Employability is it a word

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Employability refers to the attributes of a person that make that person able to gain and maintain employment.

Overview[edit]

Employability is related to work and the ability to be employed, such as:

• The ability to gain initial employment; hence the interest in ensuring that ‘key competencies’, careers advice and an understanding about the world of work are embedded in the education system^[1]
• The ability to maintain employment and make ‘transitions’ between jobs and roles within the same organization to meet new job requirements^[2]
• The ability to obtain new employment if required, i.e. to be independent in the labour market by being willing and able to manage their own employment transitions between and within organisations (Van der Heijde and Van der Heijden (2005) The continuously fulfilling, acquiring or creating of work through the optimal use of efforts)

Lee Harvey defines employability as the ability of a graduate to get a satisfying job, stating that job acquisition should not be prioritized over preparedness for employment to avoid pseudo measure of individual employability.
Lee argues that employability is not a set of skills but a range of experiences and attributes developed through higher-level learning, thus employability is not a «product’ but a process of learning.

Employability continues to develop because the graduate, once employed, does not stop learning (i.e. continuous learning). Thus employability by this definition is about learning, not least learning how to learn, and it is about empowering learners as critical reflective citizens.^[3] Harvey‘s (2001) definition is important for it emphasizes the employability of graduates, which is similar to our context, hence, able to provide insight about how to measure graduates’ employability and what are the differences between graduates and experienced individuals in the labor market.

There are numerous terms for employability skills, they are often used interchangeably with terms such as soft skills, generic skills, 21st century skills, generic attributes, transferable skills, generic competencies and holistic competencies. Chan at the University of Hong Kong uses holistic competencies as an umbrella term inclusive of different types of generic skills (e.g. critical thinking, problem-solving skills, positive values, and attitudes (e.g. resilience, appreciation for others) which are essential for students’ life-long learning and whole-person development (Chan, Fong, Luk, & Ho, 2017;^[4] Chan & Yeung, 2019^[5]). In order to understand how holistic competencies should be developed based on student perception, the Holistic Competency Development Framework (HCDF) was developed (Chan & Yeung, 2019).^[5] The HCDF consists of five key components that are fundamental to holistic competency development: 1) student characteristics; 2) rationale for learning; 3) students’ actual learning experience and perceptions and interpretations based on that experience; 4) students’ approaches to developing holistic competency; and 5) students’ development of holistic competency as outcomes. The HCDF is an adaption of Bigg’s 3P Student Approach to Learn model (1987).^[6] Chan realised that traditional learning processes such as the 3P model do not apply to soft skills development because students who are deep learners in the academic context do not necessarily become deep learners in soft skills education. Thus, the words ‘deep’ and ‘surface’ with respect to academic knowledge are unsuitable in the soft skills context. Accordingly, a new term was coined, Approach to Develop, for conceptualising student engagement in experiential learning leading to the development of holistic competencies. Unlike academic knowledge, holistic competencies must be developed by experience. As an illustration, leadership skills cannot be learnt by reading a book; the learner must have opportunities to observe and experience what leadership is. Hence, the word ‘learn’ can be used to describe academic knowledge acquisition, whilst ‘develop’ is preferable for describing holistic competency education. Validated instruments for assessing student’s holistic competencies awareness have been developed (Chan, Zhao & Luk, 2017;^[7] Chan & Luk, 2020^[8]) although the assessment literacy of competency for both teachers and students remains challenging (Chan & Luo, 2020).^[9]

Berntson (2008) argues that employability refers to an individual’s perception of his or her possibilities of getting new, equal, or better employment. Berntson’s study differentiates employability into two main categories – actual employability (objective employability) and perceived employability (subjective employability).

Research into employability is not a single cohesive body work. Employability is investigated in the fields of industrial and organizational psychology, career development, industrial sociology, and the sociology of education, among others. Several employability definitions have been developed based on, or including input from business and industry. In the United States, an Employability Skills Framework was developed through a collaboration of employers, educators, human resources associations, and labour market associations. This framework states, «Employability skills are general skills that are necessary for success in the labor market at all employment levels and in all sectors». After conducting research with employers across Canada, the Conference Board of Canada released Employability Skills 2000+, which defines employability as «the skills you need to enter, stay in, and progress in the world of work». Saunders & Zuzel (2010) found that employers valued personal qualities such as dependability and enthusiasm over subject knowledge and ability to negotiate.^[10]

In relation to freelance or ad hoc work[edit]

In the future fewer will be employed and more people work as free lancers or ad hoc on projects. Robin Chase, co-founder of Zip Car, argues that in the future more work will be done as freelancers or ad hoc works. Collaborative economy and other similar platforms are reinventing capitalism, for example platforms like Freelancer.com, a new way of organizing demand and supply.^[11]
Freelancer is also an example of how employability can be developed even for people who are not employed – Freelancers offers exposure of certification and in the future similar platforms will also offer continuous upgrade of competencies for the people associated.

In relation to university degree choice[edit]

The Complete University Guide website ^[12] (based in London within the United Kingdom ^[13]) lists the ten most employable degree subjects, indicating the degree of employability with a percentage (of graduates exiting university who subsequently obtain employment). The subject with the most employment is Dentistry, the subjects with ordinately less employment, after the 1st most are as follows; Nursing, Veterinary Medicine, Medicine, Physiotherapy, Medical Technology, Optometry Ophthalmology Orthoptics, Occupational Therapy, Land and Property Management, Aural and Oral sciences ^[12]

Graduate employability, focused on the ways in which higher education equips graduates to meet the needs of the labour market, has become a central feature of universities’ missions and branding, and is included in university league tables such as the QS World University Rankings. Universities’ have pursued a range of strategies to support their graduates’ employability, and graduate employability researchers have considered a number of models based on various kinds of human capital, dispositions, and psycho-social influences.^[14][15]

Experiential learning and its influences on employability[edit]

Experiential learning is “the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Knowledge results from the combination of grasping and transforming experience.” (Kolb, 1984, p.41
^[16]). But “(e)xperience needs to be integrated into formal learning, intentionally and systematically, to enhance academic study.” (Woolf, 2018, p.85. ^[17]). Internships have been found to have a positive influence on employability skills development from both an employer and student perspective^[18]

Organizational issues[edit]

Employability creates organizational issues, because future competency needs may require re-organization in many ways. The increasing automation and use of technology also makes it relevant to discuss not only change but also transformation in tasks for people. The issues are relevant at government level, at corporate level and for individuals.

Institutions for employability[edit]

In the past, government had institutions to handle unemployment and employment. In the future this will be extended to include employability. In many parts of the world, Wheebox conducts ‘National Employability Test’ an online test that measures candidate’s Business communication, Critical Thinking Skills, Numeracy, Coding Skills for IT, Learning Agility and Interpersonal Skills. National Employability Test

The Institute for Employability[edit]

Singapore has created an Institute for Employability^[19] that works on competency upgrades, to reduce risk of unemployment, and increase the competitiveness of the nation and corporations and the employability of the individual.

See also[edit]

• Adult education
• Education
• Life skills
• Literacy
• Study skills
• Vocational training

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Books[edit]

• Signing up for competitive advantage: how signature processes beat best practice. With Gratton, L. London: Advanced Institute of Management Research, 2006
• A bias for action: how effective managers harness their willpower, achieve results and stop wasting time. With Bruch, H. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 2004. London Reference Collections shelfmark: YK.2007.a.10796
• Transnational management: text, cases, and readings in crossborder management. London: McGraw-Hill, 2000
• Managing across borders. 2nd ed. London, Hutchinson Business, 1998
• The individualized corporation: a fundamentally new approach to management. With Bartlett, C. London, Heinemann, 1998
• The differentiated network. With Bartlett, C. Los Angeles CA: JosseyBass, 1997
• An integrative theory of firm growth implications for corporate organization and management. With Hahn, M. & Moran, P. Fontainebleau: INSEAD, 1997
• Management competence, firm growth, and economic progress. With Hahn, M. & Moran, P. Fontainebleau: INSEAD, 1997
• Brown, P. and Hesketh, A. (2004) The Mismanagement of Talent: Employability and Jobs in the Knowledge Economy. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
• Hillage, J; Pollard, E (1998). Employability: Developing a Framework for Policy Analysis. Research Report. Vol. RR85. Suffolk: Department for Education and Employment. ISBN 978-0-85522-889-7. OCLC 42311422.
• Hind, D. and Moss, S. (2011) Employability Skills. 2nd Edition. Sunderland, Business Education Publishers.
• Schneider, K. and Otto, H-U. (2009) From Employability Towards Capability. Luxembourg.

Journal articles[edit]

• Rocha, Hector O.; Ghoshal, Sumantra (May 2006). «Beyond Self-Interest Revisited*». Journal of Management Studies. 43 (3): 585–619. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00603.x. S2CID 67847488.
• Ghoshal, Sumantra (March 2005). «Bad Management Theories Are Destroying Good Management Practices». Academy of Management Learning & Education. 4 (1): 75–91. doi:10.5465/AMLE.2005.16132558.
• Professional Manager. May 2000, pp. 20–23 Leadership by Ghoshal! (Interview with Sumantra Ghoshal)
• Ghoshal, Sumantra; Bartlett, Christopher A.; Moran, Peter (22 March 1999). «A new manifesto for management». Sloan Management Review. 40 (3): 9–20. Gale A54636296 ProQuest 224967776.
• Ghoshal, Sumantra; Bartlett, Christopher A. (January 1995). «Changing the Role of Top Management: Beyond Structure to Processes». Harvard Business Review. 73 (1): 86–96.
• Bartlett, Christopher A.; Ghoshal, Sumantra (May 1995). «Changing the Role of Top Management: Beyond Systems to People». Harvard Business Review. 73 (3): 132–142.
• Bartlett, Christopher A.; Ghoshal, Sumantra (November 1994). «Beyond Strategy to Purpose». Harvard Business Review. 72 (6): 79–88.
• Bartlett, Christopher A.; Ghoshal, Sumantra (July 1990). «Matrix management: not a structure, a frame of mind». Harvard Business Review. 68 (4): 138–145. PMID 10106795.
• Employability Skills Framework». Perkins Collaborative Resource Network. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
• «Employability Skills 2000+». Conference Board of Canada. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
• Saunders, Venetia; Zuzel, Katherine (June 2010). «Evaluating Employability Skills: Employer and Student Perceptions». Bioscience Education. 15 (1): 1–15. doi:10.3108/beej.15.2. S2CID 178794319.
• Tempone, Irene; Kavanagh, Marie; Segal, Naomi; Hancock, Phil; Howieson, Bryan; Kent, Jenny (2012-07-13). «Desirable generic attributes for accounting graduates into the twenty‐first century: The views of employers». Accounting Research Journal. 25 (1): 41–55. doi:10.1108/10309611211244519.

Last Update: Jan 03, 2023

This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested!

Asked by: Oda Langworth

Score: 4.5/5
(74 votes)

Employability refers to the attributes of a person that make that person able to gain and maintain employment.

What do we mean by employability?

EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS. Page 1. Employability Skills can be defined as the transferable skills needed by an individual to make them ’employable’. Along with good technical understanding and subject knowledge, employers often outline a set of skills that they want from an employee.

What does employability mean in the workplace?

Employability skills include the soft skills that allow you to work well with others, apply knowledge to solve problems, and to fit into any work environment. They also include the professional skills that enable you to be successful in the workplace.

What are examples of employability?

Examples of employability skills

What is another word for employability?

Find another word for employable. In this page you can discover 14 synonyms, antonyms, idiomatic expressions, and related words for employable, like: utilizable, serviceable, open, operable, operative, practicable, usable, possible, used, unemployable and marketable.

41 related questions found

Posted on 03/12/2018

There is so much jargon in the business world…….buzz words, acronyms that seem to be more confusing to people than helpful half the time… and confusion over what a word or phrase actually means………but we are not afraid to ask the questions here!  

We decided to talk to Melissa Fuller about the word ’employability’ – here is her take on this fashionable word.

Soft skills

Employability is the new ‘it’ word, but in simple terms for a candidate looking for a role – it is your soft skills.

So what are soft skills?  They are skills outside of your qualification. Skills such as the ability to form relationships, create a customer experience, effectively communicate with others and problem solving. These skills are hard to teach and some people naturally have them.

No prior work experience is irrelevant

The best way to gain those important soft skills is to volunteer, find part time work or summer work. No prior work experience is irrelevant. In any work experience you have developed skills such as listening, following instructions and communicating with a diverse range of people.

Soft skills = transferable skills

These skills are transferable into any role you wish. An example:  if you work in a busy restaurant while studying finance, you are able to show your ability to work and listen under pressure. Something that may be important in a finance based role. You can identify what skills outside of your qualification are important by reading the job description or talking to others in the industry.

Sell your particular package of skills

It is important to remember that Dunedin, as well as New Zealand, is built on small to medium size businesses with employee numbers fewer than 30. Investing in employees is a big decision for those employers and an expensive undertaking. ‘Selling you‘ as a package of skills to a potential employer will enhance your chances of becoming employed and help the business.

Learn, grow and develop yourself

Look outside your qualification and create opportunities to learn new skills. Unicrew is a great place to go to try out volunteering. For more information on how to find work while studying in Dunedin, follow us on Facebook. www.facebook.com/getworkready or go to www.getworkready.co.nz for more information.

Melissa Fuller is the energetic, enthusiastic program co-ordinator at ‘Work Ready,’ and she is passionate about helping international students adapt to life in New Zealand and move into employment prior to graduation.

This entry was posted in Alumni, Employment, Employment, Students, University of Otago, Volunteering by ricni56p. Bookmark the permalink.

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PRONUNCIATION OF EMPLOYABILITY

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF EMPLOYABILITY

Employability is a noun.

WHAT DOES EMPLOYABILITY MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Definition of employability in the English dictionary

The definition of employability in the dictionary is the quality of being employable.

WORDS THAT RHYME WITH EMPLOYABILITY

TRANSLATION OF EMPLOYABILITY

Find out the translation of employability to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.

TENDENCIES OF USE OF THE TERM «EMPLOYABILITY»

The term «employability» is quite widely used and occupies the 44.503 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.

Principal search tendencies and common uses of employability

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «EMPLOYABILITY» OVER TIME

10 ENGLISH BOOKS RELATING TO «EMPLOYABILITY»

Discover the use of employability in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to employability and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.

10 NEWS ITEMS WHICH INCLUDE THE TERM «EMPLOYABILITY»

Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term employability is used in the context of the following news items.

REFERENCE

« EDUCALINGO. Employability [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/employability>. Apr 2023 ».