Definition of the word normal

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin normālis (“made according to a carpenter’s square; later: according to a rule”), from nōrma (“carpenter’s square”), of uncertain origin.^[1][2][3][4] The earliest use of the word in English was to mean «perpendicular; forming a right angle» like something normālis (“made according to a carpenter’s square”),^[1][5] but by Late Latin normālis had also come to mean «according to a rule», from which modern English senses of the word derive:^[5] in the 1800s, as people began to quantitatively study things like height and weight and blood pressure, the usual or most common values came to be referred to as «normal», and by extension values regarded as healthy or desirable came to be called «normal» regardless of their usuality.^[6]

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔːml̩/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈnɔɹm(ə)l/
• Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)məl
• Hyphenation: norm‧al

Adjective[edit]

normal (comparative normaler or more normal, superlative normalest or most normal)

1. According to norms or rules or to a regular pattern.

   Organize the data into third normal form.

   • 2007, Steven Wilson, «Normal», Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.

     Prescription drugs, they help me through the day
     And that restraining order keeps me well at bay
     And what’s normal now, anyway?

   • 2014, Michael Rush, Politics & Society, Routledge, →ISBN, page 210:

     In other words, although the legal processes were observed, it was not a normal transfer of power within each of the ruling communist parties. […] Demonstrations of the sort that brought about the collapse of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe were not normal, and where attempts had previously been made to hold them, they were invariably suppressed by force.

   1. (mathematics) Adhering to or being what is considered natural or regular in a particular field or context:
      1. (number theory, of a real number) In whose representation in a given base b ≥ 2, for every positive integer n, the bⁿ possible strings of n digits follow a uniform distribution.

         A number whose individual digits in a given base representation follow a uniform distribution is said to be simply normal.

         A number that is normal for every base b ≥ 2 is said to be absolutely normal.

      2. (algebra, of a subgroup) With cosets which form a group.
      3. (algebra, of a field extension of a field K) Which is the splitting field of a family of polynomials in K.
      4. (probability theory, statistics, of a distribution) Which has a very specific bell curve shape; that is or has the qualities of a normal distribution.
      5. (probability theory, statistics, of a random variable, etc.) Which has a normal distribution; which is associated with a random variable that has a normal distribution.
      6. (complex analysis, of a family of continuous functions) Which is pre-compact.
      7. (set theory, of a function from the ordinals to the ordinals) Which is strictly monotonically increasing and continuous with respect to the order topology.
      8. (linear algebra, of a matrix) Which commutes with its conjugate transpose.
      9. (functional analysis, of a Hilbert space operator) Which commutes with its adjoint.
      10. (category theory) Being (as a morphism) or containing (as a category) only normal epimorphism(s) or monomorphism(s), that is, those which are the kernel or cokernel of some morphism, respectively.
      11. (topology, of a topology) In which disjoint closed sets can be separated by disjoint neighborhoods.
2. Usual, healthy; not sick or ill or unlike oneself.

   John is feeling normal again.

3. (education, of a school) teaching teachers how to teach (to certain norms)

   My grandmother attended Mankato State Normal School.

4. (chemistry) Of, relating to, or being a solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per litre of solution.
5. (organic chemistry) Describing a straight chain isomer of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, or an aliphatic compound in which a substituent is in the 1- position of such a hydrocarbon.
6. (physics, of a mode in an oscillating system) In which all parts of an object vibrate at the same frequency (see normal mode).
7. (rail transport, of points) In the default position, set for the most frequently used route.
9. (geometry) Perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or derivative of a surface.

   The interior normal vector of an ideal perfect sphere will always point toward the center, and the exterior normal vector directly away, and both will always be co-linear with the ray whose’ tip ends at the point of intersection, which is the intersection of all three sets of points.

Usage notes[edit]

• When used to describe a group of people, normal can be understood as meaning that those not part of the group are strange or freakish. Its usage can therefore be understood as offensive to those it excludes.

Synonyms[edit]

• (usual): conventional, customary, ordinary, standard, usual, regular, routine, average, expected, natural, typical, everyday, common, commonplace, general
• (healthy): hale, healthy, well
• (perpendicular): at right angles to, perpendicular, orthogonal
• (statistics): Gaussian, standard normal

Antonyms[edit]

• (usual): unconventional, nonstandard, unusual, special
• (healthy): ill, poorly (British), sick, unwell
• (perpendicular): tangential
• (rail transport): reverse

Derived terms[edit]

[edit]

• norm

Translations[edit]

Noun[edit]

normal (countable and uncountable, plural normals)

2. (geometry) A line or vector that is perpendicular to another line, surface, or plane.
3. (medicine, countable) A person who is healthy, normal, as opposed to one who is morbid.

   • 2014, Ahmet Celik, Edibe Saricicek, Vahap Saricicek, Elif Sahin, Gokhan Ozdemir, Metin Kilinc, Ayten Oguz, Relation between the new anthropometric obesity parameters and inflammatory markers in healthy adult men‎^[1], SCIRJ:

     Subjects were grouped as Group 1 and Group 2 according to VAI, and normals, overweights and obeses according to BMI.

4. (slang, countable) A person who is normal, who fits into mainstream society, as opposed to those who live alternative lifestyles.
5. (countable, uncountable) The usual state.

   His workload is now back to normal.

   Heavy workload is the new normal.

Synonyms[edit]

• (normal person): see Thesaurus:mainstreamer

Translations[edit]

References[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

• Marlon, Molnar, Morlan

Asturian[edit]

Adjective[edit]

normal (epicene, plural normales)

1. normal

Catalan[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French normal.

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /noɾˈmal/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /nurˈmal/

Adjective[edit]

normal (masculine and feminine plural normals)

1. normal

   Antonym: anormal

Derived terms[edit]

• normalitat
• normalment

Further reading[edit]

• “normal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “normal”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
• “normal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “normal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Latin nōrmālis. Synchronically analysable as norme +‎ -al.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /nɔʁ.mal/

Adjective[edit]

normal (feminine normale, masculine plural normaux, feminine plural normales)

1. normal (according to norms, usual)
2. (relational) normal (relating to a school to teach teachers how to teach)
3. okay, alright

   Antonym: anormal

Derived terms[edit]

[edit]

• norme

Further reading[edit]

• “normal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

German[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /nɔrˈmaːl/, [nɔʁˈmaːl], [nɔɐ̯-], [nɔ-], [no-]
• Rhymes: -aːl

Adjective[edit]

normal (strong nominative masculine singular normaler, comparative normaler, superlative am normalsten)

1. ordinary, normal

   völlig normal. ― completely normal.

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Adverb[edit]

normal

1. (standard) ordinarily, normally, in a normal fashion

   Er hat sich ganz normal benommen.

   He behaved quite normally.

2. (colloquial) Alternative form of normalerweise: usually, normally, in general

   Normal geh ich früh ins Bett.

   I normally go to bed early.

Interjection[edit]

normal

1. (colloquial) sure, of course, obviously; usually implies that something is trivial

   Du hast mit zwölf schon geraucht? ― Normal.

   You already smoked at twelve? ― Sure.

Further reading[edit]

• “normal” in Duden online
• “normal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Hunsrik[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /norˈmaːl/

Adjective[edit]

normal

1. normal

Declension[edit]

Declension of normal
		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
Weak inflection	nominative	normal	normal	normal	normale
accusative	normale	normal	normal	normale
dative	normale	normale	normale	normale
Strong inflection	nominative	normaler	normale	normales	normale
accusative	normale	normale	normales	normale
dative	normalem	normaler	normalem	normale

Further reading[edit]

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

Interlingua[edit]

Adjective[edit]

normal (comparative plus normal, superlative le plus normal)

1. normal

   Antonym: anormal

Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowing from English normal.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /ˈn̪ˠɔɾˠ(ə)mˠəlˠ/

Noun[edit]

normal m (genitive singular normail, nominative plural normail)

1. (geometry, statistics, chemistry) normal

Declension[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “normal”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• “normal”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2023

Ladin[edit]

Adjective[edit]

normal m (feminine singular normala, masculine plural normai, feminine plural normales)

1. normal

Norwegian Bokmål[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin normālis.

Adjective[edit]

normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

1. normal, ordinary

   Antonym: unormal

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

• “normal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin normālis.

Adjective[edit]

normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

1. normal, ordinary

   Antonym: unormal

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

• “normal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Learned borrowing from Latin normālis. By surface analysis, norma +‎ -al.

Pronunciation[edit]

• (Northeast Brazil) IPA^(key): [nɔɦˈmaw]
• (Rural Central Brazil) IPA^(key): [nuɹˈmaw]
• Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
• Hyphenation: nor‧mal

Adjective[edit]

normal m or f (plural normais)

1. normal, standard, regular
2. (geometry) normal (perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or derivative of a surface)

Derived terms[edit]

• normalizar
• normalmente

[edit]

• norma
• anormal

Romanian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from French normal, from Latin normālis.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /norˈmal/

Adjective[edit]

normal m or n (feminine singular normală, masculine plural normali, feminine and neuter plural normale)

1. normal

[edit]

• normalitate

Adverb[edit]

normal

1. normally
2. of course, obviously

   Synonyms: evident, logic

   Normal că mi-e foame.

   Of course I’m hungry.

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /noɾˈmal/ [noɾˈmal]
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: nor‧mal

Adjective[edit]

normal (plural normales)

1. normal, standard, regular, fine

   Synonyms: regular, común

   Antonyms: anormal, raro, poco común

   A mi me parece normal.

   It seems fine to me.

2. (geometry) perpendicular

   Synonym: perpendicular

   Antonyms: oblicuo, paralelo

Derived terms[edit]

Noun[edit]

normal f (plural normales)

1. (education) a school for becoming a teacher

Further reading[edit]

• “normal”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Latin nōrmālis, from nōrma + -ālis, equivalent to norm +‎ -al.

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

normal (comparative normalare, superlative normalast)

1. normal

   Antonyms: abnorm, onaturlig, onormal, sjuklig

Declension[edit]

Inflection of normal
Indefinite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative2
Common singular	normal	normalare	normalast
Neuter singular	normalt	normalare	normalast
Plural	normala	normalare	normalast
Masculine plural3	normale	normalare	normalast
Definite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Masculine singular1	normale	normalare	normalaste
All	normala	normalare	normalaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic

[edit]

• normalisera

Noun[edit]

normal c

1. (geometry) a normal (a line which is perpendicular to another line or to a surface)

   Antonym: tangent

Declension[edit]

Declension of normal
	Singular	Plural
Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	normal	normalen	normaler	normalerna
Genitive	normals	normalens	normalers	normalernas

References[edit]

• normal in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Tagalog[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Spanish normal.

Pronunciation[edit]

• Hyphenation: nor‧mal
• IPA^(key): /noɾˈmal/, [noɾˈmal]
• IPA^(key): /ˈnoɾmal/, [ˈnoɾ.mɐl]

Adjective[edit]

normal

1. normal

   Synonyms: karaniwan, regular

Derived terms[edit]

Turkish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From French normal, from Latin nōrmālis.

Pronunciation[edit]

• IPA^(key): /noɾˈmɑl/

Adjective[edit]

normal

1. normal
2. regular
3. usual

Declension[edit]

Noun[edit]

normal (definite accusative normali, uncountable)

1. normal (usual state)
2. standard

Declension[edit]

Inflection
Nominative	normal
Definite accusative	normali
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	normal	—
Definite accusative	normali	—
Dative	normale	—
Locative	normalde	—
Ablative	normalden	—
Genitive	normalin	—

Derived terms[edit]

• normalleştirmek
• normalleşmek

• 1
  normal
  
  

  normal air

  стандартная атмосфера

  normal applicable fare

  обычно действующий тариф

  normal approach

  заход на посадку по обычной схеме

  normal boom

  обычный удар

  normal cruise operation

  полет на крейсерском режиме

  normal economy fare

  обычный тариф экономического класса

  normal fare

  тариф без скидок

  normal fare ticket

  билет по основному тарифу

  normal initial climb

  начальный этап стандартного набора высоты

  normal initial climb operation

  набор высоты на начальном участке установленной траектории

  normal operating load

  нормальная эксплуатационная нагрузка

  normal operating range

  диапазон рабочих режимов

  normal takeoff procedure

  типовая схема взлета

  normal weather

  нормальные метеоусловия

  normal weather operation

  полет в нормальных метеоусловиях

  resume normal operations

  возобновлять полеты

  English-Russian aviation dictionary > normal

• 2
  normal
  
  

  normal [ˊnɔ:ml]

  1) норма́льный, обыкнове́нный; обы́чный

  2) психи́чески норма́льный

  3) сре́дний, станда́ртный

  4)

  геом.

  перпендикуля́рный

  1) норма́льное состоя́ние

  2) норма́льный тип, образе́ц, разме́р

  3)

  геом.

  норма́ль, перпендикуля́р

  4) норма́льная температу́ра

  5)

  хим.

  норма́льный раство́р

  Англо-русский словарь Мюллера > normal

• 3
  normal
  
  

  Dictionary of packaging machinery and equipment > normal

• 4
  normal
  
  

  Персональный Сократ > normal

• 5
  normal
  
  

  1. n нормальное состояние

  2. n нормальный, стандартный тип, образец, размер

  3. n хим. нормальный раствор

  4. n мат. нормаль, перпендикуляр

  5. n метеор. среднее многолетнее значение параметра

  6. n мед. нормальная температура

  7. n текст. полушерстяной трикотаж

  8. a нормальный, обыкновенный; обычный

  9. a психически нормальный

  10. a стандартный, нормальный; типовой

  11. a средний

  12. a плановый; расчётный

  13. a мат. перпендикулярный; нормальный

  14. a стат. имеющий нормальное распределение

  Синонимический ряд:

  1. healthy (adj.) healthy; in good health; sound; whole

  2. routine (adj.) methodical; orderly; regular; routine

  3. sane (adj.) all there; compos mentis; lucid; rational; reasonable; right; right-minded; sane; wholesome

  4. usual (adj.) average; common; commonplace; customary; general; matter-of-course; natural; ordinary; prevalent; run-of-the-mill; standard; traditional; typic; typical; usual

  Антонимический ряд:

  English-Russian base dictionary > normal

• 6
  normal
  
  

  Англо-русский технический словарь > normal

• 7
  normal
  
  

  1) нормаль; перпендикуляр

  3) нормальный, обыкновенный

  4) нормальное состояние, норма

  •

  English-Russian scientific dictionary > normal

• 8
  normal
  
  

  1. [ʹnɔ:m(ə)l]

  1. нормальное состояние

  2. нормальный, стандартный тип, образец, размер

  4.

  нормаль, перпендикуляр

  5.

  среднее многолетнее значение параметра

  6.

  нормальная температура

  7.

  полушерстяной трикотаж

  summer normal — летние учительские курсы усовершенствования

  2. [ʹnɔ:m(ə)l]

  1. нормальный, обыкновенный; обычный

  pulse normal for a person’s age — пульс, нормальный для данного возраста

  2. психически нормальный

  he can’t be normal! — он не в своём уме!

  3. стандартный, нормальный; типовой

  4. средний

  5. плановый; расчётный

  6.

  перпендикулярный; нормальный

  normal cross-section — поперечное сечение, сечение, перпендикулярное оси

  normal to smth. — под прямым углом к чему-л.

  7.

  имеющий нормальное распределение

  normal landing — посадка на три точки

  normal fire — одиночный огонь; обычный вид огня

  НБАРС > normal

• 9
  normal
  
  

  Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению > normal

• 10
  normal
  
  

  нормальный
  имя прилагательное:

  имя существительное:

  Англо-русский синонимический словарь > normal

• 11
  normal
  
  

  [ˈnɔ:məl]

  normal нормаль normal геом. нормаль, перпендикуляр normal мед. нормальная температура normal нормальное состояние normal нормальный, обыкновенный; обычный normal нормальный normal хим. нормальный раствор normal нормальный тип, образец, размер normal норматив normal геом. перпендикулярный normal средний, среднеарифметический normal стандартный normal стандартный образец, размер, норматив normal стандартный образец normal стандартный размер normal типовой

  English-Russian short dictionary > normal

• 12
  normal
  
  

  English-Russian electronics dictionary > normal

• 13
  normal
  
  

  The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > normal

• 14
  normal
  
  

  English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > normal

• 15
  normal
  
  

  1.нормальный; нормированный

  2.норма; установленная мера

  English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > normal

• 16
  normal
  
  

  The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > normal

• 17
  normal
  
  

  Английский-русский словарь по теории вероятностей, статистике и комбинаторике > normal

• 18
  normal
  
  

  Англо-русский словарь по робототехнике > normal

• 19
  normal
  
  

  English-Russian dictionary of Information technology > normal

• 20
  normal
  
  

  1. нормальный
  2. нормальная эксплуатация
  3. нормаль
  4. каротаж сопротивления потенциал-зондом
  5. каротаж сопротивлений потенциал-зондом

  Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > normal