Dot character in word

Inserting a Bullet

1. Position the insertion point where you want the bullet to appear.
2. Choose Symbol from the Insert menu. Word displays the Symbol dialog box.
3. Use the Font drop-down list to select the font you want to use for the bullet.
4. Double-click on the bullet character you want inserted.
5. Click on Close.

How do you add a dot in Word?

Putting a Bullet in the Middle of a Sentence

1. Choose Symbol from the Insert menu. Word displays the Insert Symbol dialog box.
2. Make sure that (normal text) is selected in the Font drop-down list. (See Figure 1.)
3. In the table of symbols, select the bullet character.
4. Click on Insert.
5. Click on Close.

How do you type a dot?

Make the middle dot / median dot (·) on Windows :
The technique : Keep the Alt key pressed (key just to the left of the Space bar), then you successively type the numbers 0 1 8 3 then you finally release the Alt key, which will bring up the middle dot / median dot at desired location.

How do you put a dot under a letter in Word?

2 Answers

1. Type 0323 , then press Alt + X for the dot symbol to appear below the character placeholder.
2. Press Space , to show the character placeholder, type your character.

How do you add a dotted line in Word?

To use a line shortcut, first, open your document with Microsoft Word. Next, place your cursor where you want to add a dotted line in your document. Type the asterisk sign (“*”) three times in your document. Now, press Enter, and Word will convert your asterisks into a dotted line automatically.

Where is the dot on keyboard?

While pressing the period (“.”) key on your computer keyboard types a dot aligned to the bottom of a line of text, there’s no corresponding key for creating a middle-aligned dot. This type of dot is used as a bullet-point graphic in lists or as a decorative text separator.

How do you type a floating dot?

ALT+250. To type middle dot • on your computer, Just hold down the Alt key while typing the alt key code 250 on the numeric keypad of your keyboard. If you don not have one, hold down the Fn and Alt keys while typing the alt code number.

What is a dot symbol?

The dot operator symbol is used in math to represent multiplication and, in the context of linear algebra, as the dot product operator. Typically, the symbol is used in an expression like this: 3⋅5. In plain language, this expression means three multiplied by five.

How do you get the dots under letters on a keyboard?

On an iOS or Android device, access umlaut marks by tapping and holding a particular key. For example, tap and hold the uppercase or lowercase O key, then slide your finger over to ö or Ö to use it in texts, emails, and other documents.

How do you put a dot above a letter in latex?

dot{o} is a dot over the letter (cf.

How do you type T with dot below?

“Ṭ” U+1E6C Latin Capital Letter T with Dot Below Unicode Character.

How do you insert dots in a table of contents in Word?

Change the layout of your table of contents

1. To add a dot leader, or dotted line, between each entry and its page number, click the Tab leader list and then click the dotted line.
2. To change the overall appearance of your table of contents, click the Formats list, and then click the format that you want.

How do I get the dot on my Mac keyboard?

To type a middle dot on Mac· press Shift+Option+9.

How do you type a floating dot on a Mac?

on Apple macOS, an interpunct can be entered by pressing ⌥ Opt + ⇧ Shift + 9 (or ⌥ Opt + ⇧ Shift + .

How do you make a dot with alt codes?

Here you can find the list of bullet symbols alt codes and unicode symbols. To make a bullet symbol or a circle symbol text, you can copy and paste bullet point symbol from the table below.
Bullet Symbols.

Symbol	Alt Code Number	Name
•	7	Circle bullet
◘	8	Reverse bullet
○	9	Empty bullet
◙	10	Reverse bullet

How do you type a dot in Japanese?

How do you make the Middle dot on a Japanese keyboard? なかぐろ seems to work for converting to U+30FB katakana middle dot ( ・ ) on both Windows 7 and Anthy for Linux. なかてん doesn’t seem to work on the Windows 7 Japanese IME, but it looks like it does convert to U+30FB katakana middle dot ( ・ ) on Anthy for Linux.

How do you write the dot product?

Vector products are always represented by dot symbols between two or more vectors. So, to represent this dot product with the help of latex, you need to take the help of cdot command. And this cdot command will always return the dot symbol.

How do I insert a dot in HTML?

Middle Dot

1. UNICODE. U+000B7.
2. HEX CODE. ·
3. HTML CODE. ·
4. HTML ENTITY. ·
5. CSS CODE. 0B7. // html example. <span>·</span> // css example. span { content: “0B7”; }

How do you put a dot between words on a Mac?

When you choose the bullet type, click on the small arrow at the end. Choose “Shortcut” option and select the function key for the bullet. After setup your shortcut, press Fn + F1 to F8 key to insert the corresponding bullet symbol.

How do I type an umlaut in Windows?

umlaut: Hold down “control” and press the colon (:) (i.e. Shift + 😉 [Nothing will appear on your screen when you press this combination of keys]. Then release all three keys you just pressed and type the letter over which you wish the umlaut to be (i.e. “a,” “o,” or “u”). The umlaut should now appear.

How do you put a dot above a letter in Word on a Mac?

Press Alt + X to see the dot above the letter.

Information, easy-to-copy variants, customizer, and more.

📋 Dot Text Symbols to Copy and Paste

There are 12 symbols. To copy the specific symbol to your clipboard, just click on it!

⚙️ Customize Dot Text Symbols

Do you want to change the symbol size, or try different colors? Customize it for yourself and copy ready-to-use HTML code.

⌨️ Dot Symbol Alt Codes

Press the key or keys on the numpad while holding ALT.

– Choose Symbol from the Insert menu. Word displays the Insert Symbol dialog box.
– Make sure that (normal text) is selected in the Font drop-down list. (See Figure 1.)
– In the table of symbols, select the bullet character.
– Click on Insert. The bullet is inserted in your document.
– Click on Close.

Considering this, How do you type a dot?

Also, How do I insert a dot symbol in Word?

However, below is a quick solution: To insert a bullet point symbol in Word, place the insertion pointer at where you want to insert the symbol, hold down the Alt key, then press 0149 on the numeric keypad, then release the Alt key – this will insert a bullet point symbol into your Word document.

Regarding this, How do you insert a bullet dot in Word?

– Position the insertion point where you want the bullet to appear.
– Choose Symbol from the Insert menu. Word displays the Symbol dialog box. (See Figure 1.)
– Use the Font drop-down list to select the font you want to use for the bullet.
– Double-click on the bullet character you want inserted.
– Click on Close.

Where is the middle dot on keyboard?

Name Middle Dot
——— ———————————
Alt code: Alt 250 (English keyboard layout)

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15 Related Question Answers Found

What is the alt code for a dot?

SYMBOL NAME CODE NUMBER
—— —————– ———–
• Bullet / List Dot 0149
§ Section Symbol 0167
– en-dash 0150
— em-dash 0151

How do you type a middle dot?

on Microsoft Windows with codepage 1252, it can be inserted by pressing Alt + 2 5 0 or Alt + 0 1 8 3 (on the numeric keypad). The default shortcut using AZERTY Greek polytonic keyboard layout (EL) is AltGr + ⇧ Shift + $ .

Where do I find symbols on my keyboard?

Hold the “Alt” key and type the proper ASCII code on the numeric keypad. When you release the “Alt” key, you should see your desired symbol on the screen.

How do I insert dot leaders in Word?

How do I insert a dot leader in Word 2016?

To insert a dotted line (or leader line) in Microsoft Word. Click the expansion arrow on the Paragraph group in the Home tab. 2 The Paragraph dialogue box will appear. Click the “Tabs…” button in the lower left hand corner.

How do you put a dot at the end of a line in Word?

How do I create a dot leader in Word 2016?

To insert a dotted line (or leader line) in Microsoft Word. Click the expansion arrow on the Paragraph group in the Home tab. 2 The Paragraph dialogue box will appear. Click the “Tabs…” button in the lower left hand corner.

How do you add a trailing dot in Word?

What is the character code for a bullet point in Word?

type 0183

How do I type a dot symbol?

– Choose Symbol from the Insert menu. …
– Make sure that (normal text) is selected in the Font drop-down list. …
– In the table of symbols, select the bullet character.

How do you type a dot in Alt?

SYMBOL NAME CODE NUMBER
—— —————– ———–
• Bullet / List Dot 0149
§ Section Symbol 0167
– en-dash 0150
— em-dash 0151

How do you set a 3.5 left tab stop with Option 2 dotted leaders?

Either select an existing tab stop location or enter a tab stop measurement in the Tab Stop Position box. Make sure the Alignment type is set as desired. In the Leader area, click on the second option, which looks like a line of periods or dots. Click on Set.

How do you type a dot in the middle?

on Microsoft Windows with codepage 1252, it can be inserted by pressing Alt + 2 5 0 or Alt + 0 1 8 3 (on the numeric keypad).

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Last Updated: 18 days ago – Co-authors : 15 – Users : 10

Click on a bullet symbol below to copy bullet point text character or a dot symbol into clipboard. Then paste that bullet symbol into your text.

Bullet point	•	○	⁌	⁍	∙
◘	◙	⦾	⦿	➼
‣	⁃	⚫	⚪	➡
🅐	🅑	🅒	🅓	🅔	🅕	🅖	🅗	🅘
Ⓐ	Ⓑ	Ⓒ	Ⓓ	Ⓔ	Ⓕ	Ⓖ	Ⓗ	Ⓘ
ⓐ	ⓑ	ⓒ	ⓓ	ⓔ	ⓕ	ⓖ	ⓗ	ⓘ
➊	➋	➌	➍	➎	➏	➐	➑	➒
①	②	③	④	⑤	⑥	⑦	⑧	⑨

Symbols

Bullet point symbol and • middle dot point symbol are icons used to introduce items in a list. In common text messaging and email marketing it is also used to separate some pieces of information in titles. In this case it’s better known as a dot symbol. You can probably type dot symbol for bullet point • right from your keyboard, read below to find out how.

Dot point symbol and other bullet point signs

Bullet point is a typographical symbol or glyph used to introduce items in a list. The bullet symbol may take any of a variety of shapes, such as a middle dot symbol •, square, diamond, arrow ➡, bullet symbol ⁍, etc., and typical word processor software offer a wide selection of shapes and colours. Several regular symbols are conventionally used in ASCII-only text or another environments where bullet characters are not available. Of course, when writing by hand, bullets may be drawn in any style. Historically, the index symbol was popular for similar uses.

Bullet point symbols are often used in

🅐 Notes

🅑 Presentations

🅒 Technical writing

🅓 Reference works

Bullet point dot symbol on keyboard

Choose your system and find out.

Windows

Mac

Linux

HTML code

On your keyboard, locate the Alt Key. Press it and hold as you type the Alt code 0149. After typing the Alt code 0149, release the Alt key, and the bullet point symbol [•] will be inserted into your word document.

Subsequently, How do I make practice lines in Word?

Draw Method

1. Click the Drawing toolbar button on the Standard toolbar, or point to Toolbars on the View menu, and then click Drawing.
2. Click Line on the Drawing toolbar.
3. Place the pointer where you want the line to start. …
4. Click and hold the mouse button, and drag the line to the length you want.

Accordingly How do you type a dot on a Mac?

To type a middle dot on Mac· press Shift+Option+9.

Beside above, How do you insert a dot on a Mac? Shift-option(alt)-9. Shift-option(alt)-9.

Which word font looks like handwriting?

There are various Script fonts supplied with Windows and Office. Among them: Freestyle Script, Bradley Hand ITC, Lucida Calligraphy, Lucida Handwriting, Mistral, Script MT Bold, Segoe Script and Segoe Print. Some of the more complex handwriting fonts can be almost unreadable when used for more than a few words.

also How do I eliminate a blank page in Word? Delete a page in Word

1. Click or tap anywhere in the page you want to delete, press Ctrl+G.
2. In the Enter page number box, type page.
3. Press Enter on your keyboard, and then select Close.
4. Verify that a page of content is selected, and then press Delete on your keyboard.

What is the Alt key on a Mac?

Where is the Alt key on a Mac keyboard? The PC-keyboard equivalent of Alt on a Mac is called the Option key, and you’ll find the Option Key on your Mac if you go two keys to the left of the spacebar.

What is the dot key on Mac?

Other Punctuation

SYMBOL	NAME	CODE
¶	Paragraph Symbol	Option+7
•	Dot	Option+8
§	Section Symbol	Option+6
–	en-dash. Option, then minus sign	Option+-

Where is the Alt key on Mac?

On Mac keyboards, the Alt key is located on the bottom row to the left and right of the command keys.

Which font is most pleasing to the eye?

Designed for Microsoft, Georgia was actually created with low-resolution screens in mind, so it’s ideal for your desktop and mobile site visitors alike.

• Helvetica.
• PT Sans & PT Serif.
• Open Sans.
• Quicksand.
• Verdana.
• Rooney.
• Karla.
• Roboto.

What font is the most attractive?

• 10 of the Most Beautiful Fonts for Web Designers. Design Tips. …
• Playfair. Some looks never go out of fashion. …
• Roboto. Roboto is a sans serif font – it’s geometric with friendly and open curves. …
• Raleway. Raleway is an elegant font with a thin weight – the unique ‘W’ really makes it stand out. …
• Pacifico. …
• Quicksand. …
• Oswald. …
• Lato.

What is the prettiest font in Microsoft Word?

The Best Fonts to Use on Your Resume

1. Calibri. Having replaced Times New Roman as the default Microsoft Word font, Calibri is an excellent option for a safe, universally readable sans-serif font. …
2. Cambria. This serif font is another Microsoft Word staple. …
3. Garamond. …
4. Didot. …
5. Georgia. …
6. Helvetica. …
7. Arial. …
8. Book Antiqua.

Why can’t delete a page Word?

Go to the VIEW tab, select Navigation Pane in the Show section, select the blank page thumbnail in the left panel, and press your delete key until it is removed. Check your sections: Go to the PAGE LAYOUT tab, click the Margins button, and select Custom Margins. Click the Layout tab.

How do you delete a blank page in Word on a Mac?

How to Delete a Blank Page in a Word Document on a Mac Computer

1. Open a Word document on your Mac.
2. Then go to the blank page you want to delete. …
3. Next, press ⌘ + 8 on your keyboard. …
4. Then select the paragraph marks and page breaks. …
5. Finally, press Delete or Backspace on your keyboard.

Why wont word let me delete a page?

If you have a blank last page in your document that isn’t disappearing when you select the paragraph marker and press Delete, try this. From the Home tab turn on your Show/Hide characters and then go to the second to last page of your document. If you can see a page break symbol, select it, and delete it.

What is Alt F4?

Pressing the Alt and F4 keys together is a keyboard shortcut to close the currently active window. For example, if you press this keyboard shortcut while playing a game, the game window will close immediately.

What is Alt F4 on Mac?

On Windows, you close a file window with Alt-F4 and the equivalent on a Mac is Command-W. … If you need to close the entire app, you hit Command-Q.

What is another name for the Alt key?

Techopedia Explains Alternate Key (Alt Key)

The equivalent of the Alt key on Macintoshes is the option key. On most keyboards the Alt key is located on either side of the space bar.

How do you use Alt codes on a Mac?

To use alt codes on Mac computers, use the Option key instead of the Alt key. Option codes for accented letters, symbols, and special characters work differently on Mac computers, as you press Option, the accent, then the letter. For example, to create an n with a tilde, the alt code is Option+n.

How do I type a symbol?

To insert an ASCII character, press and hold down ALT while typing the character code. For example, to insert the degree (º) symbol, press and hold down ALT while typing 0176 on the numeric keypad. You must use the numeric keypad to type the numbers, and not the keyboard.

What is the hardest font to read?

What is the hardest font to read on Google Docs?

• Papyrus.
• Comic Sans.
• Calibri.
• Brush Script.
• Verdana. You know how I know Verdana is terrible?
• Lucida Calligraphy. “Oh yeah, THAT font.” Lucida Calligraphy is under-the-radar terrible.
• Times New Roman. Let’s get this one out of the way.

What are the 4 major font types?

What are four main types of fonts?

• Serif fonts.
• Sans serif fonts.
• Script fonts.
• Display fonts.

What is the most readable font for print?

The Most Easily Readable Fonts for Web and Print

• 1) Georgia. Source.
• 2) Helvetica. Source.
• 3) Open Sans. Source.
• 4) Verdana. Source.
• 5) Rooney. Source.
• 6) Karla. Source.
• 7) Roboto. Source.
• Arial. Source.

«Middot» redirects here. For the religious tractate, see Middot (Talmud).

·
Interpunct
ˑ ꞏ ‧ IPA triangular half-colon modifier letter middot hyphenation point

An interpunct ⟨·⟩, also known as an interpoint,^[1] middle dot, middot and centered dot or centred dot, is a punctuation mark consisting of a vertically centered dot used for interword separation in ancient Latin script. (Word-separating spaces did not appear until some time between 600 and 800 CE.) It appears in a variety of uses in some modern languages and is present in Unicode as U+00B7 · MIDDLE DOT.

The multiplication dot (Unicode U+22C5 ⋅ DOT OPERATOR) is frequently used in mathematical and scientific notation, and it may differ in appearance from the interpunct.

In written language[edit]

Various dictionaries use the interpunct (in this context, sometimes called a hyphenation point) to indicate where to split a word and insert a hyphen if the word doesn’t fit on the line. There is also a separate Unicode character, U+2027 ‧ HYPHENATION POINT.

English[edit]

In British typography, the space dot was once used as the formal decimal point. Its use was advocated by laws and can still be found in some UK-based academic journals such as The Lancet.^[2] When the pound sterling was decimalised in 1971, the official advice issued was to write decimal amounts with a raised point (for example, £21·48) and to use a decimal point «on the line» only when typesetting constraints made it unavoidable. However, this usage had already been declining since the 1968 ruling by the Ministry of Technology to use the full stop as the decimal point,^[3] not only because of that ruling but also because it is the widely-adopted international standard,^[4] and because the standard UK keyboard layout (for typewriters and computers) has only the full stop. The space dot is still used by some in handwriting.

In the early modern era, full stops (periods) were sometimes written as interpuncts (for example in the handwritten Mayflower Compact).

In the Shavian alphabet, interpuncts replace capitalization as the marker of proper nouns. The dot is placed at the beginning of a word.

Catalan[edit]

The punt volat («flying point») is used in Valencian/Catalan between two Ls in cases where each belongs to a separate syllable, for example cel·la, «cell». This distinguishes such «geminate Ls» (ela geminada), which are pronounced [ɫː], from «double L» (doble ela), which are written without the flying point and are pronounced [ʎ]. In situations where the flying point is unavailable, periods (as in col.lecció) or hyphens (as in col-lecció) are frequently used as substitutes, but this is tolerated rather than encouraged.

Historically, medieval Valencian/Catalan also used the symbol · as a marker for certain elisions, much like the modern apostrophe (see Occitan below) and hyphenations.

There is no separate keyboard layout for Catalan: the flying point can be typed using ⇧ Shift+3 in the Spanish (Spain) layout. It appears in Unicode as the pre-composed letters Ŀ (U+013F) and ŀ (U+0140), but they are compatibility characters and are not frequently used or recommended.^[5][a]

Chinese[edit]

The interpunct is used in Chinese (which generally lacks spacing between characters) to mark divisions in transliterated foreign words, particularly names. This is properly (and in Taiwan formally)^[6] a full-width partition sign (Unicode code point U+2027, Hyphenation Point),^{[citation needed]} although sometimes narrower forms are substituted for aesthetic reasons. In particular, the regular interpunct is more commonly used as a computer input, although Chinese-language fonts typically render this as full width. When the Chinese text is romanized, the partition sign is simply replaced by a standard space or other appropriate punctuation. Thus, William Shakespeare is signified as 威廉·莎士比亞 or 威廉·莎士比亞 (p Wēilián Shāshìbǐyà), George W. Bush as 喬治·W·布殊 or 喬治·W·布什 (p Qiáozhì W. Bùshí) and the full name of the prophet Muhammad as 阿布·卡西木·穆罕默德·本·阿布杜拉·本·阿布杜勒-穆塔利卜·本·哈希姆 (p Ābù Kǎxīmù Mùhǎnmòdé Běn Ābùdùlā Běn Ābùdùlè-Mùtǎlìbǔ Běn Hāxīmǔ). Titles and other translated words are not similarly marked: Genghis Khan and Elizabeth II are simply 成吉思汗 and 伊利沙伯二世 or 伊麗莎白二世 without a partition sign.

The partition sign is also used to separate book and chapter titles when they are mentioned consecutively: book first and then chapter.

Hokkien[edit]

In Pe̍h-ōe-jī for Taiwanese Hokkien, middle dot is often used as a workaround for dot above right diacritic because most early encoding systems did not support this diacritic. This is now encoded as U+0358 ͘ COMBINING DOT ABOVE RIGHT (see o͘). Unicode did not support this diacritic until June 2004. Newer fonts often support it natively; however, the practice of using middle dot still exists. Historically, it was derived in the late 19th century from an older barred-o with curly tail as an adaptation to the typewriter.

Tibetan[edit]

In Tibetan the interpunct ⟨་⟩, called ཙེག་ (tsek), is used as a morpheme delimiter.

Ethiopic[edit]

The Geʽez (Ethiopic) script traditionally separates words with an interpunct of two vertically aligned dots, like a colon, but with larger dots: U+1361 ፡ ETHIOPIC WORDSPACE. (For example ገድለ፡ወለተ፡ጴጥሮስ). Starting in the late 19th century the use of such punctuation has largely fallen out of use in favor of whitespace, except in formal hand-written or liturgical texts. In Eritrea the character may be used as a comma.^[7]

Franco-Provençal[edit]

In Franco-Provençal (or Arpitan), the interpunct is used in order to distinguish the following graphemes:

• ch·, pronounced [ʃ], versus ch, pronounced [ts]
• j·, pronounced [ʒ], versus j, pronounced [dz]
• g· before e, i, pronounced [ʒ], versus g before e, i, pronounced [dz]

French[edit]

In modern French, the interpunct is sometimes used for gender-neutral writing, as in « les salarié·e·s » for « les salariés et les salariées ».

Greek[edit]

Ancient Greek did not have spacing or interpuncts but instead ran all the letters together. By Late Antiquity, various marks were used to separate words, particularly the Greek comma.^[8]

The modern Greek ano teleia mark (άνω τελεία, ánō teleía, lit. «upper stop»), also known as άνω στιγμή (áno stigmí), is the infrequently-encountered Greek semicolon and is properly romanized as such.^[9] It is also used to introduce lists in the manner of an English colon.^[8] In Greek text, Unicode provides a unique code point—U+0387 · GREEK ANO TELEIA^[10]—but it is also expressed as an interpunct. In practice, the separate code point for ano teleia canonically decomposes to the interpunct.^[8]

The Hellenistic scholars of Alexandria first developed the mark for a function closer to the comma, before it fell out of use and was then repurposed for its present role.^[8]

Japanese[edit]

Interpuncts are often used to separate transcribed foreign names or words written in katakana. For example, «Can’t Buy Me Love» becomes 「キャント・バイ・ミー・ラヴ」 (Kyanto·bai·mī·rabu). A middle dot is also sometimes used to separate lists in Japanese instead of the Japanese comma («、» known as tōten). Dictionaries and grammar lessons in Japanese sometimes also use a similar symbol to separate a verb suffix from its root. Note that while some fonts may render the Japanese middle dot as a square under great magnification, this is not a defining property of the middle dot that is used in China or Japan.

However, the Japanese writing system usually does not use space or punctuation to separate words (though the mixing of katakana, kanji and hiragana gives some indication of word boundary).

In Japanese typography, there exist two Unicode code points:

• U+30FB ・ KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT, with a fixed width that is the same as most kana characters, known as fullwidth.
• U+FF65 ･ HALFWIDTH KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT

The interpunct also has a number of other uses in Japanese, including the following: to separate titles, names and positions: 課長補佐・鈴木 (Assistant Section Head · Suzuki); as a decimal point when writing numbers in kanji: 三・一四一五九二 (3.141 592); as a slash when writing for «or» in abbreviations: 月・水・金曜日 (Mon/Wed/Friday); and in place of hyphens, dashes and colons when writing vertically.

Korean[edit]

Interpuncts are used in written Korean to denote a list of two or more words, similarly to how a slash (/) is used to juxtapose words in many other languages. In this role it also functions in a similar way to the English en dash, as in 미·소관계, «American–Soviet relations». The use of interpuncts has declined in years of digital typography and especially in place of slashes, but, in the strictest sense, a slash cannot replace a middle dot in Korean typography.

U+318D ㆍ HANGUL LETTER ARAEA (아래아) is used more than a middle dot when an interpunct is to be used in Korean typography, though araea is technically not a punctuation symbol but actually an obsolete Hangul jamo. Because araea is a full-width letter, it looks better than middle dot between Hangul. In addition, it is drawn like the middle dot in Windows default Korean fonts such as Batang.

Latin[edit]

The interpunct (interpunctus) was regularly used in classical Latin to separate words. In addition to the most common round form, inscriptions sometimes use a small equilateral triangle for the interpunct, pointing either up or down. It may also appear as a mid-line comma, similar to the Greek practice of the time. The interpunct fell out of use c. 200 CE, and Latin was then written scripta continua for several centuries.^{[citation needed]}

Occitan[edit]

In Occitan, especially in the Gascon dialect, the interpunct (punt interior, literally, «inner dot», or ponch naut for «high / upper point») is used to distinguish the following graphemes:

• s·h, pronounced [s.h], versus sh, pronounced [ʃ], for example, in des·har ‘to undo’ vs deishar ‘to leave’
• n·h, pronounced [n.h], versus nh, pronounced [ɲ], for example in in·hèrn ‘hell’ vs vinha ‘vineyard’

Although it is considered to be a spelling error, a period is frequently used when a middle dot is unavailable: des.har, in.hèrn, which is the case for French keyboard layout.

In Old Occitan, the symbol · was sometimes used to denote certain elisions, much like the modern apostrophe, the only difference being that the word that gets to be elided is always placed after the interpunct, the word before ending either in a vowel sound or the letter n:

• que·l (que lo, that the) versus qu’el (that he)
• From Bertran de Born’s Ab joi mou lo vers e·l comens (translated by James H. Donalson):

Old Irish[edit]

In many linguistic works discussing Old Irish (but not in actual Old Irish manuscripts), the interpunct is used to separate a pretonic preverbal element from the stressed syllable of the verb, e.g. do·beir «gives». It is also used in citing the verb forms used after such preverbal elements (the prototonic forms), e.g. ·beir «carries», to distinguish them from forms used without preverbs, e.g. beirid «carries».^[11] In other works, the hyphen (do-beir (do- prefix), -beir) or colon (do:beir, :beir) may be used for this purpose.

Runes[edit]

Runic texts use either an interpunct-like or a colon-like punctuation mark to separate words. There are two Unicode characters dedicated for this: U+16EB ᛫ RUNIC SINGLE PUNCTUATION and U+16EC ᛬ RUNIC MULTIPLE PUNCTUATION.

In mathematics and science[edit]

⋅
Multiplication dot
U+22C5 ⋅ DOT OPERATOR (⋅)
∙ Bullet operator

Up to the middle of the 20th century, and sporadically even much later, the interpunct could be found used as the decimal marker in British publications, such as tables of constants (e.g., «π = 3·14159«). This made expressions such as 15 · 823 potentially ambiguous; in which it could denote either 15 × 823 = 12345 or 15823/1000. In situations where the interpunct is used as a decimal point, the multiplication sign used is usually a full stop (period), not an interpunct.^{[citation needed]}

In publications conforming to the standards of the International System of Units, as well as the multiplication sign (×), the centered dot (dot operator) or space (often typographically a non-breaking space) can be used as a multiplication sign. Only a comma or full stop (period) may be used as a decimal marker. The centered dot can be used when multiplying units, as in m · kg · s⁻² for the newton expressed in terms of SI base units. However, when the decimal point is used as the decimal marker, as in the United States, the use of a centered dot for the multiplication of numbers or values of quantities is discouraged.^[12]

In mathematics, a small middle dot can be used to represent multiplication; for example, for multiplying by . When dealing with scalars, it is interchangeable with the multiplication sign (×), as long as the multiplication sign is between numerals such that it would not be mistaken as variable . For instance, means the same thing as . However, when dealing with vectors, the dot operator denotes a dot product (e.g. , a scalar), which is distinct from the cross product (e.g. , a vector).

Another usage of this symbol in mathematics is with functions, where the dot is used as a placeholder for a function argument, in order to distinguish between the (general form of the) function itself and the value or a specific form of a function evaluated at a given point or with given speicifications.^[13][14] For example, denotes the function , and denotes a partial application, where the first two arguments are given and the third argument shall take any valid value on its domain.

The bullet operator, ∙, U+2219, is sometimes used to denote the «AND» relationship in formal logic.

In computing, the middle dot is usually displayed (but not printed) to indicate white space in various software applications such as word processing, graphic design, web layout, desktop publishing or software development programs. In some word processors, interpuncts are used to denote not only hard space or space characters, but also sometimes used to indicate a space when put in paragraph format to show indentations and spaces. This allows the user to see where white space is located in the document and what sizes of white space are used, since normally white space is invisible so tabs, spaces, non-breaking spaces and such are indistinguishable from one another.

In chemistry, the middle dot is used to separate the parts of formulas of addition compounds, mixture salts or solvates (typically hydrates), such as of copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate, CuSO₄·5H₂O. The middle dot should not be surrounded by spaces when indicating a chemical adduct.^[15]

The middot as a letter[edit]

A middot may be used as a consonant or modifier letter, rather than as punctuation, in transcription systems and in language orthographies. For such uses Unicode provides the code point U+A78F ꞏ LATIN LETTER SINOLOGICAL DOT.^[16]

In the Sinological tradition of the 36 initials, the onset 影 (typically reconstructed as a glottal stop) may be transliterated with a middot ⟨ꞏ⟩, and the onset 喩 (typically reconstructed as a null onset) with an apostrophe ⟨ʼ⟩. Conventions vary, however, and it is common for 影 to be transliterated with the apostrophe.
These conventions are used both for Chinese itself and for other scripts of China, such as ʼPhags-pa^[17] and Jurchen.

In Americanist phonetic notation, the middot is a more common variant of the colon ⟨꞉⟩ used to indicate vowel length. It may be called a half-colon in such usage. Graphically, it may be high in the letter space (the top dot of the colon) or centered as the interpunct. From Americanist notation, it has been adopted into the orthographies of several languages, such as Washo.

In the writings of Franz Boas, the middot was used for palatal or palatalized consonants, e.g. ⟨kꞏ⟩ for IPA [c].

In the Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics, a middle dot ⟨ᐧ⟩ indicates a syllable medial ⟨w⟩ in Cree and Ojibwe, ⟨y⟩ or ⟨yu⟩ in some of the Athapascan languages, and a syllable medial ⟨s⟩ in Blackfoot. However, depending on the writing tradition, the middle dot may appear after the syllable it modifies (which is found in the Western style) or before the syllable it modifies (which is found in the Northern and Eastern styles). In Unicode, the middle dot is encoded both as independent glyph U+1427 ᐧ CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL MIDDLE DOT or as part of a pre-composed letter, such as in U+143C ᐼ CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWI. In the Carrier syllabics subset, the middle dot Final indicates a glottal stop, but a centered dot diacritic on [ə]-position letters transform the vowel value to [i], for example: U+1650 ᙐ CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SE, U+1652 ᙒ CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SI.

Keyboard input[edit]

On computers, the interpunct may be available through various key combinations, depending on the operating system and the keyboard layout. Assuming a QWERTY keyboard layout unless otherwise stated:

• on Apple macOS, an interpunct can be entered by pressing ⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+9 (or ⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+. on the Norwegian and Swedish keyboard layouts, ⌥ Opt+. on the Danish keyboard layout, ⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+F on the French keyboard layout and on the French Canadian keyboard layout ⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+H );
• on Linux computers with the X Window System and on ChromeOS it can be inserted by pressing AltGr+.; it can also be inserted via the Compose key sequence ^+.. Alternatively, using the generic Unicode input method, it may be obtained by pressing Ctrl+⇧ Shift+U and then typing b7↵ Enter (B7 Is the Unicode hexadecimal codepoint for the interpunct);
• on Microsoft Windows with codepage 1252, it can be inserted by pressing Alt+250 or Alt+0183 (on the numeric keypad). The default shortcut using AZERTY Greek polytonic keyboard layout (EL) is AltGr+⇧ Shift+$.

Similar symbols[edit]

Symbol	Character Entity	Numeric Entity	Unicode Code Point	LaTeX[18]	Notes
·	· · ·	·	U+00B7 MIDDLE DOT	textperiodcentered	The interpunct
ˑ		ˑ	U+02D1 MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON		IPA interpunct symbol: the triangular middot.
·		·	U+0387 GREEK ANO TELEIA		Greek ánō stigmē
ּ		ּ	U+05BC HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPPIQ		Hebrew point dagesh or mapiq
᛫		᛫	U+16EB RUNIC SINGLE PUNCTUATION		Runic punctuation
•	•	•	U+2022 BULLET	textbullet	bullet, often used to mark list items
‧		‧	U+2027 HYPHENATION POINT		hyphenation point (dictionaries)
∘	∘	∘	U+2218 RING OPERATOR	circ	ring operator (mathematics)
∙		∙	U+2219 BULLET OPERATOR	bullet	bullet operator (mathematics)
⋅	⋅	⋅	U+22C5 DOT OPERATOR	cdot, cdotp	dot operator (mathematics)
⏺		⏺	U+23FA BLACK CIRCLE FOR RECORD		black circle for record
●		●	U+25CF BLACK CIRCLE
◦		◦	U+25E6 WHITE BULLET		hollow bullet
⚫		⚫	U+26AB MEDIUM CIRCLE BLACK		medium black circle
⦁		⦁	U+2981 Z NOTATION SPOT		symbol used by the Z notation[19]
⸰		⸰	U+2E30 RING POINT		Avestan punctuation mark
⸱		⸱	U+2E31 WORD SEPARATOR MIDDLE DOT		word separator (Avestan and other scripts)
⸳		⸳	U+2E33 RAISED DOT		vertical position between full stop and middle dot
・		・	U+30FB KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT		fullwidth katakana middle dot
ꞏ		ꞏ	U+A78F LATIN LETTER SINOLOGICAL DOT		as a letter
･		･	U+FF65 HALFWIDTH KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT		halfwidth katakana middle dot
𐄁		𐄁	U+10101 AEGEAN WORD SEPARATOR DOT		word separator for Aegean scripts[20] (Linear A and Linear B)

Characters in the Symbol column above may not render correctly in all browsers.

See also[edit]

• Punctuation
• Syllabification
• Dot (disambiguation)

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Media related to Interpuncts at Wikimedia Commons