actuation, actuator, agency, agenda, agent, agile, agility, agitate, agitation, allegation, allege, ambage, ambiguous, assay, cache, coagulation, cogency, cogent, essay, exact, exacta, examination, exigent, exiguous, fumigation, fustigate, interact, interaction, interactive, intransigent, levigate, litigate, navigate, navigation, navigator, objurgate, prodigal, prodigy, reaction, reactivation, reactivate, reactive, reactiveness, reactivity, reactor, redaction, retroactive, squat, transact, transaction, transactional, variegate, variegation
alere, alo «to grow» (from here «altus») altar, altitude, altitudinous, enhance, enhancement, exalt, exaltation
alius «other» abalienate, abalienation, alien, alienage, alienate, alienation
alter «other» alter, alterable, alterate, alteration, altern, alternate, alternation, alternative, alternator, altruism, altruist, altruistic
alvus «the belly» alveolar, alveolate, alveolus, alveus
ambulare, ambulo «to walk, go about» amble, ambulance, ambulant, ambulate, ambulator, ambulatory, funambulist, perambulate, perambulation, perambulator, preamble, somnambulist, somnambulate, somnambulistic
amicus «friend» amiable, amicable, amity, amicus
angere «to cause pain, choke, distress, trouble» anguish, anxiety, anxious
angulus «corner» angle, angular, angulate, angulation, pentangle, quadrangle, rectangle, rectangular, triangle, triangulate, triangulation
annus, annī «year, season, age» annals, annual, annuity, anniversary, biennium, decennium, millennium, perennial, quadrennium, quindecennial, quinquennium, septennial, sexennial, superannuated, triennium, vicennial
ante «before» advance, advancement, advantage, advantageable, advantageous, A.M., ante-, antecedent, disadvantage, disadvantageous, vantage
apere, apo «to fasten, to join, to fit» adapt, adaptable, adaptability, adaptation, adaptational, adaptationism, adaptationist, adaptative, adapter, adaptive, adaptorial, apt, aptitude, attitude, attitudinal, exaptation, inept, ineptitude
arbiter «witness» arbit, arbiter, arbitrable, arbitrage, arbitrary, arbitrate, arbitration, arbitrator
arbor «tree» arbor, arboreal, arboretum, arboricide, arboricity, arborize, arborization, arborvitae
arguere, arguo «to declare, show, prove, make clear, reprove, accuse» arguable, argue, arguer, argument, argumentation, argumentative
ars «skill» art, artful, artifact, artifice, artificer, artificial, artificiality, artisan, artist, artiste, artistic, artless, artsy, inert, inertia, inertial
articulus «a joint, limb, member, part, division, etc.» article, articulate, articulation
astus «craft» astute, astuteness
audere, audeo «to dare» audacious, audaciousness, audacity
audire, audio «to hear» audible, audience, audile, audio, audit, audition, auditor, auditorium, auditory, oyez, obey, subaudition
augere, augeo «to increase, augment» auction, auctioneer, augend, augment, augmentation, author, authority, authorization, authorize, auxiliary
augur «an augur, a reader of omens» augur, augural, augury, inaugural, inaugurate, inauguration, inaugurator, inauguratory
auscultare, ausculto «to listen» auscultate, auscultation, scout

B[edit]

basis «pedestal, foot, base; etc.» (from Ancient Greek) basal, base, basis
bini «two by two» combination, combinatory, combinatorics, combine, recombinant, recombinase, recombination, recombine
bonus «good» bonafide, bonus, bountiful, bounty, boon
bōs, bovis «cow» beef, bovine, bugle
brevis «short» abbreviate, abbreviation, abbreviator, abridge, abridgment, brevet, breviary, brief, briefing, brevity, unabridged

C[edit]

caballus «horse» cavalcade, cavalier, cavalry, chevalier, chivalrous, chivalry
cadere, cado «to fall» accident, accidental, incidence, incident, coincide, coincidence, cadence, casual, casualty, chance, cheat, decadence, decay, deciduous, occasion, occasional, occident
caedere, caedo «to cut» abscise, abscision, concise, decidable, decidability, decide, decision, decisive, imprecise, imprecision, incide, incise, incision, incisor, precise, precision
caelum «sky» celestial
calculus «a pebble» (> calculare) calculate, calculation, calculator, calculus, miscalculate, miscalculation, overcalculate, recalculate, recalculation
calx «limestone, lime, chalk» calcite, calcium, chalk
camera «chamber» camera, chamber, chamberlain, chambermaid, camaraderie, comrade, comradeliness, comradery, comradeship
cancer «a crab; a tumor, cancer; lattice, grid, or barrier» cancel, cancellation, cancer, chancel, chancellery, chancellor, chancery
canere, canto «to sing» cantor, chant, recant, recanter, recantation
canis, canis «dog» canaille, canary, canicular, canine, chenille, kennel
capanna «cabin, hut» cabana, cabin, cabinet
capere, capio «to take» accept, acceptable, acceptability, acceptance, apperceive, apperception, apperceptive, capable, capability, capacious, capacitate, capacity, capacitance, capacitation, capacitor, capture, conceit, conceive, concept, conception, deceit, deceive, deception, except, exception, exceptional, incapacitate, inception, incipient, intercept, interception, occupy, perceive, perception, perceptive, precept, receipt, receive, receptacle, reception, receptionist, recipient
capsa, capsae «container, holder, box, case» acapsular, case, cash, cashier, capsaicin, capsicum, capsular, capsulate, capsule, encase, encapsulate, encapsulation
caput «head» chapter, chapiter, capital, capitalism, captain, capitulate, capitulation
caro «flesh» carnal, carnality, carnalize, carnassial, carnival, carnivore, incarnadine, incarnate, incarnation, reincarnate, reincarnation
carpere, carpo «to pluck» carpet, excerpt
castrum «fort» castle, château, chatelaine
cathedra «chair, throne» cathedra, cathedral, chair
caudex «tree trunk» code, codec, coder, codex, codification, codifier, codify, decode, decoder, decoding, encode, encoder, encoding, recode, re-encode, transcode, transcoder
causa «cause, reason, account, lawsuit» accusable, accusation, accusative, accusatory, accuse, accuser, causal, causality, causation, causative, cause, excusable, excuse, recuse
cavus «hollow» cave, cavity, concave, excavate, excavation, excavator
cedere, cedo «to go» abscess, accede, accedence, access, accessory, accessibility, accessible, accession, ancestor, ancestry, antecedent, cease, cede, cessation, concede, concession, decease, decede, exceed, excess, excessive, intercede, intercession, precede, precedence, precedent, predecessor, procedure, proceed, process, recede, recession, recessionary, succeed, success, succession, successive, successor, unprecedented
celer «quick» accelerate, acceleration, accelerator, celerity
cella, cellae «storeroom, silo, small room, poor man’s apartment» cell, cella, cellar, cellarer, rathskeller
censere, censeo «to tax, assess, value, judge, consider, etc.» censor, censorial, censorious, censorship, censure, census, recension
centrum «center» center, central, centrality, centralization, centralize, centrifugal, centrifuge, centripetal, concentrate, concentration, concentric, decentralization, decentralize, egocentric, epicenter, excentric
centum «a hundred» cent, centennial, centipede, centum, century, centurion
cernere, cerno «to separate, perceive, decide» certain, concern, crime, criminal, decree, discern, discernible, discernment, discreet, discrete, discretion, discretionary, discriminant, discriminate, discrimination, discriminative, excrement, excreta, excrescent, excrete, excretion, excretory, indiscernible, secret, secretary, secretion, secretive, secretory
charta «papyrus, paper» card, cartographer, cartography, cartoon, cartouche, chart, charter
ciere, cieo «to call, summon» accite, cite, citation, excite, excitement, excitation, excitatory, incite, incitement, recital, recitation, recitative, recite
circus «ring, circle» (> circulus) circle, circular, circularity, circulate, circulation, circumference, circumstance, circus
cīvis, cīvis «citizen» citizen, citizenry, city, civic, civil, civility, civilization, civilize
classis, classis «fleet of ships, class of citizens, band, group» class, classic, classical, classism
clarus «clear, bright, brilliant» chiaroscuro, claret, clarification, clarify, clarity, clear, declaration, declarative, declaratory, declare, declarer
claudere, claudo «to shut» clause, claustrophobic, cloister, close, closure, conclude, conclusion, conclusive, include, inclusion, inclusive, exclusion, exclude, exclusive, occlude, occluder, occlusion, occlusive, preclude, preclusion, seclude, seclusion, seclusive, reclude, recluse, reclusion
colere, colo «to till, cultivate, worship» agriculture, colonial, colonialism, colonization, colonize, colonist, colony, cult, cultic, cultist, cultivar, cultivate, cultivation, cultural, culture, cyberculture, horticulture, monoculture, occult, occultation, occultism, occultist, subculture
comminisci, comminiscor «to devise, contrive, invent» comment, commentary, commentator, commenter, uncomment
communis «common, general, universal» common, commonality, communal, communicate, communication, communicator, communicative, commune, communion, communism, communist, community
cor, cordis «heart, mind judgment, dear friend» accord, accordance, concord, concordance, cordate, cordial, cordiality, cordiform, courage, courageous, discord, discordant, discourage, discouragement, encourage, encouragement, misericord, quarry, record, recorder
corona «garland, chaplet or wreath» corona, coronary, coronal, coronate, coronation, coronet, crown
cornū, cornūs «horn, drinking vessel, funnel, trumpet, arm (of a lake) » bicornuate, Capricorn, corn, cornea, corneous, corner, cornet, cornicopia, corniculate, cornification, cornu, lamellicorn, longicorn, tricorn, unicorn
cras, crastinus «tomorrow» procrastinate
creare, creo «to make, create» create, creation, creationism, creationist, creative, creativity, creativeness, creator, creature, recreate, recreation, recreational
credere, credo «to lend, loan, believe, trust, accept as true» credence, credential, credibility, credible, credit, creditable, creditor, credo, credulous, creed, grant, incredible, incredulous, miscreant, recreant
cremare, cremo «to burn to ashes» cremate, cremation, crematorium, crematory
crepare, crepo «to rattle, rustle, clatter; etc.» crepitant, crepitate, crepitation, decrepit, decrepitude, discrepancy, discrepant
crescere, cresco «to grow» accresce, accrescence, accrescent, accrete, accretion, accretive, accrue, concrete, increase, decrease, crescence, crescendo, crescent, crescentic, crew
criterion, criterium «a test, a means of judging» criterion
criticus «capable of judging» (from Greek) critic, critical, criticize, criticism, critique
crūx, crūcis «cross, crucifix, torment, tormentor» cross, crucial, cruciate, crucifer, crucifixion, cruciform, crucify, cruise, cruiser, crusade, crusader crux, excruciate
culpa «guilt» culpability, culpable, culprit, exculpate, exculpation, exculpatory, felix culpa
cumulus «heap» accumulate, accumulation, accumulator, cumulus
cura «care» accuracy, accurate, curable, curate, curation, curator, curative, cure, curio, curious, curiosity, inaccuracy, inaccurate, incurable, insecure, insecurity, proctor, proctorial, proctorship, procurator, procure, procurement, procurer, procuress, secure, securitization, securitize, security
currere, curro «to run (hard, over), traverse, pass, skim over» concourse, concur, concurrency, concurrent, corral, corrida, corrido, corridor, corsair, courante, courier, course, current, currency, cursive, cursor, cursory, curule, decurrent, discourse, excursion, hussar, incur, intercourse, kraal, occur, occurrence, percurrent, precursor, recourse, recur, recurrence, recurrent, recursion, recursive, recursiveness, recursivity, succor
curvus «bent, crooked, curved» curb, curvaceous, curvature, curve, curvy

D[edit]

damnum «loss» condemn, condemnable, condemnation, damage, damn, damnable, damnation, damnify, indemnify, indemnity
dare, do «to give» betray, betrayal, betrayer, date, dative, datum, tradition, traditional, traitor, traitorous, treason, treasonable
dens «tooth» dental, dentist, dentistry, denture, indent, indentation, outdent, trident, unindent
desiderare, desidero «to desire» desiderate, desirable, desire, desirous
deterior «worse» deteriorate, deterioration
diēs, diēī «day, time, period, space of time» adjourn, adjournment, circadian, dial, diary, diet, dismal, diurnal, du jour, journal, journey, meridian, postmeridian, quotidian, sojourn
dicere, dico «to say, tell, declare, name» addict, addiction, benediction, condition, conditional, contradict, contradiction, dedicate, dedication, dictate, diction, dictionary, dictum, ditto, ditty, edict, fatidic, herb bennet, indict, indiction, indite, interdict, juridical, jurisdiction, maledict, malediction, malison, predicable, predicament, predicate, predicative, predict, predictable, prediction, predictive, predictor, valediction, verdict, veridical, verdictive, voir dire
dividere, divido «to divide» dividable, divide, dividend, divider, dividual, dividuous, divisibility, divisible, division, divisor, device, devise, individual, individualism, individualist, individuality, individualize, indivisibility, indivisible
divus «a god» divination, divine, diviner, divinity
docere, doceo «to teach» docent, docile, doctor, doctorate, doctrinaire, doctrinal, doctrine, document, documentary, indoctrinate
dolere, doleo «to hurt, suffer, feel pain» condolence, dolent, indolence, indolency, indolent
dolor «pain» dolor, dolorous
domina, dominae «mistress of the house, lady, owner, sweetheart, wife» derivatives at dominus
dominus «owner, proprietor, master, ruler, lord» belladonna, dame, Dan, danger, Dom, domain, dominate, dominical, dominie, dominion, domino, domino, don, Donna, duende, dungeon, madam, Madame, Mademoiselle, madonna, predominate
domus «a farmstead with its people, plants and animals» dome, domestic, domicile, majordomo
dormire, dormio «to sleep» dorm, dormancy, dormant, dormition, dormitive, dormitory
ducere, duco «to lead, bring» abduce, abduction, adduce, adducible, adduction, adductive, adductor, conduce, conduct, conducive, conduction, conductor, deduce, deducible, deduct, deduction, deductive, duct, ductile, duction, induce, inductor, induction, inductive, introduce, introduction, introductory, produce, product, producer, production, productive, productiveness, reduce, reducibility, reducible, reductant, reduction, seduce, seducement, seducer, seduction, seductive, seductress, transduce, transduction

E[edit]

emere, emo «to buy» ademption, ensample, example, exemplar, exemplary, exemplification, exemplify, exemplum, exempt, exemption, impromptu, peremptory, preempt, preemption, preemptive, preemptor, preemptory, premium, prompt, pronto, ransom, redeem, redemption, sample, vintage
equus, equi «horse» equine, equestrian, equitation
errare, erro «to wander, stray, err, mistake» aberr, aberrance, aberrant, aberrate, aberration, aberrational, err, erratic, erratum, erroneous, error
esse, sum «to be» absence, absent, absenteeism, essence, essential, essentialism, presence, present, presentation, quintessential
examen «the tongue of a balance, a weighing» (> examinare) exam, examination, examine, examinee, examiner
excellere, excello «to raise, elevate» excel, excellence, excellent, excelsior
expedire, expedio «to bring forward, dispatch, expedite» expede, expedience, expediency, expedient, expedite, expedition

F[edit]

faber «a workman» fabric, fabricate, fabrication, forge, forger, forgery, reforge
facere, facio «to make» affect, affectation, affective, affection, affectionate, affecter, defect, defective, defection, defector, deficiency, deficient, deficit, effect, effectiveness, effectivity, effector, effectual, effectuate, efficacious, efficacity, efficacy, efficiency, efficient, facile, facility, facilitate, fact, factor, factorization, faction, factoid, factorial, factory, factual, fashion, fashionable, -fy, infect, infection, infectious, prefect
fallere, fallo «to deceive» (> falsus) fail, failure, fallacy, fallacious, fallibilist, fallibilism, fallibility, fallible, false, falsifiable, falsification, falsificator, falsifier, falsify, falsity
familia «the servants in a household» (from famulus) family, familiar, familiarity, familiarize
fateri, fateor «to confess, acknowledge» confess, confession, confessional, confessor, profess, profession, professional, professor
favere, faveo «to be well disposed or inclined toward, favor» favor, favorability, favorable, favorite, favoritism, unfavorable, unfavorite
femina, feminae «female, woman» effeminate, female, feme, feminine, femme, femme fatale
fendere, fendo «to strike» defend, defender, defense, defensive, fence, fend, offend, offense, offensive
ferre, fero «to bear, place» afferent, circumference, confer, conference, defer, deference, differ, different, differentiate, efferent, fertile, infer, inference, offer, prefer, preference, preferential, proffer, relatable, relate, relative, relation, relativeness, relativist, relativism, relativity, refer, reference, referent, suffer, transfer, vociferous
ferus «wild, savage» ferity, ferocious, ferocity, fierce
fibra «fiber, filament» defibrillate, defibrillation, fibre, fibril, fibrillar, fibrillate, fibrillation, fibrous
fidere, fido «to trust» confidant, confide, confidence, confident, confidential, defiance, defiant, defy, diffidence, diffident, faith, faithful, faithless, fidelitous, fidelity, infidel, infidelity, nullifidian, solifidian
fingere, fingo «to make, form, feign» configure, configuration, faint, feign, feint, fiction, fictional, fictitious, figment, figure, figurative, figurine, prefigure
finis «limit, end» final, finale, finalist, finalize, finalization, finish, finitary, finite, finiteness, infinite, infinitesimal, infinity, transfinite, unfinished
firmus «firm» affirm, affirmation, affirmative, confirm, confirmation, confirmative, firm, firmness, infirm, infirmity
fiscus «basket, purse, chest, treasury» confiscate, fiscal
flectere, flecto «to bend, bow, curve, turn around» deflect, deflection, deflective, fletch, fletcher, flex, flexible, flexibility, inflect, inflection, inflexion, reflect, reflective, reflectivity, reflex, reflexion, reflexive, reflexivity
fligere «to strike» afflict, conflict, inflict
flōs, flōris «flower, bud, blossom, best of (something)» cauliflower, deflower, effloresce, enfleurage, ferret, flora, Flora, floral, floret, floriated, florid, florigen, florin, florist, –florous, flour, flourish, flower, millefleur
fluere, fluo «to flow, stream, pour» affluence, affluent, confluence, confluent, conflux, effluence, effluent, effluvium, efflux, effluxion, fluctuate, fluctuation, fluency, fluent, fluid, flux, influence, influx, refluent, reflux
focus, focī «fireplace, hearth» focal, focus
fōns, fontis «spring, fountain, source, origin» font, fountain
forma, formae «form, shape, figure, beauty» (> formare) conform, conformance, conformity, deform, deformation, deformity, form, formal, formality, formalize, formalization, formalism, format, formation, formative, formula, formulaic, formulate, formulation, formulary, inform, information, informant, informer, reform, reformation, reformer, transform, transformation, transformer
fortis «strong, powerful» enforce, enforcement, force, forceful, forcefulness, fort, fortify, fortification, fortress
fortuitus «happening by chance» fortuitous, fortuity
fortuna «fortune, luck» fortunate, fortune, unfortunate
frangere, frango «to break» anfractuous, chamfer, defray, diffraction, fractal, fraction, fractional, fractious, fracture, fragile, fragility, fragment, frail, frailty, frangible, infrangible, infringe, irrefrangible, refract, refraction, refractive, refrain, sassafras, saxifrage
fraus «a cheating, fraud; delusion, error» defraud, defraudation, defrauder, fraud, fraudster, fraudulence, fraudulent
frequens «frequent, crowded» frequency, frequent, frequentative, infrequent
frons, frontis «forehead, brow, front (of something)» affront, confront, confrontation, effrontery, front, frontal, frontispiece
fugere, fugio «to flee» centrifuge, fugitive, refuge, refugee, refugeehood, refugium, subterfuge
fumare «smoke» fume, fumigate, fumigation, perfume
fundere, fundo «to pour out, shed» confound, confuse, confusion, diffuse, diffusion, effuse, effusive, infuse, infusion, found, fuse, fusion, profuse,profusion, refund, refuse, transfuse, transfusion
fundus «bottom, base, foundation» (> fundare) found, foundation, fund, fundamental, fundament, profound, profundity
fungi, fungor «to perform or execute» dysfunction, dysfunctional, function, functional, functionalist, functionalism, functor, fungible, malfunction
fuscus «dark» obfuscate, subfusc

G[edit]

gaudere, gaudeo «to rejoice» enjoy, enjoyable, enjoyment, gaud, gaudy, joy, joyful, rejoice, unenjoyable
genus «a kind, race, family» gender, general, generalize, generalization, generality, generate, generation, genus, generic
gerere, gero «to bear, carry, refl. bear oneself, behave, act» congest, congestion, decongestant, digest, digestion, digestive, gerund, gerundive, gesticulate, gesticulation, gesticulative, gestural, gesture, indigestion, ingest, ingestion, preregister, preregistration, register, registrar, registration, registry, suggest, suggestion, suggestive
gignere, gigno «to beget, produce» engine, engineer, genital, genitive, genius, genial, ingenious, ingeniosity
globus «globe» global, globalism, globalist, globalization, globalize, globe, globose, globous, globular, globule, globulin, hemoglobin
glomus «ball» agglomerate, agglomeration, conglomerate, conglomeration
gradi, gradior «to walk, go» (> gradus) aggress, aggression, aggressive, aggressiveness, aggressor, congress, degree, egress, egression, gradable, gradation, grade, gradient, gradual, graduality, graduate, graduation, ingredient, ingress, postgraduate, progress, progressive, progression, regress, regressive, regression, transgress, transgression, transgressive, transgressor, undergraduate
granum «grain» coarse-grained, fine-grained, grosgrain, grain, granary, granular, granularity, granulate, granulation, granum
gravis «heavy» aggravate, aggravation, aggrieve, grave, graveness, gravid, gravidity, gravitation, gravity, grief, grievance, grievant, grieve, grievous
grex «flock, herd, drove, swarm» aggregate, aggregation, congregate, congregation, gregarious
gurges «a raging abyss, whirlpool» ingurgitate, ingurgitation, regurgitate, regurgitation

H[edit]

habere, habeo «to have, hold» able, cohabit, exhibit, exhibition, exhibitor, habile, habit, habitable, habitant, habitat, habituation, inhabit, inhabitable, inhabitant, inhibit, inhibitory, malady, prohibit, prohibition, prohibitive
haerere, haereo «stick, cleave, adhere» adhere, adherent, cohere, coherence, coherent, hesitant, hesitate, hesitation, inhere, inherence, inherent
halare, halo «to breathe» exhale, exhalation, inhale, inhaler, inhalation
homō, hominis «human being, man, person, humankind» bonhomie, bonhomous, homage, hombre, homicide, hominid, homo, homunculus, human, humane, humanist, humanistic, humanism, humanity, humanitarian, humanitarianism, inhuman, inhumane, ombre
hospes «host, guest» hospitable, hospital, hospitality, host, hostel, hosteler, hostelry, hostess, hostler, hotel, hotelier
horrere, horreo «to stand on end, shiver» horrendous, horrid, horrific, horrify, horrible, horror, ordure

I[edit]

iacere, iacio «to throw» abject, abjectness, inject, injection, interjection, introject, introjection, object, objective, objection, objectionable, objectivism, objectivist, project, projectile, projection, projective, reject, rejection, rejective, subject, subjection, subjective, subjectivism, subjectivist, surjection, surjective
imago «a copy, likeness, image» image, imagery, imaginable, imaginary, imagination, imaginative, imagine
initium «beginning» initiate, initial
imitari «to copy, portray, imitate» imitate, imitation, imitator, imitative
insula «island» insular, insulate, insulator, insulation, isolatable, isolate, isolated, isolating, isolation, isolationism, isolative, isolator, peninsula, peninsulate
ire, eo «to go» commence, commencement, initial, initialism, initialization, initialize, initiate, initiation, initiative
iterum «again» iterate, iteration, iterative, iterator, reiterate, reiteration, reiterative, reiterator
iudex «judge» (from ius) judicial, judicious, judge, judgement, judgemental
iugum «yoke» abjugate, conjugal, conjugate, conjugation, jugal, jugular, subjugal, subjugate, subjugation
iungere, iungo «to join, yoke» conjoin, conjunction, disjoin, disjunction, interjoin, interjunction, join, junction, juncture
ius, iuris «law» abjure, adjure, conjure, injury, jural, juridical, jurisconsult, jurisdiction, jurisprudence, jurist, jury, just, justice, nonjuror, objurgate, perjure
iuvare, iuvo «to help» adjutant, adjutor, adjutory, adjutrix, adjuvant, aid, aidance, aidant, aide

L[edit]

labi, labor «to slip» collapse, elapse, illapse, labile, lability, lapse, relapse
labor «labor, toil, work, exertion» belabor, collaborate, collaboration, collaborative, elaborate, elaboration, labor, laborer, laborious, laboratory
lacere, lacio «to allure, entice» delectable, delicacy, delicate, delicatessen, delicious, delight, delightful, dilettante
languere, langueo «to be faint, weak» languid, languish, languor, languorous
latus «broad, wide» latifundium, latitude, latitudinal, latitudinarian
latus «side» lateral, bilateral, collateral, collateralizable, collateralization, collateralize, equilateral, quadrilateral, trilateral, unilateral
laus «praise, glory, fame, reknown» laud, laudable, laudability, laudative, laudator, laudatory
lavare, lavo «to wash» launder, laundry, lavatory, lave, lavish, lotion
laxus «wide, roomy, loose» lax, laxity, relax, relaxation
legere, lego «to gather, select; to read» coil, collect, collection, collective, diligence, diligent, intellect, intellectual, intellectualism, intelligence, intelligent, intelligibility, intelligible, lection, lecture, lecture, legend, legendary, legibility, legible, legion, lesson, neglect, neglectful, negligée, negligence, negligent, negligible
levis «light» alleviate, alleviation, alleviator, elevate, elevation, elevator, levant, lever, leviate, levitation, levity, levy, relevant, relief, relieve
lēx, lēgis «law, motion, bill, statute, rule» illegitimate, legal, legislate, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislature, legist, legit, legitimate, lex, loyal, privilege
liber «free» liberal, liberalism, liberate, liberation, libertarian, libertarianism, libertine, liberty
liber «book» libel, librarian, library
libra «pound, balance» deliberate, deliberation, equilibrium, librate, libration
licere, licet «to be allowed, be allowable» illicit, illicitness, licence, license, licensee, licensor
ligare, ligo «to tie, bind» alliance, alloy, ally, disoblige, lien, league, ligament, ligamental, ligation, ligature, obbligato, obligate, obligation, obligational, obligator, obligatory, oblige, obligee, obliger, obligor
limen «threshold» preliminary
limes «cross-path, boundary, border, limit» delimit, limit, limitation
lingua «tongue, speech, language» language, linguist, linguistic, linguistics, lingua franca
linquere, linquo «to leave» delict, delinquency, delinquent, derelict, relic, relict, relinquish, reliquary
līnum «flax, linen, thread» align, crinoline, leno, line, line, lineage, linen, lingerie, linnet, linseed, lint
liquere «to be liquid, be fluid» liquid, liquidate, liquidation, liquidity, liquidizer, liquor, liquefiable, liquefy
littera «letter of the alphabet» illiteracy, illiterate, literal, literalness, literacy, literary, literate, literature, obliterate, obliteration, transliterable, transliterate, transliteration, transliterator
locus, locī «place, site, spot» allocate, allocation, dislocate, dislocation, local, locality, localization, localize, locate, location, locative, locator, relocate, relocation
longus «long» longevity, longevous, longitude, longitudinal, oblong, prolong, prolongation
loqui, loquor «to speak» colloquial, colloquialism, colloquium, eloquence, eloquent, grandiloquence, grandiloquent, illocution, interlocutor, locution, loquacious, loquaciousness, loquacity, magniloquence, magniloquent, perlocution
lucere, luco «to shine» (> lustrum) elucidate, illustrate, illustration, illustrious, lucent, lucid, lucidity, luster, pellucid, relucent, translucent
luctari, luctor «to struggle» obluctation, reluctance, reluctant, ineluctable
ludere, ludo «to play, mimic, deceive» allude, allusion, collude, collusion, delude, delusion, elude, elusive, illusion, interlude, ludic, ludicrous, prelude, prolusion
luere «to wash» diluent, dilutant, dilute, dilution, diluvium
lugere, lugeo «to mourn, grieve, lament» lugubrious
lumen «light» abluminal, adluminal, intraluminal, lumen, luminal, luminescence, luminescent, luminous, luminosity, illuminate, illumination, luminary, luminate, phillumenist, phillumeny
luna, lunae «moon, month, night, crescent» cislunar, Luna, lunar, lunate, lunatic, lune, lunula, mezzaluna, sublunar, sublunary, translunar
lupus, lupī «wolf» lobo, loup-garou, lupine, lupus, robalo
lux «light»
luxus «entravagance, excess» luxurious, luxury

M[edit]

machina «a machine, engine, contrivance, device, stratagem, trick» (from Greek) deus ex machina, machinate, machination, machine, machinery, mechanic, mechanical, mechanism, mechanistic, machinate, machination
magnus «great» magnanimous, magnate, magnificence, magnificent, magnify, magnitude
malleus «hammer, mallet» malleable, malleability, malleate, mallet, malleus
malus «bad» mal-, malady, malediction, malefaction, malefactor, malevolent, malice, malicious, malign, malignant
mandare, mando «to commit, intrust, enjoin» command, commandeer, commander, commandment, commend, commendable, mandate, mandator, mandatory, recommend, recommendable, recommendation, recommender
manere, maneo «to stay, remain» immanence, immanent, manor, manse, mansion, ménage, permanency, permanent, remain, remainder, remanence
manus «hand» emancipate, manage, manager, managerial, manual, manufacture, manuscript
mare, maris «sea, saltwater» Beche-de-mer, cormorant, maar, mare, mariculture, marinara, marinate, marine, Marines, maritime, ormer, submarine, ultramarine
mas «male» emasculate, emasculation, emasculator, emasculatory, male, masculine, masculinity
māter, mātris «mother» alma mater, madrepore, mater, maternal, maternity, matriculation, matrimony, matrix, matron
mederi, medeor «to heal» medic, medical, medicament, medicate, medicinal, medicine, premedication, remedy
medius «middle» immediate, immediacy, intermediate, mean, medial, median, mediate, mediation, mediator, median, mediocre, mediocrity, medium
melior «better» ameliorate, amelioration, meliorate
membrum «limb» dismember, dismemberment, member, membership
memor «mindful, remembering» commemorate, commemoration, commemorative, countermemo, immemorial, memo, memoir, memoization, memoize, memorable, memorandum, memorate, memorization, memorize, memory, memorial, remember, remembrance, rememberer
mens «the mind» mental, mentalese, mentalism, mentalist, mentality
merere, mereo «to earn, deserve, merit, obtain» demerit, merit, meritorious, meritocracy
mergere «to dive, dip, immerse, sink in» emerge, emergent, emergence, emergency, immerse, immersion, immersive, merge, submerge, submersion
merx «merchandise» commerce, commercial, commercialism, commercialize, market, marketable, marketeer, marketing, mart, mercantile, mercantilism, merchandise, merchant, merchantable, mercenary, mercy
minium «red lead» miniature, miniaturization, miniaturize
minor «lesser, smaller» minor, minority, minus, minuscule
minuere, minuo «to make smaller» diminish, diminutive, minute, minutia
miser «wretched, unfortunate» miser, miserable, miserablism, miserablist, miserliness, miserly, misery
mitis «soft» mitigant, mitigate, mitigation, unmitigated
mittere, mitto «to send» admission, admit, commission, commit, commitment, compromise, demit, demise, demiss, demission, dismiss, dismission, emit, emission, intermission, intermit, intermittent, mess, message, messenger, mission, missionary, missile, missive, permit, permission, permissive, promise, reemission, reemit, remissible, remission, remit, remittance, remittent, remitter, submit, submission, submissive, transmit, transmission
modus, modī «measure, size, limit, manner, harmony, melody» accomodate, accommodation, commode, commodious, commodity, modal, modality, mode, model, modern, modernism, modicum, modifier, modify, modular, modularity, modulate, modulation, modulator, module, modulus, mold, mood, moulage, postmodern, postmodernism
monere, moneo «to warn, admonish, remind» (> monstrare) admonish, admonition, admonitory, demonstrable, demonstrate, demonstration, monish, monition, monitor, monument, monster, muster, premonition, remonstrate, remonstration, summon
mora «delay, duration of time» moratorium, moraic, monomoraic, mora, bimoraic, commorancy, commorant, commorance, moratory
morbus «disease» comorbidity, morbilli, morbid, morbidity, morbidness, morbific
mors «death» amortization, amortize, immortal, immortality, mortal, mortality, mortification, mortify
movere, moveo «to move» amotion, amove, commotion, commutation, commutative, commute, demote, demotivate, demotivation, emotion, emotional, emotive, immutable, immutability, mob, mobile, mobility, mobilize, mobilization, moment, motile, motion, motivation, motivate, motive, motor, move, movement, mutable, mutability, mutant, mutate, mutation, permutation, permute, promote, promotion, removal, remove, transmutable, transmutant, transmutation, transmute
mulgere, mulgeo «to milk» emulsify, emulsion
munire «to defend» ammo, ammunition, munition
munus «service; obligation» munificence, munificent, municipal, municipality, remunerable, remunerate, remuneration
mus «mouse» muscle, muscular, muscularity, musculature, musculocutaneous, musculophrenic, musculospiral, musophobia, mussel
musca «a fly» mosquito, muscarine

N[edit]

nasci, nascor «to arise, be born, originate» antenatal, cognate, innate, nascent, natal, nation, national, nationality, native, nativity, nativization, nativism, natural, nature, naturism, naturalism, postnatal, prenatal
navis «ship» naval, navigate, navigation, navigator, navy
necesse «unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable» necessariness, necessary, necessitate, necessitation, necessitousness, necessitude, necessity
nectere, necto «to bind, tie» annex, annexable, annexure, annexation, annexational, connect, connection, connective, connectivity, connector, disconnect, nexus
nervus «sinew» innervate, innervation, nerve, nervous, nervousness, nervosity
nihil, contracted to nīl (indeclinable) «nothing» annihilate, nihilism, nihility, nil
nocere, noceo «to hurt, injure» innocence, innocent, nocent, noxious, nuisance, obnoxious
nōmen, nōminis «name, clan/middle name, reputation, title» agnomen, binomial, cognomen, denomination, ignominy, misnomer, nomenclator, nomenclature, nominal, nominate, noun, nuncupative, praenomen, pronoun, renown
noscere, nosco «to know» acquaint, acquaintance, cognition, cognitive, cognizant, cognizance, cognize, cognizor, cognosce, connoisseur, ignorable, ignorance, ignorant, ignore, incognito, precognition, recognize, recognition, quaint
novus «new» innovate, innovative, innovation, innovatory, novel, novelist, novelization, novelize, novelty, novice, novitiate, renovate, renovation, renovator
numerus «number» enumerate, enumeration, number, numeracy, numerary, numeral, numerate, numerator, numeric, numerical, supernumerary
nuntius «messenger» announce, announcement, annunciate, annunciation, denounce, denouncement, denouncer, enounce, enunciate, internuncio, nuncio, pronounce, pronouncement, pronouncer, pronunciation, renounce, renouncement, renouncer
nota «mark, sign» annote, annotation, annotator, connote, connotation, denote, denotation, notable, notability, notary, notate, notation, notational, note, notice, noticeable, reannotate
nutrire «to suckle, nourish, foster» nourish, nourishment, nurse, nursery, nutrient, nutriment, nutrition, nutritional, nutritious, nutritive

O[edit]

oculus, oculī «eye, bud (of a plant), vision, mind’s eye» antler, eyelet, inoculate, monocle, ocellus, ocular, oculist, oculomotor, oculus, pinochle, trompe l’oeil, ullage
odium «hatred» odious, odiousness, odium
odor «smell» deodorant, malodor, malodorous, odor, odorant, odorous, reodorant
oleum «oil, olive oil» (from Ancient Greek) indole, linoleum, oil, oleic, oleum, petroleum
onus, oneris «burden, load, trouble, fetus» exonerate, onerous, onus
opacus «shaded, shady, dark» opacity, opaque, opaqueness
opinari, opinor «to suppose, deem, think» opination, opine, opinion, opinionated
optare, opto «to choose, select» adopt, adoptee, adoption, adoptive, co-opt, co-optation, co-option, opt, option, optionable, optional
optimus «best, very good» optimal, optimality, optimate, optime, optimism, optimist, optimistic, optimity, optimization, optimize, optimum, suboptimal, superoptimal
opus, operis «work» co-op, co-operation, cooperative, hors d’oeuvre, inure, maneuver, manure, oeuvre, officinal, opera, operable, operation, operand, operant, operate, operational, operative, operator, operose, opus, stover
orare, oro «to speak» orate, oration, orator, oratory
orbis «circle, wheel, disk, the disk or orb of the sun or moon» orb, orbit, orbital
ordo «order» ordain, order, ordinal, ordinance, ordinary, ordinate, ordination, ordnance, ordonnance, subordinate, subordination, superordinate, superordination
oriri «to rise» orient, orientate, orientation, orienteer, origin, originate, originator, origination, original
orcus «hellish» orc, ogre, ogress

P[edit]

palpare, palpo «to touch softly, stroke, pat» palp, palpability, palpable, palpate, palpation, palpiform, palpitate, palpitation
pandere, pando «to strech» expand, expandable, expander, expanse, expansible, expansile, expansion, expansive, pace, pacer, pass, passage, passenger, passport, surpass, trespass
pangere, pango «to fasten» compact, compaction, impact, impactful, impaction, impinge, impingement
pānis, pānis «bread, loaf of bread» accompaniment, accompany, appanage, companion, company, panada, panatela, panic grass, pannier, panocha, pantry, pastille, penuche
par «equal» compare, comparable, comparison, comparative, on a par with, parity
parare, paro «to prepare, provide» disrepair, empress, emperor, empire, imperial, imperialism, imperialist, imperium, parable, pare, prepare, preparation, preparatory, preparative, repair, repairable, reparable, repairer, reparation, reparatory
parere, pareo «to appear, come to light» apparent, appear, appearance, disappear, transparency, transparent
parere, pario «to give birth, produce» parent, parental
pars, partis «part, portion, share, fraction, side» apartment, bipartite, compart, compartment, depart, department, departure, impart, impartial, impartiality, parcel, parcener, parse, part, partial, partiality, participate, participation, participatory, participle, particle, particular, partisan, partita, partitive, partner, partnership, party, repartee
pater, patris «father» compadre, compatriot, expatriate, goombah, padre, pater, paternal, paternalist, paternalism, patri-, patriate, patriation, patriot, patriotism, patriotic, patrician, patrimony, patron, père, repatriate, repatriation
patrare «to perform» perpetrate, perpetration, perpetrator
pauper «poor» impoverish, impoverishment, pauper, pauperdom, pauperism, pauperize, poor, poverty
pausa «pause» pause, pose, repose
pāx, pācis «peace, treaty, compact, agreement» appease, appeasement, pace, pax, pay, peace, pacific, pacify
peior «worse» impair, impairment, pejoration, pejorative
pellere, pello «to drive» appeal, compel, compellation, compulsion, compulsive, compulsory, dispel, expel, impel, impulse, impulsion, impulsive, impulsor peal, pelt, poussette, propel, propeller, pulsate, pulsation, pulsar, pulse, push, repel, repellent, repulse, repulsive, repulsion
pendere, pendo «to hang» append, appendage, appendix, depend, dependable, dependence, dispend, expend, expenditure, prepend, spend, suspend, suspension
pendere, pendo «to weigh» dispend, dispensable, dispensation, dispensative, dispensatory, dispense, ponder, ponderous, preponder, preponderance, preponderant, preponderate
persōna, persōnae «mask, role, person» probably from Etruscan phersu «mask» impersonate, person, personable, personality, personalize
petere, peto «to seek, pursue» appetency, appetent, appetite, appetitive, appetizer, centripetal, compete, competition, competitive, competitiveness, impetigo, impetuous, impetus, perpetual, perpetuate, perpetuation, petition, petulant, repeat, repetition, repetitive, repetitiveness
pingere, pingo «to portray» depict, depiction, paint, painter, painting, picture, pictorial, picturesque, pigment, pigmentary, pigmentation, repaint
pīla, pīlae «pillar, pier» pile (heap), pillar
pīlum «spear, pestle» pile (foundation of a structure)
pilus «hair» pile, depilation, depilatory
plangere «to strike, beat, as the breast in extreme grief, bewail» complain, plangent, plaint, plaintiff, plaintive
planus «level, plain» explain, explanation, explanatory, plain, plan, planar, plane, planner
plaudere, plaudo «to clap, applaud» applaud, applause, explode, explosion, explosive, implode, implosion, implosive, plaudit, plausibility, plausible
plectere «to weave, braid» complex, complexity
plenus «full» plenty
plere «to fill» complete, completion, complement, complementary, compliment, compliance, compliant, comply, deplete, depletion, replete, repletion, supplier, supplement, supply
plicare, plico «to fold, weave, knit» appliance, applicant, application, applicable, applicability, apply, complicate, complication, explicit, explicate, explication, explicator, implicate, implicative, implicit, implicitness, implication, imply, plier, ply, simple, simpleton, simplex, simplicity, simplification, simplify
plus «more» plural, plurality, pluralism, plus
poena «punishment, pain» impune, impunity, pain, penal, penalize, penalty, penance, penitence, penitent, punish, punishable, punishment, penitant, penitence, punitive, repent, repentance, subpoena
polire «to polish» polish, polite, politeness
politia «the state» police, policy, polity
politicus «pertaining to the state» politic, political, politician, politicize
polluere, polluo «to soil, defile» pollutant, pollute, polluter, pollution
polus «pole» bipolar, polar, polarity, polarize, polarization, pole
ponere, pono «to set, place» appose, apposition, component, compose, composition, compound, deponent, deposit, deposition, depositor, depository, disposal, dispose, disposition, exponent, expose, exposition, expound, impose, imposition, opponent, oppose, opposition, pose, posit, position, positive, positivity, posture, postural, proponent, proposal, propose, proposition, propound, suppose, supposition, transpose, transposition
populus, populī «people, ation, public, crowd» depopulate, depopulation, depopulative, depopulator, people, populace, popular, popularity, populate, population, publican, publication, publicist, publicity, publicize, publish, publishability, publishable, publisher, republic, republican
portare, porto «to carry» comport, deport, deportation, disport, export, exportation, exporter, import, importance, important, importation, importer, port, portability, portable, portage, portamento, portative, porter, portfolio, purport, rapport, report, sport, support, transport, transportation
portio «a share, part, portion» apportion, disproportion, disproportionate, disproportionation, misproportioned, portion, proportion, proportional, proportionate, proportioner
posse, possum «to be able» (from potis) impossibility, impossible, impotence, impotent, possibility, possible, potence, potency, potentate, potential, potentiality, power, powerful, powerless
potare, poto «to drink» poison, poisoner, poisonous, potable, potion
praegnans «pregnant» impregnable, impregnability, impregnate, impregnation, pregnance, pregnancy, pregnant
pravus «crooked, deformed» deprave, depravity, depravation
prehendere, prehendo «to seize, catch, grasp» apprehend, apprehension, apprehensive, apprentice, apprise, comprehend, comprehensibility, comprehensible, comprehension, comprehensive, comprehensiveness, prehensile, prize, reprehend, reprehensible, reprehension
premere «to press, hold fact, cover, crowd» compress, compression, compressor, depress, depression, depressive, express, expression, expressive, expressiveness, impress, impression, imprimatur, imprint, oppress, oppression, oppressive, press, print, reprimand, repress, repression, repressive, sprain, suppress, suppression
primus «first» premier, primary, primate, prime, primer, primeval, primitive, prince, princess, principle, principal, principality
privus «single, every, one’s own, private» deprivation, deprive, privacy, private, privation, privatization, privatize, privy
probare, probo «to test, prove» approbate, approbation, approve, approval, probate, probation, probe, proof, provable, prove, reproof, reproval, reprove
proles «offspring» prole, proletariat, proletary, proliferate, proliferation, proliferative, proliferous, prolific, prolificacy
prope «near» approach, approximate, approximation, approximator, proximate, proximity, reproach
propitius «favorable, well-disposed, kind» propitiate, propitiation, propitious, unpropitious
proprius «special, particular, one’s own, proper» appropriate, expropriate, expropriation, expropriator, proper, property, propriate, propriety, proprietary
pubes «grown up, of mature age» postpubescent, peripubescent, prepubescent, puberulent, pubescent, puberty, pubes, pubis, pubic
pungere, pungo «to prick, punch» point, pointer, pointless, pointillism, punch, puncheon, punctual, punctuate, puncture, pungent, pungency
purus «clean, free from dirt or filth» depurate, expurgate, impure, impurity, pure, purge, purgation, purgatory, purify, purification, puritan, puritanism, purity, spurge
putare, puto «to estimate, reckon» account, accountability, accountable, accountancy, accountant, computation, compute, computer, count, counter, depute, deputy, disputatious, disputation, dispute, imputation, impute, putative, reputable, reputation, repute

Q[edit]

qualis «interrogative: of what kind» quale, qualia, qualification, qualifier, qualify, qualitative, qualitativeness, quality
quantus «interrogative: how much, how many» quanta, quantification, quantifier, quantify, quantitative, quantitativeness, quantity, quantum
quaerere, quaero «to ask, seek» acquire, acquisition, query, quest, question, questionnaire, conquest, conquer, conqueror, inquire, inquiry, inquisition, inquisitive, request, require, requirement, requisite
quiescere, quiesco «to keep quiet, rest» acquiesce, acquiescence, acquiescent, quiesce, quiescence, quiescent, quiet, quietism
quot «how many» misquote, quota, quotable, quotation, quote, quotidian, quotient, quotiety, unquote

R[edit]

rabere, rabio «to be mad, rave» enrage, enragement, rabid, rabies, rage
rādīx, radicis «root, radish, foot, base» deracinate, eradication, irradicable, radical, radicality, radicle, radish, radix
radius «staff, rod, spoke of a wheel, a measuring rod, a semidiameter of a circle, a shuttle, spur of a bird, sting of a fish, the radius of the arm; by transfer, a beam of light, a ray» radial, radiate, radiation, radius, ray
ramus, ramī «branch, bough, genealogical branch» ramification, ramify, ramose, ramus
recuperare, recupero «to get again, regain, recover; to revive, restore» recover, recovery, recuperate, recuperation, recuperative
regere, rego «to rule, govern» address, addressable, deregulate, deregulation, direct, direction, director, directorate, directorial, dirigible, dirigisme, dirigist, dirigiste, downregulate, downregulation, dress, dresser, indirect, indirection, irregular, rector, redress, regent, regime, regimen, region, regular, regulate, regulation, regularity, regularly, rule, ruler, undress, upregulate, upregulation
reri, reor «to think, deem, judge» rate, ratifier, ratify, ratification, ratio, ration, rational, rationale, rationalism, rationalist, rationalization, rationalize, reason
rēs, (reī, rēī) «thing, matter, affair, object, circumstance» re, real, really, realistic, realist, reality, rebus, reify, republic, republican, res
rēx, rēgis «king» real, regal, regicide, regius professor, regulus, reign, rial, riyal, royal, vicereine, viceroy
ridere, rideo «to laugh at» deride, derision, derisive, ridicule, ridiculous, risible
rigere, rigeo «to be rigid» rigid, rigidity, rigidness, rigor, rigorous, rigorousness
ripa «a bank of a stream» arrive, arrival, river
rivus «a stream» derive, derivation, derivative, rival, rivalry, rivulet
robur «strength» corroborate, corroboration, corroborator, robust
rogare, rogo «to ask for, to propose a law» abrogate, abrogation, arrogance, arrogant, arrogate, derogate, derogatory, derogation, derogative, interrogate, interrogation, interrogative, interrogator, interrogatory, prerogative, prorogue, rogation, rogatory, subrogate, supererogate
rumpere, rumpo «to burst, break» abrupt, bankrupt, bankruptcy, corrupt, corruption, disrupt, disruption, disruptive, erupt, eruption, interrupt, interruption, irrupt, rout, rupicolous, rupture
rota «a wheel» rotatable, rotate, rotation, rotor, rotund, rotunda, round
ruber «red» & rubeo «be red» erubescence, erubescent, rubefacient, rubella, rubeola, rubescence, rubescent, rubicund, rubric, ruby
rūs, rūris «countryside, fields, farm, estate» rural, rustic

S[edit]

sacer «sacred» consecrate, consecration, consecrator, desecrate, desecration, desecrator, execrable, execrate, execration, sacral, sacrament, sacred, sacrifice, sacrificial, sacrilege
saeculum, saecula «generation, age» secular
salire, salio «to jump» assault, consilient, resilience, resilient, salience, saliency, salient, saltate, saltation, saltationism, sault, somersault
salus «health» salubrious, salutary, salutation, salute
salvus «safe» safe, safety, sage, salvage, salvageable, salvager, salvation, salvia, save, savings, unsalvageable
sancire, sancio «to render sacred, make holy» saint, sanctuary
sanguis «blood» consanguineous, consanguine, consanguineal, consanguinity, exsanguinate, sangaree, sangria, sanguine, sanguinary
sanus «sound in body; sound in mind» insane, insanity, sane, sanatorium, sanitary, sanitarium, sanitation, sanity
sapere, sapio «to taste, to discern, to be wise» sapid, sage, savant, savor, sapient
satelles, satellitis «bodyguard, attendant, sentinel» possibly from Etruscan satellite
scandere, scando «to climb» ascend, ascent, ascendant, ascendance, ascendancy, ascendency, ascending, ascender, ascension, descend, descent, condescend, transcend, transcendence, transcendent
scintilla «spark» scintilla, scintillate, scintillation, scintillator, stencil, tinsel
scribere, scribo «to write» ascribe, circumscribe, conscribe, conscript, conscription, describe, description, descriptive, descriptivism, descriptivist, descriptor, inscribe, inscription, prescribe, prescription, prescriptive, proscribe, scribal, scribble, scribe, script, transcribe, transcription
secare, seco «to cut» bisect, dissect, dissection, insect, intersect, intersection, resect, resection, secant, sect, sectarian, section, sector, segment, segmentation, trisect
sedere, sedeo «to sit» assess, assessment, assiduous, assize, dissident, insessorial, insidious, obsess, obsessive, possess, possession, possessive, possessor, preside, president, reside, residence, resident, séance, sedate, sedation, sedative, sedentary, sederunt, sedile, sediment, sedimentary, sedimentation, sessile, session, sewer, siege, subsidiary, subsidy, supersede, surcease
sentire, sentio «to feel, perceive» scent, sensation, sensational, sense, sensible, sensibility, sensitive, sensitiveness, sensor, sensory, sensual, sensuality, sensuous, sentence, sentential, sentience, sentient, sentiment, sentimental
sequi, sequor «to follow» consequence, consequent, consequential, executable, execute, executive, execution, executioner, executor, inconsequential, persecute, persecution, persecutor, prequel, prosecutable, prosecute, prosecution, prosecutor, pursuance, pursuant, pursue, pursuer, pursuit, sequel, sequence, sequent, sequential, subsequent, sue
serere, sero «to join or bind together» assert, assertion, assertive, assertiveness, desert, dissert, dissertation, exert, exertion, exsert, seraglio, insert, insertion, serial, seriate, seriation, series
servare, servo «to hold, keep» conservation, conservationist, conservatism, conservator, conservative, conserve, preserve, preservation, preservative, reservation, reserve
servire, servio «to serve» deserve, servant, serve, server, service, serviceable, servile
severus «severe, serious, grave in demeanor» severe, severity
signum, signī «sign, indication, proof, military standard» assign, consign, consignment, design, designate, designer, insignia, resign, scarlet, scarlatina, seal, segno, sigil, sign
similis «similar» similar, similarity, similarness, simile, simulate, simulacrum, simuland, simulant, simulation, simulator
singulus «single» single, singleton, singular, singularity
sinus «bend, fold, curve» sinus, insinuate, sinusoid
sistere, sisto «to stand, cause to stand, put, set up» (from stare) assist, assistance, assistent, consist, consistence, consistency, desist, exist, existence, insist, insistence, interstice, persist, persistent, persistency, resist, resistance, resistant, subsist, subsistence, subsistent
socius «a companion, fellow, partner, associate, ally» (from sequi) asocial, antisocial, associate, association, associative, associativity, desocialization, desocialize, resocialize, resocialization, sociability, sociable, social, socialism, socialist, sociality, socialization, socialize, societal, society, unsocial
solidus «solid» consolidate, consolidation, consolidator, soldier, solid, solidary, solidarity, solidify, solidity
solvere, solvo «to loosen, relax, solve» (from luere) absolute, absolution, absolve, assoil, dissolve, dissolution, resolve, resolute, resolution, soluble, solute, solution, solvable, solvability solve, solvent, solvency, solver
somnus «sleep» insomnia, insomniac, somnolent, somnolence, somnambulist, somnambulism, somnambulate, somnambulation, somnifacient, somnific, somniloquous, somnipathy
sorbere, sorbeo «to suck in» absorb, absorbent, absorption, absorbable, adsorb, adsorbent, adsorption, desorption, resorb, resorption, resorptive, sorption
spargere «to strew, sprinkle» asperse, aspersion, disperse, dispersion, sparge, sparse, sparseness, sparsity
specere, specio «to look at, behold» aspect, auspice, auspicious, circumspect, conspicuity, conspicuous, despect, despicable, despise, despiser, expect, expectable, expectancy, expectant, expectation, frontispiece, inspect, inspector, inspection, introspect, introspection, introspective, perspective, perspicacious, prospect, prospective, prospector, respecification, respecify, respect, respective, respite, retrospect, retrospection, retrospective, special, specialist, specialize, specialization, speciate, speciation, specie, species, specifiable, specific, specification, specificity, specify, specimen, specious, spectacle, spectacular, spectral, spectrum, speculate, speculation, speculative, speculator, speculum, spice, spy, suspect, transpicuous
spes «hope» (> sperare) despair, desperate, desperation, Esperanto, prosper, prosperity, prosperous
spirare, spiro «to breathe» aspire, aspiration, conspire, conspiration, expire, expiration, expiree, inspire, inspiration, perspire, perspiration, respire, respiration, respiratory, spirit, spiritual, spirituality, sprite, transpire, transpiration
spolium «booty, spoil» despoil, despoilment, despoliation, spoil, spoilage, spoliate, spoliation, spoliator, spoiler
spondere, spondeo «to promise, pledge, vow, vouch (for)» correspond, correspondence, despond, despondent, espouse, respond, response, responsibility, responsible, responsibleness, sponsor, spouse
stare, sto «to stand» arrest, circumstance, constancy, constant, constituent, constitute, constitution, constitutive, contrast, cost, destitute, distance, distant, establish, establishment, estancia, extant, instance, instant, institute, institution, obstacle, obstetric, oust, prostitute, rest, restitute, restitution, restive, stability, stabilize, stabilization, stabilizer, stable, stage, stance, stanch, stanchion, stanza, state, statistics, station, stationary, stative, stator, statue, stature, status, statute, statutory, stay, stet, substance, substantial, substitute, substitution, superstition
stringere «to draw tight, bind, contract» strain, strait, stress, strict, stringent, stringency
struere, struo «to heap up, pile, join together, build» construct, construction, constructive, constructor, destroy, destruct, destruction, destructor, infrastructure, instruct, instruction, instructive, instructor, obstruct, obstruction, restructure, structure, structural, substructure, superstructure
stupere, stupeo «to be amazed or confounded, be struck senseless» stupe, stupefy, stupid, stupidity, stupidness, stupor, stupendous
suadere, suadeo «to recommend, advise» dissuade, dissuasion, dissuasive, persuade, persuasion, persuasive, suasion, suasiveness
subtilis «fine, thin, slender, delicate» subtile, subtle, subtleness, subtlety
sumere, sumo «to take» (contraction of sub- + emō) assume, assumption, consume, consumer, consumerism, consumption, presume, presumption, resume, resumption, subsume, subsumption, sumptuary, sumptuous
super «over, above» (> summa) consummate, consummation, sum, summarize, summarization, summary, summation, summit, super, superior, superiority, supremacy, supreme
surgere, surgo «to rise, get up» resource, resourceful, resurge, resurgence, resurgent, source, surge

T[edit]

tacere, taceo «be silent» tacit, taciturn
tangere, tango «to touch» attain, attainment, contact, contagion, contagious, contingency, contingent, intact, integer, integral, integrate, integration, integrity, tact, tactile, tactility, tactual, tangent, tangible
tegere, tego «cover» detect, detection, detective, detector, integument, integumentary, protect, protective, protection, protectionist, protectionism, protector, protectorate, tegument
temnere, temno «to despise» contemn, contemner, contempt, contemptible, contemptuous
templum «temple» contemplate, contemplation, contemplative, templar, template, temple, templet
tendere, tendo «to stretch» attend, attendance, attention, attentive, contend, contention, contentious, extend, extensible, extension, extensive, intend, intense, intensification, intensifier, intensify, intension, intensional, intensity, intensive, intent, intention, ostensible, ostensive, ostentation, ostentatious, portend, portent, portentous, pretend, pretender, pretense, pretension, pretentious, pretentiousness, subtend, tend, tendentious, tendency, tension, tensor, tent
tenere, teneo «to hold» abstain, contain, containable, container, containment, content, continue, detain, detention, entertain, entertainer, entertainment, lieutenant, maintain, maintenance, obtain, pertain, pertinacious, pertinence, rein, retain, retention, retinue, sustain, sustenance, tenable, tenacious, tenant, tenement, tenet, tenon, tenor, tenure, tenuto
tentare «to handle, touch, try, test, tempt» attempt, tentative, tempt, temptation
terere, tero «to rub» attrit, attrite, attritee, attrition, attritor, contrite, contrition, tribulation, trite, triteness
terminus «a bound, boundary, limit, end» determinable, determinant, determination, determine, determiner, determinism, determinist, indeterminacy, indeterminate, interminable, non-determinism, non-deterministic, non-terminal, term, terminate, termination, terminative, terminator, terminus, terminable, terminal, terminality
terra, terrae «earth, land, ground, country, soil» fumitory, inter, Mediterranean, parterre, subterranean, terra, terrace, terracotta, terrain, Terran, terraqueous, terrene, terreplein, terrestrial, terre-verte, terricolous, terrier, terrigenous, territorial, territory, turmeric, verditer
terrere, terreo «to frighten, terrify» deter, deterrence, deterrent, terrible, terrific, terrify, terror, terrorism, terrorist, terrorize
texere, texo «to weave» context, pretext, subtext, text, textual, textile
timere, timeo «to fear» intimidate, intimidation, timid, timidity, timidness, timorous
titulus «title, inscription» disentitle, entitle, entitlement, half-title, mistitle, nontitled, retitle, subtitle, supertitle, surtitle, title, titular, untitled
torpere «be numb or stiff» torpor, torpidity, torpedo
totus «whole, entire» subtotal, total, totality, totalitarian, totalitarianism
toxicum «poison» toxic, toxicity, toxin
trahere, traho «to draw» abstract, abstraction, attract, attraction, attractive, attractor, contract, contraction, contractor, contractual, detract, detraction, detractor, retract, retraction, subtract, subtraction, intractability, intractable, trace, traceable, traceability, tract, tractable, tractability, tractor, treat, treatable, treatment, treatise, treaty
transire, transeo «to go across, pass over, pass through» (from «trans» + «ire») transience, transiency, transient, transition, transitional, transitionary, transitionist, transitive, transitory
tribus «tribe» ( > tribuere) attribute, attributive, attribution, contribute, contribution, contributor, distribute, distribution, distributive, distributor, retribute, retribution, tribal, tribe, tribelet, tribunal, tribune, tributary, tribute
tricae «trifles, toys; hindrances, impediments» extricate, extrication, intricacy, intricate, intrigue, intriguer, intriguery
trudere, trudo «to thrust, push» abstrude, abstruse, intrude, intrusion, intrusive, protrude, protrusible, protrusion
tueri, tueor «to watch, guard, see, observe» intuitional, intuitionism, intuitionist, intuitionistic, intuitive, intuit, tuition, tutelage, tutelar, tutelary, tutor, tutorial

U[edit]

ubi «where» ubication, ubiety, ubiquarian, ubiquitin, ubiquitous, ubiquity
ullus «any» annul, annuler, annulment, null, nullification, nullify, nullity
umbra «shade» adumbrate, adumbration, adumbrative, penumbra, somber, sombrero, umbrage, umbrageous, umbrella
uncia, unciae «a twelfth part» inch, ounce, uncial, quincunx
unda «a wave» abound, abundance, inundate, inundation, redound, redundance, redundancy, redundant, surround, undulate, undulation
urgere «to press, push, force, drive, urge» urge, urgency, urgent
uti, utor «to use» abuse, disuse, misuse, peruse, unusual, usage, usance, use, useful, usefulness, user, usual, usufruct, usurious, usurp, usury, utensil, utile, utilitarian, utilitarianism, utility, utilities, utilize, utilization

V[edit]

vacare, vaco «to be empty, void» vacancy, vacant, vacate, vacation
vacuus «empty» evacuate, evacuation, vacuity, vacuous, vacuum
vadere, vado «to go, make one’s way, advance» evade, evasion, evasive, evasiveness, invade, invader, invasion, invasive, invasiveness, pervade, pervasive, pervasiveness
valere, valeo «to be strong, be worth» ambivalence, ambivalent, avail, countervail, convalesce, equivalent, equivalence, evaluate, evaluation, evaluator, invalid, invalidate, overvalue, overvaluation, prevail, prevalent, prevalence, reevaluate, reevaluation, undervalue, undervaluation, valance, valence, valency, valediction, valetudinary, valiance, valiant, valid, validate, validation, validity, valor, valuable, valuation, value
vastus «waste, desolate, vast» devastate, devastation, vast
vegere «to move, excite, quicken» vegetable, vegetarian, vegetarianism, vegetate, vegetation, vegetative
vehere, veho «to carry, bear, convey» convect, convection, vector, vehicle, vehicular
velle, volo «to wish, to be willing» benevolence, benevolent, malevolence, malevolent, velleity, volition, volitional, voluntarism, voluntarist, voluntary, volunteer
venenum «poison» venom, venomous
venire, venio «to come» advent, adventitious, adventure, adventurous, avenue, circumvent, contravene, convene, convenient, convent, conventicle, convention, coven, covenant, event, eventful, eventual, intervene, invent, inventive, inventiveness, inventor, inventory, misadventure, parvenu, prevenient, prevent, provenance, provenience, revenant, revenue, souvenir, subvention, uneventful, supervene, venire, venturous, venue
verber «a whip, rod» verberate, verberation, reverberant, reverberate, reverberation, reverberatory
verbum, verba «word, saying, expression, expression, proverb, verb» adverb, adverbial, non-verbal, proverb, proverbial, verb, verbal, verbalization, verbalize, verbatim, verbiage, verbose, verbosity
vergere, vergo «to bend» converge, convergence, convergency, convergent, diverge, divergence, divergency, divergent, verge
verna «a native» vernacular
vertere, verto «to turn» adverse, adversity, anniversary, aversion, avert, bouleversement, controversy, converse, conversion, conversation, convert, diverse, diversion, diversity, divert, evert, extrorse, extroversion, extrovert, introrse, introversion, introvert, inverse, inversion, invert, malversation, obverse, obvert, peevish, pervert, prose, retrorse, reversal, reverse, revert, sinistrorse, subversion, subversive, subvert, tergiversate, transverse, universe, versatile, verse, version, versus, vertebra, vertex, vertigo, vortex
vērus «true» veracious, veracity, verification, verifier, verify, veritable, verity, very
vestigium «footstep, footprint, track, the sole of the foot, a trace, mark» vestige, vestigial, investigate, investigation, investigational, investigative, investigator, investigatory
vestis «garment» devest, devestation, devestator, divest, invest, investor, investment, revet, travesty, vest
vexare, vexo «to disturb, agitate» vex, vexation, vexatious
via «way» convey, conveyable, conveyance, conveyee, conveyer, conveyor, convoy, via, viaduct, viary, viatecture, viatic, viaticals, viaticum, viator
videre, video «to see, look at, consider» advice, advisable, advise, adviser, advisor, advisory, belvedere, clairvoyant, enviable, envy, evidence, evident, improvisation, improvise, interview, interviewer, invidious, previse, provide, provision, provisional, prudence, prudent, purvey, purveyance, purveyor, purview, review, reviewer, revise, revision, revisionism, revisor, supervise, supervision, supervisor, survey, surveyor, television, vide, view, viewer, visa, visage, visibility, visible, vision, visionary, visit, visor, vista, visual, visualization, visualize, voyeur
vigere, vigeo «flourish, thrive, be lively» invigorate, invigoration, reinvigorate, reinvigoration, vigor, vigorous
vigil «awake» invigilate, invigilation, invigilator, vigil, vigilance, vigilant, vigilante
vīlla «country home, farmhouse, homestead» bidonville, nasty, villa, village, villain, villanelle, villein
vincere, vinco «to conquer» convict, conviction, convince, evict, evince, invincible, vanquish, victor, victorious, victory, vincible
vindicare, vindico «to avenge, vindicate, claim, punish» avenge, avengeance, avengement, revanche, revanchist, revenge, venge, vengeance, vengeful, vindicate, vindication, vindictive
vir, virī «man, husband, hero» decemvir, duumvir, triumvirate, virago, virile, virtual, virtuality, virtualization, virtualize, virtue, virtuous, virtuosa, virtuosity, virtuoso
vitium «fault, vice» vice, vicious, vitiate, vitiation, vituperable, vituperant, vituperation, vituperative, vituperator, vituperatory, vituperous
vivere, vivo «to live» convivial, devive, revitalization, revitalize, revival, revive, survival, survive, viability, viable, viand, victual, vital, vitality, viva, vivacious, vivid
volvere, volvo «to roll» convolve, convolute, convoluted, convolution, evolve, evolution, evolutionary, involve, involvement, revolve, revolver, revolution, revolutionary, voluble, volute
vovere, voveo «vow, promise; dedicate or devote to a deity» devote, devotee, devotion, vote, voter, vow
vox «voice» (> vocare) advocacy, advocate, advocation, advocator, advocatory, avocation, convoke, equivocal, equivocation, evoke, invocation, invoke, provocation, provocative, provoke, revoke, unequivocal, univocal, vocable, vocabulary, vocal, vocalize, vocalization, vocation, vocational, voice

Further reading[edit]

The American Heritage Dictionary Indo-European Roots Appendix, ahdictionary.com

Источник

This is a list of Latin words with derivatives in English (and other modern languages).

Ancient orthography did not distinguish between i and j or between u and v.^[1] Many modern works distinguish u from v but not i from j. In this article, both distinctions are shown as they are helpful when tracing the origin of English words. See also Latin phonology and orthography.

The citation form for nouns (the form normally shown in Latin dictionaries) is the Latin nominative singular, but that typically does not exhibit the root form from which English nouns are generally derived.

Latin nouns and adjectives A–M Citation form Declining stem Meaning English derivatives abdomen abdomin- belly abdomen, abdominal, abdominous, intra-abdominal accipiter accipitr- hawk Accipiter, accipitrine acer acer- maple aceric ācer ācr- sharp acrid, acridine, acridity, acrimonious, acrimony, acritude, acrity, acrolein, eager, vinegar acerbus
• acerbior
• acerbissimus acerb- bitter acerbic, acerbity, exacerbate, exacerbation acervus acerv- heap acerval, acervate, acervation, acervative, acervose, Acervulinacea, acervuline, acervulus, coacervate, coacervation †acervulus acervul- acētum acēt- vinegar acetabuliform, acetabulum, acetate, acetic, acetone, aceturic, triacetate acinus acin- berry acinaceous, acinar, acinarious, aciniform, acinose, acinous, acinus, interacinous acus acer- chaff acerose acus acū- needle acicular, acuity, aculeate, aculeolate, aculeus, acumen, acuminate, acupuncture, acusector, acutance, acute, acutifoliate, acutilingual, acutilobate, aiguille, cute, eglantine, nonacuity, peracute, subacute †acicula acicul- †acula acul- adeps adip- fat adipocere, adipose aedes, aedis aed- building aedicule, aedile, cavaedium, edification, edifice, edile †aedicula aedicul- aemulus aemul-, im- emulate, emulation, emulator, emulous, image, imagerial, imagery, imagination, imaginative, imagine, imitable, imitate, imitation, inimitable, preimage, subimago aequus aequ-, -iqu- even, level adequacy, adequality, adequate, disequilibrium, equable, equal, equality, equanimity, equant, equation, equational, equative, equator, equatorial, equilibrium, equitable, equity, equivalence, equivalent, inadequacy, inadequate, inequality, iniquitous, iniquity aes aer- ore aeneator, aeneous, aeruginous, aerugite, aerugo, aim, disesteem, eruginous, esteem, estimable, estimate, inestimable aestas aest- summer aestival, aestivate, aestivation, estivate, estivator aestus aestu- estuarial, estuarine, estuary aetās aet- age coetaneity, coetaneous aevum aev- age, eon age, coeternal, coeval, coevality, eternal, eterne, eviternal, grandevity, grandevous, longevity, longevous, mediaeval, nonage, premediaeval, primaeval, primeval ager agr-, -egr- field agrarian, agrestal, agricultural, agriculture, nonagrarian, nonagricultural, peragration, peregrine, peregrinus, pilgrim, pilgrimage †agrellus agrell- āla^{[note 1]} āl- wing aileron, aisle, alar, alate, aliferous, aliform, aligerous alacer
• alacrior alacr- quick alacritous, alacrity, allegresse, allegretto, allegro albus
• albior
• albissimus alb- dull white alb, alba, albarium, albedo, albino, albite, album, albumen, albumin, aubade alga alg- seaweed algae, algal, algicidal, algicide alius ali- other abalienate, alias, alibi, alien, alienability, alienable, alienate, alienation, aliquot, inalienability, inalienable, nonalien allium, ālium alli- garlic Allium alter alter- other adulterant, adulterate, adulteration, adulterine, adulterous, adultery, alter, alter ego, alterability, alterable, alterant, alteration, alterative, inalterable alternus altern- altern, alternant, alternate, alternation, alternative, alternator, bialternant alumnus alumn- alumnus alumni alveus alve- alveolar, alveolate, alveolus, interalveolar, postalveolar †alveolus alveol- amārus amar- bitter amarelle, amaretti, amaretto, amarine, amaritude, amaro ambō amb- both ambient, ambiguous amoenus amoen- amenity amplus
• amplior
• amplissimus ampl- ample ample, ampliate, ampliation, amplification, amplitude anas anat- duck Anas, anatine ancūla ancūl- ancillary †ancilla ancill- anguis angu- snake Anguidae, anguiform, Anguilla, anguilliform, anguine, anguineous anguiculus anguicul- †Anguilla anguill- angulus angul- corner angular, angularity, angulose, biangular, biangulate, equiangular, equiangularity, multangular, multiangular, nonrectangular, octangle, octangular, quadrangle, quadrangular, quinquangular, rectangle, rectangular, semiangle, semiangular, septangle, septangular, sexangle, sexangular, triangle, triangular, triangularity, triangulation †angellus angell- anima anim- breath, life, soul anima, animal, animalcule, animate, animation, animato, animator, exanimate, inanimate, reanimate animus anim- mind, anger animadversion, animose, animosity, animus, equanimity, equanimous, multanimous, nonunanimous, pusillanimity, pusillanimous, unanimity, unanimous annus ann-, -enn- year annals, annates, anniversary, annotinous, annual, annuity, biannual, bicentennial, biennial, biennium, bimillennial, centennial, decennial, millennial, millennium, octennial, per annum, perennate, perennial, quadrennial, quadrennium, quinquennial, quinquennium, semiannual, septennial, sexennial, superannuate, superannuation, triennial, triennium ānser ānser- goose Anser, anserine †anserculus ansercul- gosling antenna antenn- antenna, antennal, antennule ānus an- ring anal, annelid, Annelida, annular, annulate, annulation, annulus, anus, biannulate, circumanal, exannulate, penannular, semiannular, subanal †ānulus anul- †ānellus anell- apis ap- bee apian, apiarian, apiary, apiculture aqua aqu- water acquacotta, akvavit, aqua vitae, aquaculture, aquamanile, aquamarine, aquarelle, aquarial, aquarium, Aquarius, aquatic, aquatile, aqueduct, aqueous, aquifer, aquiferous, aquiform, ewer, gouache, semiaquatic, sewage, sewer, sewerage †aquula aquul- aquila aquil- eagle Aquila, aquiline, aquilinity arbiter^{[note 2]} arbitr- – arbiter, arbitrable, arbitrage, arbitrageur, arbitral, arbitrament, arbitrarious, arbitrary, arbitrate, arbitration, arbitrator, arbitratrix, arbitress, nonarbitrary arbor, arbōs arbor- tree arboraceous, arboreal, arboreality, arboreous, arborescence, arborescent, arboretum, arboricide, arboriculture, arborous, arborvitae, arbuscle, arbuscular †arbuscula arbuscul- arca arc- arcane †arcula arcul- arcus arc- bow arc, arciform, arco, arcuate arduus ardu- steep arduous argentum argent- silver argent, argentate, argenteous, argentiferous, Argentina, argentite arma arm- arms (weapons) alarm, ambry, armada, armadillo, armament, armamentarium, armarium, armature, armiferous, armiger, armigerous, armipotent, armistice, armor, armorial, armory, army, disarm, disarmament, gendarme, gendarmerie, nonarmigerous, rearm, rearmament armus arm- shoulder armill, armillary, armillifer †armilla armill- ars art-
-ert- art, skill artifact, artifice, artificial, artificiality, artisan, artisanal, artisanality, inartificial, inert, inertia, inertial, noninert, noninertial artus art- tight arctation, coarct, coarctate, coarctation artūs art- joint article, articulable, articulacy, articular, articulate, articulation, articulative, articulator, articulatory, biarticular, biarticulate, coarticulation, disarticulation, inarticulable, inarticulacy, inarticulate, interarticular, intra-articular, multiarticular, multiarticulate, quinquarticular, subarticle, triarticulate †articulus articul- arvus arv- plowed arval as ass-
-uss- ace, decussate, decussation, semis, tremissis asinus asin- donkey Aselli, asinine, Asinus, easel †asellus asell- asper asper- rough asperate, asperatus, asperity, exasperate, exasperation astus ast- astute audāx
• audācior
• audācissimus audāc- brave, bold audacious, audacity auris aur- ear aural, auricle, auricular, auriculate, auriform, auscultation, biauricular, biauriculate, binaural, circumaural, interauricular, scout †auricula auricul- aurum aur- gold aurate, aureate, aureole, auriferous, aurification, aurous, dory, inaurate, inauration, oriole, orpiment avēna avēn- oat Avena, avenaceous, avenary, avener avis avi- bird aucupation, augur, auspex, auspicate, auspice, auspicious, Aves, avian, aviary, aviation, aviator, aviatrix, avicide, Avicula, aviculture, avifauna †aucella aucell- †avicula avicul- avunculus avuncul- uncle, mother’s brother avuncular, avunculate, avunculicide, avunculocal, uncle axis axi- axle abaxial, adaxial, axial, axiality, axifugal, axile, biaxial, biaxiality, coaxial, interaxial, multiaxial, semiaxis, triaxial, triaxiality, uniaxial baca bac- berry baccalaureate, baccate, bacciferous, bacciform, baccivorous, bagasse, bagatelle †bacula bacul- baculum bacul- staff bacillary, bacilliform, bacillus, baculiform, baculine, baguette, debacle, imbecile, imbecility †bacillum bacill- bāiulus, bājulus bāiul- carrier bail, bailee, bailie, bailiff, bailiwick, bailliage, baillie, bailment, bailor barba barb- beard barb, barbate, barbel, barbellate, barber, barbet, barbicel, barbine, barbule, rebarbative †barbula barbul- bassus bass- low abase, abasement, bas-relief, base, basset, basso, bassoon, bassus, debase, debasement beatus beat- blessed beatification, Beatitudes bellum bell- war antebellum, bellic, bellicose, bellicosity, belligerence, belligerent, debellatio, imbellic, rebel, rebellion, revel, revelment, revelry bellus bell- pretty beautiful, beauty, embellish, embellishment bene ben- well benediction, benedictional, benedictory, benefaction, benefactive, benefactor, benefactrix, benefic, benefice, beneficence, beneficent, benefit, benign, benignity bestia besti- animal beast, bestial, bestiary bini bin- two each binary, binate, combination, combinatorial, combine, recombinant bonus
• melior
• optimus bon-
• melior-
• optim- good
• better
• best bonbon, bonify, bonitary, bonus, boon, debonair
• ameliorate, amelioration, meliority
• optimal, optimate, optimum, suboptimal bōs bov- cow, ox bovine, bovinic acid botulus botul- sausage botulin, boudin †botellus botell- bracchium brac- arm, support embrace, braces, bracelet brevis brev- brief, short abbreviate, abbreviation, breve, brevet, breviary, brevity, brief, debrief bucca bucc- cheek, mouth, cavity buccal, buccinator muscle, buckle, debouch, debuccalization †buccula buccul- bulbus bulb- bulbous bulb, bulbar, bulbose, bulbous, bulbule †bulbulus bulbul- bulla bull- bubble, flask bill, billet, boil, boilery, bola, bolillo, bouillon, bowl, bull, bulla, bullion, ebullience, ebullient, ebullition, garboil bursa burs- pouch, purse bolson, bourse, bursa, bursar, bursary, disbursal, disburse, disbursement, imburse, reimburse, reimbursement caballus caball- horse caballero, cavalcade, cavalero, cavalier, cavalry, chevalier, chivalrous, chivalry calvus calv- bald calvarium, Calvary, Calvin, calvities, calvity, calvous calx calc-
-culc- heel calcaneal, calcaneum, calcaneus, calque, calzone, caulk, inculcate, inculcation, recalcitrance, recalcitrant, retrocalcaneal calx calc- limestone, pebble calcareous, calciferous, calcific, calcification, calciform, calcite, calcium, calculability, calculable, calculate, calculation, calculator, calculus, caliche, chalk, decalcification, incalculable, precalculate, recalcification, recalculate †calculus calcul- camera camer- vault antechamber, bicameral, cabaret, camaraderie, camber, camera, chamber, chamberlain, comrade, concamerate, concameration, multicamera, multicameral, tricameral, unicameral camisia camisi- shirt camisade, camisado, Camisard, camisole, chemise campus camp- field camp, campaign, campesino, campestral, campo, campsite, campus, champart, champarty, champertous, champerty, champignon, champion, decamp, decampment, encamp, encampment cancer cancr- crab cancer, cancerate, cancerous, cancriform, cancrine, canker, precancerous candēla candēl- candle candela, candelabra, candelabrum, chandelier, chandler, chandlery canis can- dog canaille, canary, canicular, canicule, canid, canine, Canis, Canis Major, postcanine cānus cān- gray, grey canescence, canescent capanna capann- cabana, cabin, cabinetry caper, capra capr- goat cabriole, cabriolet, caper, capreolate, capric, Capricorn, caprid, caprifig, capriform, caprigenous, caprine, capriole †capellus capell- †capreolus, capreola capreol- capillus capill- hair capellini, capillaceous, capillarity, capillary, capilliform, capillose, dishevel, dishevelment, precapillary capsa caps- box, case caisson, cajón, capsicum, capsular, capsule, case, cashier, cassette, cassone, chassis, encapsulant, encapsulate, encapsulation, encase, encasement, incase, incasement, intracapsular, subcapsular †capsella capsell- †capsula capsul- caput capit-, -cipit- head achievable, achieve, achievement, ancipital, ancipitous, biceps, bicipital, cabotage, cad, caddie, cadet, cape, cap, capital, capitular, capitulary, capitulate, capitulation, capitule, capitulum, capo, capodecina, caporegime, captain, captaincy, cattle, caudillo, centicipitous, chapter, chaptrel, chattel, chef, chief, chieftain, co-captain, co-captaincy, decapitate, decapitation, occipital, occiput, per capita, precipice, precipitando, precipitation, precipitous, quadriceps, quadricipital, recapitulate, sincipital, sinciput, sous-chef, subcaptain, tri-captain, triceps, tricipital, unicipital, vice-captain, vice-captaincy †capitellum capitell- †capitulum capitul- carbo carbon- coal bicarbonate, carbon, carbonate, carbonation, Carboniferous, carbuncle, radiocarbon carcer, cancer carcer- jail cancel, cancellable, cancellate, cancellation, cancellous, cancellus, chancel, chancellery, chancellor, chancery, incarcerate, incarceration, subchancel †cancelli cancell- cardo cardin- hinge cardinal, cardinality, kern carduus cardu- thistle card cariēs cari- decay cariosity, carious carīna carīn- keel careen caro carn- flesh carnage, carnal, carnary, carnate, carnation, carneous, carnival, carnivore, carnose, carnosity, carrion, caruncle, carunculate, charcuterie, charnel, discarnate, incarnadine, incarnate, incarnation, reincarnate, reincarnation carrus, carrum carr- wheeled vehicle car, career, cargo, caricature, carriage, carry, charge, chargé, chargée, chariot, charioteer, charrette, countercharge, discharge, dischargee, encharge, multicar, recharge, surcharge cartilago cartilagin- cartilage cartilage, cartilaginous, noncartilaginous, precartilage cārus
• cārior
• cārissimus cār- dear caress, caressive, charitable, charity, cherish, cherishable, noncharitable casa cas- house casino cāseus cāse- cheese caseic, casein, caseous, cheese, quesadilla castrum castr- fort -caster, castellan, castellation, castle, chateau, chatelain, Chester †castellum castell- castus
• castior
• castissimus cast-, -cest- pure caste, castigate, castigation, castigator, chaste, chasten, chastenment, chastity, incest, incestuous catēna catēn- chain catenary, catenate, catenation, catenative, catenulate, chain, concatenate, concatenation, enchain, enchaînement, nonconcatenative †catēnula catēnul- cauda caud-, cod- tail cauda, caudal, caudate, caudicle, coda, codetta, curvicaudate, dequeue, enqueue, queue †caudicula caudicul- caulis caul-, col- stalk, stem caulescent, caulicle, cauliflorous, cauliflory, cauliform, cauline, choux †cauliculus caulicul- causa caus-, -cus- motive, accusation accusal, accusation, accusative, accusativity, accusatory, accuse, causality, causation, causative, causativity, excusable, excuse, inexcusable, irrecusable, recusal, recusancy, recusant, recuse, ruse, rush cavus cav- hollow biconcave, biconcavity, cage, cajole, cajolement, caval, cavate, cavatina, cave, cavea, cavern, cavernicolous, cavernous, cavernulous, cavicorn, cavitation, cavity, concave, concavity, encage, excavate, excavation, excavator, quasiconcave, quasiconcavity celeber celebr- famous celebrant, celebrate, celebration, celebratory, celebrity, concelebration celer
• celerior
• celerrimus celer- quick, swift accelerando, accelerant, accelerate, acceleration, accelerator, celerity, decelerando, decelerate, deceleration, decelerator centeni centen- hundred each bicentenary, centenarian, centenary, centenionalis, supercentenarian, ultracentenarian centesimus centesim- hundredth centavo, centesimal, centesimation, centime, céntimo centum cent- hundred cent, centennial, centifidous, centillion, centurial, centurion, century, semicentennial, sesquicentennial, tricentennial cera cer- wax ceraceous, cereous, ceresin, inceration cerebrum cerebr- brain cerebellar, cerebellum, cerebral, cerebrifugal, cerebripetal, intracerebral †cerebellum cerebell- certus cert- certain ascertain, ascertainable, certificate, certification, certiorari, certitude, decertification, incertitude, recertification cervīx cervīc- neck cervical, cervix, intracervical cervus cerv- deer cervid, Cervidae, cervine ceterus ceter- other et cetera cibus cib- food cibarious, cibarium, cibation cicātrīx cicātrīc- scar cicatrice cilium cili- eyelash cilia, ciliary, ciliate, ciliation, supercilious cinis ciner- ashes cinder, cinerarium, cinerary, cinereous, cinerin, incinerate, incineration, incinerator cippus cipp- stake cep circus circ- circle bicircular, circa, circinate, circular, circularity, circulate, circulation, circulator, circulatory, circumcircle, circus, cirque, encircle, encirclement, multicircular, noncircular, quasicircle, recirculate, recirculation, recirculator, research, ricercar, search, searchable, semicircle, semicircular, tricircular †circulus circul- †circellus circell- cirrus cirr- curl, tentacle cirrate, cirriform, cirriped, cirrose, cirrous, cirrus citer
• citerior
• citimus citr-
• citerior-
• citim- on this side
•
• • citerior
• cīvis cīv- citizen citadel, city, civil, civilian, civility, incivil, incivility, intercity clārus
• clārior
• clārissimus clār- clear chiaroscuro, clairaudience, claircognizance, Claire, clairgustance, clairolfactus, clairsentience, clairvoyance, clairvoyant, Clara, clarain, claret, clarificant, clarification, clarify, clarinet, clarion, Clarissa, claritude, clarity, clear, clearage, clearance, cleartext, declarable, declaration, declarative, declaratory, declare, éclair, glair, glaireous, redeclare clavis clav- key claves, clavicle, clavier, enclave, exclave †clāvicula clāvicul- clemens clement- mild clemency, clement, inclemency, inclement codex codic- code, codex, codical, codicil †codicillus codicill- collis coll- hill colliculus †colliculus collicul- collum coll- neck collar color color- color bicolor, Colorado, coloration, coloratura, concolorous, decolor, discolor, discoloration, multicolor, tricolor, unicolor, versicolor cōlum cōl- strainer colander, coulee, coulis, coulisse, couloir, cullender, cullis, percolate, percolation, percolator, piña colada, portcullis columba columb- dove columbarium, columbary, Columbella, columbine cor cord- heart accord, accordance, accordant, accordatura, concord, concordance, concordant, concordat, corcle, cordate, cordial, cordiality, cordiform, core, courage, courageous, discord, discordance, discordant, discourage, discouragement, encourage, encouragement, nonaccordant, obcordate, record, scordatura †corcillum corcill- †corculum corcul- corbis corb- basket corb, corf corium cori- skin, hide coriaceous, excoriate cornū corn- horn bicorn, bicorne, Capricorn, cornea, corneal, corneous, corner, cornicle, corniculate, corniferous, cornification, corniform, cornucopia, quadricorn, quadricornous, tricorn, tricorne, tricornigerous, tricornute, unicorn, unicornous †corniculum cornicul- cornus corn- dogwood cornaceous, cornel, Cornus †cornicula cornicul- corona coron- crown corolla, corollaceous, corollarial, corollary, corona, coronamen, coronary, coronate, coronation, coronavirus, coroner, coronet, coroniform, Coronilla, crown, incoronate †corolla coroll- corpus corpor- body accorporate, bicorporal, concorporate, concorporation, corporal, corporality, corporate, corporation, corporative, corporature, corporeal, corporeality, corporeity, corps, corpse, corpulence, corpulent, corpus, corpuscle, corpuscular, disincorporate, disincorporation, extracorporeal, incorporal, incorporality, incorporate, incorporation, incorporeal, incorporeality, incorporeity, tricorporal †corpusculum corpuscul- cortex cortic- bark, rind cortical, corticate, corticiform, corticifugal, corticipetal, decorticate, decortication, decorticator coruscus corusc- vibrate coruscant, coruscate, coruscation corvus corv- raven corbel, cormorant, corvine †corvellus corvell- costa cost- rib accost, bicostate, coast, coastal, costa, costal, costate, curvicostate, entrecôte, infracostal, intercostal, intracoastal, multicostate, quadricostate, supracostal, tricostate, unicostate cotoneum cotōne- quince cotoneaster coxa cox- hip coxal crapula crapul- inebriation crapulence, crapulent cras cras- tomorrow crastination, procrastinate, procrastination, procrastinator crassus crass- thick crass, crassitude, crassulaceous crātis crāt- lattice, wickerwork crate, grate, graticulation, graticule, griddle, grill, grillade, grillage, grille †craticula craticul- crēna crēn- notch bicrenate, crena, crenate, crenation, crenature, crenulate, crenulation †crēnula crēnul- creta cret- chalk cretaceous cribrum cribr- sieve cribble, cribellum, cribrate, cribriform, garble †cribellum cribell- crimen^{[note 3]} crimin- judgment, offense criminal, criminality, criminate, incriminate, recriminate, recrimination crīnis crīn- hair crinel, crinigerous, crinite, crinoline, crinose, crinosity crispus crisp- curled crape, crepe, crêpe, crisp, crispate, crispation crista crist- crest crease, crest, cristate crus crur- leg, shank bicrural, crural, crus, equicrural crusta crust- rind, shell, crust crostata, croustade, croûte, crouton, crust, crustacean, crustaceous, crustal, crustation, crustific, crustose, custard, duricrust, encrust, encrustation, incrust, incrustation crux cruc- cross crucial, cruciate, crucifer, cruciferous, crucifix, crucifixion, cruciform, crucify, crucigerous, crusade, cruzeiro, discruciate, excruciate cucullus cucull- hood cowl, cucullate cuculus cucul- cuckoo cuculiform cucurbita cucurbit- gourd cucurbit, Cucurbita, cucurbitaceous culcita culcit- mattress quilt culex culic- gnat Culex, culiciform, culicifuge, culicine, Culicivora culina culin- kitchen culinarian, culinary, kiln culpa culp- blame, fault culpability, culpable, culprit, exculpate, exculpatory, inculpable, inculpate, inculpatory, mea culpa culter cultr- knife colter, coulter, cultellus, cutlass, cutler, cutlery †cultellus cultell- cūlus cul- buttocks culet, culottes, recoil cumulus cumul- heap accumulate, accumulation, accumulator, cumulate, cumulative, cumulativity, cumuliform, cumulose, cumulous, cumulus cūnae cūn- cradle cunabula, incunable, incunabula, incunabular, incunabulum cuneus cune- wedge coign/coigne, coin, cuneate, cuneiform, cuneus, encoignure, obcuneate, precuneus, quoin, sconcheon/scuncheon cūpa cūp- tub, goblet, cask cooper, cooperage, cup, cupel, cupellation, cupola, cupule †cūpella cūpell- †cūpula cūpul- cura cur- care accuracy, accurate, assecure, assurance, assure, curable, curate, curative, curator, cure, curettage, curette, curio, curiosity, curious, ensure, inaccurate, incurable, insecure, insecurity, insurability, insurable, insurance, insure, pococurante, proctor, proctorage, procurable, procuracy, procuration, procurator, procure, procurement, proxy, reassurance, reassure, reinsurance, reinsure, scour, scourage, secure, security, sinecural, sinecure, sure, surety currus curr- chariot corral, curule curtus curt- shortened curt, curtail, curtate, decurt curvus curv- bent curb, curvate, curvation, curvature, curve, curviform, curvilinear, curvity, incurvate, incurvature, incurve, recurvate, recurve, recurvous cuspis cuspid- tip bicuspid, bicuspidate, cusp, quadricuspid, tricuspid custos custod- guardian custodial, custodian, custody, noncustodial cutis cut- hide, skin cutaneous, cuticle, cuticolor, cuticular, cutin, cutis, cutisector, subcutaneous †cuticula cuticul- damnum damn-
-demn- harm condemn, condemnation, damage, damnation, damnific, damnify, indemnification, indemnify, indemnity decem decem- ten dean, deanery, decan, decanal, December, decemfid, decempedal, decemvirate, decemviri, decennary, decennial, decennium, decuple, decurion, decurionate, decury, dicker, doyen, doyenne decimus decim- tenth decimal, decimate, decimation, dime decus decor- decor, décor, decorament, decorate, decoration, decorative, decorator, decorous, decorum, redecorate deni den- ten each denar, denarian, denarius, denary, denier, dinar, dinero, dinheiro dens dent- tooth bident, bidental, dental, dentate, denticity, denticle, denticulate, dentiferous, dentiform, dentifrice, dentil, dentin, dentinal, dentition, denture, indent, indentation, indenture, interdental, intradental, multidentate, quadridentate, trident, tridentate †denticulus denticul- densus dens- thick condensable, condensate, condensation, condense, dense, density, nondense deter
• dēterior
• dēterrimus deter-
• deterior-
• deterrim- • worse
• worst • deterior, deteriorate, deterioration
• deus de- god deicidal, deicide, deific, deification, deiform, deity dexter
• dexterior
• dextimus dextr-
• dexterior-
• dextim- right ambidextrous, dexterity, dexterous, dextral, dextrality, dextrin, dextrorse, dextrose
•
• diēs diē- day adjourn, adjournment, aggiornamento, antemeridian, circadian, dial, diary, diurnal, diurnality, infradian, jornada, journal, journey, meridian, meridional, nundinal, per diem, postmeridian, quotidian, semidiurnal, sojourn, transmeridional, triduan, triduum, ultradian digitus digit- finger, toe bidigitate, digit, digital, digitate, digitiform, digitigrade, multidigit, multidigitate dignus dign- worthy condign, deign, dignify, dignitarial, dignitary, dignity, disdain, indign, indignance, indignant, indignation, indignity dirus dir- fearful dire discipulus discipul- student disciple, disciplinarian, disciplinary, discipline, interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, transdisciplinarity divus div- god divination, divinatory, divine, divinity dominus domin- lord beldam/beldame, codomain, codominance, codominant, condominium, dam, dame, damsel, demesne, demoiselle, domain, dominance, dominant, dominate, domination, dominative, dominator, dominatrix, domine, domineer, dominicide, dominion, dominium, domino, duenna, madam, madame, mademoiselle, madonna, predominance, predominant, predominate, semidominance, subdominant, superdominant domus dom- house domal, dome, domestic, domesticate, domestication, domesticity, domestique, domicile, domiciliary, major-domo, semidome dōnum dōn- gift condonation, condone, donation, donative, donator, donatory, pardon, pardonable dorsum dors- back disendorse, dorsal, dorsum, dossier, endorse, endorsee, endorsement, indorse, indorsement, reredos dos dot- dowry dotal, dotation dowager dowry endow endowment drappus drapp- cloth drab, drape, drapery dulcis dulc- sweet billet-doux, dolce, dolcetto, douce, doux, dulcet, dulcian, dulcify, dulcimer, edulcorant, edulcorate, subdulcid duo du- two deuce, doubt, dual, duality, dubiety, dubious, duet, duo, duplex, duumvirate, duumviri, nonduality duodecim duodec- twelve dozen, duodecennial, duodecillion duodecimus duodec- twelfth duodecimal duodeni duoden- twelve each duodenal, duodenary, duodenum duplus dupl- twofold dobla, double, doubloon, doublure, duplation, duple, redouble, semidouble durus dur- hard dour, durability, durable, duration, durative, duress, durum, endurable, endurance, endurant, endure, indurate, induration, nondurable, obdurate, obduration, perdurable, perdurance, perdure, subdural ebrius ebri- drunk inebriant, inebriate, inebriation, inebriety, sober, sobriety ensis ens- sword ensiferous, ensiform equus equ- horse equestrian, equine eruca eruc- caterpillar eruciform exterus
• exterior
• extremus exter-
• exterior-
• extrem- • outer
• outmost extern, external, externality
• exterior
• extreme, extremity, extremum faba fab- bean faba bean, fabaceous, aquafaba faber fabr- fabric, fabrication, fabricator faenum faen- hay fennel, sainfoin falx falc- sickle defalcation, falcate, falciform fames fam- hunger famine, famish fanum fan- temple profane, profanity fascis fasc- bundle fasces, fascicle, fascicular, fasciculation, fascine †fasciculus fascicul- fatuus fatu- foolish, useless fatuous, infatuation fauces fauc-, -foc- throat faucal, suffocate, suffocation febris febr- fever antefebrile, febrifacient, febriferous, febrifuge, febrile fēlēs fēl- cat felid, Felinae, feline fēlix fēlic- happy felicitations, felicitous, felicity fēmina fēmin- woman effeminacy, effeminate, feminine, feminism, feminist, femininity femur femor- thigh femoral, femur fenestra fenestr- window defenestration ferox feroc- fierce ferocious, ferocity ferrum ferr- iron farrier, farriery, ferrate, ferrite, ferreous, ferrous, ferruginous, ferrugo, nonferrous ferus fer- wild feral, ferine, ferocious, ferocity, fierce festūca festūc- fescue, Festuca festus fest- feast, festal, festival, festive, festivity, festivous, festoon, Festus, fete, fiesta, infestive feudum feud- fee feodary, feudal, feudary, feudatory, subinfeudation fibra fibr- defibrillate, defibrillation, defibrillator, fiber, fibre, fibriform, fibril, fibrillar, fibrillate, fibrin, fibrinous, fibrous, multifibrous †fibrilla fibrill- fībula^{[note 4]} fībul- clasp, fastener fibula, fibular, infibulate, infibulation ficus fic- fig Ficus fidēs fid- faith, trust affiance, affiant, affidavit, confidant, confidante, confide, confidence, confident, confidential, confidentiality, defiance, defiant, defy, diffide, diffidence, diffident, faith, feal, fealty, fiancé, fiancée, fidelity, fiducial, fiduciary, infidel, infidelity, interfaith, multifaith, perfidious, perfidy, prefident fīlia
fīlius fīli-
fīli- daughter
son affiliate, affiliation, affiliative, disaffiliate, disaffiliation, filial, filiate, filiation, filicide, filiety, nonaffiliation filum fil- thread bifilar, defilade, defile, enfilade, filament, filarial, filariform, filet, filiferous, filiform, filigree, fillet, multifilament, profile, unifilar fimbriae fimbri- fimbria, fimbrial, fimbriate, fimbriation, fimbrillate, fringe fimus fim- dung fimicolous fīnis fīn- end, limit affinal, affine, affinitive, affinity, confine, confinement, confines, confinity, define, definiendum, definiens, definite, definition, definitive, equifinality, final, finality, finance, fine, finery, finesse, finis, finish, finite, finito, finitude, indefinite, indefinitude, infinite, infinitesimal, infinitive, infinitude, infinity, nonaffinity, nonfinal, nonfinite, prefinite, raffinate, raffinose, redefine, redefinition, refinance, refine, refinement, refinery, semidefinite, semifinal, superfine, transfinite firmus firm- firm affirm, affirmance, affirmant, affirmation, affirmative, affirmatory, confirm, confirmation, confirmational, confirmatory, disaffirm, disaffirmation, farm, fermata, firmament, infirm, infirmarian, infirmary, infirmity, nonaffirmation, obfirm, obfirmation, reaffirm, reaffirmation, reconfirm, reconfirmation fiscus fisc- basket confiscate, confiscation, confiscatory, fisc, fiscal, fiscus fistula fistul- pipe, tube fistula, fistulate, fistuliform, fistulose, fistulous flaccus flacc- flabby flaccid, flaccidity flagrum flagr- flagellant, flagellar, flagellate, flagellation, flagelliform, flagellin, flagellum, flail, multiflagellate, uniflagellate †flagellum flagell- flamma^{[note 5]} flamm- flame flamage, flambé, flambeau, flamboyance, flamboyant, inflame, inflammable, inflammation, inflammatory, oriflamme flavus flav- yellow flavin, flavivirus, flavonoid floccus flocc- tuft deflocculant, deflocculation, floc, floccillation, floccinaucinihilipilification, floccose, flocculant, floccular, flocculation, floccule, flocculent, floccus, flock †flocculus floccul- flōs flōr- flower counterflory, deflorate, defloration, effleurage, effloresce, efflorescence, efflorescent, fiori, fioritura, fleur-de-lis, fleury, flora, floral, florescence, florescent, floret, floriculture, florid, floridean, floridity, floriferous, floriform, florilege, florilegium, florin, floruit, florulent, flory, flour, flourish, flower, inflorescence, multiflora, multiflorous, pauciflor, pluriflor, uniflorous †floscellus floscell- focus foc- hearth bifocal, confocal, defuel, focaccia, focal, focus, foyer, fuel, fusillade, multifocal, omnifocal, parfocal, refocus, refuel, trifocal, varifocal foedus foeder- confederate, confederation, federacy, federal, federation folium foli- leaf bifoliate, bifoliolate, centifolious, cinquefoil, counterfoil, defoliant, defoliate, defoliation, exfoliant, exfoliate, exfoliation, exfoliative, feuilleton, foil, folate, foliage, foliar, foliate, foliation, foliature, folic, foliferous, folio, foliolate, foliole, foliose, foliosity, folivore, folivorous, folivory, multifoil, multifoliate, octofoil, perfoliate, portfolio, quadrifoliate, quadrifolium, quatrefoil, septifolious, trefoil, trifoliate, trifoliolate, trifolium, unifoliate †foliolum foliol- leaflet follis foll- bellows follicle, follicular, follis, folly, fool, foolery †folliculus follicul- fons font- fountain, spring font, fontal, fontanelle foris for- outdoors afforest, afforestation, deforest, deforestation, disforest, foreclose, foreign, forensic, forest, forfeit, forum, reforest, reforestation fōrma fōrm- form, shape biform, biformity, conform, conformable, conformance, conformant, conformity, counterreformation, deform, deformable, deformation, deformity, disinformation, formable, formal, formality, formant, format, formation, formative, formula, formulary, formulation, inform, informal, informality, informant, information, informative, irreformable, malformation, nonconformance, perform, performance, preform, preformat, reform, reformable, reformat, reformation, reformatory, transform, transformable, transformation, transformational, transformative, triform, triformity, uniform, uniformity †formella formell- †formula formul- formica formic- ant formic formus form- warm fornix fornic- vault fornication, forniciform fors fort- luck fortuitous, fortuity, fortunate, fortune fortis fort- strong comfort, effort, force, forcible, forte, fortification, fortify, fortis, fortissimo, fortitude fovea fove- shallow round depression fovea, foveal, foveole frāter frātr- brother fraternal, fraternity, fratricide, friar, friary fraus fraud- fraud defraud, defraudation, fraud, fraudulent frēnum frēn- bridle frenal, frenate, frenulum, frenum, refrain, refrainment †frenulum frenul- frequēns
• frequentior
• frequentissimus frequent- often frequency, frequent, frequentation, frequentative, infrequency, infrequent fretum fret- strait transfretation, transfrete frīgus frigor- cold frigorific †frīgusculum friguscul- frōns, fruns frond- frond, frondent, frondescence, frondiferous, frondlet, frondose frōns front- brow, forehead affront, affrontive, bifront, confront, confrontation, confrontational, effrontery, front, frontage, frontal, frontier, frontispiece, nonconfrontational, nonfrontal, prefrontal, quadrifrons, transfrontier frustum frust- piece bifrustum, frustule, frustulent, frustulum, frustum †frustillum frustill- †frustulum frustul- frutex frutic- shrub frutescence, frutescent, fruticose, fruticulose, suffrutescent, suffruticose, suffruticulose †fruticulus fruticul- frūx frūg- fruit frugal, frugality, frugiferous, frugivore, frugivorous, frumenty, infrugiferous fulvus
• fulvissimus fulv- tawny fulvic, fulvid, fulvous fūmus fūm- smoke fumacious, fumade, fumage, fumarine, fumarole, fumatorium, fumatory, fume, fumeuse, fumid, fumidity, fumiferous, fumigant, fumigate, fumigation, fumigator, infumate, infumation, perfume, perfumery, suffumigate, suffumigation fundus fund- bottom cofound, defund, found, foundation, foundational, founder, fund, fundament, fundamental, fundoplication, fundus, profound, profundal, profundity †fundulus fundul- fungus fung- mushroom fungal, fungicidal, fungicide, fungiform, fungus fūnis fūn- rope funambulatory, funicle, funicular, funiculate, funiform †fūniculus fūnicul- fūnus funer- funeral, funerary, funerate, funereal fur fur- thief furuncle furca furc- fork bifurcation, fourchette, furcate, furcula, furcular, multifurcate, trifurcate, trifurcation †furcilla furcill- †furcula furcul- furtum furt- theft furtive fuscus
• fuscior fusc- dark fuscation, fuscine, fuscous, infuscate, infuscation, obfuscate, obfuscation, subfuscous fūstis fūst- cudgel fustigate, fustigation †fusticulus fusticul- fūsus fūs- spindle fusain, Fusarium, fusarole, fusee, fuselage, fusilli, fusula, fuze galbus galb- yellow jaundice galea gale- helmet galea, galeate, galeiform galēna galēn- lead ore galena, galenic gallīna gallīn- hen gallinacean, gallinaceous, gallinule †gallīnula gallīnul- gelu gel- congeal, congelation, gel, gelati, gelatin, gelatinous, gelation, gelato, gelée, gelid, gelifluction, gelignite, jellification, jelly geminus gemin- twin bigeminal, bigeminy, gemel, gemelli, gemelliparous, geminal, geminate, gemination, gemini, gimmal, ingeminate, quadrigeminal, trigeminal, trigeminy †gemellus gemell- gemma gemm- bud gem, gemma, gemmaceous, gemmate, gemmiferous, gemmiform, gemmiparous, gemmulation, gemmule, gemmuliferous †gemmula gemmul- gena gen- cheek fixigena, gena, genal, librigena gens gent- gens, genteel, gentile, gentility, gentle, gentrice, gentrification, gentry genū genū- knee genicular, geniculate, geniculation, geniculum, genu, genual, genucubital, genuflect, genuflection, genuflexion †geniculum genicul- genus gener- birth, offspring, creation congener, congeneric, degenerate, degenerative, engender, gender, general, generality, generate, generation, generational, generative, generator, generatrix, generic, generosity, generous, genre, genuine, genus, intergenerational, intergeneric, regenerate, regenerative, subgenre, subgenus, transgender germen germin- sprout germ, germane, germicide, germinal, germinate, germination, nongermane, regerminate gibbus gibb- hump gibbose, gibbosity, gibbous glaber glabr- smooth glabella, glabellar, glabrate, glabrescent, glabrous †glabellus glabell- glacies glaci- ice englacial, glacé, glacial, glaciation, glacier, glacious, glacis, glance, interglacial, interglaciation, postglacial, subglacial, supraglacial gladius gladi- sword gladiate, gladiator, gladiatory, gladiature, gladiolus glāns gland- acorn eglandular, eglandulose, gland, glandiferous, glandula, glandular, glandule, glanduliferous, glandulose, glans †glandula glandul- glēba, glaeba glēb- clod gleba, glebal, glebe, glebosity globus glob- conglobate, global, globate, globe, globose, globosity, globular, globule, globulin, inglobate †globulus globul- glomus glomer- agglomerate, agglomeration, agglomerative, glomerate, glomerular, glomerulation, glomerulus, juxtaglomerular †glomerulus glomerul- gluten glutin- glue agglutinant, agglutinate, agglutination, agglutinative, deglutination, glutelin, gluten, glutinosity, glutinous, nonagglutinative gracilis
• gracilior
• gracillimus gracil- slender engrail, engrailment, gracile, gracility gradus grad- step aggradation, aggradational, aggrade, antegrade, anterograde, centigrade, degradable, degradation, degradational, degrade, degree, digitigrade, gradation, grade, gradient, gradine, gradual, graduality, graduand, graduate, graduation, gree, laterigrade, multigrade, nongraduate, plantigrade, postgraduate, progradation, prograde, retrogradation, retrograde, saltigrade, tardigrade grandis
• grandior
• grandissimus grand- aggrandise, aggrandisement, grandee, grandeur, grandific, grandiloquent, grandiose, grandiosity, grandioso, grandity, grandmaster granum gran- grain degranulation, engrain, filigree, garner, garnet, grain, granary, grange, granger, granite, granivore, granivorous, granivory, granular, granularity, granulate, granulation, granule, grenade, grenadier, grogram, grosgrain, ingrain, multigrain, pomegranate †granulum granul- grātus
• gratissimus grāt- aggrace, agree, agreeable, agreeance, agreement, congratulant, congratulate, congratulations, congratulatory, disgrace, grace, graciosity, gracious, gratify, gratification, gratis, gratitude, gratuitous, gratuity, gratulant, gratulate, gratulation, gratulatory gravis
• gravior
• gravissimus grav- heavy aggravate, aggravation, degravation, gravamen, grave, gravid, gravida, gravidity, gravitas, gravitate, gravitation, gravitational, gravity, grief, grieve, grievance, grievant, grievous, ingravescence, ingravescent, multigravida, multigravidity, nongravitational, nulligravida, primigravida, reaggravate, supergravity grex greg- flock, herd aggregate, aggregation, aggregator, congregate, congregation, congregational, desegregate, desegregation, disaggregate, egregious, gregarious, intercongregational, segregate, segregation grossus
• grossior gross- thick engross, engrossment, grocer, grocery, grosgrain, gross gula gul- gula, gular, gullet, gully, subgular gurges gurgit- demigorge, disgorge, disgorgement, engorge, engorgement, gorge, gorgeous, gorget, ingurgitate, ingurgitation, regurgitate, regurgitation gustus gust- taste disgust, gustatory, gusto, gustoso gutta gutt- drop gout, gutta, guttate, gutter, guttifer, guttiform guttur guttur- throat goitre, guttural hallux halluc- big toe hallucal, hallux hāmus hām- hook hamate, hamiform, hamular, hamulate, hamulus †hāmulus hāmul- harena haren- sand arena, arenaceous, arenite, arenose hasta hast- spear hasta, hastate, hastatic, hastile hebes hebet- blunt, dull hebetate, hebetude hedera heder- ivy Hedera, hederaceous herba herb- grass herbaceous, herbal, herbarium, herbicide, herbivore, herbivorous, herbivory, non-herbal hērēs hērēd- disinherit, heir, hereditable, hereditament, hereditary, heredity, heritability, heritage, inherit, inheritable, inheritance, inheritor, inheritrix, nonhereditary, noninheritable hibernus hibern- hibernacle, hibernal hiems hiem- winter hiemal hircus hirc- goat hircine homō homin- man (human being) bonhomie, homage, hombre, homicide, hominid, homuncular, homunculus, human, humane, humanitarian, humanity, inhuman, inhumane, inhumanity, Nemo, nonhuman, prehuman, subhuman, superhuman, transhuman †homunculus homuncul- honor honor- honor honorable, honorarium, honorary, honorific hortus hort- garden cohort, court, courteous, courtesan, courtesy, courtier, curtain, horticulture hostis host- enemy hostile, hostility humus hum- ground exhumation, exhume, humate, humation, humic, humiliate, humility, inhumation, inhume ignis ign- fire igneous, ignite, ignition imbecillus imbecill- weak imbecile, imbecility inanis inan- inane, inanity inferus
• inferior
• infimus infer-
• inferior-
• infim- • lower
• lowest • inferior, inferiority
• inguen inguin- groin inguinal īnsula īnsul- island insular, insulate, insulation, peninsula, peninsular, isolate, isolation interus
• interior
• intimus inter-
• interior-
• intim- •
• entrail, intern, internal, internality
• interior
• intima, intimacy, intimate, intimation iocus
jocus joc- jest jocular, jocularity, joke †joculus jocul- iūdex
jūdex ^{[note 6]} iūdic- judge adjudicate, adjudication, adjudicative, adjudicator, adjudicatory, extrajudicial, injudicious, judge, judgement, judgment, judgmental, judicable, judicative, judicator, judicatory, judicature, judicial, judiciary, judicious, nonjudicial, prejudge, prejudgment, prejudice, prejudicial iugum
jugum iug- yoke conjugacy, conjugal, conjugate, conjugation, jugal, jugate, jugular iūs iūr- law, right abjuration, abjure, conjure, de jure, jurat, juration, juratory, jurisdiction, jury, justice iuvenis
juvenis juven- young junior, juniorate, juniority, juvenile, juvenilia, juvenility, rejuvenate jejunus jejun- jejunal, jejune, jejunity, jejunum labia labi- lip labial, labium labor labor- toil collaboration, collaborative, collaborator, elaboration, laboratory, laborious labrum labr- lip labrose, labrum lac lact- milk lactate, lactic, lactose lacrima lacrim- tear lachrymose lacus lac- lacuna, lacustrine, lagoon, lake lapis lapid- stone dilapidate, lapidary lassus lass- lassitude latex latic- liquid laticifer latus lat- broad, wide latifoliate, latitude latus later- side collateral, lateral laus laud- praise laud, laudable, Lauds laxus lax- loose laxity, relax lenis leni- gentle leniency, lenient, leniment, lenis, lenition, lenitive, lenitude, lenity lens lent- lentil lens, lenticel, lenticular, lentiform lentus lent- lentic, relent leo leon- lion leonine lepus lepor- hare leporid, leporine levis lev- light (weight) levity, relieve lēx lēg- law alleged, extralegal, illegal, legal, legality, legislation, legislator, privilege liber liber- free illiberal, illiberality, liberal, liberality, liberate, liberation, liberator liber libr- book librarian, library, libretto libra libr- balance, scales deliberate, deliberation, deliberative, equilibrium, libration lignum lign- wood ligneous, ligniform, lignin, lignite, lignose limbus limb- edge limbate, limbic, limbo limes limit- delimit, limes, limit, limitation linea line- line align, collinear, collineation, linea, lineage, linear, linearity, multicollinearity lingua lingu- tongue bilingual, bilinguality, bilinguous, collingual, elinguation, interlanguage, language, ligula, ligular, ligule, lingua franca, lingual, linguiform, linguine, multilingual, prelingual, quadrilingual, sublingual, trilingual †lingula, ligula lingul- lira lir- furrow delirament, delirant, delirate, deliration, deliriant, delirifacient, delirious, delirium littera litter- letter alliteration, alliterative, biliteral, illiteracy, illiterate, literacy, literal, literary, literate, literature, obliterate, obliteration, transliteracy, transliteration, triliteral locus, stlocus loc- place accouchement, bilocation, bilocular, cislocative, collocation, couch, couchant, dislocate, dislocation, interlocal, lieu, local, locale, locality, locate, location, locative, locator, loculament, locular, locule, loculose, loculus, milieu, multilocal, multilocation, multilocular, nonlocal, quasilocal, relocate, relocation, translocal, translocate, translocation, translocative, trilocular, unilocular †locellus locell- †loculus locul- longus
• longior
• longissimus long- long allonge, elongate, elongation, longa, longanimity, longe, longeron, longinquity, longitude, longitudinal, longum, lunge, lungo, oblong, prolong, prolongation, purloin lūbricus lūbric- slippery lubricant, lubricate, lubrication, lubricator, lubricity, lubricous lucrum lucr- gain, profit lucrative, lucre, lucrific †lucellum lucell- lūmen^{[note 7]} lūmin- light dislimn, enlumine, illuminable, illuminance, illuminant, illuminate, illuminati, illumination, illumine, intraluminal, limn, lumen, luminaire, luminal, luminance, luminant, luminaria, luminary, lumination, lumine, luminescence, luminescent, luminiferous, luminosity, luminous, relumine, subluminal, subluminous, superluminal, transillumination, transluminal, ultraluminous lūna^{[note 8]} lūn- Moon circumlunar, cislunar, demilune, interlunar, interlunation, lunar, lunate, lunatic, lunation, lune, lunette, luniform, lunisolar, mezzaluna, mezzelune, plenilunary, semilunar, sublunar, sublunary, superlunary, translunar lupus lup- wolf lupine lūtra lūtr- otter Lutra, lutrine lutum lut- mud lutaceous, lutite lux luc- light elucidate, elucidation, elucubrate, elucubration, lucent, lucid, lucidity, Lucifer, luciferous, lucifugal, noctilucent, pellucid, pellucidity, semipellucid, translucency, translucent, translucid, translucidity, translucidus luxus lux- luxuriant, luxurious, luxury †macula macul- spot immaculate, macula, macular, maculate, maculation, maculature, macule, maculose magister magistr- master maestro, magisterial, magistery, magistracy, magistral, magistrate, magistrature, master, mastery, mistral, quartermaster, remaster magnus
• māior
• maximus magn-
• māior-
• maxim- big, great
• greater
• greatest magnanimity, magnanimous, magnate, magnificent, magnitude
• maestoso, majesty, major, majorate, majordomo, majoritarian, majority, majuscule, mayor, mayoral, mayoralty, semimajor, supermajority
• maxim, maximal, maximum malleus malle- hammer malleability, malleable, mallet malus
• peior
• pessimus mal-
• peior-
• pessim- bad
• worse
• worst dismal, grand mal, malady, malaise, malevolence, malevolent, malice, malicious, malignancy, malignant, nonmalignant, petit mal, premalignant
• impair, impairment, pejoration, pejorative
• pessimal mantum mant- dismantle, dismantlement, manta, mantel, mantelet, mantilla, mantle †mantellum mantell- manus manu- hand amanuensis, Bimana, bimanous, bimanual, mainour, maintain, manacle, manage, manageable, management, managerial, mandamus, mandate, maneuver, manicure, manifer, manifest, manifestation, manifesto, maniform, maniple, manipulation, manner, manual, manuary, manubrium, manuduction, manufacture, manumission, manumit, manus, manuscript, Quadrumana, quadrumanous †manicula manicul- mare mar- sea marinade, marinate, marine, mariner, maritime, submarine, ultramarine Mars marti- Mars martial, Martian māter mātr- mother immaterial, material, materiality, maternal, maternity, matricide, matriculant, matriculate, matrilocal, matrimonial, matrimony, matrix, matron, matter maturus matur- ripe immature, immaturity, maturant, maturate, maturation, mature, maturescent, maturity, premature maxilla maxill- jaw hemimaxilla, hemimaxillectomy, intermaxilla, maxillar, maxillary, maxillate, maxillectomy, maxilliferous, maxilliform, maxillula, premaxilla, septomaxilla, submaxilla, supermaxilla, supramaxilla, zygomaxillare medius medi- middle antemeridian, dimidiate, dimidiation, immediacy, immediate, intermediary, intermediate, intermedio, intermezzo, mean, media, medial, median, mediant, mediation, mediator, mediatrix, mediety, medieval, mediocre, mediocrity, medium, meridian, mezzanine, postmeridian mel mell- honey melliferous, mellific, mellifluence, mellifluent, mellifluous, melliloquent, mellivorous membrum membr- bimembral, dismember, dismemberment, member, membral, membrane, membranous, nonmember, semimembranous, transmembrane memor memor- mindful commemorate, commemoration, commemorative, immemorial, memoir, memorabilia, memorability, memorable, memorandum, memorial, memory, remember, remembrance, rememorate menda mend- blemish emend, emendation mendicus mendic- beggar mendicant, mendicate, mendication, mendicity mens ment- mind comment, commentary, dementia, mental, mentality merus mer- pure mere mēta met- goal mete miles milit- soldier militant, military, militate, militia mīlle mīll- thousand bimillennium, mile, mileage, miliarense, miliaresion, millefeuille, millefiori, millefleur, millennial, millennium, milli-, million, millionaire, millipede, milreis, multimillion, postmillennial, premillennial millēnī millēn- a thousand each bimillenary, millenarian, millenary, postmillenarian millēsimus millēsim- thousandth mil, millesimal mirus mir- admirability, admirable, admiration, admirative, admire, marvel, miracle, miraculous, mirage, Miranda, mirative, mirativity, mirror †miraculum miracul- miser
• miserior
• miserrimus miser- wretched commiserate, commiseration, miser, miserable, misericord, misery †misellus misell- missa miss- Mass missal, missificate mitis
• mitissimus mit- mitigant, mitigate, mitigation modus mod- accommodate, accommodation, accommodative, accommodator, bimodal, bimodality, commode, commodification, commodious, commodity, decommodification, demodulate, demodulation, demodulator, immodest, immodesty, intermodal, intermodulation, modal, modality, mode, model, modern, modernity, modest, modesty, modicum, modification, modify, modiolus, modular, modularity, modulate, modulation, modulator, module, modulo, modulus, multimodal, multimodality, postmodern, postmodernity, Quasimodo, remodel, remodulate, supermodel, trimodal, trimodality, ultramodern, unimodular, unimodularity †modulus modul- moles mol- mass bimolecular, demolition, mole, molecule mollis moll- soft emollient, mollient, mollify, mollitude, mollusc, molluscicide, molluscivore, mollusk mons mont- mountain cismontane, dismount, montage, montane, monticello, monticule, montiform, montigenous, mount, piedmont, submontane, surmount, tramontane, transmontane, ultramontane †monticellus monticell- †monticulus monticul- mora mor- delay demur, demure, demurrage, demurral, moratorium morbus morb- sickness morbid, morbidity mors mort- death immortal, immortality, mortal, mortality, mortician, rigor mortis mortuus mort- dead mortgage, mortuary, morgue, postmortem mōs mōr- custom immoral, immorality, moral, morale, morality, mores, morigerous, morose, morosity mucrō mucrōn- point mucro, mucronate, mucronation, mucronulate, mucronule mūcus mūc- mucic, muciferous, muciform, mucigel, mucilage, mucilaginous, mucivore, mucosa, mucous, muculent, submucosa mulier muli- woman muliebrity, mulierose multa, mulcta mult- penalty mulct multus
• plūs
• plūrimus mult-
• plūr-
• plūrim- many
• more
• most multiplex, multiplicity, multitude
• nonplus, plural, plurality, pluriform, plus, surplus
• plurimal mūlus mūl- mule mular mundus mund- world antemundane, demimondaine, demimonde, extramundane, intramundane, mondain, mondaine, mondial, mondo, mundane, mundanity, ultramundane mūrex mūric- murex, muricate, muriculate muria muri- brine muriate, muriatic murmur murmur- murmur, murmuration, murmurous †murmurillum murmurill- mūrus, moerus mūr- wall antemural, immuration, immure, immurement, intramural, murage, mural mūs mūr- mouse intermuscular, murine, muscular, muscularity, musculature †mūsculus mūscul- musca musc- fly Musca, muscarine, Muscicapa, Muscidae, musciform, mosquito mūscus mūsc- moss mustus must- new must mutilus mutil- mutilate, mutilation, mutilous mūtulus mūtul- modillion intermutule, modillion, mutular, mutule mūtus mūt- mute N–V Citation form Declining stem Meaning English derivatives nāpus nāp- turnip neep nāris nār- nostril internarial, nares, narial, prenarial nāsus nās- nose intranasal, nasal, nasalance, nasality, nonnasal nāvis nāv- ship antenave, naval, nave, navicular, navigable, navigate, navy, nonnavigable †nāvicella nāvicell- †nāvicula navicul- nebula nebul- cloud nebula, nebular, nebulizer, nebulous necesse^{[note 9]} necess- necessary, necessitarian, necessitate, necessitude, necessity, nonnecessity nemus nem- grove nemoral nemorose nemorous nepōs nepōt- nephew grandnephew, nephew, nepoticide, nepotism nervus nerv- innervate, nerval, nervate, nerve, nervose, nervosity, trinervate neuter neutr- neither neutral, neutrality, nonneutrality nīdor nīdor- nidor, nidorose nīdus nīd- nest denidation, niche, nidicolous, nidificate, nidification, nidifugous, nidulant, nidulate †nidulus nidul- niger nigr- black denigrate, denigration, denigrative, denigrator, negrita, nigrities, negrito, negritude, nigrescence, nigrescent, nigrine, nigritude nihil nihil- nothing annihilate, annihilation, annihilator, nihil, nil nodus nod- knot acnode, crunode, denouement, internodal, internode, nodal, node, nodose, nodosity, nodular, nodule, nodulose, tacnode †nodulus nodul- nomen nomin- name agnomen, agnominal, agnomination, binomen, binominal, denomination, denominational, denominative, denominator, ignominious, ignominy, interdenominational, multidenominational, multinominal, nominal, nomination, nominative, nominator, nominee, nondenominational, noun, postnominal, praenomen, prenominal, pronominal, pronoun, redenomination, renown, surnominal, trinomen, trinominal nonageni nonagen- ninety each nonagenarian, nonagenary nonagesimus nonagesim- ninetieth nonagesimal nōnus non- ninth nonary, None, noon norma norm- carpenter’s square abnormal, abnormality, denormal, enormity, enormous, nonnormal, nonnormative, norm, normal, normality, normative, seminorm, seminormal, subnormal noster nostr- our nostrum novem novem- nine November, novennial novemdecim novemdec- nineteen novemdecillion noveni noven- nine each Novena, novenary novus
• novior
• novissimus nov- new innovate, innovation, innovational, innovative, innovator, innovatory, nova, novation, novel, novella, novelty, novice, novitiate, renovatable, renovate, renovation, renovative, renovator, supernova †novellus novell- nox noct- night equinoctial, equinox, noctambulous, noctiluca, noctilucent, noctule, nocturn, nocturnal, nocturnality, nocturne, notturno, seminocturnal, trinoctial nūbēs nūb- cloud enubilate, enubilous, nuance, nubilose, nubilous, obnubilate nudus nud- naked denudation, denude, nonnude, nude, nudity, seminude, seminudity nugae nug- trifles nugacious, nugacity, nugation, nugatory nūmen nūmin- nod numen, numinous numerus numer- number denumerable, enumerable, enumerate, enumeration, enumerative, enumerator, equinumerant, equinumerous, innumerable, innumeracy, innumerate, innumerous, nonenumerative, numerable, numeracy, numeral, numerary, numerate, numeration, numerative, numerator, numerical, numero, numerosity, numerous, renumerate, supernumerary nux nuc- nut enucleate, enucleation, extranuclear, internuclear, intranuclear, nucament, nucellus, nucifer, nuciferine, nuciferous, nuciform, Nucifraga, nucivorous, nuclear, nucleate, nucleation, nucleus, nucleolar, nucleolate, nucleolus †nucula nucul- octāvus octav- eighth octaval, octave, octavo octō oct- eight octal, octangular, octavalent, octennial, October, octofid, octopartite, octuped, octuple, octuplet, octuplicate octōdecim octodecim- eighteen octodecillion, octodecimo octogeni octogen- eighty each octogenarian, octogenary octōgēsimus octogesim- eightieth octogesimal octōni octon- eight each octonary, octonion oculus ocul- eye binocular, circumocular, inoculation, intraocular, inveigle, ocular, oculus †ocellus ocell- odium odi- hatred annoy, ennui, odious, odium odor odor- deodorant, malodor, malodorous, odoriferous, odorous oleum ole- oil oleose, oleosity, oleum omen omin- abominable, abomination, omen, ominous omnis omn- all omnibenevolence, omniform, omnipotence, omnipresence, omniscience, omnivore onus oner- burden, load exonerate, exoneration, onerous, onus opacus opac- shady opacity, opaque ops op- copious, inopulent, opulence, opulent opus oper- work chef-d’oeuvre, cooperate, cooperation, cooperative, hors d’oeuvre, inoperable, interoperability, interoperable, inure, inurement, manoeuvre, oeuvre, opera, operability, operable, operand, operant, operate, operation, operational, operative, operator, operose, operosity, opus, opuscule, postoperative, preoperative †opusculum opuscul- orbis orb- ring deorbit, orb, orbicle, orbicular, orbiculate, orbit, orbital, postorbital, suborbital, superorbital †orbiculus orbicul- ordo ordin- order coordinal, coordinate, coordination, disorder, extraordinary, incoordinate, incoordination, infraorder, inordinate, inordination, insubordinate, insubordination, ordain, ordainment, order, ordinal, ordinance, ordinary, ordinate, ordination, ordinative, ordnance, ornery, parvorder, preordain, preorder, preordination, quasiorder, reordain, reorder, reordination, suborder, subordinate, subordination, superordain, superorder, superordinate, superordination os or- mouth adorable, adoral, adoration, adore, adosculation, exorable, inexorable, inosculate, inosculation, interosculate, intraoral, oral, oration, orator, oratorio, oratory, orifice, oscitate, oscitation, osculant, oscular, oscularity, osculate, osculation, osculator, osculatory, osculatrix, oscule, osculum †osculum oscul- os oss- bone exossation, interosseous, osseous, ossicle, ossicular, ossiferous, ossification, ossifrage, ossify, ossuary †ossiculum ossicul- ōscen ōscin- songbird oscine ostium osti- ostiary, ostiolar, ostiole, ostium †ostiolum ostiol- otium oti- leisure negotiable, negotiate, negotiation, nonnegotiable, otiose, otiosity, renegotiate, renegotiation ovis ov- sheep ovile, ovine †ovicula ovicul- ovum ov- egg oval, ovarian, ovary, ovicapsule, ovicidal, ovicide, oviduct, oviferous, oviform, oviposition, ovipositor, ovolo, ovular, ovulation, ovulatory, ovule, ovum, pluriovulate †ovulum ovul- pagus pag- pagan, paisano, peasant, peasantry pala pal- spade palette palatum palat- roof of the mouth impalatable, palatability, palatable, palatal, palate palla pall- covering, cloak circumpallial, pall, pallial, palliate, palliative, pallium pālus pāl- stake impale, impalement, pale, palisade, pole, travail pălus palūd- marsh paludose paluster palustr- palustral, palustrine panis pan- bread accompaniment, accompany, appanage, companion, company, empanada, impanate, pannier, pantry pannus pann- empanel, impanel, pane, panel, repanel, subpanel panus pan- panicle †panicula panicul- papaver papaver- poppy papaveraceous, papaverine papilio papilion- butterfly pavilion par par- equal comparative, comparator, disparage, disparagement, parity, disparity, impar, imparity, nonpareil, pair, par, parile, parity, peer, peerage, subpar, umpire parcus parc- parcity paries pariet- wall biparietal, parietal pars part-
-pert- piece apart, apartment, apportion, apportionment, bipartient, bipartisan, bipartite, bipartition, champerty, compart, compartition, compartment, compartmental, coparcenary, coparcener, counterpart, counterparty, depart, department, departmental, departure, dispart, disproportionate, equipartition, ex parte, impart, impartial, intraparty, jeopardous, jeopardy, multipartite, nonpartisan, parcel, parcenary, parcener, parse, partial, partiality, participate, participle, particle, particular, particularity, particulate, partisan, partita, partite, partition, partitive, partner, party, passel, portion, proportion, proportional, proportionality, purpart, purparty, quadripartite, reapportion, reapportionment, repartee, repartition, superparticular, tripartient, tripartite, unipartite †particella particell- †particula particul- parvus
• minor
• minimus parv-
• min-
• minim- small
• less
• least parvifoliate, parvity, parvovirus
• administer, administration, administrative, administrator, administratrix, maladminister, minister, ministerial, ministrant, ministrative, ministry, minor, minority, minstrel, minstrelsy, minus, minuscule, semiminor
• minim, minimal, minimum passer passer- sparrow passerine passus pass- compass, encompass, pace, passage, passant, passement, passementerie, passenger pater patr- father Jupiter, paternal, paternity, patrician, patrilineal, patrilocal, patrilocality, patrimonial, patrimony, patron, patronage, perpetrate, repatriation paucus pauc- few paucal, pauciloquent, paucity, poco pauper pauper- impoverish, impoverishment, pauperage, poor, poverty pausa paus-
pos- compose, composure, counterpose, counterproposal, disposable, disposal, dispose, disposure, exposal, expose, exposé, exposure, imposable, impose, imposure, interposal, interpose, multipurpose, opposable, opposal, oppose, posada, pose, poseur, poseuse, predispose, proposal, propose, purpose, reimpose, reposal, repose, repurpose, supposal, suppose, transposable, transposal, transpose pavo pavon- peacock pavone, pavonine pax pac- peace appease, appeasement, copayment, pacific, pacify, pay, payment, repay, repayment pectus pector- chest pectoral pecu pecu- impecunious, peculiar, pecuniary penna penn- feather pen, pennage, pennate, penniform, pennigerous, pennon perca perc- perch Perca, Percidae, perciform, percoid, Percoidea persona person- person impersonate, impersonation, impersonator, person, personable, personage, personal, personality, personification, subpersonality, transpersonal pēs ped- foot biped, bipedal, expedient, expedite, expedition, impeach, impeachment, impediment, inexpedient, oppidum, pawn, pedal, pedestal, pedestrian, pedicel, pedicle, pedicure, pediform, pedigerous, pedigree, peon, peonage, piedfort, piedmont, pioneer, quadruped, quadrupedal, tripedal †pediculus pedicul- pestis pest- pest pesticide, pestiferous, pestilence pila pil- ball pellet, pelota, peloton, pill †pilula pilul- pileus pile- cap Pilea, pileate, pileum, pileus pilus pil- hair depilation, depilatory, epilation, piliferous, piliform, pilose, pilosity pinna pinn- feather panache, pinnacle, pinnal, pinnate, pinniform, pinniped †pinnaculum pinnacul- pinus pin- pine, pineal pirus pir- pear piriform piscis pisc- fish pisces, pisciform, piscine, piscivore pius pi- dutiful piety, pious, pittance, pity pix pic- Picea, picene, piceous, pitch planca planc- plank planch planta plant- sole implant, implantable, implantation, plant, plantar, plantation, plantigrade, supplant, supplantation, transplant, transplantation planus plan- flat applanate, applanation, complanar, complanate, coplanar, coplanarity, esplanade, explain, explanation, explanatory, piano, pianoforte, plain, plaintext, planar, planary, planate, planation, plane platea plate- place displace, displacement, emplacement, piazza, placement, plaza, replace, replacement, transplace plēbs pleb- common people plebeian, plebiscite, plebs plenus plen- full plenary, plenipotent, plenipotentiary, plenish, plenishment, plenitude, plenitudinous, plenum plūma plūm- feather deplumation, deplume, displume, plumage, plume, plumose, plumosity, plumulaceous, plumular, plumule, plumulose, semiplume, superplume †plūmula plūmul- plumbum plumb- lead plumb, plumbaginous, plumbago, plumbeous, plummet, plunge, replumb pluvia pluvi- rain compluvium, displuviate, impluvium, plover, pluvial, pluviosity pōculum pōcul- cup poculent, poculiform †pōcillum pōcill- pollen pollin- polenta, pollen, pollinate, pollination, pollinator, polliniferous pollex pollic- thumb pollex, pollical, pollicate, prepollex pondus ponder- weight imponderable, ponder, ponderable, ponderance, ponderation, ponderosa, ponderosity, ponderous, pound, preponderance, preponderate pons pont- bridge pons, pontage, pontic, pontile, pontine, pontonier, pontoon, punt populus popul- depopulate, depopulation, people, populace, popular, popularity, populate, population, pueblo, repopulate, repopulation, subpopulation †popellus popell- pōpulus pōpul- poplar populetum, Populus porca, porcus porc- pig porcine, porcupine, pork porta port- gate anteporch, anteport, anteportico, porch, portal, portcullis, portico, portière †portula portul- portus port- importune, importunity, opportune, opportunity, port posterus
• posterior
• postremus poster-
• posterior-
• postrem- •
• posterity
• a posteriori, posterior, posteriority
• postremogeniture potis pot- compossible, idempotence, idempotent, impossible, impotence, impotency, impotent, nilpotence, nilpotent, posse, possible, potence, potency, potent, potentate, potential, potentiality, puissance, puissant, subpotency, superpotency, superpotential, unipotent prandium prandi- lunch prandial, preprandial pravus prav- crooked depravity pretium preti- price appreciate, appreciation, depreciation, precious prex prec- prayer preces prior
• prīmus prior-
• prīm- former
• first a priori, prior, priority, priory, subprior
• prima facie, primacy, primal, primary, primate, prime, primer, primine, primitive, primogeniture, primordial, primrose, Primula, subprimal, subprime privus priv- own privacy, private, privy probrum probr- opprobrium probus prob- approbation, approval, approve, improbability, improbable, probability, probable, proband, probate, probation, probationary, probative, probity, reprobate, reproval prope
• propior
• proximus prop-
• propior-
• proxim- near, nigh
• nearer
• nearest propinquity, propitiation, propitiatory, propitious
• approach, rapprochement, reproach
• proximal, proximate, proximity proprius propri- proper appropriate, appropriation, impropriety, inappropriate, propriety prunus prun- plum prune publicus public- public, publican, publication, publicity puer puer- boy puerile, puerility, puerperant pulcher pulchr- beautiful pulchritude, pulchritudinous pullus pull- poultry, pullet, pullorum, pullulate, pullulation, repullulate, repullulation †pullulus pullul- pulmo pulmon- lung extrapulmonary, intrapulmonary, pulmonary pulvinus pulvin- cushion, pillow pulvilli, pulvinar, pulvinated, pulvinus pulvis pulver- dust, powder pulverize, pulverulence, pulverulent pumex pumic- pumice stone pumicate, pumice, pumiceous, pumiciform, pumicite pupa pup- doll pupae, pupal, puparium, pupation, pupil purus pur- pure depurate, depuration, impure, impurity, pure, purification, purity pus pur- pus purulence, purulent quadrageni quadragen- forty each quadragenarian, quadragenary quadrāgēsimus quadrāgēsim- fortieth Quadragesima, quadragesimal quadrāgintā quadrāgint- forty quarantine quadrini quadrin- four each carillon, carillonneur, quadrin quadrum, quadrus quadr- square biquadrate, biquadratic, cadre, conquadrate, escadrille, intrasquad, quadrance, quadrate, quadratic, quadratrix, quadrature, quadrel, quadric, quadrille, quarry, squad, squadron, squarable, square, subsquadron †quadrellus quadrell- quartus quart- fourth inquartation, interquartile, quadroon, quart, quartal, quartan, quartary, quarter, quartet, quartic, quartile, quartine, quarto, semiquartile quaternī quatern- four each biquaternion, quatern, quaternary, quaternate, quaternion, quaternity, quire quattuor quadr- four quadrangle, quadrennial, quadriceps, quadrifarious, quadrifid, quadrifolium, quadrifrons, quadrilateral, quadrilingual, quadriliteral, quadrillion, quadrinational, quadrinodal, quadrinomial, quadrinominal, quadripara, quadrireme, quadrisection, quadrivalent, quadrivium, quadruped, quadruple, quadruplet, quadruplex, quadruplicate, quatrain, quatre, quatrefoil quattuordecim quattuordecim- fourteen quatorzain, quatorze, quattuordecillion quiēs quiēt- rest acquiesce, acquiescence, acquiescent, acquit, acquittal, acquittance, inquietude, quiescence, quiescent, quiet, quietude, quietus, quit, requiem, requiescat, requital, requite, requitement quīndecim quīndecim- fifteen quindecennial, quindecillion, quindecimal, quindecimvir, quinzaine, quinze quindēni quindēn- fifteen each quindenary quingēnī, quingentēnī quingēn- five hundred each quingenary quīnī quīn- five each biquinary, quinarius, quinary, quinate quinquageni quinquagen- fifty each quinquagenarian, quinquagenary quintus quint- fifth biquintile, quint, quinta, quintal, quintan, quintant, quinte, quintessence, quintessential, quintic, quintile, quintipara, quintus, semiquintile radius radi- ray, spoke biradial, circumradius, interradial, irradiance, irradiate, irradiation, multiradial, nonradiative, nonradioactive, radial, radian, radiance, radiant, radiation, radiator, radio, radioactive, radioactivity, radius, raion, ray, semiradial, transradial rādīx rādīc- root biradical, deracinate, deracination, eradicable, eradicate, radical, radicand, radicant, radicate, radicel, radicle, radicular, radicule, radiculose, radish, ultraradical †radicula radicul- rāmus rām- branch biramous, ramada, ramage, ramal, ramate, ramification, ramiform, ramon, ramose, ramosity, ramulose, ramulus, ramus, ramuscule, uniramous †rāmulus rāmul- rāna rān- frog ranula, ranunculaceous, ranunculus †rānula rānul- †rānunculus rānuncul- rāpa, rāpum rāp- turnip rape, ravioli †rāpulum rāpul- remus rem- oar bireme, quadrireme, quinquereme, remex, remiform, remiges, remigial, remiped, sexireme, trireme rēn ren- kidney adrenal, renal, reniform res re- thing irrealis, real, reality, surreal rete ret- net reticle, reticular, reticulate, reticulation, reticule, retiform, retina †reticulum reticul- rēx rēg- king interregnum, regal, regalia, regality, regency, regent, regicide, regious, reguline, reign, royal, viceroy †regulus regul- ripa rip- bank arrival, arrive, arrivé, riparian, river, riverine, riviera, transriverine ritus rit- rite ritual rivus riv- brook corrival, corrivation, derivation, derivative, derive, nonrivalrous, rival, rivality, rivalrous, rivalry, rivose, rivulet, Rivulus †rivulus rivul- rōbor rōbor- oak corroborant, corroborate, corroboration, corroborative, corroborator, robust rōs rōr- dew irrorate, irroration rosa ros- rose primrose, rosacea, rosaceous, rosarian, rosarium, rosary, rosé, roseola, rosette, rosulate, sub rosa †rosula rosul- rōstrum rōstr- beak, prow brevirostrate, curvirostral, lamellirostral, rostellate, rostelliform, rostellum, rostral, rostrate, rostriform, rostrulum, rostrum †rostellum rostell- †rostrulum rostrul- rota rot- wheel circumrotation, contrarotation, rondeau, rondel, rondo, rotary, rotation, rotational, rotelle, rotifer, Rotifera, rotiferous, rotiform, rotula, rotund, rotunda, rotundifolious, rotundity, roulette, round, roundel, rowel †rotella rotell- †rotula rotul- ruber rubr- red erubescence, erubescent, rubella, Rubio, rubious, rubric, rubricate, rubrication, rubricator, ruby †rubellus rubell- rūdis rūd- rude erudiate, erudite, erudition, rudiment, rudimentary, rudity rūdus rūder- rubbish ruderal rūfus rūf- red rufescence, rufescent, rufous ruga rug- wrinkle arroyo, corrugant, corrugate, corrugation, erugate, rugose rūmen rūmin- throat rumen, rumenic, ruminal, ruminant, ruminate, rumination, ruminator rūpēs rūp- crag, rock rupestrine, rupicolous rūs rūr- countryside, farm nonrural, roister, roisterous, rural, rustic, rusticate, rustication, rusticity sacer sacr-
-secr- sacred consecrate, consecration, deconsecration, desecration, desecrator, execrable, execrate, execration, inexecrable, obsecrate, reconsecrate, sacrament, sacrifice, sacrificial, sacrilege, sacrilegious, sacristy, sacrosanct, saint, sanctimony, sanction, Sanctus, Tersanctus saeculum saecul- nonsecular, secular, secularity saepēs saep- hedge septal, septarium, septate, septiform, septifragal, septulate, septulum, septum, transept, transeptal, uniseptate saeta, sēta saet- bristle searce, seta, setaceous, setal, setaria, setiferous, setiform, setigerous, setireme, setose †saetula saetul- sagina sagin- fatten saginate, sagination sal sal- salt desalinate, desalination, salami, salary, saline, salinity, salsa, sauce, saucisson, sausage sanguis sanguin- blood consanguineous, sangfrois, sanguinaceous, sanguinary, sanguine sanus san- sound insane, insanity, sanatorium, sane, sanity saxum sax- rock saxatile, saxicavous, saxicoline, saxifrage, saxifragous sēdecim sēdecim- sixteen sedecimal sēdēnī sēdēn- sixteen each sedenion semen semin- seed disseminate, dissemination, disseminative, disseminator, disseminule, inseminate, insemination, semen, seminal, seminar, seminarian, seminary, seminiferous, seminific, seminivorous, seminose semis semi- half semiannual, semicolon, semiconductor, semiconscious, seminatural senex sen- old man senate, senator, senile, senility, senior, seniority seni sen- six each senary septem sept- seven septangular, September, septemfid, septemfluous, septemvir, septennial, septifarious, septilateral, septinsular, septireme, septivalent, septuple, septuplet, septuplicate septeni septen- seven each septenary septimus septim- seventh septimal, septime sex sex- six semester, sexangle, sexangular, sexavalent, sexennial, sexennium, sexireme, sexivalent, sexpartite, sexradiate, sextain, sextuple, sextuplet sexageni sexagen- sixty each sexagenarian, sexagenary sexagesimus sexagesim- sixtieth sexagesimal sextus sext- sixth bissextile, bissextus, semisextile, sestet, sestina, Sext, sextain, sextan, sextans, sextant, sextary, sextic, sextile, sextillion, siesta, sixte †sextula sextul- sibilus sibil- hiss assibilate, assibilation, persiflage, sibilance, sibilant, sibilate, sibilation, sibilous siccus
• siccior sicc- dry demi-sec, desiccant, desiccation, exsiccant, exsiccate, exsiccation, exsiccator, exsiccatum, sec, siccant, siccation, siccative, siccific sidus sider- constellation consider, considerable, considerate, consideration, desiderate, desideration, desiderative, desideratum, desideria, desirability, desirable, desire, Desiree, inconsiderable, inconsiderate, inconsideration, reconsider, reconsideration, sidereal signum sign- mark, sign adsignify, assign, assignable, assignat, assignation, assignee, assignment, consign, consignable, consignation, consignee, consignment, cosign, cosignatory, countersign, countersignal, countersignature, design, designate, designation, designative, designator, designatory, designee, ensign, insignia, insignificance, insignificant, nonsignatory, re-sign, reassign, reassignment, redesign, redesignate, redesignation, reseal, resealable, resign, resignation, sain, seal, sealable, sealant, sigil, sigillary, sigillate, sigla, sign, signaculum, signage, signal, signalment, signate, signation, signatory, signature, signee, signet, significance, significant, signification, significative, significavit, signum †sigillum sigill- silva silv- forest sylvan, silviculture similis simil- like assimilate, assimilation, similar, similarity, simile, similitude, verisimilitude sincerus sincer- insincere, insincerity, sincere, sincerity singulus singul- one each single, singularity, singulation, singulative sinister sinistr- left sinister, sinistral sinus sinu- curve insinuation, sine, sinus, sinuose, sinuosity, sinuous soccus socc- slipper sock †socculus soccul- socius, socia soci- associate, association, associative, consociate, consociation, consociational, disassociate, disassociation, dissociable, dissocial, dissociate, dissociation, dissociative, interassociation, nonassociative, sociability, sociable, social, sociality, sociative, societal, society sol sol- sun circumsolar, extrasolar, insolate, insolation, solar, solarium, soliform, soliscence, solstice, subsolar solidus solid- nonsolid, quasisolid, semisolid, sol, solder, soldier, soldiery, soldo, solid, solidarity, solidary, solidification, solidity, solidus, sou solium soli- seat soil, soilure, subsoil solum, solea sol- bottom aridisol, entresol, inceptisol, insole, sole, soleus, solifluxion, solum solus sol- alone, only desolate, desolation, desolatory, saudade, sole, soliloquy, solitaire, solitary, solitude, solitudinarian, solitudinous, solivagous, solo, sullen somnium somni- dream somnial somnus somn- sleep insomnia, somnifacient, somniferous, somnific, somniloquy, somnolent sonus son- sound absonant, ambisonic, assonance, assonant, assonate, consonance, consonant, consonous, dissonance, dissonant, inconsonance, inconsonant, infrasonic, infrasound, resonance, resonant, resonate, resound, sonance, sonant, sonnet, sonorant, sonority, soun, sound, subsonic, supersonic, triconsonantal, ultrasonic, ultrasound, unison, unisonal, unisonant, unisonous sopor sopor- deep sleep sopor, soporific soror soror- sister cousin, sororal, sororate, sororicide, sorority sors sort- lot consort, consortial, consortium, sort, sortition, subsort †sorticula sorticul- spatium spati- space interspace, interspatial, space, spatial, spatiate, subspace spēs spēr- hope despair, desperado, desperate, desperation, esperance, prosper, prosperity, prosperous spica spic- ear of grain spica, spicate, spicose, spicosity, spicular, spiculate, spicule, spiculiform †spiculum spicul- spina spin- thorn infraspinate, infraspinatus, interspinal, spinal, spine, spinel, spinescent, spiniferous, spiniform, spinose, spinous spūma spūm- foam despumate, despumation, spoom, spumante, spume squāma squām- scale desquamate, desquamation, desquamative, squamate, Squamella, squamiform, squamosal, squamose, squamous, squamule, squamulose, subsquamosal, supersquamosal †squāmula squāmul- squarrōsus squarrōs- squarrose, squarrulose squātina squātin- angel shark Squatina stagnum stagn- restagnant, restagnate, restagnation, stagnancy, stagnant, stagnate, stagnation stella^{[note 10]} stell- star circumstellar, constellation, interstellar, quasistellar, stellar, stellate, stellation, stelliferous, stelliform, stellula, stellular, substellar sterilis steril- nonsterile, sterilant, sterile, sterility stilus^{[note 11]} stil- stiletto, stiliform, style, stylet, stylus stimulus stimul- costimulation, costimulatory, stimulate, stimulation, stimulative, stimulator, stimulus stipes stipit- etiolate, etiolation, exstipulate, instipulate, stipe, stipel, stipellate, stipes, stipitate, stipitiform, stipular, stipule, stubble †stipella stipell- †stipula stipul- stips stip- stipend stiria stiri- drop distill, distilland, distillate, distillation, distillery, stillatitious, stillatory †stilla still- stirps stirp- extirpate, extirpation strēnuus strenu- strenuity, strenuous stria stri- furrow extrastriate, striate, striation, striatum, striature strix strig- owl strigine, Strix stuppa stupp- tow stupeous, stupose stuprum stupr- constuprate, constupration suavis suav- sweet assuage, assuagement, suave, suaviloquent, suaviloquy, suavity sucus
succus succ- juice exsuccous, succulence, succulent sulcus sulc- furrow bisulcate, bisulcous, sulcal, sulcate, sulcation, sulciform, sulcus, trisulcate superus
• superior
• supremus, summus super-
• superior-
• suprem-, sum- over
• higher
• highest insuperable, superable
• superior, superiority
• consummate, sum, summa, summation, summit, summitry, summity, supreme, supremity, supremum supīnus supin- resupinate, resupination, resupine, supinate, supination, supinator, supine, supinity sūra sur- calf sural surdus surd- deaf absurd, absurdity, surd sūrus sur- branch surculate, surculose †sūrculus surcul- sūs su- sow suid, Suidae susurrus susurr- whisper susurrant, susurrate, susurration, susurrous taberna tabern- tabernacle, tabernacular, tavern tabernaculum tabernacul- tabes tab- tabefaction, tabes, tabescence, tabescent, tabid tabula tabul- board tabellion, table, tablet, tabular, tabulate, tabulation, tabulator †tabella tabell- taedium taedi- tediosity, tedium tardus tard- slow retard, retardation, tardy templum templ- temple templar, template tempus tempor- time contemporaneous, contemporary, extemporaneous, tempest, tempo, temporal, temporaneous, temporary tenuis tenu- thin attenuant, attenuate, attenuation, attenuator, extenuate, extenuation, tenuate, tenuifolious, tenuis, tenuity, tenuous terminus termin- boundary coterminous, determinable, determinant, determinate, determination, determinative, determinator, determine, exterminate, extermination, indeterminable, indeterminate, interminable, terminal, terminate, termination, terminative, terminator terni tern- three each tern, ternary, ternate, ternion terra terr- dry land, earth atterration, circumterrestrial, disinter, disinterment, extraterrestrial, extraterritorial, extraterritoriality, inter, interment, parterre, reinter, reinterment, souterrain, subterrane, subterranean, terrace, terracotta, terrain, terran, terrane, terraqueous, terrarium, terrene, terreplein, terrestrial, terricolous, terrier, terrigenous, territorial, territoriality, territory, terroir, tureen tertius terti- third sesquitertian, sesterce, subtertian, Terce, tercet, tercine, tertial, tertian, tertiary, tertiate, tierce testis test- witness attest, attestable, attestation, attestator, contest, contestable, contestant, contestation, counter-protest, detest, detestable, detestation, incontestability, incontestable, intestable, intestacy, intestate, obtest, obtestation, protest, Protestant, protestation, protestator, testacy, testament, testamentary, testamur, testate, testation, testator, testatrix, testicle, testicond, testicular, testiculate, testimonial, testimonium, testimony titulus titul- title disentitle, disentitlement, entitle, entitlement, intertitle, nontitle, retitle, subtitle, tilde, titular, titulary, titulus tōtus tōt- all, whole factotum, subtotal, total, totality, totipotent trēs tri- three trammel, trellis, trey, triangle, triceps, triennial, trillion, triolet, triple, triplet, triplicate, triquetra, triquetrous, triradiate, trireme, triumvirate, trivia tribus trib- attributable, attribute, attribution, attributive, contribute, contribution, contributive, contributor, contributory, deattribute, deattribution, distributable, distributary, distribute, distribution, distributive, distributor, equidistribution, intertribal, nondistributive, redistribute, redistribution, retribute, retribution, retributive, subtribe, tribal, tribe, tribunal, tribune, tributary, tribute tricae tric- tricks extricable, extricate, extrication, inextricable, intricacy, intricate, intrigant, intrigue, treacherous, treachery, trickery trīgēsimus trīgēsim- thirtieth trigesimal trīnī trīn- three each nontrinitarian, trinal, trinary, trine, Trinidad, Trinitarian, trinity tubus tub- tube intubate, intubation, tubal, tubate, tube, tubicolous, tubicorn, tubiform, tubular, tubulate, tubule †tubulus tubul- turba turb- disturb, disturbance, nonperturbative, perturb, perturbance, perturbation, perturbative, trouble, troublous, turbid, turbidity, turbinate, turbine, turbulence, turbulent †turbula turbul- tussis tuss- cough pertussis, tussive ūber ūber- udder exuberance, exuberant, exuberate, uberous, uberty ulcus ulcer- sore nonulcerous, ulcer, ulcerate, ulceration, ulcerative, ulcerous †ulcusculum ulcuscul- ulmus ulm- elm Ulmaceae, ulmaceous, ulmic, Ulmus ulter
• ulterior
• ultimus ultr-
• ulterior-
• ultim- –
• farther
• farmost, farthest –
• ulterior, ulteriority
• penultimate, ultima, ultimate, ultimatum, ultimogeniture umbra umbr- shade, shadow adumbrate, adumbration, inumbrate, penumbra, umbrage, umbrageous, umbrella †umbella unbell- uncia unci- twelfth inch, ounce, quincuncial, uncial uncus unc- hook unciform, Uncinaria, uncinate, Uncinia unda und- wave abound, abundance, abundant, inundate, redound, redundancy, redundant, superabound, superabundance, superabundant, surround, undulant, undulate, undulation, undulatory, undulose undecim undecim- eleven undecimarticulate undeni unden- eleven each undenary unguis ungu- claw, hoof ungual, unguiferous, unguiform, ungular, ungulate †ungula ungul- ūnus ūn- one adunation, biunique, coadunate, coadunation, disunite, disunity, malunion, nonuniform, nonuniformity, nonunion, nonunique, nonunity, onion, reunification, reunion, reunite, triune, unanimity, unanimous, unary, unate, unicorn, unific, unification, uniform, uniformity, union, unique, unite, unity †ūllus^{[note 12]} ūll- urbs urb- city conurbation, interurban, suburb, suburban, urban, urbane ursus urs- bear ursine, Ursus uterus uter- womb extrauterine, transuterine, uterine, uterus †uterculus utercul- ūva uv- grape uvea, uveal, uvula, uvular †ūvula uvul- uxor uxōr- wife uxorial, uxoricide, uxorilocal, uxorious vacca vacc- cow vaccary, vaccination, vaccine, vaquero vacuus vacu- empty avoid, avoidable, avoidance, devoid, evacuate, evacuee, vacant, , vacate, vacation, vacuole, vacuous, vacuum, void, voidable, voidance vadum vad- ford vadose vāgīna vāgīn- sheath extravaginal, invaginate, invagination, transvaginal, vagina, vaginal, vanilla vagus vag- wandering astray, evagation, extravagance, extravagant, extravaganza, extravagate, stray, vagabond, vagary, vagile, vagrant, vague, vagus valgus valg- bow-legged valgus valles
vallis val- valley valley, vale, valles, vallis vallum vall- rampart circumvallate, circumvallation, contravallation, interval, multivallate, vallar, vallate, vallation, vallum valva valv- bivalve, valvate, valve vanus van- empty, vain evanesce, evanescence, evanescent, evanish, vaniloquence, vain, vanish, vanitas, vanity, vaunt varius vari- varying bivariate, contravariance, contravariant, countervair, covariance, covariant, covariate, covariation, intervarietal, invariable, invariance, invariant, miniver, multivariable, multivariate, subvariety, univariate, vair, vairy, variability, variable, variance, variant, variate, variation, variational, variegate, variegation, variegator, varietal, variety, variform, variola, variolation, variorum, various, vary vās vās- vessel extravasate, extravasation, extravascular, intravasate, intravasation, intravascular, vas, vasal, vascular, vasculature, vasculose, vasculum, vase, vasiform, vasoconstriction †vāscellum vāscell- †vāsculum vāscul- vassus vass- servant valet, varlet, vassal, vassalage †vassallus vassall- vastus vast- empty devastate, devastation, vast, vastitude, vastity, wastage, waste vellus veller- fleece vellum, vellus velox
• velocior
• velocissimus veloc- quick, swift velocipede, velociraptor, velocity vēlum vēl- sail, veil reveal, revelation, revelator, revelatory, velamen, velar, velate, veliger, velum, vexil, vexillary, vexillatio, vexillum, voile †vēxillum vēxill- flag vēna vēn- vein devein, intravenous, vein, veinlet, venae cavae, venation, venational, venesection, venipuncture, venisection, venose, venosity, venous, venular, venule, venulose †venula venul- venēnum venēn- envenomation, venenation, venenose, venom, venomous venter ventr- belly eventration, interventricular, subventricular, supraventricular, ventral, ventricle, ventricular, ventriloquy ventus vent- wind ventage, ventail, ventilate, ventilation, ventilator, ventilatory, ventose, ventosity †ventulus ventul- venum ven- venal, venality, vend venus vener- desire venerable, venereal vērātrum vērātr- hellebore veratridine, veratrine, Veratrum verbum verb- word adverb, adverbial, proverb, proverbial, verbal, verbatim, verbiage, verbicide, verbid, verbose, verbosity vermis verm- worm vermeil, vermian, vermicelli, vermicide, vermicular, vermiculate, vermiculation, vermicule, vermiculite, vermiculose, vermiculture, vermiform, vermifuge, vermilion, vermin, verminate, vermination, verminous, vermiparous, vermivore, vermivorous †vermiculus vermicul- vernus vern- spring vernal vērus ver- true veracious, veracity, verify, verisimilitude, veritable, verity, vespa vesp- wasp vespacide vesper vesper- evening vespertine vestigium vestig- trace, track investigate, vestige, vestigial vestis vest- clothing circumvest, disinvest, disinvestment, divest, divestiture, divestment, invest, investiture, investment, reinvest, reinvestment, revest, revet, revetment, transvestite, travesty, vest, vestment, vesture vetus veter- old inveteracy, inveterate, inveteration, veteran, veterovata via vi- way bivial, bivious, bivium, convey, conveyance, convoy, deviance, deviant, deviate, deviation, devious, envoy, impervious, invoice, nontrivial, obviate, obviation, obvious, pervious, previous, quadrivial, quadrivium, semipervious, trivial, triviality, trivium, via, viaduct, vialis, viary, viatical, viaticum, viator, voyage, voyageur viceni vicen-, vigen- twenty each vicenarian, vicenary vīcēsimus vīcēsim- twentieth vicesimary, vicesimate, vicesimation, vigesimal vicis vic- change subvicar, vicar, vicarage, vicarial, vicariance, vicariant, vicariate, vicarious, viceroy, vicissitude, vicissitudinous, viscount, viscountess vicus vic- vicinage, vicinal, vicine, vicinity vīgēsimus vīgēsim- twentieth septemvigesimal, vigesimal vīgintī vīgint- twenty vigintillion, vigintisexviri, vigintivirate, vigintiviri vīlis
• vilior
• vilissimus vīl- cheap, vile revile, revilement, vile, vilification, vilify, vilipend vīlla vīll- country house demivill, intervillage, supervillain, supervillainess, vill, villa, village, villain, villainess, villainous, villainy, villanelle, villatic, ville, villein, villeinage †vīllula vīllul- villus vill- shaggy hair intervillous, velour, velvet, villiform, villose, villosity, villous, villus vindex vindic- avenge, revanche, revenge, vendetta, vengeance, vindicable, vindicate, vindication, vindicator, vindicatory, vindictive vinum vin- wine vignette, vine, viniculture, vinosity vir vir- man (masculine) quadrumvirate, triumvirate, virago, virile, virility, virtue virga virg- rod, twig virga, virgate, virgule vīrus viru- poison virulent, virus viscus viscer- internal organ eviscerate, visceral, viscus vita vit- life revitalize, viable, vital, vitality, vitamin vitium viti- vice, vicious, vitiate vitrum vitr- glass vitreous, vitriol viverra viverr- ferret viverrid, viverrine vola vol- palm volar vox vōc- voice advocacy, advocate, advowson, avocate, avocation, avoke, avouch, avouchment, avow, avowal, avowance, avowant, avowry, convocation, convoke, devoice, disavouch, disavow, disavowal, disavowance, equivocal, equivocation, equivocator, invocation, irrevocable, nonvocal, prevocalic, provocation, revocable, revocation, revoice, revoke, sub voce, univocal, univocalic, univocity, vocable, vocabulary, vocal, vocalic, vocality, vocation, vocational, vocative, vociferant, vociferous, voice, voiceprint, vouch, voucher, vouchment, vouchsafe, vowel †vōcula vōcul- vulgus vulg- crowd divulge, vulgar, vulgarity, vulgate vulnus vulner- wound invulnerability, invulnerable, vulnerability, vulnerable, vulnerary, vulnerose vulpēs vulp- fox vulpecular, vulpicide, vulpine †vulpēcula vulpēcul- vultur vultur- vulture vulture, vulturine, vulturous Citation form Declining stem Meaning English derivatives

Latin prepositions and other words Word Meaning Prefixes Ref. ā, ab away from ab-, a-, abs-, as- ^[2] ad to, toward ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, ap-, ar-, at- ambo both ambi-, am-, amb- ante before ante-, anti- bis twice bi-, bis- circum around circum- cis this side of cis- contrā against, opposite to contra-, contro- cum together, with con-, co-, col-, com-, cor- dē down from de- dexter right, to the right hand dextro- dis-, un- apart dis-, di-, dif-, dir- ex, ē from, out of ex-, e-, ef- extrā outside extra-, extro- in in, into in-, il-, im-, ir- īnfrā below infra- inter among, between inter-, intel- intrā within intra-, intro- iuxtā beside juxta- multus much, many multi- ne no ne-, neg- non-, un- not non- ob, obs toward, against, in the way of, by reason of ob-, o-, oc-, of-, og-, op-, os- paene almost, nearly pen- per thorough, through per-, pel- post after, behind post- prae before pre- praeter by, past preter- prō for, forth, in front of pro-, pol-, por-, prod- re- again, back re-, red- retro backwards retro- sē apart, without se-, sed- sinister left, to the left hand sinistr- sub from below, under sub-, su-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus- subter beneath subter- super above, over super- suprā above, more than supra- trāns across trans-, tra-, tran- ^[3] ultrā beyond ultra- ^[4]^[5] ve- out ve-

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English is a Germanic language which means that unlike the Romance languages (French, Spanish, Italian) the English language does not originate from Latin.

There are however hundreds of English vocabulary words which come from Latin. Many of these have entered the English language as loanwords from French (a large part of French vocabulary words come from Latin)

List of English words which come from Latin

Here is a list of 160 English vocabulary words which come from Latin:

Alien: from Latin aliēnus (which means “outsider” or “foreigner” )
Senior: from Latin senior (meaning “older”), which is the comparative form of senex (meaning “aged”, “old”)
Election : from Latin ēlectiō (meaning “choice” or “selection”)
Extreme: from Latin extrēmus which is the superlative of the Latin word exter (which means “outward”)
Senate: from Latin senātus (meaning “council of elders” or “senate”) itself from the Latin adjective from senex (meaning “old”)
Amateur: from Latin amātōr (meaning “lover”), itself from the Latin verb amāre (which means “to love”)
Aquatic: from Latin aquaticus (meaning “relating to the water”) itself from the Latin word aqua (meaning “water”)
Beneficial: from Latin beneficium (meaning “kindness”, “service” or “favor”)
Claim: from Latin clāmō (which means “to cry out” or “to proclaim””)
Extraordinary: From Latin extrāōrdinārius, itself from extrā ōrdinem (meaning “outside the order”)
Absence: from latin absentia
Family: from Latin familia
City: from Latin cīvitās
General: from Latin generālis
Public: from Latin pūblicus
College: from Latin collēgium
President: from Latin praesidēns
Common: from Latin commūnis
Education: from Latin ēducātiō
Similar: from Latin similis
Single: from latin singulus
Council: from Latin concilium
Final: from Latin fīnālis
Region: from latin regiō
Addition: from Latin additiōnem
Music: from Latin mūsica
Special: from Latin speciālis
Union: from Latin ūniō
Position: from Latin positio
Royal: from Latin rēgālis
Information: from Latin īnfōrmātiō
Male: from Latin masculus
Social: from Latin sociālis
Act: from Latin ācta
Division: from Latin dīvīsiō
Air: from Latin āēr
Active: from Latin activus
Civil: from Latin cīvīlis
Human: from Latin hūmānus
Population: from Latin populatio
Culture: from Latin cultūra
Province: from Latin prōvincia
Structure: from Latin structūra
Station: from Latin statiōnem
Native: from Latin nātīvus itself from the Latin nātus (meaning “birth”)
Professor: from Latin professor
Certain: from Latin certus (meaning “fixed” or “certain”)
Industry: from Latin industria (meaning “activity”, “diligence”)
Distribution: from Latin distributio
Section: from Latin sectiō (meaning “cutting”)
Space: from Latin spatium
Source: from Latin surgō (meaning “to rise”)
Variety: from Latin varietās (meaning “diversity, difference”)
Create: from Latin creātus
Capital: from Latin capitālis (meaning “of the head”)
Operation: from Latin operātiō, itself from the Latin opus which means “work”
Separate: from Latin sēparātus
Museum from Latin mūsēum (meaning “library”, or “study”)
Person: from Latin persōna ( meaning “mask used by actor” or “role”)
Administration: from Latin administratio
Secretary: from Latin secrētārius (meaning “person entrusted with secrets”)
Edition: from Latin ēditiō, itself from the Latin verb ēdere ( meaning “to publish”).
Complex: from Latin complexus
Empire: from Latin imperium, itself from the Latin verb imperare (meaning “to command”)
Competition: from Latin competītiō
Student: from Latin studēns
Increase: from Latin increscere
Conference: from Latin cōnferēns
Cause: from Latin causa
Money: from Latin monēta
Police: from Latin polītīa (meaning “the state”, or “the government”)
Evidence: from Latin evidentia
Justice: from Latin iūstitia
Valley: from Latin vallēs
Experience: from Latin experientia
Material: from Latin māteriālis
Influence: Latin īnfluēns (which means “flowing in”)
Decision: from Latin dēcīsiō itself from the Latin verb dēcīdō (maning “to decide”)
Feature: from Latin factūra itself from the Latin verb faciō (“to do” , “to make”)
Formation: from Latin fōrmātiō
value : from Latin valēre
Continue: from Latin continuāre
Congress: From Latin congressum which is the past participle of the Latin verb congredior ( which means “to come together”)
Creation: from Latin creātiō
Potential: from Latin potentia (meaning “power”)
Marine: from Latin marinus (meaning “of the sea”), itself from the Latin noun mare (meaning “sea”)
Mountain: from Latin montānus, itself from the latin word mōns (meaning “mountain”)
Face: from Latin faciēs (meaning “appearance” )
Ability: from Latin habilitās, itself from the Latin word from habilis (meaning “fit” or “able”)
Necessary: from Latin necessārius (meaning “inevitable”, or “required”)
Distance: from Latin distantia
Double: from Latin duplus (meaning “twofold”)
Figure: from Latin figūra (meaning “shape” or “form”)
Peace: from Latin pāx (meaning “peace”)
Festival: from Latin fēstīvus (meaning “festive”)
Victory: from Latin victōria
Urban: from Latin urbanus
Mayor: from Latin maior (meaning “bigger, greater”), which is the comparative form of the Latin asjective magnus ( meaning “big, great”)
Supreme: from Latin supremus, which is the superlative of the latin word superus (which means “which is above”)
Tradition: from Latin trāditiō
Normal: From Latin normālis (which means “according the rules”)
Generation: from Latin generātiō, itself from generō ( meaning “to generate”)
Liberal: from Latin līberālis
Equal: from Latin aequālis
Institution: from Latin institūtiō
Positive: from Latin positivus
Machine: from Latin māchina
Naval: from Latin nāvālis
Religion: from Latin religiō
Labour: from Latin laborare
Metal: from Latin metallum
Selection: From Latin sēlēctiō
Doctor: from Latin doctor
Mobile: from Latin mōbilis (meaning “moveable”)
Translation: from Latin trānslātiō
Medieval: from the combination of two Latin words, medium (which means “middle”) & aevum ( which means “age”)
Couple: from Latin cōpula
Opinion: from Latin opīniō
Element: from Latin elementum
Exception: from Latin exceptiō
Sequence: from Latin sequentia (“a following”) itself from the latin verb sequi ( which means “to follow”)
Coalition: from Latin coalitiō
Credit: from Latin crēditum
Reputation: from Latin reputationem
Legend: from Latin legenda (meaning “a thing worth reading about”) itself from the Latin verb lego (meaning “to read”)
Merchant: from Latin mercātus (meaning “market”)
Session: from Latin sessiō (meaning “a sitting”)
Diverse: from Latin diversus ( meaning “various”, “different”)
Offensive: from Latin offensivus, itself from the Latin verb offendere (meaning “to offend”)
Ordinary: from Latin ōrdinārius (meaning “regular” or “orderly”) iself from the Latin word ōrdō (meaning “order”)
Noble: from Latin nōbilis
Spiritual: from Latin spiritus
Intention: from Latin intentiō
Regime: from Latin regimen (meaning “direction” or “government”)
Copy: from Latin cōpia
Procedure: from Latin procedere (meaning “to go forward”)
Instrument: from Latin īnstrūmentum
Charity: from Latin cāritās
Variable: from Latin variare (meaning “to change”)
Conclusion: from Latin conclūsiō
Excellent: from Latin adjective excellēns which is the present participle of the latin verb excello (which means “to be eminent” or “to excell”)
Ideal: from Latin ideālis (which means “existing in idea”)
Moral: from Latin mōrālis
Liberty: from Latin lībertās (meaing “freedom”, or “liberty”)
Neutral: from Latin neutralis
Statue: from Latin statua, which itself comes from the Latin verb statuō ( which means “to set up” or “to erect”)
Fortune: from Latin fortūna (which can mean “fate”, “luck”, “prosperity” or “wealth”)
Proportion: from Latin prōportiō
Assume: From Latin assūmō (which means “to accept” or “to take”)
Inclusion: from Latin inclusio, itself from the Latin verb inclūdō
Precise: from Latin praecisus
Destination: From Latin dēstinātiō, itself from the Latin verb dēstinō (which means “to destine”)
Passion: from Latin passio (meaning “suffering”)
Feminine: from Latin fēminīnus, itself from the Latin word fēmina (meaning “woman”)
Glory: from Latin glōria
To compare: from Latin comparare
Color: from latin color
Innocent: from Latin innocens
Examine: from Latin exāmināre
Intelligent: from Latin intellegēns

The reason there are so many English words which come from Latin

As a Germanic language, English did not originate from Latin. The large number of Latin words in English is remarkable given that other Germanic languages (such as German or Norwegian) contain far fewer Latin words.

This linguistic phenomenon has a simple historical explanation.

Many of the Latin vocabulary words found in English have entered the English language as loanwords from French. As a Romance language which is derived from Latin, a large majority (about 80%) of French words come from Latin.

The presence of so many French vocabulary words in the English language is in part due to the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 .

At the time, Old Norman (which is a dialect of French) became the language of the Anglo-Norman government in England. This lasted for several centuries.

During that time this French dialect was widely used in the royal court as well as in the church and the justice system of England.

This historical event had wide ranging linguistic effects on the English language and is the reason why English contains so many words originating from Latin.

How to identify English vocabulary words which come from Latin?

The most reliable way to know if an English vocabulary word originates from Latin is use a dictionary which provides etymological information (information on the origin of words).

Heuristics to determine whether an English word is likely or not to have originated from Latin can be obtained from a basic knowledge of Latin. This is because some letters are not used (or rarely used) in Latin.

For instance, the letter ‘w’ was not part of the classical Latin alphabet, so an English word which contains that letter most likely doesn’t come from Latin.

In addition, the presence of the letter ‘k’ in an English word indicates that the word is unlikely to have come from Latin.

Although the classic Latin alphabet contains the letter ‘k’, it hardly ever appears in Latin vocabulary words. The reason is that in Latin the letter ‘c’ is pronounced like a ‘k’ (There is no soft ‘c’ in Latin). This made the letter ‘k’ redundant and hardly ever used in Latin.

The letter ‘z’ is typically not found in Latin vocabulary words. Although the letter ‘z’ was part of the early forms of the Latin alphabet it disappeared because of sound changes in the Latin language. Later, it was reintroduced to accommodate loanwords from Greek.

An English word which contains the letter ‘z’ is unlikely to have originated from Latin.

English words which end “-ion” are likely to have come from French and previously from Latin.

To learn more about Latin, see this list of the 1000 most common Latin words, and this comparison of Italian and Latin.

Modern English words which come from Latin

Latin is considered to be a dead language which means that it’s no longer the native language of any community. This has been the case for several centuries now.

In spite of this, Latin has been used to create new words especially in scientific and technical fields.

For example, the word “casein” which refers to a protein which is found in milk comes from the Latin word “caseus” meaning cheese.

Another example is the word “lactose” which refers to the sugar found in milk and comes from the Latin word “lac” which means ‘milk’.

Conclusion

There are many English words which are derived from Latin, and most of these have come as loanwords from French.

Understanding the Latin roots of those English vocabulary words, provides linguistic insights and enables us to understand the vocabulary in English and in several other languages.

PS: you can use our free language tool, VocabChat to record your own vocabulary and phrase lists.

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In English grammar, a root is a word or portion of a word from which other words grow, usually through the addition of prefixes and suffixes. By learning root words, you can decipher unfamiliar words, expand your vocabulary, and become a better English speaker.

The Roots of Words

Most words in the English language are based on words from ancient Greek and Latin. The root of the word «vocabulary,» for example, is voc, a Latin root meaning «word» or «name.» This root also appears in such words as «advocacy,» «convocation,» «evocative,» «vocal,» and «vowel.» By dissecting words such as these, etymologists can study how a word has evolved over time and tell us about the cultures they came from.

In some cases, root words might be slightly transformed en route to becoming part of words that we’re familiar with. In the above example, «vowel» is a word that’s clearly related to the voc root and its family of derivative words, and yet the «c» in «voc» is not present. There are several reasons for this sort of pattern, and the changes often depend on what language each individual word comes from, but it serves as a reminder that not every word with the same root will look exactly the same.

Root words are also useful for creating new words, especially in technology and medicine, where new innovations occur frequently. Think of the Greek root word tele, which means «far,» and inventions that traverse long distances, such as the telegraph, telephone, and television. The word «technology» itself is a combination of two other Greek root words, techne, meaning «skill» or «art,» and logos, or «study.»

Because several modern languages share some of the same ancestor languages, it’s not entirely uncommon for several related languages to share root words. For instance, the Latin root voc, described above, is shared by several Romance languages. Connections between languages can be found in the shared roots between them, although one always has to be wary of false cognates — that is, words that sound like they have the same roots (and thus related meanings) but actually don’t.

Greek Root Words

The table below defines and illustrates 25 of the most common Greek roots.

Root	Meaning	Examples
anti	against	antibacterial, antidote, antithesis
ast(er)	star	asteroid, astronomy, astronaut
auto	self	automatic, automate, autobiograph
biblio	book	bibliography, bibliophile
bio	life	biography, biology, biodegradable
chrome	color	monochromatic, phytochrome
chrono	time	chronic, synchronize, chronicle
dyna	power	dynasty, dynamic, dynamite
geo	earth	geography, geology, geometry
gno	to know	agnostic, acknowledge
graph	write	autograph, graphic, demographic
hydr	water	dehydrate, hydrant, hydropower
kinesis	movement	kinetic, photokinesis
log	thought	logic, apologize, analogy
logos	word, study	astrology, biology, theologian
narc	sleep	narcotic, narcolepsy
path	feel	empathy, pathetic, apathy
phil	love	philosophy, bibliophile, philanthropy
phon	sound	microphone, phonograph, telephone
photo	light	photograph, photocopy, photon
schem	plan	scheme, schematic
syn	together, with	synthetic, photosynthesis
tele	far	telescope, telepathy, television
tropos	turning	heliotrope, tropical

Latin Root Words

The table below defines and illustrates 25 of the most common Latin roots.

Root	Meaning	Examples
ab	to move away	abstract, abstain, aversion
acer, acri	bitter	acrid, acrimony, exacerbate
aqu	water	aquarium, aquatic, aqualung
audi	hear	audible, audience, auditorium
bene	good	benefit, benign, benefactor
brev	short	abbreviate, brief
circ	round	circus, circulate
dict	say	dictate, edict, dictionary
doc	teach	document, docile, doctrinal
duc	lead, make	deduce, produce, educate
fund	bottom	founder, foundation, funding
gen	to birth	gene, generate, generous
hab	to have	ability, exhibit, inhabit
jur	law	jury, justice, justify
lev	to lift	levitate, elevate, leverage
luc, lum	light	lucid, illuminate, translucent
manu	hand	manual, manicure, manipulate
mis, mit	send	missile, transmit, permit
omni	all	omnivorous, omnipotent, omniscent
pac	peace	pacify, pacific, pacifist
port	carry	export, import, important
quit	silent, restive	tranquil, requiem, acquit
scrib, script	to write	script, proscribe, describe
sens	to feel	sensitive, sentient, resent
terr	earth	terrain, territory, extraterrestrial
tim	to fear	timid, timorous
vac	empty	vacuum, vacate, evacuate
vid, vis	to see	video, vivid, invisible

Understanding the meanings of the common word roots can help us deduce the meanings of new words that we encounter. But be careful: root words can have more than one meaning as well as various shades of meaning. In addition, words that look similar may derive from different roots.

In addition, a handful of root words can stand on their own as whole words in and of themselves. This list includes words such as photo, kinesis, chrome, port, and script. Words like this tend to have related meanings on their own, then can also act as roots for longer, more complex words.

Sources

Bryant, Alice, and Robbins, Jill. «Grow Your Vocabulary by Learning Root Words.» VOANews.com, 28 November 2017.
Grammarly staff. «Why You Should Learn Roots.» Grammarly.com, 6 February 2016.
McCammon, Ellen. «50 GRE Words You Should Know.» PrepScholar.com, 8 February 2017.

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Although English is a Germanic language, it has Latin influences. Its grammar and core vocabulary are inherited from Proto-Germanic, but a significant portion of the English vocabulary comes from Romance and Latinate sources. A portion of these borrowings come directly from Latin, or through one of the Romance languages, particularly Anglo-Norman and French, but some also from Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish; or from other languages (such as Gothic, Frankish or Greek) into Latin and then into English. The influence of Latin in English, therefore, is primarily lexical in nature, being confined mainly to words derived from Latin and Greek roots.

Early Middle AgesEdit

The Germanic tribes who later gave rise to the English language traded and fought with the Latin speaking Roman Empire. Many words for common objects therefore entered the vocabulary of these Germanic people via Latin even before the tribes reached Britain : anchor, butter, camp, cheese, chest, cook, copper, devil, dish, fork, gem, inch, kitchen, mile, mill, mint (coin), noon, pillow, pound (unit of weight), punt (boat), sack, wall, street, wine.

Christian missionaries coming to Britain in the 6th or and 7th century brought with them Latin religious terms. Some of these words are ultimately of Greek origin, as much of the technical language of Christianity developed from the Greek of the New Testament and the works of those Fathers of the Church who wrote in Greek.

During this time, the Catholic monks mainly wrote or copied text in Latin, the prevalent Medieval Lingua Franca of Europe. However, when monks occasionally wrote in the vernacular, Latin words were translated by finding suitable Old English equivalents. Often, a Germanic word was adopted and given a new shade of meaning in the process. Such was the case with Old English gōdspell («gospel») for Latin Evangelium. Previously, the Old English word simply meant «good news,» but its meaning was extended in Old English to fit a religious context. The same occurred for the Old Germanic pagan word blētsian, which meant «to sacrifice, consecrate by shedding blood». It was adapted by Old English scribes and christened to become the word bless. Similarly fullwiht
(literally, «full-being») and the verb fullian came to mean «baptism» and «to baptise» respectively, but probably originally referred to some kind of rite of passage.

Whenever a suitable Old English substitute could not be found, a Latin word could be chosen instead, and many Latin words entered the Old English lexicon in this way. Such words include: «biscop» «bishop» from Latin «episcopus», Old English «tepid»»carpet» from Latin «tapetum», and Old English «sigel»»brooch» from Latin «sigillum»»culcer» and «læfel»»spoon» from Latin «coclearium»and «labellum» beside Old English «spōn» and hlædel (Modern English ladle); Old English forca from Latin furca «fork» next to Old English gafol; Old English scamol «chair, stool» from Latin scamellum beside native stōl, benc and setl. All told, approximately 600 words were borrowed from Latin during the Old English period.^[1] Often, the Latin word was severely restricted in sense, and was not widespread in use among the general populace. Latin words tended to be literary or scholarly terms and were not very common. The majority of them did not survive into the Middle English Period.

Middle AgesEdit

The Norman Conquest of 1066 gave England a two-tiered society with an aristocracy which spoke Anglo-Norman and a lower class which spoke English. From 1066 until Henry IV of England ascended the throne in 1399, the royal court of England spoke a Norman language that became progressively Gallicised through contact with French. However, the Norman rulers made no attempt to suppress the English language, apart from not using it at all in their court. In 1204, the Anglo-Normans lost their continental territories in Normandy and became wholly English. By the time Middle English arose as the dominant language in the late 14th century, the Normans had contributed roughly 10,000 words to English of which 75% remain in use today. Continued use of Latin by the Church and centres of learning brought a steady, though dramatically reduced, influx of new Latin lexical borrowings.

RenaissanceEdit

During the English Renaissance, from around 1500–1650, some 10,000 to 12,000 words entered the English lexicon, including the word lexicon. Some examples include aberration, allusion, anachronism, democratic, dexterity, enthusiasm, imaginary, juvenile, pernicious, sophisticated. Many of these words were borrowed directly from Latin, both in its classical and medieval forms. In turn, Late Latin also included borrowings from Greek.

Industrial AgeEdit

The dawn of the age of scientific discovery in the 17th and 18th centuries created the need for new words to describe newfound knowledge. Many words were borrowed from Latin, while others were coined from Latin roots, prefixes, and suffixes, and Latin word elements freely combine with elements from all other languages including native Anglo-Saxon words. Some of the words which entered English at this time are: apparatus, aqueous, carnivorous, component, corpuscle, data, experiment, formula, incubate, machinery, mechanics, molecule, nucleus, organic, ratio, structure, vertebra.

Consequences for EnglishEdit

In addition to a large number of historical borrowings and coinages, today Latinate words continue to be coined in English – see classical compounds – particularly in technical contexts. A number of more subtle consequences include: numerous doublets – two or more cognate terms from both a Germanic and Latinate source (or Latinate sources), such as cow/beef; numerous cases of etymologically unrelated terms for closely related concepts, notably Germanic nouns with a Latin adjective, such as bird/avian or hand/manual; complicated etymologies due to indirect borrowings (via Romance) or multiple borrowings; and usage controversies over the perceived complexity of Latinate terms.

Noun/adjective doubletsEdit

As with Germanic/Latinate doublets from the Norman period, the use of Latinate words in the sciences gives us pairs with a native Germanic noun and a Latinate adjective:

animals: ant/formic, bee/apian, bird/avian, crow/corvine, cod/gadoid, carp/cyprine, fish/piscine, gull/larine, wasp/vespine, butterfly/papilionaceous, worm/vermian, spider/arachnid, snake/anguine, tortoise (or turtle)/testudinal, cat/feline, rabbit/cunicular, hare/leporine, dog/canine, deer/cervine, reindeer/rangiferine, fox/vulpine, wolf/lupine, goat/caprine, sheep/ovine, swan/cygnean, duck/anatine, starling/sturnine, goose/anserine, ostrich/struthious, horse/equine, chicken/gallinaceous, ox/bovine, pig/porcine, whale/cetacean, ape/simian, bear/ursine, man/human or hominid (gender specific: man/masculine, woman/feminine) these words can also be altered informally by adding «-like» as a suffix to the Germanic prefix.
physiology: head/capital, body/corporal, ear/aural, tooth/dental, tongue/lingual, lips/labial, neck/cervical, finger/digital, hand/manual, arm/brachial, foot/pedal, sole of the foot/plantar, leg/crural, eye/ocular or visual, mouth/oral, chest/pectoral, nipple/papillary, brain/cerebral, mind/mental, nail/ungual, hair/pilar, lung/pulmonary, kidney/renal, blood/sanguine.
astronomy: moon/lunar, sun/solar, earth/terrestrial, star/stellar.
sociology: son or daughter/filial, mother/maternal, father/paternal, brother/fraternal, sister/sororal, wife/uxorial.
other: book/literary, edge/marginal, fire/igneous, water/aquatic, wind/vental, ice/glacial, boat/naval, house/domestic, door/portal, town/urban, sight/visual, tree/arboreal, marsh/paludal, sword/gladiate, king/regal, fighter/military, bell/tintinnabulary, clothes/sartorial.

Thus Latin constitutes a linguistic superstratum for English just as Japanese has a Chinese superstratum and Hindustani has a Persian superstratum.

Indirect influenceEdit

It is not always easy to tell at what point a word entered English, or in what form. Some words have come into English from Latin more than once, through French or another Romance language at one time and directly from Latin at another. Thus there are pairs like fragile/frail, army/armada, corona/crown, ratio/reason, and rotund/round. The first word in each pair came directly from Latin, while the second entered English from French (or Spanish, in the case of armada). In addition, some words have entered English twice from French, with the result that they have the same source, but different pronunciations reflecting changing pronunciation in French, for example, chief/chef (the former a Middle English borrowing and the latter modern). Multiple borrowings explain other word pairs and groups with similar roots but different meanings and/or pronunciations: canal/channel, poor/pauper, coy/quiet, disc/disk/dish/desk/dais/discus.^[2]

Sociolinguistical consequencesEdit

David Corson in The Lexical Bar (1985) defended the thesis that academic English, due to its large portion of Greco-Latinate words, explains the difficulties of working class children in the educational system. When exposed at home mainly to colloquial English (the easier, shorter, Anglo-Saxon words), the differences with children who have more access to academic words (longer, more difficult, Greco-Latinate) tend not to become less by education but worse, impeding their access to academic or social careers. In various experiments and comparative studies Corson measured fewer differences between 12 year olds than 15 year olds due to their unfamiliarity with Greco-Latinate words in English and the way teachers deal with them.
Corson’s views were not always represented correctly. In his totally revised Using English Words (1995) the linguistic, historical, psychological and educational aspects have been integrated better.

ReferencesEdit

Bryson, Bill. The Mother Tongue: English and How It Got That Way. New York: Avon, 1990.
Corson, David. The Lexical Bar Oxford: Pergamon, 1985.
Corson, David. Using English Words Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1995.
Hughes, Geoffrey. Words in Time. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.
Kent, Roland G. Language and Philology. New York: Cooper Square, 1963.
McCrum, Robert, William Cran, and Robert MacNeil. The Story of English. New York: Elisabeth Sifton, 1986.

NotesEdit

^ Lounsbury, History of the English Language, page 42.
^ With disc/disk some computing scientists make the distinction between disc and disk as being that the former is optical, such as: CD or DVD, and the latter is magnetic, such as a hard disk.[1]

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Further reading[edit]

List of English words which come from Latin

The reason there are so many English words which come from Latin

How to identify English vocabulary words which come from Latin?

Modern English words which come from Latin

The Roots of Words

Greek Root Words

Latin Root Words

Sources

Early Middle AgesEdit

Middle AgesEdit

RenaissanceEdit

Industrial AgeEdit

Consequences for EnglishEdit

Noun/adjective doubletsEdit

Indirect influenceEdit

Sociolinguistical consequencesEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

NotesEdit