Definition of the word transport

Transport (in British English), or transportation (in American English), is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land (rail and road), water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport enables human trade, which is essential for the development of civilizations.

Transport infrastructure consists of both fixed installations, including roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals, and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance.

Means of transport are any of the different kinds of transport facilities used to carry people or cargo. They may include vehicles, riding animals, and pack animals. Vehicles may include wagons, automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, helicopters, watercraft, spacecraft, and aircraft.

Modes[edit]

A mode of transport is a solution that makes use of a certain type of vehicle, infrastructure, and operation. The transport of a person or of cargo may involve one mode or several of the modes, with the latter case being called inter-modal or multi-modal transport. Each mode has its own advantages and disadvantages, and will be chosen on the basis of cost, capability, and route.

Governments deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose, including financing, legalities, and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode.

Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air pollution and use large amounts of land. While it is heavily subsidized by governments, good planning of transport is essential to make traffic flow and restrain urban sprawl.

Human-powered[edit]

Human-powered transport, a form of sustainable transport, is the transport of people and/or goods using human muscle-power, in the form of walking, running, and swimming. Modern technology has allowed machines to enhance human power. Human-powered transport remains popular for reasons of cost-saving, leisure, physical exercise, and environmentalism; it is sometimes the only type available, especially in underdeveloped or inaccessible regions.

Although humans are able to walk without infrastructure, the transport can be enhanced through the use of roads, especially when using the human power with vehicles, such as bicycles and inline skates. Human-powered vehicles have also been developed for difficult environments, such as snow and water, by watercraft rowing and skiing; even the air can be entered with human-powered aircraft.

Animal-powered[edit]

Animal-powered transport is the use of working animals for the movement of people and commodities. Humans may ride some of the animals directly, use them as pack animals for carrying goods, or harness them, alone or in teams, to pull sleds or wheeled vehicles.

Air[edit]

A fixed-wing aircraft, commonly called an airplane, is a heavier-than-air craft where movement of the air in relation to the wings is used to generate lift. The term is used to distinguish this from rotary-wing aircraft, where the movement of the lift surfaces relative to the air generates lift. A gyroplane is both fixed-wing and rotary wing. Fixed-wing aircraft range from small trainers and recreational aircraft to large airliners and military cargo aircraft.

Two things necessary for aircraft are air flow over the wings for lift and an area for landing. The majority of aircraft also need an airport with the infrastructure for maintenance, restocking, and refueling and for the loading and unloading of crew, cargo, and passengers.^[1] While the vast majority of aircraft land and take off on land, some are capable of take-off and landing on ice, snow, and calm water.

The aircraft is the second fastest method of transport, after the rocket. Commercial jets can reach up to 955 kilometres per hour (593 mph), single-engine aircraft 555 kilometres per hour (345 mph). Aviation is able to quickly transport people and limited amounts of cargo over longer distances, but incurs high costs and energy use; for short distances or in inaccessible places, helicopters can be used.^[2] As of April 28, 2009, The Guardian article notes that «the WHO estimates that up to 500,000 people are on planes at any time.»^[3]

Land[edit]

Land transport covers all land-based transport systems that provide for the movement of people, goods, and services. Land transport plays a vital role in linking communities to each other. Land transport is a key factor in urban planning. It consists of two kinds, rail and road.

Rail[edit]

Rail transport is where a train runs along a set of two parallel steel rails, known as a railway or railroad. The rails are anchored perpendicular to ties (or sleepers) of timber, concrete, or steel, to maintain a consistent distance apart, or gauge. The rails and perpendicular beams are placed on a foundation made of concrete or compressed earth and gravel in a bed of ballast. Alternative methods include monorail and maglev.

A train consists of one or more connected vehicles that operate on the rails. Propulsion is commonly provided by a locomotive, that hauls a series of unpowered cars, that can carry passengers or freight. The locomotive can be powered by steam, by diesel, or by electricity supplied by trackside systems. Alternatively, some or all the cars can be powered, known as a multiple unit. Also, a train can be powered by horses, cables, gravity, pneumatics, and gas turbines. Railed vehicles move with much less friction than rubber tires on paved roads, making trains more energy efficient, though not as efficient as ships.

Intercity trains are long-haul services connecting cities;^[4] modern high-speed rail is capable of speeds up to 350 km/h (220 mph), but this requires specially built track. Regional and commuter trains feed cities from suburbs and surrounding areas, while intra-urban transport is performed by high-capacity tramways and rapid transits, often making up the backbone of a city’s public transport. Freight trains traditionally used box cars, requiring manual loading and unloading of the cargo. Since the 1960s, container trains have become the dominant solution for general freight, while large quantities of bulk are transported by dedicated trains.

Road[edit]

A road is an identifiable route, way, or path between two or more places.^[5] Roads are typically smoothed, paved, or otherwise prepared to allow easy travel;^[6] though they need not be, and historically many roads were simply recognizable routes without any formal construction or maintenance.^[7] In urban areas, roads may pass through a city or village and be named as streets, serving a dual function as urban space easement and route.^[8]

The most common road vehicle is the automobile; a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor. Other users of roads include buses, trucks, motorcycles, bicycles, and pedestrians. As of 2010, there were 1.015 billion automobiles worldwide.
Road transport offers complete freedom to road users to transfer the vehicle from one lane to the other and from one road to another according to the need and convenience. This flexibility of changes in location, direction, speed, and timings of travel is not available to other modes of transport. It is possible to provide door-to-door service only by road transport.

Automobiles provide high flexibility with low capacity, but require high energy and area use, and are the main source of harmful noise and air pollution in cities;^[9] buses allow for more efficient travel at the cost of reduced flexibility.^[4] Road transport by truck is often the initial and final stage of freight transport.

Water[edit]

Water transport is movement by means of a watercraft—such as a barge, boat, ship, or sailboat—over a body of water, such as a sea, ocean, lake, canal, or river. The need for buoyancy is common to watercraft, making the hull a dominant aspect of its construction, maintenance, and appearance.

In the 19th century, the first steam ships were developed, using a steam engine to drive a paddle wheel or propeller to move the ship. The steam was produced in a boiler using wood or coal and fed through a steam external combustion engine. Now most ships have an internal combustion engine using a slightly refined type of petroleum called bunker fuel. Some ships, such as submarines, use nuclear power to produce the steam. Recreational or educational craft still use wind power, while some smaller craft use internal combustion engines to drive one or more propellers or, in the case of jet boats, an inboard water jet. In shallow draft areas, hovercraft are propelled by large pusher-prop fans. (See Marine propulsion.)

Although it is slow compared to other transport, modern sea transport is a highly efficient method of transporting large quantities of goods. Commercial vessels, nearly 35,000 in number, carried 7.4 billion tons of cargo in 2007.^[10] Transport by water is significantly less costly than air transport for transcontinental shipping;^[11] short sea shipping and ferries remain viable in coastal areas.^[12][13]

Other modes[edit]

Pipeline transport sends goods through a pipe; most commonly liquid and gases are sent, but pneumatic tubes can also send solid capsules using compressed air. For liquids/gases, any chemically stable liquid or gas can be sent through a pipeline. Short-distance systems exist for sewage, slurry, water, and beer, while long-distance networks are used for petroleum and natural gas.

Cable transport is a broad mode where vehicles are pulled by cables instead of an internal power source. It is most commonly used at steep gradient. Typical solutions include aerial tramways, elevators, and ski lifts; some of these are also categorized as conveyor transport.

Spaceflight is transport out of Earth’s atmosphere into outer space by means of a spacecraft. While large amounts of research have gone into technology, it is rarely used except to put satellites into orbit and conduct scientific experiments. However, man has landed on the moon, and probes have been sent to all the planets of the Solar System.

Suborbital spaceflight is the fastest of the existing and planned transport systems from a place on Earth to a distant «other place» on Earth. Faster transport could be achieved through part of a low Earth orbit or by following that trajectory even faster, using the propulsion of the rocket to steer it.

Elements[edit]

Infrastructure[edit]

Infrastructure is the fixed installations that allow a vehicle to operate. It consists of a roadway, a terminal, and facilities for parking and maintenance. For rail, pipeline, road, and cable transport, the entire way the vehicle travels must be constructed. Air and watercraft are able to avoid this, since the airway and seaway do not need to be constructed. However, they require fixed infrastructure at terminals.

Terminals such as airports, ports, and stations, are locations where passengers and freight can be transferred from one vehicle or mode to another. For passenger transport, terminals are integrating different modes to allow riders, who are interchanging between modes, to take advantage of each mode’s benefits. For instance, airport rail links connect airports to the city centres and suburbs. The terminals for automobiles are parking lots, while buses and coaches can operate from simple stops.^[14] For freight, terminals act as transshipment points, though some cargo is transported directly from the point of production to the point of use.

The financing of infrastructure can either be public or private. Transport is often a natural monopoly and a necessity for the public; roads, and in some countries railways and airports, are funded through taxation. New infrastructure projects can have high costs and are often financed through debt. Many infrastructure owners, therefore, impose usage fees, such as landing fees at airports or toll plazas on roads. Independent of this, authorities may impose taxes on the purchase or use of vehicles. Because of poor forecasting and overestimation of passenger numbers by planners, there is frequently a benefits shortfall for transport infrastructure projects.^[15]

Means of transport[edit]

Animals[edit]

Animals used in transportation include pack animals and riding animals.

Vehicles[edit]

A vehicle is a non-living device that is used to move people and goods. Unlike the infrastructure, the vehicle moves along with the cargo and riders. Unless being pulled/pushed by a cable or muscle-power, the vehicle must provide its own propulsion; this is most commonly done through a steam engine, combustion engine, electric motor, jet engine, or rocket, though other means of propulsion also exist. Vehicles also need a system of converting the energy into movement; this is most commonly done through wheels, propellers, and pressure.

Vehicles are most commonly staffed by a driver. However, some systems, such as people movers and some rapid transits, are fully automated. For passenger transport, the vehicle must have a compartment, seat, or platform for the passengers. Simple vehicles, such as automobiles, bicycles, or simple aircraft, may have one of the passengers as a driver. Recently, the progress related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution has brought a lot of new emerging technologies for transportation and automotive fields such as Connected Vehicles and Autonomous Driving. These innovations are said to form future mobility, but concerns remain on safety and cybersecurity, particularly concerning connected and autonomous mobility. ^[16]

Operation[edit]

Private transport is only subject to the owner of the vehicle, who operates the vehicle themselves. For public transport and freight transport, operations are done through private enterprise or by governments. The infrastructure and vehicles may be owned and operated by the same company, or they may be operated by different entities. Traditionally, many countries have had a national airline and national railway. Since the 1980s, many of these have been privatized. International shipping remains a highly competitive industry with little regulation,^[17] but ports can be public-owned.^[18]

Policy[edit]

This section is missing information about most of what constitutes official traffic management and planning, how it integrates with other fields of politics and how it is enforced. Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (December 2021)

As the population of the world increases, cities grow in size and population—according to the United Nations, 55% of the world’s population live in cities, and by 2050 this number is expected to rise to 68%.^[19] Public transport policy must evolve to meet the changing priorities of the urban world.^[20] The institution of policy enforces order in transport, which is by nature chaotic as people attempt to travel from one place to another as fast as possible. This policy helps to reduce accidents and save lives.

Functions[edit]

Relocation of travelers and cargo are the most common uses of transport. However, other uses exist, such as the strategic and tactical relocation of armed forces during warfare, or the civilian mobility construction or emergency equipment.

Passenger[edit]

Passenger transport, or travel, is divided into public and private transport. Public transport is scheduled services on fixed routes, while private is vehicles that provide ad hoc services at the riders desire. The latter offers better flexibility, but has lower capacity and a higher environmental impact. Travel may be as part of daily commuting or for business, leisure, or migration.

Short-haul transport is dominated by the automobile and mass transit. The latter consists of buses in rural and small cities, supplemented with commuter rail, trams, and rapid transit in larger cities. Long-haul transport involves the use of the automobile, trains, coaches, and aircraft, the last of which have become predominantly used for the longest, including intercontinental, travel. Intermodal passenger transport is where a journey is performed through the use of several modes of transport; since all human transport normally starts and ends with walking, all passenger transport can be considered intermodal. Public transport may also involve the intermediate change of vehicle, within or across modes, at a transport hub, such as a bus or railway station.

Taxis and buses can be found on both ends of the public transport spectrum. Buses are the cheapest mode of transport but are not necessarily flexible, and taxis are very flexible but more expensive. In the middle is demand-responsive transport, offering flexibility whilst remaining affordable.

International travel may be restricted for some individuals due to legislation and visa requirements.

Medical[edit]

An ambulance is a vehicle used to transport people from or between places of treatment,^[21] and in some instances will also provide out-of-hospital medical care to the patient. The word is often associated with road-going «emergency ambulances», which form part of emergency medical services, administering emergency care to those with acute medical problems.

Air medical services is a comprehensive term covering the use of air transport to move patients to and from healthcare facilities and accident scenes. Personnel provide comprehensive prehospital and emergency and critical care to all types of patients during aeromedical evacuation or rescue operations, aboard helicopters, propeller aircraft, or jet aircraft.^[22][23]

Freight[edit]

Freight transport, or shipping, is a key in the value chain in manufacturing.^[24] With increased specialization and globalization, production is being located further away from consumption, rapidly increasing the demand for transport.^[25] Transport creates place utility by moving the goods from the place of production to the place of consumption.^[26] While all modes of transport are used for cargo transport, there is high differentiation between the nature of the cargo transport, in which mode is chosen.^[27] Logistics refers to the entire process of transferring products from producer to consumer, including storage, transport, transshipment, warehousing, material-handling, and packaging, with associated exchange of information.^[28] Incoterm deals with the handling of payment and responsibility of risk during transport.^[29]

Containerization, with the standardization of ISO containers on all vehicles and at all ports, has revolutionized international and domestic trade, offering a huge reduction in transshipment costs. Traditionally, all cargo had to be manually loaded and unloaded into the haul of any ship or car; containerization allows for automated handling and transfer between modes, and the standardized sizes allow for gains in economy of scale in vehicle operation. This has been one of the key driving factors in international trade and globalization since the 1950s.^[30]

Bulk transport is common with cargo that can be handled roughly without deterioration; typical examples are ore, coal, cereals, and petroleum. Because of the uniformity of the product, mechanical handling can allow enormous quantities to be handled quickly and efficiently. The low value of the cargo combined with high volume also means that economies of scale become essential in transport, and gigantic ships and whole trains are commonly used to transport bulk. Liquid products with sufficient volume may also be transported by pipeline.

Air freight has become more common for products of high value; while less than one percent of world transport by volume is by airline, it amounts to forty percent of the value. Time has become especially important in regards to principles such as postponement and just-in-time within the value chain, resulting in a high willingness to pay for quick delivery of key components or items of high value-to-weight ratio.^[31] In addition to mail, common items sent by air include electronics and fashion clothing.

Industry[edit]

Impact[edit]

Economic[edit]

Transport is a key necessity for specialization—allowing production and consumption of products to occur at different locations. Throughout history, transport has been a spur to expansion; better transport allows more trade and a greater spread of people. Economic growth has always been dependent on increasing the capacity and rationality of transport.^[32] But the infrastructure and operation of transport have a great impact on the land, and transport is the largest drainer of energy, making transport sustainability a major issue.

Due to the way modern cities and communities are planned and operated, a physical distinction between home and work is usually created, forcing people to transport themselves to places of work, study, or leisure, as well as to temporarily relocate for other daily activities. Passenger transport is also the essence of tourism, a major part of recreational transport. Commerce requires the transport of people to conduct business, either to allow face-to-face communication for important decisions or to move specialists from their regular place of work to sites where they are needed.

In lean thinking, transporting materials or work in process from one location to another is seen as one of the seven wastes (Japanese term: muda) which do not add value to a product.^[33]

Planning[edit]

Transport planning allows for high utilization and less impact regarding new infrastructure. Using models of transport forecasting, planners are able to predict future transport patterns. On the operative level, logistics allows owners of cargo to plan transport as part of the supply chain. Transport as a field is also studied through transport economics, a component for the creation of regulation policy by authorities. Transport engineering, a sub-discipline of civil engineering, must take into account trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice, and route assignment, while the operative level is handled through traffic engineering.

Because of the negative impacts incurred, transport often becomes the subject of controversy related to choice of mode, as well as increased capacity. Automotive transport can be seen as a tragedy of the commons, where the flexibility and comfort for the individual deteriorate the natural and urban environment for all. Density of development depends on mode of transport, with public transport allowing for better spatial utilization. Good land use keeps common activities close to people’s homes and places higher-density development closer to transport lines and hubs, to minimize the need for transport. There are economies of agglomeration. Beyond transport, some land uses are more efficient when clustered. Transport facilities consume land, and in cities pavement (devoted to streets and parking) can easily exceed 20 percent of the total land use. An efficient transport system can reduce land waste.

Too much infrastructure and too much smoothing for maximum vehicle throughput mean that in many cities there is too much traffic and many—if not all—of the negative impacts that come with it. It is only in recent years that traditional practices have started to be questioned in many places; as a result of new types of analysis which bring in a much broader range of skills than those traditionally relied on—spanning such areas as environmental impact analysis, public health, sociology, and economics—the viability of the old mobility solutions is increasingly being questioned.

Environment[edit]

Transport is a major use of energy and burns most of the world’s petroleum. This creates air pollution, including nitrous oxides and particulates, and is a significant contributor to global warming through emission of carbon dioxide,^[35] for which transport is the fastest-growing emission sector.^[36] By sub-sector, road transport is the largest contributor to global warming.^[37] Environmental regulations in developed countries have reduced individual vehicles’ emissions; however, this has been offset by increases in the numbers of vehicles and in the use of each vehicle.^[35] Some pathways to reduce the carbon emissions of road vehicles considerably have been studied.^[38][39] Energy use and emissions vary largely between modes, causing environmentalists to call for a transition from air and road to rail and human-powered transport, as well as increased transport electrification and energy efficiency.

Other environmental impacts of transport systems include traffic congestion and automobile-oriented urban sprawl, which can consume natural habitat and agricultural lands. By reducing transport emissions globally, it is predicted that there will be significant positive effects on Earth’s air quality, acid rain, smog, and climate change.^[40]

While electric cars are being built to cut down CO2 emission at the point of use, an approach that is becoming popular among cities worldwide is to prioritize public transport, bicycles, and pedestrian movement. Redirecting vehicle movement to create 20-minute neighbourhoods^[41] that promotes exercise while greatly reducing vehicle dependency and pollution. Some policies are levying a congestion charge^[42] to cars for travelling within congested areas during peak time.

Sustainable development[edit]

The United Nations first formally recognized the role of transport in sustainable development in the 1992 United Nations Earth summit. In the 2012 United Nations World Conference, global leaders unanimously recognized that transport and mobility are central to achieving the sustainability targets. In recent years, data has been collected to show that the transport sector contributes to a quarter of the global greenhouse gas emissions, and therefore sustainable transport has been mainstreamed across several of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, especially those related to food, security, health, energy, economic growth, infrastructure, and cities and human settlements. Meeting sustainable transport targets is said to be particularly important to achieving the Paris Agreement.^[43]

There are various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that are promoting sustainable transport in order to meet the defined goals. These include SDG 3 on health (increased road safety), SDG 7 on energy, SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth, SDG 9 on resilient infrastructure, SDG 11 on sustainable cities (access to transport and expanded public transport), SDG 12 on sustainable consumption and production (ending fossil fuel subsidies), and SDG 14 on oceans, seas, and marine resources.^[44]

History[edit]

Natural[edit]

Humans’ first ways to move included walking, running, and swimming. The domestication of animals introduced a new way to lay the burden of transport on more powerful creatures, allowing the hauling of heavier loads, or humans riding animals for greater speed and duration. Inventions such as the wheel and the sled (U.K. sledge) helped make animal transport more efficient through the introduction of vehicles.

The first forms of road transport involved animals, such as horses (domesticated in the 4th or the 3rd millennium BCE), oxen (from about 8000 BCE),^[45] or humans carrying goods over dirt tracks that often followed game trails.

Infrastructure[edit]

Many early civilizations, including those in Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley, constructed paved roads. In classical antiquity, the Persian and Roman empires built stone-paved roads to allow armies to travel quickly. Deep roadbeds of crushed stone underneath kept such roads dry. The medieval Caliphate later built tar-paved roads.

Water transport[edit]

Water transport, including rowed and sailed vessels, dates back to time immemorial and was the only efficient way to transport large quantities or over large distances prior to the Industrial Revolution. The first watercraft were canoes cut out from tree trunks. Early water transport was accomplished with ships that were either rowed or used the wind for propulsion, or a combination of the two. The importance of water has led to most cities that grew up as sites for trading being located on rivers or on the sea-shore, often at the intersection of two bodies of water.

Mechanical[edit]

Until the Industrial Revolution, transport remained slow and costly, and production and consumption gravitated as close to each other as feasible.^{[citation needed]} The Industrial Revolution in the 19th century saw several inventions fundamentally change transport. With telegraphy, communication became instant and independent of the transport of physical objects. The invention of the steam engine, closely followed by its application in rail transport, made land transport independent of human or animal muscles. Both speed and capacity increased, allowing specialization through manufacturing being located independently of natural resources. The 19th century also saw the development of the steam ship, which sped up global transport.

With the development of the combustion engine and the automobile around 1900, road transport became more competitive again, and mechanical private transport originated. The first «modern» highways were constructed during the 19th century^{[citation needed]} with macadam. Later, tarmac and concrete became the dominant paving materials.

In 1903 the Wright brothers demonstrated the first successful controllable airplane, and after World War I (1914–1918) aircraft became a fast way to transport people and express goods over long distances.^[46]

After World War II (1939–1945) the automobile and airlines took higher shares of transport, reducing rail and water to freight and short-haul passenger services.^[47] Scientific spaceflight began in the 1950s, with rapid growth until the 1970s, when interest dwindled. In the 1950s the introduction of containerization gave massive efficiency gains in freight transport, fostering globalization.^[30] International air travel became much more accessible in the 1960s with the commercialization of the jet engine. Along with the growth in automobiles and motorways, rail and water transport declined in relative importance. After the introduction of the Shinkansen in Japan in 1964, high-speed rail in Asia and Europe started attracting passengers on long-haul routes away from the airlines.^[47]

Early in U.S. history,^[when?] private joint-stock corporations owned most aqueducts, bridges, canals, railroads, roads, and tunnels. Most such transport infrastructure came under government control in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, culminating in the nationalization of inter-city passenger rail-service with the establishment of Amtrak. Recently,^[when?] however, a movement to privatize roads and other infrastructure has gained some^[quantify] ground and adherents.^[48]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

• Bardi, Edward; Coyle, John & Novack, Robert (2006). Management of Transportation. Australia: Thomson South-Western. ISBN 0-324-31443-4. OCLC 62259402.
• Chopra, Sunil & Meindl, Peter (2007). Supply chain management : strategy, planning, and operation (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson. ISBN 978-0-13-208608-0. OCLC 63808135.
• Cooper, Christopher P.; Shepherd, Rebecca (1998). Tourism: Principles and Practice (2nd ed.). Harlow, England: Financial Times Prent. Int. ISBN 978-0-582-31273-9. OCLC 39945061. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
• Lay, Maxwell G (1992). Ways of the World: A History of the World’s Roads and of the Vehicles that Used Them. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-2691-4. OCLC 804297312.
• Stopford, Martin (1997). Maritime Economics (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-15310-7. OCLC 36824728.

External links[edit]

• Transportation from UCB Libraries GovPubs
• Transportation at Curlie
• America On the Move An online transportation exhibition from the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
• World Transportation Organization The world transportation organization (The Non-Profit Advisory Organization)

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The factors that have been holding farmers back are similar to those that threaten other types of growth in Africa. Infrastructure and transport are in many cases quite poor, resulting in the losses of huge amounts of produce.

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ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD TRANSPORT

From Latin transportāre, from trans- + portāre to carry.

PRONUNCIATION OF TRANSPORT

GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF TRANSPORT

Transport is a verb and can also act as a noun.

WHAT DOES TRANSPORT MEAN IN ENGLISH?

Definition of transport in the English dictionary

The first definition of transport in the dictionary is to carry or cause to go from one place to another, esp over some distance. Other definition of transport is to deport or exile to a penal colony. Transport is also to have a strong emotional effect on.

CONJUGATION OF THE VERB TO TRANSPORT

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

CONDITIONAL

IMPERATIVE

NONFINITE VERB FORMS

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SYNONYMS OF «TRANSPORT»

The following words have a similar or identical meaning as «transport» and belong to the same grammatical category.

TRANSLATION OF TRANSPORT

Find out the translation of transport to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator.

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The term «transport» is very widely used and occupies the 1.980 position in our list of most widely used terms in the English dictionary.

Principal search tendencies and common uses of transport

FREQUENCY OF USE OF THE TERM «TRANSPORT» OVER TIME

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Discover the use of transport in the following bibliographical selection. Books relating to transport and brief extracts from same to provide context of its use in English literature.

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Find out what the national and international press are talking about and how the term transport is used in the context of the following news items.

REFERENCE

« EDUCALINGO. Transport [online]. Available <https://educalingo.com/en/dic-en/transport>. Apr 2023 ».

1	0   0 One of three distinct processes involved in erosion. It is the movement of eroded material in the medium of air, water or ice.

2	0   0 Transport   Movement of natural, synthetic, and/or supplemental gas between points beyond the immediate vicinity of the field or plant from which produced except (1) for movements through well or field lines [..]

3	0   0 Transport The EU has created a legal framework in the transport sector aimed at facilitating the free movement of persons and goods across the Union. According to the EC Treaty, the measures put in place within [..]

4	0   0 Transport late 14c., «convey from one place to another,» from Old French transporter «carry or convey across; overwhelm (emotionally)» (14c.) or directly from Latin transportare «carry [..]

5	0   0 Transport mid-15c., originally «mental exaltation;» sense of «means of transportation, carriage, conveyance» is recorded from 1690s; from transport (v.).

6	0   0 Transport to move material from one place to another.

7	0   0 Transport Any of the functions carried out by protocols in the Network or Transport Layers.

8	0   0 Transport conveyance: something that serves as a means of transportation move something or somebody around; usually over long distances an exchange of molecules (and their kinetic energy and momentum) across th [..]

9	0   0 Transport to carry something from one place to another

10

0   0 Transport 1. In telecommunications, to convey information from one location to another. [J.Beaty, FAA] 2. Facilities associated with the carriage of OC-1 or higher level signals. 3. A process used to convey data from one point to another point or points by placing the data in defined structures (packets) in accordance with a standard or an RFC. Examples incl [..]

11	0   0 Transport two types: In human geography, the movement of goods or people by vehicle         In physical geography, the movement of sediment load by water, wind or ice.

12	0   0 Transport ariberfirn

13	0   0 Transport The transport layer is responsible for handing the layers above it a reliable connection. In this context, reliable refers to the ability to verify that a piece of data was received intact at the othe [..]

14	0   0 Transport The transport layer is responsible for communication between processes. This level of networking utilizes ports to address different services. It can build up unreliable or reliable connections depend [..]

15	0   0 Transport To move cargo from one place to another.

16	0   0 Transport To move cargo from one place to another. See Transportation.

17	0   0 Transport Consumption in transport covers all transport activity (in mobile engines) regardless of the economic sector to which it is contributing [ISIC Divisions 49 to 51], and is specified as follows:

18	0   0 Transport Ansible uses :term:Connection Plugins to define types of available transports. These are simply how Ansible will reach out to managed systems. Transports included are paramiko, ssh (using OpenSSH), an [..]

19

0   0 Transport A subject committee of the Parliament, of 8 members, the remit of the committee is to consider and report on (a) matters relating to transport and infrastructure falling within the remit of the Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Sustainable Growth and (b) matters relating to climate change falling within the remit of the Cabinet Secretary for Rural [..]

20	0   0 Transport Pursuant to 50 CFR 14.102 [Title 50 — Wildlife and Fisheries; Chapter I — United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior], the term transport means «to move, convey, carry, [..]

21	0   0 Transport A telecommunication service to move data, Internet, voice, video, or wireless traffic from one location to another

22	0   0 Transport (n) something that serves as a means of transportation(n) an exchange of molecules (and their kinetic energy and momentum) across the boundary between adjacent layers of a fluid or across cell membr [..]

23	0   0 Transport is the amount of water flowing per unit time. Transport values are either given as a volume transport, VA, where V is the average velocity perpendicular to the plane with surface area A. Its units are m3

24	0   0 Transport (Compliance) — On the Insurance Compliance system, to move information from one record to another. Employer information and employer coverage information can be transported.

25	0   0 Transport vehicle (1)

26	0   0 Transport The horizontal or vertical displacement of a pollutant from its emission source that can be carried through the atmosphere over some distance.

27	0   0 Transport Ion Transport that is coupled to an energy-yielding process. When Proteins such as Ion Pumps couple transport directly to a chemical or photochemical reaction such as ATP Hydrolysis the process is con [..]

28	0   0 Transport The directed transport of Organelles and molecules along Nerve Cell Axons. Transport can be anterograde (from the Cell body) or retrograde (toward the Cell body). (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of [..]

29	0   0 Transport The Movement of materials (including biochemical substances and Drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across Cell Membranes and epithelial layers. It also can [..]

30	0   0 Transport The process by which Electrons are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular Oxygen. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

31	0   0 Transport The Movement of Ions across energy-transducing Cell Membranes. Transport can be active, passive or facilitated. Ions may Travel by themselves (uniport), or as a group of two or more Ions in the same ( [..]

32	0   0 Transport A non-specific host defense mechanism that removes Mucus and other material from the Lungs by ciliary and secretory activity of the tracheobronchial submucosal glands. It is measured in vivo as Mucus [..]

33	0   0 Transport Gated transport mechanisms by which Proteins or RNA are moved across the Nuclear Membrane.

34	0   0 Transport The processes of Diffusion across the Blood-Air Barrier, and the chemical reactions coupled with Diffusion that effect the rate of Pulmonary Gas Exchange, generally at the alveolar level.

35	0   0 Transport The process of moving specific RNA molecules from one cellular compartment or region to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms.

36	0   0 Transport Passive or active Movement of Spermatozoa from the testicular Seminiferous Tubules through the male reproductive tract as well as within the female reproductive tract.

37	0   0 Transport The transport of materials through a Cell. It includes the uptake of materials by the Cell (Endocytosis), the Movement of those materials through the Cell, and the subsequent Secretion of those materi [..]

38	0   0 Transport The Movement of materials across Cell Membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.

39	0   0 Transport Conveying ill or injured individuals from one place to another.

40	0   0 Transport To carry from one place to another. Particularly applied to a vessel carrying troops or government stores.

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0   0 Transport Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Northern Territory Hospital Covers pay the cost of emergency ambulance services when transported directly to hospital or treated at the scene due to a medical emergency. Transport.. Read more Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Northern Territory [..]

42	0   0 Transport the procedures associated with the carrying of animals for commercial purposes from one location to another by any means.

43	0   0 Transport Take or carry goods from one place to another.

44	0   0 Transport The term “transport” assesses distance and spatial distribution in reference to the organism’s concentration at a certain time after its release. It focuses on movement of an organism as dist [..]

45	0   0 Transport The obvious definition of ‘transportation’ is the movement of goods or people over space. But conventionally we do not include short trips inside the …

46	0   0 Transport A Transport represents a server to which content can be published. Transports can be used by one or more Destinations.  Destinations provide an extra layer of abstraction on top of Transports that al [..]

47	0   0 Transport The collection of interconnected pathways within a network infrastructure that allow information to traverse from system to system or system to user. It is also the movement of information and/or knowledge among consumers, producers, and intermediate entities.

48	0   0 Transport These games allow the player to take control of or otherwise focus transporting people or cargo using vehicles.

49	0   0 Transport  (verb trans-PORT) to take or carry goods or people from one place to another. (noun TRANS-port) A system or means of conveying people or goods from place to place by means of a vehicle, aircraft o [..]

50	0   0 Transport Grisebach undertakes transport of an art work to their premises only upon agreement with the consignor. Grisebach also recommends appropriate modes of transportation respectively shipping methods. Our [..]

51	0   0 Transport To move cargo from one place to another.

52	0   0 Transport The portion of a tape machine, which moves the tape from the supply reel, past the heads, to the take-up reel.

53	0   0 Transport A system or means of conveying people or goods from place to place

54	0   0 Transport Transport is the movement of people or goods from place to place. Transport may also refer to:

55	0   0 Transport Transport or transportation is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another. In other words the action of transportation is defined as a particular movement of an organism or [..]

56	0   0 Transport A transport is a device that handles a particular physical storage medium (such as magnetic tape, audio CD, CD-R, or other type of recordable media) itself, and extracts or records the information to [..]

57	0   0 Transport Transport or transportation is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another. In other words the action of transportation is defined as a particular movement of an organism or [..]

58	0   0 Transport Transport or transportation is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another. In other words the action of transportation is defined as a particular movement of an organism or [..]

59	0   0 Transport Transport is a three-piece independent rock band from Brisbane, Queensland, made up of Keir Nuttall (guitar, vocals), Scott Saunders (bass, vocals) and Steve Pope (drums).

60	0   0 Transport Transport or transportation is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another. In other words the action of transportation is defined as a particular movement of an organism or [..]

61	0   0 Transport A SAP transport is a package which is used to transfer data from one SAP installation to another. This data can range from a simple printer driver to a whole SAP client. It can be considered as an «up [..]

62	0   0 Transport Transport or transportation is the movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another. In other words the action of transportation is defined as a particular movement of an organism or [..]

63	0   0 Transport The Transport (Compliance and Miscellaneous) Act 1983 (the Act) is a prime statute regulating transport activities in the State of Victoria, Australia. Key areas regulated by the statute currently in [..]

64	0   0 Transport The Transport (Wales) Act 2006 (c 5) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was passed in response to a resolution approved by the National Assembly for Wales on 17 March 2004.

65	0   0 Transport The Transport functional constituency (Chinese: 航運交通界功能界別) is a functional constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. 178 electors are only limited to tr [..]

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