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In linguistics, word order (also known as linear order) is the order of the syntactic constituents of a language. Word order typology studies it from a cross-linguistic perspective, and examines how different languages employ different orders. Correlations between orders found in different syntactic sub-domains are also of interest. The primary word orders that are of interest are

the constituent order of a clause, namely the relative order of subject, object, and verb;
the order of modifiers (adjectives, numerals, demonstratives, possessives, and adjuncts) in a noun phrase;
the order of adverbials.

Some languages use relatively fixed word order, often relying on the order of constituents to convey grammatical information. Other languages—often those that convey grammatical information through inflection—allow more flexible word order, which can be used to encode pragmatic information, such as topicalisation or focus. However, even languages with flexible word order have a preferred or basic word order,^[1] with other word orders considered «marked».^[2]

Constituent word order is defined in terms of a finite verb (V) in combination with two arguments, namely the subject (S), and object (O).^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] Subject and object are here understood to be nouns, since pronouns often tend to display different word order properties.^[7]^[8] Thus, a transitive sentence has six logically possible basic word orders:

about half of the world’s languages deploy subject–object–verb order (SOV);
about one-third of the world’s languages deploy subject–verb–object order (SVO);
a smaller fraction of languages deploy verb–subject–object (VSO) order;
the remaining three arrangements are rarer: verb–object–subject (VOS) is slightly more common than object–verb–subject (OVS), and object–subject–verb (OSV) is the rarest by a significant margin.^[9]

Constituent word orders[edit]

These are all possible word orders for the subject, object, and verb in the order of most common to rarest (the examples use «she» as the subject, «loves» as the verb, and «him» as the object):

SOV is the order used by the largest number of distinct languages; languages using it include Japanese, Korean, Mongolian, Turkish, the Indo-Aryan languages and the Dravidian languages. Some, like Persian, Latin and Quechua, have SOV normal word order but conform less to the general tendencies of other such languages. A sentence glossing as «She him loves» would be grammatically correct in these languages.
SVO languages include English, Spanish, Portuguese, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian,^[10] the Chinese languages and Swahili, among others. «She loves him.»
VSO languages include Classical Arabic, Biblical Hebrew, the Insular Celtic languages, and Hawaiian. «Loves she him.»
VOS languages include Fijian and Malagasy. «Loves him she.»
OVS languages include Hixkaryana. «Him loves she.»
OSV languages include Xavante and Warao. «Him she loves.»

Sometimes patterns are more complex: some Germanic languages have SOV in subordinate clauses, but V2 word order in main clauses, SVO word order being the most common. Using the guidelines above, the unmarked word order is then SVO.

Many synthetic languages such as Latin, Greek, Persian, Romanian, Assyrian, Assamese, Russian, Turkish, Korean, Japanese, Finnish, Arabic and Basque have no strict word order; rather, the sentence structure is highly flexible and reflects the pragmatics of the utterance. However, also in languages of this kind there is usually a pragmatically neutral constituent order that is most commonly encountered in each language.

Topic-prominent languages organize sentences to emphasize their topic–comment structure. Nonetheless, there is often a preferred order; in Latin and Turkish, SOV is the most frequent outside of poetry, and in Finnish SVO is both the most frequent and obligatory when case marking fails to disambiguate argument roles. Just as languages may have different word orders in different contexts, so may they have both fixed and free word orders. For example, Russian has a relatively fixed SVO word order in transitive clauses, but a much freer SV / VS order in intransitive clauses.^{[citation needed]} Cases like this can be addressed by encoding transitive and intransitive clauses separately, with the symbol «S» being restricted to the argument of an intransitive clause, and «A» for the actor/agent of a transitive clause. («O» for object may be replaced with «P» for «patient» as well.) Thus, Russian is fixed AVO but flexible SV/VS. In such an approach, the description of word order extends more easily to languages that do not meet the criteria in the preceding section. For example, Mayan languages have been described with the rather uncommon VOS word order. However, they are ergative–absolutive languages, and the more specific word order is intransitive VS, transitive VOA, where the S and O arguments both trigger the same type of agreement on the verb. Indeed, many languages that some thought had a VOS word order turn out to be ergative like Mayan.

Distribution of word order types[edit]

Every language falls under one of the six word order types; the unfixed type is somewhat disputed in the community, as the languages where it occurs have one of the dominant word orders but every word order type is grammatically correct.

The table below displays the word order surveyed by Dryer. The 2005 study^[11] surveyed 1228 languages, and the updated 2013 study^[8] investigated 1377 languages. Percentage was not reported in his studies.

Word Order	Number (2005)	Percentage (2005)	Number (2013)	Percentage (2013)
SOV	497	40.5%	565	41.0%
SVO	435	35.4%	488	35.4%
VSO	85	6.9%	95	6.9%
VOS	26	2.1%	25	1.8%
OVS	9	0.7%	11	0.8%
OSV	4	0.3%	4	0.3%
Unfixed	172	14.0%	189	13.7%

Hammarström (2016)^[12] calculated the constituent orders of 5252 languages in two ways. His first method, counting languages directly, yielded results similar to Dryer’s studies, indicating both SOV and SVO have almost equal distribution. However, when stratified by language families, the distribution showed that the majority of the families had SOV structure, meaning that a small number of families contain SVO structure.

Word Order	No. of Languages	Percentage	No. of Families	Percentage^[a]
SOV	2275	43.3%	239	56.6%
SVO	2117	40.3%	55	13.0%
VSO	503	9.5%	27	6.3%
VOS	174	3.3%	15	3.5%
OVS	40	0.7%	3	0.7%
OSV	19	0.3%	1	0.2%
Unfixed	124	2.3%	26	6.1%

Functions of constituent word order[edit]

Fixed word order is one out of many ways to ease the processing of sentence semantics and reducing ambiguity. One method of making the speech stream less open to ambiguity (complete removal of ambiguity is probably impossible) is a fixed order of arguments and other sentence constituents. This works because speech is inherently linear. Another method is to label the constituents in some way, for example with case marking, agreement, or another marker. Fixed word order reduces expressiveness but added marking increases information load in the speech stream, and for these reasons strict word order seldom occurs together with strict morphological marking, one counter-example being Persian.^[1]

Observing discourse patterns, it is found that previously given information (topic) tends to precede new information (comment). Furthermore, acting participants (especially humans) are more likely to be talked about (to be topic) than things simply undergoing actions (like oranges being eaten). If acting participants are often topical, and topic tends to be expressed early in the sentence, this entails that acting participants have a tendency to be expressed early in the sentence. This tendency can then grammaticalize to a privileged position in the sentence, the subject.

The mentioned functions of word order can be seen to affect the frequencies of the various word order patterns: The vast majority of languages have an order in which S precedes O and V. Whether V precedes O or O precedes V, however, has been shown to be a very telling difference with wide consequences on phrasal word orders.^[13]

Semantics of word order[edit]

In many languages, standard word order can be subverted in order to form questions or as a means of emphasis. In languages such as O’odham and Hungarian, which are discussed below, almost all possible permutations of a sentence are grammatical, but not all of them are used.^[14] In languages such as English and German, word order is used as a means of turning declarative into interrogative sentences:

A: ‘Wen liebt Kate?’ / ‘Kate liebt wen?’ [Whom does Kate love? / Kate loves whom?] (OVS/SVO)

B: ‘Sie liebt Mark’ / ‘Mark ist der, den sie liebt’ [She loves Mark / It is Mark whom she loves.] (SVO/OSV)

C: ‘Liebt Kate Mark?’ [Does Kate love Mark?] (VSO)

In (A), the first sentence shows the word order used for wh-questions in English and German. The second sentence is an echo question; it would only be uttered after receiving an unsatisfactory or confusing answer to a question. One could replace the word wen [whom] (which indicates that this sentence is a question) with an identifier such as Mark: ‘Kate liebt Mark?’ [Kate loves Mark?]. In that case, since no change in word order occurs, it is only by means of stress and tone that we are able to identify the sentence as a question.

In (B), the first sentence is declarative and provides an answer to the first question in (A). The second sentence emphasizes that Kate does indeed love Mark, and not whomever else we might have assumed her to love. However, a sentence this verbose is unlikely to occur in everyday speech (or even in written language), be it in English or in German. Instead, one would most likely answer the echo question in (A) simply by restating: Mark!. This is the same for both languages.

In yes–no questions such as (C), English and German use subject-verb inversion. But, whereas English relies on do-support to form questions from verbs other than auxiliaries, German has no such restriction and uses inversion to form questions, even from lexical verbs.

Despite this, English, as opposed to German, has very strict word order. In German, word order can be used as a means to emphasize a constituent in an independent clause by moving it to the beginning of the sentence. This is a defining characteristic of German as a V2 (verb-second) language, where, in independent clauses, the finite verb always comes second and is preceded by one and only one constituent. In closed questions, V1 (verb-first) word order is used. And lastly, dependent clauses use verb-final word order. However, German cannot be called an SVO language since no actual constraints are imposed on the placement of the subject and object(s), even though a preference for a certain word-order over others can be observed (such as putting the subject after the finite verb in independent clauses unless it already precedes the verb^{[clarification needed]}).

Phrase word orders and branching[edit]

The order of constituents in a phrase can vary as much as the order of constituents in a clause. Normally, the noun phrase and the adpositional phrase are investigated. Within the noun phrase, one investigates whether the following modifiers occur before and/or after the head noun.

adjective (red house vs house red)
determiner (this house vs house this)
numeral (two houses vs houses two)
possessor (my house vs house my)
relative clause (the by me built house vs the house built by me)

Within the adpositional clause, one investigates whether the languages makes use of prepositions (in London), postpositions (London in), or both (normally with different adpositions at both sides) either separately (For whom? or Whom for?) or at the same time (from her away; Dutch example: met hem mee meaning together with him).

There are several common correlations between sentence-level word order and phrase-level constituent order. For example, SOV languages generally put modifiers before heads and use postpositions. VSO languages tend to place modifiers after their heads, and use prepositions. For SVO languages, either order is common.

For example, French (SVO) uses prepositions (dans la voiture, à gauche), and places adjectives after (une voiture spacieuse). However, a small class of adjectives generally go before their heads (une grande voiture). On the other hand, in English (also SVO) adjectives almost always go before nouns (a big car), and adverbs can go either way, but initially is more common (greatly improved). (English has a very small number of adjectives that go after the heads, such as extraordinaire, which kept its position when borrowed from French.) Russian places numerals after nouns to express approximation (шесть домов=six houses, домов шесть=circa six houses).

Pragmatic word order[edit]

Some languages do not have a fixed word order and often use a significant amount of morphological marking to disambiguate the roles of the arguments. However, the degree of marking alone does not indicate whether a language uses a fixed or free word order: some languages may use a fixed order even when they provide a high degree of marking, while others (such as some varieties of Datooga) may combine a free order with a lack of morphological distinction between arguments.

Typologically, there is a trend that high-animacy actors are more likely to be topical than low-animacy undergoers; this trend can come through even in languages with free word order, giving a statistical bias for SO order (or OS order in ergative systems; however, ergative systems do not always extend to the highest levels of animacy, sometimes giving way to an accusative system (see split ergativity)).^[15]

Most languages with a high degree of morphological marking have rather flexible word orders, such as Polish, Hungarian, Portuguese, Latin, Albanian, and O’odham. In some languages, a general word order can be identified, but this is much harder in others.^[16] When the word order is free, different choices of word order can be used to help identify the theme and the rheme.

Hungarian[edit]

Word order in Hungarian sentences is changed according to the speaker’s communicative intentions. Hungarian word order is not free in the sense that it must reflect the information structure of the sentence, distinguishing the emphatic part that carries new information (rheme) from the rest of the sentence that carries little or no new information (theme).

The position of focus in a Hungarian sentence is immediately before the verb, that is, nothing can separate the emphatic part of the sentence from the verb.

For «Kate ate a piece of cake«, the possibilities are:

«Kati megevett egy szelet tortát.» (same word order as English) [«Kate ate a piece of cake.«]
«Egy szelet tortát Kati evett meg.» (emphasis on agent [Kate]) [«A piece of cake Kate ate.«] (One of the pieces of cake was eaten by Kate.)
«Kati evett meg egy szelet tortát.» (also emphasis on agent [Kate]) [«Kate ate a piece of cake.«] (Kate was the one eating one piece of cake.)
«Kati egy szelet tortát evett meg.» (emphasis on object [cake]) [«Kate a piece of cake ate.»] (Kate ate a piece of cake – cf. not a piece of bread.)
«Egy szelet tortát evett meg Kati.» (emphasis on number [a piece, i.e. only one piece]) [«A piece of cake ate Kate.»] (Only one piece of cake was eaten by Kate.)
«Megevett egy szelet tortát Kati.» (emphasis on completeness of action) [«Ate a piece of cake Kate.»] (A piece of cake had been finished by Kate.)
«Megevett Kati egy szelet tortát.» (emphasis on completeness of action) [«Ate Kate a piece of cake.«] (Kate finished with a piece of cake.)

The only freedom in Hungarian word order is that the order of parts outside the focus position and the verb may be freely changed without any change to the communicative focus of the sentence, as seen in sentences 2 and 3 as well as in sentences 6 and 7 above. These pairs of sentences have the same information structure, expressing the same communicative intention of the speaker, because the part immediately preceding the verb is left unchanged.

Note that the emphasis can be on the action (verb) itself, as seen in sentences 1, 6 and 7, or it can be on parts other than the action (verb), as seen in sentences 2, 3, 4 and 5. If the emphasis is not on the verb, and the verb has a co-verb (in the above example ‘meg’), then the co-verb is separated from the verb, and always follows the verb. Also note that the enclitic -t marks the direct object: ‘torta’ (cake) + ‘-t’ -> ‘tortát’.

Hindi-Urdu[edit]

Hindi-Urdu (Hindustani) is essentially a verb-final (SOV) language, with relatively free word order since in most cases postpositions mark quite explicitly the relationships of noun phrases with other constituents of the sentence.^[17] Word order in Hindustani usually does not signal grammatical functions.^[18] Constituents can be scrambled to express different information structural configurations, or for stylistic reasons. The first syntactic constituent in a sentence is usually the topic,^[19]^[18] which may under certain conditions be marked by the particle «to» (तो / تو), similar in some respects to Japanese topic marker は (wa).^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23] Some rules governing the position of words in a sentence are as follows:

An adjective comes before the noun it modifies in its unmarked position. However, the possessive and reflexive pronominal adjectives can occur either to the left or to the right of the noun it describes.
Negation must come either to the left or to the right of the verb it negates. For compound verbs or verbal construction using auxiliaries the negation can occur either to the left of the first verb, in-between the verbs or to the right of the second verb (the default position being to the left of the main verb when used with auxiliary and in-between the primary and the secondary verb when forming a compound verb).
Adverbs usually precede the adjectives they qualify in their unmarked position, but when adverbs are constructed using the instrumental case postposition se (से /سے) (which qualifies verbs), their position in the sentence becomes free. However, since both the instrumental and the ablative case are marked by the same postposition «se» (से /سے), when both are present in a sentence then the quantity they modify cannot appear adjacent to each other^{[clarification needed]}.^[24]^[18]
«kyā » (क्या / کیا) «what» as the yes-no question marker occurs at the beginning or the end of a clause as its unmarked positions but it can be put anywhere in the sentence except the preverbal position, where instead it is interpreted as interrogative «what».

Some of all the possible word order permutations of the sentence «The girl received a gift from the boy on her birthday.» are shown below.

lar̥ki ko lar̥ke se janmdin pe taufā milā
lar̥ke se lar̥ki ko janmdin pe taufā milā
janmdin pe lar̥ki ko milā lar̥ke se taufā
taufā lar̥ke se lar̥ki ko janmdin pe milā
milā janmdin pe lar̥ki ko taufā lar̥ke se

lar̥ki ko taufā lar̥ke se janmdin pe milā
lar̥ke se taufā lar̥ki ko janmdin pe milā
janmdin pe lar̥ke se taufā lar̥ki ko milā
taufā lar̥ke se janmdin pe milā lar̥ki ko
milā lar̥ki ko janmdin pe taufā lar̥ke se

taufā lar̥ki ko lar̥ke se janmdin pe milā
taufā lar̥ke se lar̥ki ko milā janmdin pe
janmdin pe milā lar̥ke se taufā lar̥ki ko
lar̥ke se janmdin pe milā taufā lar̥ki ko
milā taufā lar̥ki ko janmdin pe lar̥ke se

lar̥ke se milā lar̥ki ko taufā janmdin pe
lar̥ke se milā taufā lar̥ki ko janmdin pe
taufā lar̥ke se milā lar̥ki ko janmdin pe
taufā milā lar̥ke se janmdin pe lar̥ki ko
milā lar̥ki ko lar̥ke se janmdin pe taufā

lar̥ke se taufā lar̥ki ko janmdin pe milā
lar̥ke se janmdin pe lar̥ki ko milā taufā
taufā janmdin pe lar̥ke se milā lar̥ki ko
lar̥ki ko janmdin pe taufā milā lar̥ke se
milā lar̥ke se lar̥ki ko janmdin pe taufā

Portuguese[edit]

In Portuguese, clitic pronouns and commas allow many different orders:^{[citation needed]}

«Eu vou entregar a você amanhã.» [«I will deliver to you tomorrow.»] (same word order as English)
«Entregarei a você amanhã.» [«{I} will deliver to you tomorrow.»]
«Eu lhe entregarei amanhã.» [«I to you will deliver tomorrow.»]
«Entregar-lhe-ei amanhã.» [«Deliver to you {I} will tomorrow.»] (mesoclisis)
«A ti, eu entregarei amanhã.» [«To you I will deliver tomorrow.»]
«A ti, entregarei amanhã.» [«To you deliver {I} will tomorrow.»]
«Amanhã, entregar-te-ei» [«Tomorrow {I} will deliver to you»]
«Poderia entregar, eu, a você amanhã?» [«Could deliver I to you tomorrow?]

Braces ({ }) are used above to indicate omitted subject pronouns, which may be implicit in Portuguese. Because of conjugation, the grammatical person is recovered.

Latin[edit]

In Latin, the endings of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and pronouns allow for extremely flexible order in most situations. Latin lacks articles.

The Subject, Verb, and Object can come in any order in a Latin sentence, although most often (especially in subordinate clauses) the verb comes last.^[25] Pragmatic factors, such as topic and focus, play a large part in determining the order. Thus the following sentences each answer a different question:^[26]

«Romulus Romam condidit.» [«Romulus founded Rome»] (What did Romulus do?)
«Hanc urbem condidit Romulus.» [«Romulus founded this city»] (Who founded this city?)
«Condidit Romam Romulus.» [«Romulus founded Rome»] (What happened?)

Latin prose often follows the word order «Subject, Direct Object, Indirect Object, Adverb, Verb»,^[27] but this is more of a guideline than a rule. Adjectives in most cases go before the noun they modify,^[28] but some categories, such as those that determine or specify (e.g. Via Appia «Appian Way»), usually follow the noun. In Classical Latin poetry, lyricists followed word order very loosely to achieve a desired scansion.

Albanian[edit]

Due to the presence of grammatical cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, and in some cases or dialects vocative and locative) applied to nouns, pronouns and adjectives, the Albanian language permits a large number of positional combination of words. In spoken language a word order differing from the most common S-V-O helps the speaker putting emphasis on a word, thus changing partially the message delivered. Here is an example:

«Marku më dha një dhuratë (mua).» [«Mark (me) gave a present to me.»] (neutral narrating sentence.)
«Marku (mua) më dha një dhuratë.» [«Mark to me (me) gave a present.»] (emphasis on the indirect object, probably to compare the result of the verb on different persons.)
«Marku një dhuratë më dha (mua).» [«Mark a present (me) gave to me»] (meaning that Mark gave her only a present, and not something else or more presents.)
«Marku një dhuratë (mua) më dha.» [«Mark a present to me (me) gave»] (meaning that Mark gave a present only to her.)
«Më dha Marku një dhuratë (mua).» [«Gave Mark to me a present.»] (neutral sentence, but puts less emphasis on the subject.)
«Më dha një dhuratë Marku (mua).» [«Gave a present to me Mark.»] (probably is the cause of an event being introduced later.)
«Më dha (mua) Marku një dhurate.» [«Gave to me Mark a present.»] (same as above.)
«Më dha një dhuratë mua Marku» [«(Me) gave a present to me Mark.»] (puts emphasis on the fact that the receiver is her and not someone else.)
«Një dhuratë më dha Marku (mua)» [«A present gave Mark to me.»] (meaning it was a present and not something else.)
«Një dhuratë Marku më dha (mua)» [«A present Mark gave to me.»] (puts emphasis on the fact that she got the present and someone else got something different.)
«Një dhuratë (mua) më dha Marku.» [«A present to me gave Mark.»] (no particular emphasis, but can be used to list different actions from different subjects.)
«Një dhuratë (mua) Marku më dha.» [«A present to me Mark (me) gave»] (remembers that at least a present was given to her by Mark.)
«Mua më dha Marku një dhuratë.» [«To me (me) gave Mark a present.» (is used when Mark gave something else to others.)
«Mua një dhuratë më dha Marku.» [«To me a present (me) gave Mark.»] (emphasis on «to me» and the fact that it was a present, only one present or it was something different from usual.)
«Mua Marku një dhuratë më dha» [«To me Mark a present (me) gave.»] (Mark gave her only one present.)
«Mua Marku më dha një dhuratë» [«To me Mark (me) gave a present.»] (puts emphasis on Mark. Probably the others didn’t give her present, they gave something else or the present wasn’t expected at all.)

In these examples, «(mua)» can be omitted when not in first position, causing a perceivable change in emphasis; the latter being of different intensity. «Më» is always followed by the verb. Thus, a sentence consisting of a subject, a verb and two objects (a direct and an indirect one), can be
expressed in six different ways without «mua», and in twenty-four different ways with «mua», adding up to thirty possible combinations.

O’odham (Papago-Pima)[edit]

O’odham is a language that is spoken in southern Arizona and Northern Sonora, Mexico. It has free word order, with only the auxiliary bound to one spot. Here is an example, in literal translation:^[14]

«Wakial ‘o g wipsilo ha-cecposid.» [Cowboy is the calves them branding.] (The cowboy is branding the calves.)
«Wipsilo ‘o ha-cecposid g wakial.» [Calves is them branding the cowboy.]
«Ha-cecposid ‘o g wakial g wipsilo.» [Them Branding is the cowboy the calves.]
«Wipsilo ‘o g wakial ha-cecposid.» [Calves is the cowboy them branding.]
«Ha-cecposid ‘o g wipsilo g wakial.» [Them branding is the calves the cowboy.]
«Wakial ‘o ha-cecposid g wipsilo.» [Cowboy is them branding the calves.]

These examples are all grammatically-valid variations on the sentence «The cowboy is branding the calves,» but some are rarely found in natural speech, as is discussed in Grammaticality.

Other issues with word order[edit]

Language change[edit]

Languages change over time. When language change involves a shift in a language’s syntax, this is called syntactic change. An example of this is found in Old English, which at one point had flexible word order, before losing it over the course of its evolution.^[29] In Old English, both of the following sentences would be considered grammatically correct:

«Martianus hæfde his sunu ær befæst.» [Martianus had his son earlier established.] (Martianus had earlier established his son.)
«Se wolde gelytlian þone lyfigendan hælend.» [He would diminish the living saviour.]

This flexibility continues into early Middle English, where it seems to drop out of usage.^[30] Shakespeare’s plays use OV word order frequently, as can be seen from this example:

«It was our selfe thou didst abuse.»^[31]

A modern speaker of English would possibly recognise this as a grammatically comprehensible sentence, but nonetheless archaic. There are some verbs, however, that are entirely acceptable in this format:

«Are they good?»^[32]

This is acceptable to a modern English speaker and is not considered archaic. This is due to the verb «to be», which acts as both auxiliary and main verb. Similarly, other auxiliary and modal verbs allow for VSO word order («Must he perish?»). Non-auxiliary and non-modal verbs require insertion of an auxiliary to conform to modern usage («Did he buy the book?»). Shakespeare’s usage of word order is not indicative of English at the time, which had dropped OV order at least a century before.^[33]

This variation between archaic and modern can also be shown in the change between VSO to SVO in Coptic, the language of the Christian Church in Egypt.^[34]

Dialectal variation[edit]

There are some languages where a certain word order is preferred by one or more dialects, while others use a different order. One such case is Andean Spanish, spoken in Peru. While Spanish is classified as an SVO language,^[35] the variation of Spanish spoken in Peru has been influenced by contact with Quechua and Aymara, both SOV languages.^[36] This has had the effect of introducing OV (object-verb) word order into the clauses of some L1 Spanish speakers (moreso than would usually be expected), with more L2 speakers using similar constructions.

Poetry[edit]

Poetry and stories can use different word orders to emphasize certain aspects of the sentence. In English, this is called anastrophe. Here is an example:

«Kate loves Mark.»

«Mark, Kate loves.»

Here SVO is changed to OSV to emphasize the object.

Translation[edit]

Differences in word order complicate translation and language education – in addition to changing the individual words, the order must also be changed. The area in Linguistics that is concerned with translation and education is language acquisition. The reordering of words can run into problems, however, when transcribing stories. Rhyme scheme can change, as well as the meaning behind the words. This can be especially problematic when translating poetry.

Notes[edit]

^ Hammarström included families with no data in his count (58 out of 424 = 13,7%), but did not include them in the list. This explains why the percentages do not sum to 100% in this column.

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Comrie, Bernard. (1981). Language universals and linguistic typology: syntax and morphology (2nd ed). University of Chicago Press, Chicago
^ Sakel, Jeanette (2015). Study Skills for Linguistics. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 9781317530107.
^ Hengeveld, Kees (1992). Non-verbal predication. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-013713-5.
^ Sasse, Hans-Jürgen (1993). «Das Nomen – eine universale Kategorie?» [The noun – a universal category?]. STUF — Language Typology and Universals (in German). 46 (1–4). doi:10.1524/stuf.1993.46.14.187. S2CID 192204875.
^ Rijkhoff, Jan (November 2007). «Word Classes: Word Classes». Language and Linguistics Compass. 1 (6): 709–726. doi:10.1111/j.1749-818X.2007.00030.x. S2CID 5404720.
^ Rijkhoff, Jan (2004), The Noun Phrase, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-926964-5.
^ Greenberg, Joseph H. (1963). «Some Universals of Grammar with Particular Reference to the Order of Meaningful Elements» (PDF). In Greenberg, Joseph H. (ed.). Universals of Human Language. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. pp. 73–113. doi:10.1515/9781503623217-005. ISBN 9781503623217. S2CID 2675113.
^ ^a ^b Dryer, Matthew S. (2013). «Order of Subject, Object and Verb». In Dryer, Matthew S.; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
^ Tomlin, Russel S. (1986). Basic Word Order: Functional Principles. London: Croom Helm. ISBN 0-415-72357-4.
^ Kordić, Snježana (2006) [1st pub. 1997]. Serbo-Croatian. Languages of the World/Materials ; 148. Munich & Newcastle: Lincom Europa. pp. 45–46. ISBN 3-89586-161-8. OCLC 37959860. OL 2863538W. Contents. Summary. [Grammar book].
^ Dryer, M. S. (2005). «Order of Subject, Object, and Verb». In Haspelmath, M. (ed.). The World Atlas of Language Structures.
^ Hammarström, H. (2016). «Linguistic diversity and language evolution». Journal of Language Evolution. 1 (1): 19–29. doi:10.1093/jole/lzw002.
^ Dryer, Matthew S. (1992). «The Greenbergian word order correlations». Language. 68 (1): 81–138. doi:10.1353/lan.1992.0028. JSTOR 416370. S2CID 9693254. Project MUSE 452860.
^ ^a ^b Hale, Kenneth L. (1992). «Basic word order in two «free word order» languages». Pragmatics of Word Order Flexibility. Typological Studies in Language. Vol. 22. p. 63. doi:10.1075/tsl.22.03hal. ISBN 978-90-272-2905-2.
^ Comrie, Bernard (1981). Language Universals and Linguistic Typology: Syntax and Morphology (2nd edn). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
^ Rude, Noel (1992). «Word order and topicality in Nez Perce». Pragmatics of Word Order Flexibility. Typological Studies in Language. Vol. 22. p. 193. doi:10.1075/tsl.22.08rud. ISBN 978-90-272-2905-2.
^ Kachru, Yamuna (2006). Hindi. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 159–160. ISBN 90-272-3812-X.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mohanan, Tara (1994). «Case OCP: A Constraint on Word Order in Hindi». In Butt, Miriam; King, Tracy Holloway; Ramchand, Gillian (eds.). Theoretical Perspectives on Word Order in South Asian Languages. Center for the Study of Language (CSLI). pp. 185–216. ISBN 978-1-881526-49-0.
^ Gambhir, Surendra Kumar (1984). The East Indian speech community in Guyana: a sociolinguistic study with special reference to koine formation (Thesis). OCLC 654720956.^{[page needed]}
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^ Patil, Umesh; Kentner, Gerrit; Gollrad, Anja; Kügler, Frank; Fery, Caroline; Vasishth, Shravan (17 November 2008). «Focus, Word Order and Intonation in Hindi». Journal of South Asian Linguistics. 1.
^ Vasishth, Shravan (2004). «Discourse Context and Word Order Preferences in Hindi». The Yearbook of South Asian Languages and Linguistics (2004). pp. 113–128. doi:10.1515/9783110179897.113. ISBN 978-3-11-020776-7.
^ Spencer, Andrew (2005). «Case in Hindi». The Proceedings of the LFG ’05 Conference (PDF). pp. 429–446.
^ Scrivner, Olga (June 2015). A Probabilistic Approach in Historical Linguistics. Word Order Change in Infinitival Clauses: from Latin to Old French (Thesis). p. 32. hdl:2022/20230.
^ Spevak, Olga (2010). Constituent Order in Classical Latin Prose, p. 1, quoting Weil (1844).
^ Devine, Andrew M. & Laurence D. Stephens (2006), Latin Word Order, p. 79.
^ Walker, Arthur T. (1918). «Some Facts of Latin Word-Order». The Classical Journal. 13 (9): 644–657. JSTOR 3288352.
^ Taylor, Ann; Pintzuk, Susan (1 December 2011). «The interaction of syntactic change and information status effects in the change from OV to VO in English». Catalan Journal of Linguistics. 10: 71. doi:10.5565/rev/catjl.61.
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^ Klee, Carol A.; Tight, Daniel G.; Caravedo, Rocio (1 December 2011). «Variation and change in Peruvian Spanish word order: language contact and dialect contact in Lima». Southwest Journal of Linguistics. 30 (2): 5–32. Gale A348978474.

1. What is Word Order?

Word order is important: it’s what makes your sentences make sense! So, proper word order is an essential part of writing and speaking—when we put words in the wrong order, the result is a confusing, unclear, and an incorrect sentence.

2.Examples of Word Order

Here are some examples of words put into the correct and incorrect order:

I have 2 brothers and 2 sisters at home. CORRECT

2 brothers and 2 sisters have I at home. INCORRECT

I am in middle school. CORRECT

In middle school I am. INCORRECT

How are you today? CORRECT

You are how today? INCORRECT

As you can see, it’s usually easy to see whether or not your words are in the correct order. When words are out of order, they stand out, and usually change the meaning of a sentence or make it hard to understand.

3. Types of Word Order

In English, we follow one main pattern for normal sentences and one main pattern for sentences that ask a question.

a. Standard Word Order

A sentence’s standard word order is Subject + Verb + Object (SVO). Remember, the subject is what a sentence is about; so, it comes first. For example:

The dog (subject) + eats (verb) + popcorn (object).

The subject comes first in a sentence because it makes our meaning clear when writing and speaking. Then, the verb comes after the subject, and the object comes after the verb; and that’s the most common word order. Otherwise, a sentence doesn’t make sense, like this:

Eats popcorn the dog. (verb + object + subject)

Popcorn the dog eats. (object + subject + verb)

B. Questions

When asking a question, we follow the order auxiliary verb/modal auxiliary + subject + verb (ASV). Auxiliary verbs and modal auxiliaries share meaning or function, many which are forms of the verb “to be.” Auxiliary verbs can change form, but modal auxiliaries don’t. Here’s a chart to help you:

As said, questions follow the form ASV; or, if they have an object, ASVO. Here are some examples:

Can he cook? “Can” (auxiliary) “he” (subject) “cook” (verb)

Does your dog like popcorn? “Does” (A) “your dog” (S) “like” (V) “popcorn” (O)

Are you burning the popcorn? “Are” (A) “you” (S) “burning” (V) “popcorn” (O)

4. Parts of Word Order

While almost sentences need to follow the basic SVO word order, we add other words, like indirect objects and modifiers, to make them more detailed.

a. Indirect Objects

When we add an indirect object, a sentence will follow a slightly different order. Indirect objects always come between the verb and the object, following the pattern SVIO, like this:

I fed the dog some popcorn.

This sentence has “I” (subject) “fed” (verb) “dog” (indirect object) “popcorn” (direct object).

b. Prepositional Phrases

Prepositional phrases also have special positions in sentences. When we use the prepositions like “to” or “for,” then the indirect object becomes part of a prepositional phrase, and follows the order SVOP, like this:

I fed some popcorn to the dog.

Other prepositional phrases, determining time and location, can go at either the beginning or the end of a sentence:

He ate popcorn at the fair. -Or- At the fair he ate popcorn.

In the morning I will go home. I will go home in the morning.

c. Adverbs

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs, adding things like time, manner, degree; and often end in ly, like “slowly,” “recently,” “nearly,” and so on. As a rule, an adverb (or any modifier) should be as close as possible to the thing it is modifying. But, adverbs are special because they can usually be placed in more than one spot in the sentence and are still correct. So, there are rules about their placement, but also many exceptions.

In general, when modifying an adjective or adverb, an adverb should go before the word it modifies:

The dog was extremely hungry. CORRECT adverb modifies “hungry”

Extremely, the dog was hungry. INCORRECT misplaced adverb

The extremely dog was hungry. INCORRECT misplaced adverb

The dog was hungry extremely. INCORRECT misplaced adverb

As you can see, the word “extremely” only makes sense just before the adjective “hungry.” In this situation, the adverb can only go in one place.

When modifying a verb, an adverb should generally go right after the word it modifies, as in the first sentence below. BUT, these other uses are also correct, though they may not be the best:

The dog ran quickly to the fair. CORRECT * BEST POSITION

Quickly the dog ran to the fair. CORRECT

The dog quickly ran to the fair. CORRECT

The dog ran to the fair quickly. CORRECT

For adverbs expressing frequency (how often something happens) the adverb goes directly after the subject:

The dog always eats popcorn.

He never runs slowly.

I rarely see him.

Adverbs expressing time (when something happens) can go at either the beginning or of the end of the sentence, depending what’s important about the sentence. If the time isn’t very important, then it goes at the beginning of the sentence, but if you want to emphasize the time, then the adverb goes at the end of the sentence:

Now the dog wants popcorn. Emphasis on “the dog wants popcorn”

The dog wants popcorn now. Emphasis on “now”

5. How to Use Avoid Mistakes with Word Order

Aside from following the proper SVO pattern, it’s important to write and speak in the way that is the least confusing and the most clear. If you make mistakes with your word order, then your sentences won’t make sense. Basically, if a sentence is hard to understand, then it isn’t correct. Here are a few key things to remember:

The subject is what a sentence is about, so it should come first.
A modifier (like an adverb) should generally go as close as possible to the thing it is modifying.
Indirect objects can change the word order from SVO to SVIO
Prepositional phrases have special positions in sentences

Finally, here’s an easy tip: when writing, always reread your sentences out loud to make sure that the words are in the proper order—it is usually pretty easy to hear! If a sentence is clear, then you should only need to read it once to understand it.

Источник

Top Definitions
Synonyms
Quiz
Related Content
Examples
British
Scientific
Cultural
Idioms And Phrases

This shows grade level based on the word’s complexity.

noun

an authoritative direction or instruction; command; mandate.

a command of a court or judge.

a command or notice issued by a military organization or a military commander to troops, sailors, etc.

the disposition of things following one after another, as in space or time; succession or sequence: The names were listed in alphabetical order.

a condition in which each thing is properly disposed with reference to other things and to its purpose; methodical or harmonious arrangement: You must try to give order to your life.

formal disposition or array: the order of the troops.

proper, satisfactory, or working condition.

state or condition generally: His financial affairs were in good order.

conformity or obedience to law or established authority; absence of disturbance, riot, revolt, unruliness, etc.: A police officer was there to maintain order.

customary mode of procedure; established practice or usage.

the customary or prescribed mode of proceeding in debates or the like, or in the conduct of deliberative or legislative bodies, public meetings, etc.: At our board meetings we follow the parliamentary rules of order.

prevailing course or arrangement of things; established system or regime: The old order is changing.

conformity to the established system or regime.

a direction or commission to make, provide, or furnish something: The salesclerk will take your order.

a quantity of goods or items purchased or sold: The druggist is sending the order right over.

Grammar.

the arrangement of the elements of a construction in a particular sequence, as the placing of John before the verb and of George after it in John saw George.
the hierarchy of grammatical rules applying to a construction.
the rank of immediate constituents.

any of the nine grades of angels in medieval angelology.Compare angel (def. 1).

Mathematics.

degree, as in algebra.
the number of rows or columns of a square matrix or determinant.
the number of times a function has been differentiated to produce a given derivative: a second order derivative.
the order of the highest derivative appearing in a given differential equation: d2y/dx2 + 3y (dy/dx) − 6 = 0 is a differential equation of order two.
the number of elements of a given group.
the smallest positive integer such that a given element in a group raised to that integer equals the identity.
the least positive integer n such that permuting a given set n times under a given permutation results in the set in its original form.

any class, kind, or sort, as of persons or things, distinguished from others by nature or character: Such complex and difficult work calls for talents of a high order.

Biology. the usual major subdivision of a class or subclass in the classification of organisms, consisting of several families.

a rank, grade, or class of persons in a community.

a group or body of persons of the same profession, occupation, or pursuits: Rev. Thomas, Rabbi Feinman, and other members of the clerical order showed up at the town hall meeting.

a body or society of persons living by common consent under the same religious, moral, or social regulations.

Ecclesiastical. any of the degrees or grades of clerical office.Compare major order, minor order.

a monastic society or fraternity: He is a monk in the Franciscan order.

a written direction to pay money or deliver goods, given by a person legally entitled to dispose of it: delivery order;exchange order.

Architecture.

any arrangement of columns with an entablature.
any of five such arrangements typical of classical architecture, including the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders invented by the Greeks and adapted by the Romans, the Tuscan order, invented by the Romans, and the Composite order, first named during the Renaissance.
any of several concentric rings composing an arch, especially when each projects beyond the one below.

orders, the rank or status of an ordained Christian minister.

Usually orders. the rite or sacrament of ordination.

a prescribed form of divine service or of administration of a rite or ceremony.

the service itself.

the visible structures essential or desirable to the nature of the church, involving especially ministry, polity, and sacraments.

a society or fraternity of knights, of combined military and monastic character, as, in the Middle Ages, the Knights Templars.

a modern organization or society more or less resembling the knightly orders: fraternal orders.

British.Order,

a special honor or rank conferred by a sovereign upon a person for distinguished achievement.
the insignia worn by such persons.

Chiefly British. a pass for admission to a theater, museum, or the like.

verb (used with object)

to give an order, direction, or command to: The infantry divisions were ordered to advance.

to direct or command to go or come as specified: to order a person out of one’s house.

to prescribe: The doctor ordered rest for the patient.

to direct to be made, supplied, or furnished: to order a copy of a book.

to regulate, conduct, or manage: I need to order my life for greater leisure.

to arrange methodically or suitably: They ordered their chessmen for a game.

Mathematics. to arrange (the elements of a set) so that if one element precedes another, it cannot be preceded by the other or by elements that the other precedes.

to ordain, as God or fate does.

to invest with clerical rank or authority.

verb (used without object)

to give an order or issue orders: I wish to order, but the waiter is busy.

QUIZ

CAN YOU ANSWER THESE COMMON GRAMMAR DEBATES?

There are grammar debates that never die; and the ones highlighted in the questions in this quiz are sure to rile everyone up once again. Do you know how to answer the questions that cause some of the greatest grammar debates?

Which sentence is correct?

Idioms about order

a tall order, a very difficult or formidable task, requirement, or demand: Getting the crop harvested with so few hands to help was a tall order.Also a large order.

call to order, to begin (a meeting): The meeting was called to order at 3 o’clock.

in order,

fitting; appropriate: It appears that an apology is in order.
in a state of proper arrangement, preparation, or readiness: Everything is in order for the departure.
correct according to the rules of parliamentary procedure: Questions from the floor are now in order.

in order that, so that; to the end that: We ought to leave early in order that we may not miss the train.

in order to, as a means to; with the purpose of: She worked summers in order to save money for college.

in short order, with promptness or speed; rapidly: The merchandise arrived in short order.

on order, ordered but not yet received: We’re out of stock in that item, but it’s on order.

on the order of,

resembling to some extent; like: I would like a dress on the order of the one in the window.
approximately; about: On the order of 100,000 people attended the rally.

out of order,

inappropriate; unsuitable: His remark was certainly out of order.
not operating properly; in disrepair: The air conditioner is out of order again.
incorrect according to the rules of parliamentary procedure: The chairwoman told him that he was out of order.

to order, according to one’s individual requirements or instructions: a suit made to order;carpeting cut to order.

Origin of order

First recorded in 1175–1225; noun Middle English ordre, order(e), from Old French ordre, from Latin ordin- (stem of ordō ) “row, rank, regular arrangement”; the verb is derivative of the noun

synonym study for order

OTHER WORDS FROM order

or·der·a·ble, adjectiveor·der·er, nounor·der·less, adjectivecoun·ter·or·der, noun, verb

mis·or·der, verbpre·or·der, noun, verbun·or·der·a·ble, adjective

Words nearby order

ordained, ordainee, ordeal, ordeal bean, ordeal tree, order, order about, order arms, order bill of lading, order-driven, ordered

Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023

Words related to order

form, line, plan, procedure, regulation, rule, structure, system, control, law, peace, place, position, authorization, charge, decree, direction, directive, injunction, instruction

How to use order in a sentence

In other words, a Paid Search agency like my own, must share certain data with advertisers in order to align itself with Google’s Third-Party policies.
She described an “evolution” in judicial tolerance for such orders.
Here’s a quick tour through 24 claims made at the Philadelphia town hall, in the order in which he answered questions.
Both Watches are up for order today and start shipping on Friday.

Some of those processes could produce trace amounts of phosphine, the team found, but orders of magnitude less than the team detected.
And in order for them to realize their vision, they are willing to use any means.
He could order the Justice Department to begin the necessary regulatory work.
So, in an unusual order (PDF) issued on New Years Day, District Judge Robert Hinkle clarified the issue.
So working with the militants in order to deliver aid “becomes a requirement,” she said.
Just how many fake nodes would be needed in order to pull off a successful Sybil attack against Tor is not known.
On the thirteenth of the same month they bound to the stake, in order to burn alive, a man who had two religious in his house.
Now this setting up of an orderly law-abiding self seems to me to imply that there are impulses which make for order.
Turn away from sin and order thy hands aright, and cleanse thy heart from all offence.
Dockier, a prominent leader of the Levelers, in the times of the English commonwealth, was shot by order of the government.
Yet if there is a measure of untruth in such pretty flatteries, one needs to be superhuman in order to condemn them harshly.

British Dictionary definitions for order

noun

a state in which all components or elements are arranged logically, comprehensibly, or naturally

an arrangement or disposition of things in succession; sequencealphabetical order

an established or customary method or state, esp of society

a peaceful or harmonious condition of societyorder reigned in the streets

(often plural) a class, rank, or hierarchythe lower orders

biology any of the taxonomic groups into which a class is divided and which contains one or more families. Carnivora, Primates, and Rodentia are three orders of the class Mammalia

an instruction that must be obeyed; command

a decision or direction of a court or judge entered on the court record but not included in the final judgment

a commission or instruction to produce or supply something in return for payment
the commodity produced or supplied
(as modifier)order form

a procedure followed by an assembly, meeting, etc

(capital when part of a name) a body of people united in a particular aim or purpose

Also called: religious order (usually capital) a group of persons who bind themselves by vows in order to devote themselves to the pursuit of religious aims

history a society of knights constituted as a fraternity, such as the Knights Templars

a group of people holding a specific honour for service or merit, conferred on them by a sovereign or state
the insignia of such a group

any of the five major classical styles of architecture classified by the style of columns and entablatures usedSee also Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, composite (def. 4)
any style of architecture

Christianity

the sacrament by which bishops, priests, etc, have their offices conferred upon them
any of the degrees into which the ministry is divided
the office of an ordained Christian minister

a form of Christian Church service prescribed to be used on specific occasions

Judaism one of the six sections of the Mishna or the corresponding tractates of the Talmud

maths

the number of times a function must be differentiated to obtain a given derivative
the order of the highest derivative in a differential equation
the number of rows or columns in a determinant or square matrix
the number of members of a finite group

the order military the dress, equipment, or formation directed for a particular purpose or undertakingdrill order; battle order

a tall order something difficult, demanding, or exacting

in order

in sequence
properly arranged
appropriate or fitting

in order to (preposition; foll by an infinitive) so that it is possible toto eat in order to live

in order that (conjunction) with the purpose that; so that

keep order to maintain or enforce order

of the order of or in the order of having an approximately specified size or quantity

on order having been ordered or commissioned but not having been delivered

out of order

not in sequence
not working
not following the rules or customary procedure

to order

according to a buyer’s specifications
on request or demand

verb

(tr) to give a command to (a person or animal to do or be something)

to request (something) to be supplied or made, esp in return for paymenthe ordered a hamburger

(tr) to instruct or command to move, go, etc (to a specified place)they ordered her into the house

(tr; may take a clause as object) to authorize; prescribethe doctor ordered a strict diet

(tr) to arrange, regulate, or dispose (articles) in their proper places

(of fate or the gods) to will; ordain

(tr) rare to ordain

interjection

an exclamation of protest against an infringement of established procedure

an exclamation demanding that orderly behaviour be restored

Derived forms of order

orderer, nounorderless, adjective

Word Origin for order

C13: from Old French ordre, from Latin ordō

Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition
© William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins
Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012

Scientific definitions for order

A group of organisms ranking above a family and below a class. See Table at taxonomy.

The American Heritage® Science Dictionary
Copyright © 2011. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Cultural definitions for order

In biology, the classification lower than a class and higher than a family. Dogs and cats belong to the order of carnivores; human beings, monkeys, and apes belong to the order of primates. Flies and mosquitoes belong to the same order; so do birch trees and oak trees. (See Linnean classification.)

The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition
Copyright © 2005 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Other Idioms and Phrases with order

In addition to the idioms beginning with order

order of the day, the
order someone about

also see:

apple-pie order
back order
call to order
in order
in short order
just what the doctor ordered
law and order
made to order
marching orders
on order
on the order of
out of order
pecking order
put one’s house in order
short order
standing orders
tall order
to order

The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary
Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.

Источник

or·der

(ôr′dər)

1. A condition of logical or comprehensible arrangement among the separate elements of a group.

a. A condition of methodical or prescribed arrangement among component parts such that proper functioning or appearance is achieved: checked to see that the shipping department was in order.

b. Condition or state in general: The escalator is in good working order.

a. The established system of social organization: «Every revolution exaggerates the evils of the old order» (C. Wright Mills).

b. A condition in which freedom from disorder or disruption is maintained through respect for established authority: finally restored order in the rebellious provinces.

4. A sequence or arrangement of successive things: changed the order of the files.

5. The prescribed form or customary procedure, as in a meeting or court of law: The bailiff called the court to order.

6. An authoritative indication to be obeyed; a command or direction.

a. A command given by a superior military officer requiring obedience, as in the execution of a task.

b. orders Formal written instructions to report for military duty at a specified time and place.

a. A commission or instruction to buy, sell, or supply something.

b. That which is supplied, bought, or sold.

a. A request made by a customer at a restaurant for a portion of food.

b. The food requested.

10. Law A directive or command of a court.

11. Ecclesiastical

a. Any of several grades of the Christian ministry: the order of priesthood.

b. often orders The rank of an ordained Christian minister or priest.

c. often orders The sacrament or rite of ordination.

12. Any of the nine grades or choirs of angels.

13. A group of persons living under a religious rule: Order of Saint Benedict.

14. An organization of people united by a common fraternal bond or social aim.

15.

a. A group of people upon whom a government or sovereign has formally conferred honor for unusual service or merit, entitling them to wear a special insignia: the Order of the Garter.

b. The insignia worn by such people.

16. often orders A social class: the lower orders.

17. A class defined by the common attributes of its members; a kind.

18. Degree of quality or importance; rank: poetry of a high order.

19. Architecture

a. Any of several styles of classical architecture characterized by the type of column and entablature employed. Of the five generally accepted classical orders, the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders are Greek and the Tuscan and Composite orders are Roman.

b. A style of building: a cathedral of the Gothic order.

20. Biology A taxonomic category of organisms ranking above a family and below a class.

21. Mathematics

a. The sum of the exponents to which the variables in a term are raised; degree.

b. An indicated number of successive differentiations to be performed.

c. The number of elements in a finite group.

d. The number of rows or columns in a determinant or matrix.

v. or·dered, or·der·ing, or·ders

v.tr.

a. To issue a command or instruction to: ordered the sailors to stow their gear.

b. To direct to proceed as specified: ordered the intruders off the property.

a. To give a command or instruction for: The judge ordered a recount of the ballots.

b. To request to be supplied with: order eggs and bacon for breakfast.

3. To put into a methodical, systematic arrangement: ordered the books on the shelf. See Synonyms at arrange.

4. To predestine; ordain.

v.intr.

To give an order or orders; request that something be done or supplied.

Idioms:

in order to

For the purpose of.

in short order

With no delay; quickly.

on order

Requested but not yet delivered.

on the order of

1. Of a kind or fashion similar to; like: a house on the order of a mountain lodge.

2. Approximately; about: equipment costing on the order of a million dollars.

to order

According to the buyer’s specifications.

[Middle English ordre, from Old French, variant of ordene, from Latin ōrdō, ōrdin-; see ar- in Indo-European roots.]

or′der·er n.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

order

(ˈɔːdə)

1. a state in which all components or elements are arranged logically, comprehensibly, or naturally

2. an arrangement or disposition of things in succession; sequence: alphabetical order.

3. an established or customary method or state, esp of society

4. a peaceful or harmonious condition of society: order reigned in the streets.

5. (often plural) a class, rank, or hierarchy: the lower orders.

6. (Biology) biology any of the taxonomic groups into which a class is divided and which contains one or more families. Carnivora, Primates, and Rodentia are three orders of the class Mammalia

7. an instruction that must be obeyed; command

8. (Law) a decision or direction of a court or judge entered on the court record but not included in the final judgment

9. (Commerce)

a. a commission or instruction to produce or supply something in return for payment

b. the commodity produced or supplied

c. (as modifier): order form.

10. a procedure followed by an assembly, meeting, etc

11. (capital when part of a name) a body of people united in a particular aim or purpose

12. (Ecclesiastical Terms) (usually capital) Also called: religious order a group of persons who bind themselves by vows in order to devote themselves to the pursuit of religious aims

13. (Historical Terms) history a society of knights constituted as a fraternity, such as the Knights Templars

14.

a. a group of people holding a specific honour for service or merit, conferred on them by a sovereign or state

b. the insignia of such a group

15. (Architecture)

a. any of the five major classical styles of architecture classified by the style of columns and entablatures used. See also Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, composite⁴

b. any style of architecture

16. (Ecclesiastical Terms) Christianity

a. the sacrament by which bishops, priests, etc, have their offices conferred upon them

b. any of the degrees into which the ministry is divided

c. the office of an ordained Christian minister

17. (Ecclesiastical Terms) a form of Christian Church service prescribed to be used on specific occasions

18. (Judaism) Judaism one of the six sections of the Mishna or the corresponding tractates of the Talmud

19. (Mathematics) maths

a. the number of times a function must be differentiated to obtain a given derivative

b. the order of the highest derivative in a differential equation

c. the number of rows or columns in a determinant or square matrix

d. the number of members of a finite group

21. (Military) the order military the dress, equipment, or formation directed for a particular purpose or undertaking: drill order; battle order.

22. a tall order something difficult, demanding, or exacting

23. in order

a. in sequence

b. properly arranged

c. appropriate or fitting

24. in order to (preposition; foll by an infinitive) so that it is possible to: to eat in order to live.

25. in order that (conjunction) with the purpose that; so that

26. keep order to maintain or enforce order

27. of the order of in the order of having an approximately specified size or quantity

28. (Commerce) on order having been ordered or commissioned but not having been delivered

29. out of order

a. not in sequence

b. not working

c. not following the rules or customary procedure

30. to order

a. according to a buyer’s specifications

b. on request or demand

31. (tr) to give a command to (a person or animal to do or be something)

32. (Commerce) to request (something) to be supplied or made, esp in return for payment: he ordered a hamburger.

33. (tr) to instruct or command to move, go, etc (to a specified place): they ordered her into the house.

34. (tr; may take a clause as object) to authorize; prescribe: the doctor ordered a strict diet.

35. (tr) to arrange, regulate, or dispose (articles) in their proper places

36. (of fate or the gods) to will; ordain

37. (tr) rare to ordain

interj

38. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) an exclamation of protest against an infringement of established procedure

39. an exclamation demanding that orderly behaviour be restored

[C13: from Old French ordre, from Latin ordō]

ˈorderer n

ˈorderless adj

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

or•der

(ˈɔr dər)
n.

1. an authoritative direction or instruction; command.

2. the disposition of things following one after another; succession or sequence: alphabetical order.

3. a condition in which each thing is properly disposed with reference to other things and to its purpose; methodical or harmonious arrangement.

4. formal disposition or array.

5. proper, satisfactory, or working condition.

6. state or condition generally: in good working order.

7. conformity or obedience to law or established authority: to maintain law and order.

8. customary mode of procedure; established practice or usage.

9. the customary or prescribed mode of proceeding in debates, legislative bodies, meetings, etc.: parliamentary rules of order.

10. prevailing course or arrangement of things; established system or regime: The old order is changing.

11. a direction or commission to make, provide, or furnish something.

12. a quantity of goods or items purchased or sold.

13. a portion of food requested or served in a restaurant.

14. Math.

a. degree, as in algebra.

b. the number of rows or columns of a square matrix or determinant.

c. the number of times a function has been differentiated to produce a given derivative: a second-order derivative.

d. the highest derivative appearing in a given differential equation.

e. the number of elements of a given group.

15. a class, kind, or sort distinguished from others by character or rank: talents of a high order.

16. Biol. the usual major subdivision of a class or subclass in the classification of organisms, consisting of one or more families.

17. a rank or class of persons in a community.

18. a group or body of persons of the same profession, occupation, or pursuits.

19. a body or society of persons living by common consent under the same religious, moral, or social regulations.

21. a monastic society or fraternity: the Franciscan order.

22. any of the nine grades of angels in medieval angelology. Compare angel (def. 1).

23. a written direction to pay money or deliver goods, given by a person legally entitled to dispose of it.

24. Archit.

a. an arrangement of columns with an entablature.

b. any of five styles of column and entablature typical of classical architecture, including the Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and Composite styles.

25. orders, the rank or status of an ordained Christian minister.

26. Usu., orders. the rite or sacrament of ordination.

27. a prescribed form of religious service or of administration of a rite.

28. a society or fraternity of knights, of combined military and monastic character, as the medieval Knights Templars.

29. an organization or fraternal society in some way resembling the knightly orders.

30. (cap.)

a. a special honor or rank conferred by a sovereign upon a person for distinguished achievement.

b. the insignia worn by such persons.

v.t.

31. to give an order or command to.

32. to direct or command to go or come as specified: She ordered them out of her house.

33. to direct to be made or supplied: to order a copy of a book.

34. to prescribe.

35. to regulate, conduct, or manage.

36. to arrange methodically or suitably.

37. Math. to arrange (the elements of a set) so that if one element precedes another, it cannot be preceded by the other or by elements that the other precedes.

38. to ordain.

v.i.

39. to give an order or issue orders.

Idioms:

1. call to order, to begin (a meeting).

2. in order, rightful and proper; appropriate: An apology is certainly in order.

3. in order that, so that; to the end that.

4. in order to, as a means to; with the purpose of.

5. on order, ordered but not yet received.

6. on the order of,

a. resembling to some extent; like.

b. approximately; about.

7. out of order,

a. not in correct sequence or arrangement.

b. not operating properly; in disrepair.

8. to order, according to the purchaser’s requirements or stipulations.

[1175–1225; Middle English ordre < Old French < Latin ōrdinem, acc. of ōrdō row, rank]

or·der

(ôr′dər)

A group of organisms ranking above a family and below a class. See Table at taxonomy.

The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

order

A communication, written, oral, or by signal, which conveys instructions from a superior to a subordinate. (DOD only) In a broad sense, the terms «order» and «command» are synonymous. However, an order implies discretion as to the details of execution whereas a command does not.

Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. US Department of Defense 2005.

Order/Disorder

order

Past participle: ordered
Gerund: ordering

Imperative
order
order

Present
I order
you order
he/she/it orders
we order
you order
they order

Preterite
I ordered
you ordered
he/she/it ordered
we ordered
you ordered
they ordered

Present Continuous
I am ordering
you are ordering
he/she/it is ordering
we are ordering
you are ordering
they are ordering

Present Perfect
I have ordered
you have ordered
he/she/it has ordered
we have ordered
you have ordered
they have ordered

Past Continuous
I was ordering
you were ordering
he/she/it was ordering
we were ordering
you were ordering
they were ordering

Past Perfect
I had ordered
you had ordered
he/she/it had ordered
we had ordered
you had ordered
they had ordered

Future
I will order
you will order
he/she/it will order
we will order
you will order
they will order

Future Perfect
I will have ordered
you will have ordered
he/she/it will have ordered
we will have ordered
you will have ordered
they will have ordered

Future Continuous
I will be ordering
you will be ordering
he/she/it will be ordering
we will be ordering
you will be ordering
they will be ordering

Present Perfect Continuous
I have been ordering
you have been ordering
he/she/it has been ordering
we have been ordering
you have been ordering
they have been ordering

Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been ordering
you will have been ordering
he/she/it will have been ordering
we will have been ordering
you will have been ordering
they will have been ordering

Past Perfect Continuous
I had been ordering
you had been ordering
he/she/it had been ordering
we had been ordering
you had been ordering
they had been ordering

Conditional
I would order
you would order
he/she/it would order
we would order
you would order
they would order

Past Conditional
I would have ordered
you would have ordered
he/she/it would have ordered
we would have ordered
you would have ordered
they would have ordered

ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:

Noun	1.	order — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed; «the British ships dropped anchor and waited for orders from London» plural, plural form — the form of a word that is used to denote more than one bid, bidding, command, dictation — an authoritative direction or instruction to do something marching orders — an order from a superior officer for troops to depart summons — an order to appear in person at a given place and time word — a verbal command for action; «when I give the word, charge!» armed forces, armed services, military, military machine, war machine — the military forces of a nation; «their military is the largest in the region»; «the military machine is the same one we faced in 1991 but now it is weaker»
	2.	order — a degree in a continuum of size or quantity; «it was on the order of a mile»; «an explosion of a low order of magnitude» order of magnitude magnitude — the property of relative size or extent (whether large or small); «they tried to predict the magnitude of the explosion»; «about the magnitude of a small pea»
	3.	order — established customary state (especially of society); «order ruled in the streets»; «law and order» state — the way something is with respect to its main attributes; «the current state of knowledge»; «his state of health»; «in a weak financial state» civil order, polity — the form of government of a social organization rule of law — a state of order in which events conform to the law tranquillity, quiet, tranquility — an untroubled state; free from disturbances concordance, concord, harmony — a harmonious state of things in general and of their properties (as of colors and sounds); congruity of parts with one another and with the whole stability — a stable order (especially of society) peace — the state prevailing during the absence of war disorder — a disturbance of the peace or of public order
	4.	order — logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; «we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation» ordering, ordination bacteria order — an order of bacteria word order — the order of words in a text arrangement — an orderly grouping (of things or persons) considered as a unit; the result of arranging; «a flower arrangement» genetic code — the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells genome — the ordering of genes in a haploid set of chromosomes of a particular organism; the full DNA sequence of an organism; «the human genome contains approximately three billion chemical base pairs» series — similar things placed in order or happening one after another; «they were investigating a series of bank robberies»
	5.	order — a condition of regular or proper arrangement; «he put his desk in order»; «the machine is now in working order» orderliness condition, status — a state at a particular time; «a condition (or state) of disrepair»; «the current status of the arms negotiations» spit and polish — careful attention to order and appearance (as in the military) kelter, kilter — in working order; «out of kilter»; «in good kilter» tidiness — the habit of being tidy disorderliness, disorder — a condition in which things are not in their expected places; «the files are in complete disorder»
	6.	order — a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge); «a friend in New Mexico said that the order caused no trouble out there» decree, fiat, rescript, edict act, enactment — a legal document codifying the result of deliberations of a committee or society or legislative body consent decree — an agreement between two parties that is sanctioned by the court; for example, a company might agree to stop certain questionable practices without admitting guilt curfew — an order that after a specific time certain activities (as being outside on the streets) are prohibited decree nisi — a decree issued on a first petition for divorce; becomes absolute at some later date imperial decree — a decree issued by a sovereign ruler judicial separation, legal separation — a judicial decree regulating the rights and responsibilities of a married couple living apart programma — an edict that has been publicly posted ban, proscription, prohibition — a decree that prohibits something stay — a judicial order forbidding some action until an event occurs or the order is lifted; «the Supreme Court has the power to stay an injunction pending an appeal to the whole Court» papal bull, bull — a formal proclamation issued by the pope (usually written in antiquated characters and sealed with a leaden bulla) law, jurisprudence — the collection of rules imposed by authority; «civilization presupposes respect for the law»; «the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order»
	7.	order — a commercial document used to request someone to supply something in return for payment and providing specifications and quantities; «IBM received an order for a hundred computers» purchase order commercial document, commercial instrument — a document of or relating to commerce bill-me order, credit order — an order that is received without payment; requires billing at a later date indent — an order for goods to be exported or imported market order — an order to a broker to sell or buy stocks or commodities at the prevailing market price production order — an order that initiates the manufacturing process reorder — a repeated order for the same merchandise; «he’s the one who sends out all the new orders and reorders» stop order, stop-loss order — an order to a broker to sell (buy) when the price of a security falls (rises) to a designated level stop payment — a depositor’s order to a bank to refuse payment on a check mail order — a purchase negotiated by mail
	8.	order — a formal association of people with similar interests; «he joined a golf club»; «they formed a small lunch society»; «men from the fraternal order will staff the soup kitchen today» gild, guild, social club, society, lodge, club association — a formal organization of people or groups of people; «he joined the Modern Language Association» athenaeum, atheneum — a literary or scientific association for the promotion of learning bookclub — a club that people join in order to buy selected books at reduced prices chapter — a local branch of some fraternity or association; «he joined the Atlanta chapter» chess club — a club of people to play chess country club — a suburban club for recreation and socializing frat, fraternity — a social club for male undergraduates glee club — a club organized to sing together golf club — a club of people to play golf hunt club, hunt — an association of huntsmen who hunt for sport investors club — a club of small investors who buy and sell securities jointly jockey club — a club to promote and regulate horse racing racket club — club for players of racket sports rowing club — a club for rowers slate club — a group of people who save money in a common fund for a specific purpose (usually distributed at Christmas) sorority — a social club for female undergraduates turnverein — a club of tumblers or gymnasts boat club, yacht club — club that promotes and supports yachting and boating service club — a club of professional or business people organized for their coordination and active in public services club member — someone who is a member of a club
	9.	order — a body of rules followed by an assembly parliamentary law, parliamentary procedure, rules of order prescript, rule — prescribed guide for conduct or action interpellation — (parliament) a parliamentary procedure of demanding that a government official explain some act or policy standing order — a rule of order permanently in force cloture, gag law, gag rule, closure — a rule for limiting or ending debate in a deliberative body point of order — a question as to whether the current proceedings are allowed by parliamentary procedure previous question — a motion calling for an immediate vote on the main question under discussion by a deliberative assembly mover, proposer — (parliamentary procedure) someone who makes a formal motion
	10.	Order — (usually plural) the status or rank or office of a Christian clergyman in an ecclesiastical hierarchy; «theologians still disagree over whether `bishop’ should or should not be a separate Order» Holy Order acolyte — someone who assists a priest or minister in a liturgical service; a cleric ordained in the highest of the minor orders in the Roman Catholic Church but not in the Anglican Church or the Eastern Orthodox Churches anagnost — a cleric in the minor orders of the Eastern Orthodox Church who reads the lessons aloud in the liturgy (analogous to the lector in the Roman Catholic Church) deacon — a cleric ranking just below a priest in Christian churches; one of the Holy Orders ostiarius, ostiary, doorkeeper — the lowest of the minor Holy Orders in the unreformed Western Church but now suppressed by the Roman Catholic Church exorcist — one of the minor orders in the unreformed Western Church but now suppressed in the Roman Catholic Church lector, reader — someone who reads the lessons in a church service; someone ordained in a minor order of the Roman Catholic Church priest — a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders subdeacon — a clergyman an order below deacon; one of the Holy Orders in the unreformed western Christian church and the eastern Catholic Churches but now suppressed in the Roman Catholic Church status, position — the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society; «he had the status of a minor»; «the novel attained the status of a classic»; «atheists do not enjoy a favorable position in American life»
	11.	order — a group of person living under a religious rule; «the order of Saint Benedict» monastic order Augustinian order — any of several monastic orders observing a rule derived from the writings of St. Augustine Benedictine order, order of Saint Benedict — a Roman Catholic monastic order founded in the 6th century; noted for liturgical worship and for scholarly activities Carmelite order, Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel — a Roman Catholic mendicant order founded in the 12th century Carthusian order — an austere contemplative Roman Catholic order founded by St. Bruno in 1084 Dominican order — a Roman Catholic order of mendicant preachers founded in the 13th century Franciscan order — a Roman Catholic order founded by Saint Francis of Assisi in the 13th century Jesuit order, Society of Jesus — a Roman Catholic order founded by Saint Ignatius of Loyola in 1534 to defend Catholicism against the Reformation and to do missionary work among the heathen; it is strongly committed to education and scholarship religious order, religious sect, sect — a subdivision of a larger religious group
	12.	order — (biology) taxonomic group containing one or more families animal order — the order of animals protoctist order — the order of protoctists biological science, biology — the science that studies living organisms taxon, taxonomic category, taxonomic group — animal or plant group having natural relations class — (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders suborder — (biology) taxonomic group that is a subdivision of an order family — (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera; «sharks belong to the fish family» plant order — the order of plants fungus order — the order of fungi
	13.	order — a request for something to be made, supplied, or served; «I gave the waiter my order»; «the company’s products were in such demand that they got more orders than their call center could handle» asking, request — the verbal act of requesting short order — an order for food that can be prepared quickly
	14.	order — (architecture) one of original three styles of Greek architecture distinguished by the type of column and entablature used or a style developed from the original three by the Romans Dorian order, Doric order — the oldest and simplest of the Greek orders and the only one that normally has no base Ionian order, Ionic order — the second Greek order; the capital is decorated with spiral scrolls Corinthian order — the last Greek order; similar to the Ionic order except the capital is decorated with carvings of acanthus leaves Composite order — a Roman order that combines the Corinthian acanthus leaves with the spiral scrolls of the Ionic order Tuscan order — a Roman order that resembles the Doric order but without a fluted shaft artistic style, idiom — the style of a particular artist or school or movement; «an imaginative orchestral idiom» architecture — the discipline dealing with the principles of design and construction and ornamentation of fine buildings; «architecture and eloquence are mixed arts whose end is sometimes beauty and sometimes use»
	15.	order — the act of putting things in a sequential arrangement; «there were mistakes in the ordering of items on the list» ordering organisation, organization — the activity or result of distributing or disposing persons or things properly or methodically; «his organization of the work force was very efficient» rank order — an arrangement according to rank grading, scaling — the act of arranging in a graduated series succession, sequence — the action of following in order; «he played the trumps in sequence» layout — the act of laying out (as by making plans for something) alphabetisation, alphabetization — the act of putting in alphabetical order
Verb	1.	order — give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority; «I said to him to go home»; «She ordered him to do the shopping»; «The mother told the child to get dressed» enjoin, tell, say direct — command with authority; «He directed the children to do their homework» instruct — give instructions or directions for some task; «She instructed the students to work on their pronunciation» command, require — make someone do something request — ask (a person) to do something; «She asked him to be here at noon»; «I requested that she type the entire manuscript» send for, call — order, request, or command to come; «She was called into the director’s office»; «Call the police!» warn — ask to go away; «The old man warned the children off his property»
	2.	order — make a request for something; «Order me some flowers»; «order a work stoppage» reorder — make a new request to be supplied with; «The store had to reorder the popular CD several times» place — to arrange for; «place a phone call»; «place a bet» call for, request, bespeak, quest — express the need or desire for; ask for; «She requested an extra bed in her room»; «She called for room service» call — order or request or give a command for; «The unions called a general strike for Sunday» wish — order politely; express a wish for commission — place an order for
	3.	order — issue commands or orders for dictate, prescribe inflict, impose, bring down, visit — impose something unpleasant; «The principal visited his rage on the students» mandate — make mandatory; «the new director of the school board mandated regular tests»
	4.	order — bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations; «We cannot regulate the way people dress»; «This town likes to regulate» govern, regularise, regularize, regulate standardize, standardise — cause to conform to standard or norm; «The weights and measures were standardized» decide, make up one’s mind, determine — reach, make, or come to a decision about something; «We finally decided after lengthy deliberations» district, zone — regulate housing in; of certain areas of towns
	5.	order — bring order to or into; «Order these files» clean up, neaten, square away, tidy, tidy up, straighten, straighten out — put (things or places) in order; «Tidy up your room!» systematise, systematize, systemise, systemize — arrange according to a system or reduce to a system; «systematize our scientific knowledge» collate — to assemble in proper sequence; «collate the papers» unsnarl, disentangle, straighten out — extricate from entanglement; «Can you disentangle the cord?» arrange, set up — put into a proper or systematic order; «arrange the books on the shelves in chronological order» disarray, disorder — bring disorder to
	6.	order — place in a certain order; «order the photos chronologically» arrange, set up — put into a proper or systematic order; «arrange the books on the shelves in chronological order»
	7.	order — appoint to a clerical posts; «he was ordained in the Church» consecrate, ordinate, ordain enthrone, vest, invest — provide with power and authority; «They vested the council with special rights»
	8.	order — arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events; «arrange my schedule»; «set up one’s life»; «I put these memories with those of bygone times» arrange, put, set up contemporise, contemporize, synchronise, synchronize — arrange or represent events so that they co-occur; «synchronize biblical events» phrase — divide, combine, or mark into phrases; «phrase a musical passage» organize, organise — cause to be structured or ordered or operating according to some principle or idea
	9.	order — assign a rank or rating to; «how would you rank these students?»; «The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide» grade, rate, rank, place, range superordinate — place in a superior order or rank; «These two notions are superordinated to a third» shortlist — put someone or something on a short list seed — distribute (players or teams) so that outstanding teams or players will not meet in the early rounds reorder — assign a new order to subordinate — rank or order as less important or consider of less value; «Art is sometimes subordinated to Science in these schools» prioritise, prioritize — assign a priority to; «we have too many things to do and must prioritize» sequence — arrange in a sequence downgrade — rate lower; lower in value or esteem upgrade — rate higher; raise in value or esteem pass judgment, evaluate, judge — form a critical opinion of; «I cannot judge some works of modern art»; «How do you evaluate this grant proposal?» «We shouldn’t pass judgment on other people»

order

verb

1. command, instruct, direct, charge, demand, require, bid, compel, enjoin, adjure Williams ordered him to leave.
command forbid, ban, prohibit, debar, exclude

2. decree, rule, demand, establish, prescribe, pronounce, ordain The President has ordered a full investigation.
decree ban, disallow, proscribe, rule out, veto, outlaw, preclude, make illegal, interdict, criminalize

3. request, ask (for), book, demand, seek, call for, reserve, engage, apply for, contract for, solicit, requisition, put in for, send away for I often order goods over the Internet these days.

4. arrange, group, sort, class, position, range, file, rank, line up, organize, set out, sequence, catalogue, sort out, classify, array, dispose, tidy, marshal, lay out, tabulate, systematize, neaten, put in order, set in order, put to rights Entries in the book are ordered alphabetically.
arrange confuse, disturb, disorder, scramble, mix up, muddle, mess up, jumble up, disarrange

noun

1. instruction, ruling, demand, direction, command, say-so (informal), dictate, decree, mandate, directive, injunction, behest, stipulation They were arrested and executed on the orders of Stalin.

3. sequence, grouping, ordering, line, series, structure, chain, arrangement, line-up, succession, disposal, array, placement, classification, layout, progression, disposition, setup (informal), categorization, codification List the key headings and sort them in a logical order.

4. organization, system, method, plan, pattern, arrangement, harmony, symmetry, regularity, propriety, neatness, tidiness, orderliness The wish to impose order upon confusion is a kind of intellectual instinct.
organization mess, disorder, confusion, chaos, muddle, shambles, disarray, jumble, pandemonium

6. society, company, group, club, union, community, league, association, institute, organization, circle, corporation, lodge, guild, sect, fellowship, fraternity, brotherhood, sisterhood, sodality the Benedictine order of monks

8. kind, group, class, family, form, sort, type, variety, cast, species, breed, strain, category, tribe, genre, classification, genus, ilk, subdivision, subclass, taxonomic group the order of insects Coleoptera, better known as beetles

be the order of the day be obligatory Champagne is the order of the day at weddings.

in order

1. tidy, ordered, neat, arranged, trim, orderly, spruce, well-kept, well-ordered, shipshape, spick-and-span, trig (archaic or dialect), in apple-pie order (informal) We tried to keep the room in order.

2. appropriate, right, fitting, seemly, called for, correct, suitable, acceptable, proper, to the point, apt, applicable, pertinent, befitting, well-suited, well-timed, apposite, germane, to the purpose, meet (archaic), O.K. or okay (informal) I think an apology would be in order.

order someone about or around dominate, bully, intimidate, oppress, dictate to, terrorize, put upon, push around (slang), browbeat, ride roughshod over, lord it over, tyrannize, rule with an iron hand My big brother’s always ordering me about.

out of order

1. not working, broken, broken-down, ruined, bust (informal), buggered (slang, chiefly Brit.), defective, wonky (Brit. slang), not functioning, out of commission, on the blink (slang), on its last legs, inoperative, kaput (informal), in disrepair, gone haywire (informal), nonfunctional, on the fritz (U.S. slang), gone phut (informal), U.S. (informal) The phone is out of order.

2. improper, wrong, unsuitable, not done, not on (informal), unfitting, vulgar, out of place, unseemly, untoward, unbecoming, impolite, off-colour, out of turn, uncalled-for, not cricket (informal), indelicate, indecorous Don’t you think that remark was a bit out of order?

Proverbs
«A place for everything, and everything in its place»
«There’s a time and a place for everything»

Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002

order

noun

1. A way or condition of being arranged:

arrangement, categorization, classification, deployment, disposal, disposition, distribution, formation, grouping, layout, lineup, organization, placement, sequence.

2. Systematic arrangement and design:

3. A state of sound readiness:

4. A way in which things follow each other in space or time:

5. A number of things placed or occurring one after the other:

chain, consecution, course, procession, progression, round, run, sequence, series, string, succession, suite, train.

6. An authoritative indication to be obeyed:

behest, bidding, charge, command, commandment, dictate, direction, directive, injunction, instruction (often used in plural), mandate, word.

7. A group of people united in a relationship and having some interest, activity, or purpose in common:

association, club, confederation, congress, federation, fellowship, fraternity, guild, league, organization, society, sorority, union.

8. A class that is defined by the common attribute or attributes possessed by all its members:

breed, cast, description, feather, ilk, kind, lot, manner, mold, nature, sort, species, stamp, stripe, type, variety.

9. A division of persons or things by quality, rank, or grade:

10. A subdivision of a larger group:

verb

2. To command or issue commands in an arrogant manner:

3. To put into a deliberate order:

4. To arrange in an orderly manner:

Translations

أَخَوِيَّه ، رَهْبَنَهأمْرأمْرٌأمْر، بَلاغترتيب

rozkazrozkázatuspořádaná množinauspořádatobjednat

ordrebeordrebestillebestillinggruppe

järjestamakäskimakorralduskorrastamatellima

käskylahkomäärätätilatatilaus

naredbanarediti

rendrendelrendelésrendezsorrend

aturanordoperintah

ávísunkoma lagi á, raîalög og reglapantapöntun

命令指図する

명령명령하다

drausmingasgera būklėidantkadnesilaikantis reglamento

kārtakārtībaklasenorādījumsnorīkot

objednávkaplatobný príkazzákazka

redukazukazatinalognaročilo

ordningbefallningbeordrabeställabeställning

คำสั่งสั่ง

حکم

mệnh lệnhra lệnh

Collins Spanish Dictionary — Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

order

[ˈɔː^rdə^r]

[monks, nuns] → ordre m

(= command) → ordre m
to give an order → donner un ordre
to carry out an order → mettre un ordre à exécution
to take orders from sb → recevoir des ordres de qn
I’m not taking orders from you or anyone else! → Je n’ai pas d’ordre à recevoir de vous ou de qui que ce soit!
to be under orders to do sth → avoir ordre de faire qch
He was under orders to shoot the prisoner if he tried to escape → Il avait ordre de tirer sur le prisonnier s’il tentait de s’échapper.

to be in good order [house, machine, equipment] → en bon état

«out of order» [lift] (= not working) → «hors service»
to be out of order [parking meter, phone, lift, machine] → être hors service

to be out of order [person, behaviour] (= unacceptable) → être inacceptable

to be in order (= acceptable) → être valable

in order to do sth (= so as to) → afin de faire qch
He does it in order to earn money → Il le fait afin de gagner de l’argent.
in order not to do sth → afin de ne pas faire qch
in order for sth to happen → afin que qch se produise
in order for him to do sth, he has to … → afin de faire qch, il doit …
In order for him to win, he has to get at least nine votes → Afin de gagner, il doit obtenir au moins neuf voix.
in order that … (followed by subject different from that of main clause) → afin que + subj …
I am resigning in order that a line can be drawn under recent events → Je démissionne afin que l’on puisse tirer un trait sur les récents événements.; (followed by subject that is the same as that of main clause) → afin de
They are learning English in order that they can study a particular subject → Ils apprennent l’anglais afin de pouvoir étudier un sujet en particulier.

(= about) to be of the order of → être de l’ordre de
in the order of → de l’ordre de

to be in order [passport, papers] → être en règle

(= put into order) [+ pages, paragraphs, points] → ordonner

order

(Fin) cheque (Brit) or check (US) to order → Orderscheck m, → Namensscheck m; pay to the order of → zahlbar an (+acc); pay X or Order → (zahlbar) an X oder dessen Order

in order to do something → um etw zu tun; in order that → damit

(Archit) → Säulenordnung f; (fig: = class, degree) → Art f; intelligence of a high or the first order → hochgradige Intelligenz; the present crisis is of a different order → die gegenwärtige Krise ist andersgeartet; something in the order of ten per cent → in der Größenordnung von zehn Prozent; something in the order of one in ten applicants → etwa einer von zehn Bewerbern

(Mil: = formation) → Ordnung f

(social) → Schicht f; the higher/lower orders → die oberen/unteren Schichten; the order of baronets → der Freiherrnstand

(Eccl: of monks etc) → Orden m; Benedictine order → Benediktinerorden m

(= direct, arrange) one’s affairs, life → ordnen; to order arms (Mil) → das Gewehr abnehmen

(Comm etc) goods, dinner, taxi → bestellen; (to be manufactured) ship, suit, machinery etc → in Auftrag geben (from sb bei jdm)

order

order book

n (Comm) → Auftragsbuch nt; the orders are full → die Auftragsbücher sind voll

order cheque

n → Orderscheck m, → Namensscheck m

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

order

(ˈoːdə) noun

1. a statement (by a person in authority) of what someone must do; a command. He gave me my orders.

2. an instruction to supply something. orders from Germany for special gates.

3. something supplied. Your order is nearly ready.

4. a tidy state. The house is in (good) order.

5. a system or method. I must have order in my life.

6. an arrangement (of people, things etc) in space, time etc. in alphabetical order; in order of importance.

7. a peaceful condition. law and order.

8. a written instruction to pay money. a banker’s order.

9. a group, class, rank or position. This is a list of the various orders of plants; the social order.

10. a religious society, especially of monks. the Benedictine order.

verb

1. to tell (someone) to do something (from a position of authority). He ordered me to stand up.

2. to give an instruction to supply. I have ordered some new furniture from the shop; He ordered a steak.

3. to put in order. Should we order these alphabetically?

ˈorderly adjective

well-behaved; quiet. an orderly queue of people.

noun – plural ˈorderlies –

1. a hospital attendant who does routine jobs.

2. a soldier who carries an officer’s orders and messages.

ˈorderliness nounˈorder-form noun

a form on which a customer’s order is written.

in order

1. correct according to what is regularly done, especially in meetings etc. It is quite in order to end the meeting now.

2. in a good efficient state. Everything is in order for the party.

in order (that)

so that. He checked all his figures again in order that the report might be as accurate as possible.

in order to

for the purpose of. I went home in order to change my clothes.

made to order

made when and how a customer wishes. curtains made to order.

on order

having been ordered but not yet supplied. We don’t have any copies of this book at the moment, but it’s on order.

order about

to keep on giving orders (to someone). I’m tired of him ordering me about all the time.

out of order

1. not working (properly). The machine is out of order.

2. not correct according to what is regularly done, especially in meetings etc. He was out of order in saying that.

a tall order

a difficult job or task. Asking us to finish this by Friday is a bit of a tall order.

order

→ أمْرٌ, يَأمُرُ rozkaz, rozkázat beordre, ordre Befehl, befehlen διαταγή, διατάζω orden, ordenar käsky, määrätä commander, ordre naredba, narediti ordinare, ordine 命令, 指図する 명령, 명령하다 bevel, bevelen beordre, ordre rozkaz, rozkazać ordem, ordenar приказ, приказывать beordra, ordning คำสั่ง, สั่ง emir, emir vermek mệnh lệnh, ra lệnh 定单, 定购

or·der

n. orden, reglamento, disposición;

in ___ that → para que, a fin de que;

in ___ to → para;

v. ordenar, disponer, mandar; [arrange] arreglar;

to be in good ___ → estar en buen estado;

to get out of ___ → descomponerse.

Please order me a taxi
Please order me a taxi for eight o’clock (US)
Please order me a taxi for 8 o’clock (UK)
I’d like to order something local
May I order now, please? (US)
Can I order now, please? (UK)

order

n (sequence) orden m; (command) orden f; (medical) indicación f (form), orden f; birth — orden de nacimiento; standing — orden permanente; vt indicar (form), ordenar; just what the doctor ordered..justo lo que el médico ordenó

Источник

Constituent word orders[edit]

Distribution of word order types[edit]

Functions of constituent word order[edit]

Semantics of word order[edit]

Phrase word orders and branching[edit]

Pragmatic word order[edit]

Hungarian[edit]

Hindi-Urdu[edit]

Portuguese[edit]

Latin[edit]

Albanian[edit]

O’odham (Papago-Pima)[edit]

Other issues with word order[edit]

Language change[edit]

Dialectal variation[edit]

Poetry[edit]

Translation[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

1. What is Word Order?

2.Examples of Word Order

3. Types of Word Order

a. Standard Word Order

B. Questions

4. Parts of Word Order

a. Indirect Objects

b. Prepositional Phrases

c. Adverbs

5. How to Use Avoid Mistakes with Word Order

Idioms about order

Origin of order

synonym study for order

OTHER WORDS FROM order

Words nearby order

Words related to order

How to use order in a sentence

British Dictionary definitions for order

Derived forms of order

Word Origin for order

Scientific definitions for order

Cultural definitions for order

Other Idioms and Phrases with order

or·der

order

or•der

or·der

order

Order/Disorder

order

order

order

order

order

order

order

order

or·der

order