Cover the text match a word from

TEXT
5

1. Read the article and choose the best headline.

1. Benefits
   of using fiber optic

2. New
   device could bring optical information processing

3. New
   type of optical device

Researchers
have created a new type of optical device small enough to fit
millions on a computer chip that could lead to faster, more powerful
information processing and supercomputers.

The
«passive optical diode» is made from two tiny silicon rings
measuring 10 microns in diameter, or about one-tenth the width of a
human hair. Unlike other optical diodes, it does not require external
assistance to transmit signals and can be readily integrated into
computer chips.

The
diode is capable of «nonreciprocal transmission,» meaning
it transmits signals in only one direction, making it capable of
information processing, said Minghao Qi (pronounced Chee), an
associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at Purdue
University.

«This
one-way transmission is the most fundamental part of a logic circuit,
so our diodes open the door to optical information processing,»
said Qi, working with a team also led by Andrew Weiner, Purdue’s
Scifres Family Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer
Engineering.

The
diodes are described in a paper to be published online Dec. 22 in the
journal Science.
The paper was written by graduate students Li Fan, Jian Wang, Leo
Varghese, HaoShen and Ben Niu, research associate Yi Xuan, and Weiner
and Qi.

Although
fiberoptic cables are instrumental in transmitting large quantities
of data across oceans and continents, information processing is
slowed and the data are susceptible to cyberattack when optical
signals must be translated into electronic signals for use in
computers, and vice versa.

«This
translation requires expensive equipment,» Wang said. «What
you’d rather be able to do is plug the fiber directly into computers
with no translation needed, and then you get a lot of bandwidth and
security.»

Electronic
diodes constitute critical junctions in transistors and help enable
integrated circuits to switch on and off and to process information.
The new optical diodes are compatible with industry manufacturing
processes for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors, or CMOS, used
to produce computer chips, Fan said.

«These
diodes are very compact, and they have other attributes that make
them attractive as a potential component for future photonic
information processing chips,» she said.

The
new optical diodes could make for faster and more secure information
processing by eliminating the need for this translation. The devices,
which are nearly ready for commercialization, also could lead to
faster, more powerful supercomputers by using them to connect
numerous processors together.

«The
major factor limiting supercomputers today is the speed and bandwidth
of communication between the individual superchips in the system,»
Varghese said. «Our optical diode may be a component in optical
interconnect systems that could eliminate such a bottleneck.»

Infrared
light from a laser at telecommunication wavelength goes through an
optical fiber and is guided by a microstructure called a waveguide.
It then passes sequentially through two silicon rings and undergoes
«nonlinear interaction» while inside the tiny rings.
Depending on which ring the light enters first, it will either pass
in the forward direction or be dissipated in the backward direction,
making for one-way transmission. The rings can be tuned by heating
them using a «microheater,» which changes the wavelengths
at which they transmit, making it possible to handle a broad
frequency range.

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72. Соедини слова из двух колонок в словосочетания. Затем придумай предложения
с этими словосочетаниями и словом «город».
1.      important port — This city is a very important port.
2.      colourful fountain — In the heart of the city there is a colourful fountain.
3.      famous monument — The famous monument to the soldiers is in the eastern part of the city.
4.      big building — There are a lot big buildings in my city.
5.      long river — My city stands on the bank of the longest river in Europe
6.      international conference — International conferences often take part in my city.
7.       popular exhibition — Popular exhibitions in this city attract many visitors.
8.      beautiful square — This is the most beautiful square in the city.
9.      well-known symbol — This city itself is the well-known symbol of the country.
1.          modern cinema — You can visit modern cinema in the centre of the city.
2.           central park — Central park is the favourite place of the people living in this city.
3.           wonderful theatre — This wonderful theatre is well-known not only in this city
4.          thrilling stadium — This huge stadium is the thrilling place in the city.