Converting excel numbers to date

When you type a date or time in a cell, it appears in a default date and time format. This default format is based on the regional date and time settings that are specified in Control Panel, and changes when you adjust those settings in Control Panel. You can display numbers in several other date and time formats, most of which are not affected by Control Panel settings.

In this article

• Display numbers as dates or times

• Create a custom date or time format

• Tips for displaying dates or times

Display numbers as dates or times

You can format dates and times as you type. For example, if you type 2/2 in a cell, Excel automatically interprets this as a date and displays 2-Feb in the cell. If this isn’t what you want—for example, if you would rather show February 2, 2009 or 2/2/09 in the cell—you can choose a different date format in the Format Cells dialog box, as explained in the following procedure. Similarly, if you type 9:30 a or 9:30 p in a cell, Excel will interpret this as a time and display 9:30 AM or 9:30 PM. Again, you can customize the way the time appears in the Format Cells dialog box.

1. On the Home tab, in the Number group, click the Dialog Box Launcher next to Number.

   

   You can also press CTRL+1 to open the Format Cells dialog box.

2. In the Category list, click Date or Time.

   

3. In the Type list, click the date or time format that you want to use.

   Note: Date and time formats that begin with an asterisk (*) respond to changes in regional date and time settings that are specified in Control Panel. Formats without an asterisk are not affected by Control Panel settings.

4. To display dates and times in the format of other languages, click the language setting that you want in the Locale (location) box.

   

   The number in the active cell of the selection on the worksheet appears in the Sample box so that you can preview the number formatting options that you selected.

   

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Create a custom date or time format

1. On the Home tab, click the Dialog Box Launcher next to Number.

   

   You can also press CTRL+1 to open the Format Cells dialog box.

2. In the Category box, click Date or Time, and then choose the number format that is closest in style to the one you want to create. (When creating custom number formats, it’s easier to start from an existing format than it is to start from scratch.)

3. In the Category box, click Custom. In the Type box, you should see the format code matching the date or time format you selected in the step 3. The built-in date or time format can’t be changed or deleted, so don’t worry about overwriting it.

4. In the Type box, make the necessary changes to the format. You can use any of the codes in the following tables:

   Days, months, and years    

To display	Use this code
Months as 1–12	m
Months as 01–12	mm
Months as Jan–Dec	mmm
Months as January–December	mmmm
Months as the first letter of the month	mmmmm
Days as 1–31	d
Days as 01–31	dd
Days as Sun–Sat	ddd
Days as Sunday–Saturday	dddd
Years as 00–99	yy
Years as 1900–9999	yyyy

If you use «m» immediately after the «h» or «hh» code or immediately before the «ss» code, Excel displays minutes instead of the month.

Hours, minutes, and seconds

To display	Use this code
Hours as 0–23	h
Hours as 00–23	hh
Minutes as 0–59	m
Minutes as 00–59	mm
Seconds as 0–59	s
Seconds as 00–59	ss
Hours as 4 AM	h AM/PM
Time as 4:36 PM	h:mm AM/PM
Time as 4:36:03 P	h:mm:ss A/P
Elapsed time in hours; for example, 25.02	[h]:mm
Elapsed time in minutes; for example, 63:46	[mm]:ss
Elapsed time in seconds	[ss]
Fractions of a second	h:mm:ss.00

AM and PM     If the format contains an AM or PM, the hour is based on the 12-hour clock, where «AM» or «A» indicates times from midnight until noon and «PM» or «P» indicates times from noon until midnight. Otherwise, the hour is based on the 24-hour clock. The «m» or «mm» code must appear immediately after the «h» or «hh» code or immediately before the «ss» code; otherwise, Excel displays the month instead of minutes.

Creating custom number formats can be tricky if you haven’t done it before. For more information about how to create custom number formats, see Create or delete a custom number format.

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Tips for displaying dates or times

• To quickly use the default date or time format, click the cell that contains the date or time, and then press CTRL+SHIFT+# or CTRL+SHIFT+@.

• If a cell displays ##### after you apply date or time formatting to it, the cell probably isn’t wide enough to display the data. To expand the column width, double-click the right boundary of the column containing the cells. This automatically resizes the column to fit the number. You can also drag the right boundary until the columns are the size you want.

• When you try to undo a date or time format by selecting General in the Category list, Excel displays a number code. When you enter a date or time again, Excel displays the default date or time format. To enter a specific date or time format, such as January 2010, you can format it as text by selecting Text in the Category list.

• To quickly enter the current date in your worksheet, select any empty cell, and then press CTRL+; (semicolon), and then press ENTER, if necessary. To insert a date that will update to the current date each time you reopen a worksheet or recalculate a formula, type =TODAY() in an empty cell, and then press ENTER.

Need more help?

You can always ask an expert in the Excel Tech Community or get support in the Answers community.

Let’s say you have an organization that makes hundreds of small transactions each day. You have several branches where the junior accountant punches in the numbers and dates into different software. It’s finally the end of the month, and you want to look at where you stand compared to the previous month.

This will require that you draw a gazillion charts, which is rather impossible to do unless you have a list of date-wise transactions. Since different branches may be using different programs, you will either need to import the data into an Excel file or type it in manually—you don’t have to be Einstein to make an instant choice here.

When you import data from databases, Excel may import those dates as text strings. The reason is, like Excel, not all programs store dates as serial numbers. When something is not a serial number, it’s not a date for Excel. This is why we are going to give you the rundown on some nifty formulas and methods that will help you create dates in your Excel worksheets.

How to Identify If Dates are Stored in Text?

When you try to use a certain list of dates with Excel tools like charts or PivotTables, they will fail to recognize data points as dates if they are stored as text. Although, there are several ways to just eyeball and determine if your list of dates are dates or text strings.

•  Alignment

Excel right-aligns dates by default. If your list of dates is leaning on the left wall of the cell, it may make a light bulb go off. Those are not dates, they are text strings.

• Cell Format

The cell will be formatted as a “Date” in the Number Format box in Excel’s Home tab for data points that are recognized as dates by Excel.

• Check the Status Bar

If you select the list of dates, you should see Average, Count, and SUM computed in the status bar, while you will see only Count if your dates are text strings.

3 Ways to Convert Dates Stored as Text

Let’s see some of the ways to convert dates stored as text to a date value that Excel can recognize.

Method 1 – Using DATEVALUE and VALUE Functions

DATEVALUE function is a catalyst that changes a date in text format into a serial number that Excel will identify as a date.

The formula has a single argument where you will input the text string:

=DATEVALUE(A2)

Instead of adding a cell reference, you could also add a text string manually.

If you get a random five-digit number after using the formula, don’t panic. This is not a random number, this is the serial number that Excel recognizes as a date. To view it as a date, navigate to the Number group in Excel’s Home tab and change the cell’s format to Date — this should fix your output.

While DATEVALUE works perfectly well, the VALUE function goes a step further to include time in its return. Excel stores dates as a serial number, and time as a decimal value after that serial number. For example, if the serial number for December 25, 2001, is 37250, then 37250.5 will represent December 25, 2015, 12:00 PM, since 0.5 would mean half a day.

VALUE function’s syntax is similar to that of the DATEVALUE function:

=VALUE(A2)

Notice how the output for the first two rows returns 12:00 AM even though no time has been inserted for those dates under the DATES column. This is because Excel reads this as an integer (naturally, since there is no decimal value), and therefore assumes the time as 12:00 AM, i.e. 0 hours into the returned date.

In the last row, we have entered 15:00 (i.e. 3 PM) as time. Notice how the VALUE function returns a serial number with a decimal value. If you want to manually compute time using this decimal value, just multiply it with 24 (0.625 * 24 = 15).

Method 2 – Using SUBSTITUTE + VALUE/DATEVALUE Function

VALUE function is a catalyst that changes a date in text format into a serial number that Excel will identify as a date.

In our example, we will use the VALUE function, but the formula will work the same way even if you choose to use the DATEVALUE function. The only difference being that the DATEVALUE function will not return the time component if any is present in your cells.

Let’s set up an example: we have a list of dates with a delimiter other than a forward slash (/) or a dash (-). Excel is currently reading the elements of this list as a text string. There are two ways to convert these text strings into a date. We have the following list of dates:

• First, we could use the Replace tool in Excel to replace the delimiter.

• Go to Home > Find & Select > Replace (Shortcut: Ctrl+H).

• In the Find and Replace dialog box, enter a full stop (.) in the Find what text box, and a forward slash (/) in the Replace with text box. Down below, hit the Replace All (i.e. leftmost) button.

However, there is an easier way if you regularly populate your spreadsheet with new data — use a formula.

We know from our previous examples that the VALUE function is capable of converting text strings into a date. There is one caveat, though. Our text strings have a delimiter that keeps Excel from reading them as a date. So, we will need to supply a text string that has delimiters that Excel associates with a valid date.

Here’s the formula we will use:

=VALUE(SUBSTITUTE(A2, ".", "/"))

VALUE function does the same job here. It converts a text string into a date. We have nested a SUBSTITUTE function to deal with the delimiter issue. Had we directly referenced cell A2 inside the VALUE function, it would have returned a #VALUE! error since this text string cannot be recognized as a valid date in Excel.

All we need to do, then, is change the delimiter using the SUBSTITUTE function. Think of the SUBSTITUTE function as a formula for the Find & Replace tool we used in our previous example. It has 3 arguments: the first argument is a cell reference, the second argument is the character we want to replace, and the third argument is the character we want to replace with.

After executing the SUBSTITUTE function, our formula will look like this:

=VALUE("12/25/2001")

This should give us our final output, an Excel-recognizable date — 12/25/2001.

Method 3 – Using Text to Columns tool for Complex Text Strings

Last year, you made a terrible decision of hiring a sloppy manager who didn’t bother to create separate columns for the weekday and date. This has led you to pull your hair while trying to analyze your sales data.

Fret not, we will work together and see this problem through.

The sloppy employee has made entries like so:

Tuesday, December 25, 2001.

To convert these strings to dates, we will use a two-step process. Step 1 involves using an Excel tool called “Text to Columns,” and Step 2 involves using the DATE and MONTH function.

Step 1:

• Select the list of text strings you wish to convert to dates.

• Navigate to the Data Tools group under the Data tab and click on Text to Columns.

• Choose Delimited in the dialog box that opens, and click Next.

• On the next screen, you will choose the delimiters used in your text strings from the list. It is important to note that even space is considered a delimiter. Since our text strings have a space following the commas, we will check both delimiters on the list.
• At the bottom of the dialog box, you will see a preview of how the text strings will be split after you click Next.

You have split the data, but there are still some miscellaneous things you need to run through. On the next screen, you will have the option to exclude any particular column from your output. For example, if the weekdays are irrelevant for you, exclude them by selecting the column (the column will turn black when selected), and choosing Do not import column (skip).

You may feel it is logical to choose Date under the Column data format list for the rest of the columns. However, remember that your text strings have been split into 3 components, and they cannot be recognized by Excel as a date. So, let them be formatted as General for now.

Finally, choose a destination where you want the return to be inserted, and click Finish.

Step 2:

We have our date split into three columns, and all we need to do now is bring them together and hand them over to Excel as a date. Although, there is still one loose end. Our month is a text string, while the DATE function needs a number.

To convert a month’s name to a number, we will nest the MONTH function inside the DATE function’s month argument. However, the MONTH function cannot work with just a text string, it needs a date so it can validly return the month number. We will circle back to this in a moment.

We will use this DATE formula:

=DATE(D2, MONTH(1&B2), C2)

If you are unfamiliar with the DATE function, take a quick tour of our DATE function tutorial.

The first and last arguments are just cell references to numbers that correspond to the year and date, respectively. So, what’s happening with the MONTH function?

Well, here’s what we are instructing the month function: Look at the value in D2 and give me the number from 1 to 12 for that month.

Had we only referenced the cell, the MONTH function could not have recognized the month. To remedy this, we concatenate a 1, which means it is now a date that the MONTH function can work with. 1 is just an arbitrary date, of course. You could have entered any number from 1 to 30/31 and it would still work.

So, we have now supplied the DATE function with all of its 3 arguments. This should give you a list of just the dates without the weekdays, and you can manipulate these dates in your worksheet as you see fit.

How and Why are Dates Stored as Numbers?

We know that Excel stores dates as serial numbers. Naturally, Excel does not just assign any random number to the dates; it follows a pattern. We will talk about this pattern in just a moment, but let’s first look at why Excel does this.

Why

There are several functions in Excel that manipulate the dates in the worksheet, including the DAYS, DATE, WORKDAY, DATEVALUE functions, among many others. These formulas need a standardized format that they can recognize as a date.

Consider that you are using the DAYS function, and have supplied two dates. You enter the end_date and the start_date and Excel computes the number of days to give you the output, i.e. the number of days between these dates.

In absence of serial numbers, Excel would have to use some alternate method to perform this computation. However, since Excel assigns a serial number, all it needs to do is subtract the two serial numbers and the resultant number will the number of days between these dates.

How

It is quite straightforward. Excel assigns ‘1’ to January 1, 1900. It adds 1 for each day from thereon. For example, January 2, 1900, will be assigned ‘2’.

January 1, 2021, is assigned 44197, which means 01/01/2021 occurs 44196 days after January 1, 1900.

This simplifies the computation and manipulation of dates to a great degree.

2 Ways to Convert Dates Stored as Numbers

We have some dates stored in our worksheet, but instead of being stored as dates, those cells have been formatted as General/Text/etc.

There are two ways we can convert these numbers to dates. Both instruct Excel to do the same thing, but in different ways.

Method 1: Format Cells Dialog Box

To convert the list of serial numbers to dates using this method:

1. Select the cells containing the values.
2. Navigate to the Number group under the Home tab in Excel.
3. Select Short Date or Long Date from the dropdown menu. This should convert the numbers to dates. However, if you want a custom format for your dates, continue to the next step.
4. Instead of opening the drop-down menu, click on the little arrow at the bottom-right of the Number group section. This should open up the Format Cells dialog box.
5. Select Date on the list that appears at the left of the dialog box.
6. You will see several date display formats listed in a box titled Type.

This will allow you to use a format of your choosing. However, if your desired format is not listed in the box, follow these steps:

1. Instead of selecting Date from the list, select Custom. You will see several Custom formats listed in the box titled Type.
2. If you want to create a format on your own, use the following codes:

Code	Output
yyyy	Displays a 4-digit year: 1900-9999
yy	Displays a 2-digit year: 00-99
dddd	Displays weekdays: Sunday-Saturday
ddd	Displays 3-letter weekdays: Sun-Sat
dd	Displays the day component of the date, including 0: 01-31
d	Displays the day component of the date, excluding 0: 1-31
mmmmm	Displays the first letter of a month: J-D
mmmm	Displays the full month name: January-December
mmm	Displays the first three letters of a month: Jan-Dec
mm	Displays a number representing the month, including 0: 01-12
m	Displays a number representing the month, excluding 0: 1-12

These codes will also come in handy while applying Method 2. Speaking of which…

Method 2: Using the TEXT Function

This time around, we will use the TEXT function instead of manually formatting the cells.

The formula we will use is:

=TEXT(A2, "mm/dd/yyyy")

The formula does a very simple thing. It looks at cell A2 and applies the format “mm/dd/yyyy” to the text string in that cell.

It is essentially the same as what we did with the Format Cells dialog box, but with a formula. If you want a different format, refer to the table of codes above and adjust your formula accordingly.

How to Convert an 8-digit Date to an Excel-Recognizable Date

This is not a valid 5-digit serial number that Excel can recognize as a date. Therefore, we cannot directly change the cell’s format to convert it into a date. We will need an alternative method that involves parsing the text string and pulling its various components together using several functions to get our final output.

Here is the formula we will use:

=DATE(LEFT(A2, 4), MID(A2, 5, 2), RIGHT(A2, 2))

The DATE function will help us assemble the different components of a date via its year, month, and day arguments. These arguments all have different functions that will relay the information to them.

The LEFT, MID, and RIGHT function pick out the relevant component from the text string and relay that number to the DATE function. In our example, the LEFT function looks inside cell A2 and relays the first 4 characters of the text string contained in cell A2 as a year argument in the DATE function.

You can also use this formula if you have different delimiters in the text string separating the year, month, and day components of the date. All you need to do is adjust the character count in the LEFT, MID, and RIGHT functions.

Fixing Text Dates with Two-Digit Years

Unless you have entered a Custom format for any cell, a date that has a two-digit year will not sit well with Excel. Excel will add a green arrow at the top-left corner of each cell that has a date with a two-digit year.

To tackle this, hover your cursor over the cell. Doing this will bring up a drop-down button at the right of the cell with a yellow sign containing an exclamation mark. This sign tells you that there is an error, and you will see fixes (and other options) for the error in the dropdown menu.

The fixes will include two options, asking your preference regarding turning your dates into one that has a four-digit year. The first option will convert the year component into 19XX, the second will convert it to 20XX.

How to Enable/Disable Two-Digit Error Checking

If you do not see the error warning, you may have disabled error checking. You can enable/disable error checking by navigating to File > Options > Formulas and checking/unchecking the box besides the option that reads Enable background error checking.

You will also see specific Error checking rules down below. To get a warning for two-digit years, make sure you have checked the box besides the option that reads Cells containing years represented as 2 digits.

This takes care of almost all methods of converting text or numbers to date in Excel. Several other formulas could be used as alternative methods since Excel has a giant pool of powerful formulas, but the ones we discussed should help you sail through almost any date-conversion-related issues.

Drill these techniques by practicing them. By the time they become second nature to you, we will have some more formulas for you to explore.

Excel stores date and time values as serial numbers in the back end.

This means that while you may see a date such as “10 January 2020” or “01/10/2020” in a cell, in the back-end, Excel is storing that as a number. This is useful as it also allows users to easily add/subtract date and time in Excel.

In Microsoft Excel for Windows, “01 Jan 1900” is stored as 1, “02 Jan 1900” is stored as 2, and so on.

Below, both columns have the same numbers, but Column A shows numbers and Column B shows the date that’s represented by that number.

This is also the reason that sometimes you may expect a date in a cell but end up seeing a number. I see this happening all the time when I download data from databases or web-based tools.

It happens when the cell format is set to show a number as a number instead of a date.

So how can we convert these serial numbers into dates?

That’s what this tutorial is all about.

In this tutorial, I would show you two really easy ways to convert serial numbers into dates in Excel

Note: Excel for Windows uses the 1900 date system (which means that 1 would represent 01 Jan 1900, while Excel for Mac uses the 1904 date system (which men’s that 1 would represent 01 Jan 1904 in Excel in Mac)

So let’s get started!

Convert Serial Numbers to Dates Using Number Formatting

The easiest way to convert a date serial number into a date is by changing the formatting of the cells that have these numbers.

You can find some of the commonly used date formats in the Home tab in the ribbon

Let me show you how to do this.

Using the In-Built Date Format Options in the Ribbon

Suppose you have a data set as shown below, and you want to convert all these numbers in column A into the corresponding date that it represents.

Below are the steps to do this:

1. Select the cells that have the number that you want to convert into a date
2. Click the ‘Home’ tab
3. In the ‘Number’ group, click on the Number Formatting drop-down
4. In the drop-down, select ‘Long Date’ or Short Date’ option (based on what format would you want these numbers to be in)

That’s it!

The above steps would convert the numbers into the selected date format.

The above steps have not changed the value in the cell, only the way it’s being displayed.

Note that Excel picks up the short date formatting based on your system’s regional setting. For example, if you’re in the US, then the date format would be MM/DD/YYYY, and if you are in the UK, then the date format would be DD/MM/YYYY.

While this is a quick method to convert serial numbers into dates, it has a couple of limitations:

• There are only two date formats – short date and long date (and that too in a specific format). So, if you want to only get the month and the year and not the day, you won’t be able to do that using these options.
• You cannot show date as well as time using the formatting options in the drop-down. You can either choose to display the date or the time but not both.

So, if you need more flexibility in the way you want to show dates in Excel, you need to use the Custom Number Formatting option (covered next in this tutorial).

Sometimes when you convert a number into a date in Excel, instead of the date you may see some hash signs (something like #####). this happens when the column width is not enough to accommodate the entire date. In such a case, just increase the width of the column.

Creating a Custom Date Format Using Number Formatting Dialog Box

Suppose you have a data set as shown below and you want to convert the serial numbers in column A into dates in the following format – 01.01.2020

Note that this option is not available by default in the ribbon method that we covered earlier.

Below are the steps to do this:

1. Select the cells that have the number that you want to convert into a date
2. Click the ‘Home’ tab
3. In the Numbers group, click on the dialog box launcher icon (it’s a small tilted arrow at the bottom right of the group)
4. In the ‘Format Cells’ dialog box that opens up, make sure the ‘Number’ tab selected
5. In the ‘Category’ options on the left, select ‘Date’
6. Select the desired formatting from the ‘Type’ box.
7. Click OK

The above steps would convert the numbers into the selected date format.

As you can see, there are more date formatting options in this case (as compared with the short and long date we got with the ribbon).

And in case you do not find the format you are looking for, you can also create your own date format.

For example, let’s say that I want to show the date in the following format – 01/01/2020 (which is not already an option in the format cells dialog box).

Here is how I can do this:

1. Select the cells that have the numbers that you want to convert into a date
2. Click the Home tab
3. In the Numbers group, click on the dialog box launcher icon (it’s a small tilt arrow at the bottom right of the group)
4. In the ‘Format Cells’ dialog box that opens up, make sure the ‘Number’ tab selected
5. In the ‘Category’ options on the left, select ‘Custom’
6. In the field on the right, enter

   mm/dd/yyyy

   

7. Click OK

The above steps would change all the numbers into the specified number format.

With custom format, you get full control and it allows you to show the date in whatever format you want. You can also create a format where it shows the date as well time in the same cell.

For example, in the same example, if you want to show date as well as time, you can use the below format:

mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm AM/PM

Below is the table that shows the date format codes you can use:

Date Formatting Code	How it Formats the Date
m	Shows the Month as a number from 1–12
mm	Show the months as two-digit numbers from 01–12
mmm	Shows the Month as three-letter as in Jan–Dec
mmmm	Shows the Months full name as in January–December
mmmmm	Shows the Month name first alphabet as in J-D
d	Shows Days as 1–31
dd	Shows Days as 01–31
ddd	Shows Days as Sun–Sat
dddd	Shows Days as Sunday–Saturday
yy	Shows Years as 00–99
yyyy	Shows Years as 1900–9999

Also read: How to Convert Text to Date in Excel (Easy Formulas)

Convert Serial Numbers to Dates Using TEXT Formula

The methods covered above work by changing the formatting of the cells that have the numbers.

But in some cases, you may not be able to use these methods.

For example, below I have a data set where the numbers have a leading apostrophe – which converts these numbers into text.

If you try and using the inbuilt options to change the formatting of the cells with this data set, it would not do anything. This is because Excel does not consider these as numbers, and since dates for numbers, Excel refuses your wish to format these.

In such a case, you can either convert these text to numbers and then use the above-covered formatting methods, or use another technique to convert serial numbers into dates – using the TEXT function.

The TEXT function takes two arguments – the number that needs to be formatted, and the format code.

Suppose you have a data set as shown below, and you want to convert all the numbers and column A into dates.

Below the formula that could do that:

=TEXT(A2,"MM/DD/YYYY")

Note that in the formula I have specified the date formatting to be in the MM/DD/YYYY format. If you need to use any other formatting, you can specify the code for it as the second argument of the TEXT formula.

You can also use this formula to show the date as well as the time.

For example, if you want the final result to be in the format – 01/01/2020 12:00 AM, use the below formula:

=TEXT(A2,"mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm AM/PM")

In the above formula, I have added the time format as well so if there are decimal parts in the numbers, it would be shown as the time in hours and minutes.

If you only want the date (and not the underlying formula), convert the formulas into static values by using paste special.

One big advantage of using the TEXT function to convert serial numbers into dates is that you can combine the TEXT formula result with other formulas. For example, you can combine the resulting date with the text and show something such as – The Due Date is 01-Jan-2020 or The Deadline is 01-Jan-2020

Note: Remember dates and time are stored as numbers, where every integer number would represent one full day and the decimal part would represent that much part of the day. So 1 would mean 1 full day and  0.5 would mean half-a-day or 12 hours.

So these are two simple ways you can use to convert serial numbers to dates in Microsoft Excel.

I hope you found this tutorial useful!

Other Excel tutorials you may like:

• How to SUM values between two dates (using SUMIFS formula)
• How to Stop Excel from Changing Numbers to Dates Automatically
• How to Remove Time from Date/Timestamp in Excel
• Calculate the Number of Months Between Two Dates in Excel
• Excel DATEVALUE Function – Convert Date in Text into Serial Date Formats
• How to Convert Numbers to Text in Excel
• How to Compare Dates in Excel (Greater/Less Than, Mismatches)
• Convert Scientific Notation to Number or Text in Excel
• How To Convert Date To Serial Number In Excel?

How to Change Excel Date Format?

Excel date format related function are grouped in Menu-> Formula -> Date & Time Option.

Using this, we can get today’s date & time, calculate time differences, format date & time as per our needs. Lets start to learn some basics with Date and Time formula that are available within Excel under these titles.

1. Get Excel VBA Today Date Functions.
2. Excel Convert Number to Date
3. Excel VBA Date Format conversion
4. Excel Date Format Formula

1. Excel VBA Date Today

To get Excel today’s date use one of the following formula in any worksheet.

• “=Today()” : will fetch current date from System clock and display in the cell.
• “=Now()”: This command will fetch the date along with time from the system clock.

VBA Format Date Time

• VBA.Date : To get Excel VBA date today
• VBA.Now : To get VBA date & current tim

Sample Output from =Now() formula. ‘3/4/2014 15:02’. With “=Today()” command, only date will be displayed without time.

This function is explained here, as we need a sample Today’s date in Excel to test the methods explained under this article.

2. Excel Convert Number to Date or Date to String

Choose the cell that has data & use the Excel date format conversion as explained below.

1. Select Excel cell that has Date.
2. Right Click & choose “Format Cells” (short cut – ‘CTRL + 1’).
3. Choose ‘Number’ tab.
4. Click ‘Custom’ under ‘Category’ list.
5. Enter required format under ‘Type’ or choose a format in any of the defined types.
6. Click ‘Ok’ to complete date formatting changes.

The selected cell will reflect the date format changes and display in the chosen format. This is not only for date, any number can be customized to a desired format using this option.

Remember that it does not change the way Excel stores the data. This formatting changes only the display format.

3. Excel VBA Date Format

Use VBA date format codes explained in the below sample code inside your Excel macro.

In these sample, there are 4 different methods explained and it only converts the display of Excel VBA date format, not the actual data. It can be considered as converting number to date or string to date, only the visible mode.

Sub Excel_VBA_Date_Format()
    'Display Date Format in Selection  - Jul/21/2016
    Selection.NumberFormat = "mmm/d/yyyy"
    
    'Display Date Format in Cell Reference  - Thursday, July 21, 2016
    ThisWorkbook.Sheets(1).Cells(1, 12).NumberFormat = "[$-409]dddd, mmmm dd, yyyy"
    
    'Display Date Format using WorksheetFunction  - Thursday, July 21, 2016
    ThisWorkbook.Sheets(2).Cells(2, 12) = Application.WorksheetFunction.Text(42572, "dddd mmmm-dd-yyyy")
    
    'Display Date Format using WorksheetFunction inside Cell - Thursday, July 21, 2016
    ThisWorkbook.Sheets(2).Cells(3, 12) = "=TEXT(42573,""mmmm/dd/yyyy"")"
End Sub

Enter different date formats in a new Excel workbook & try the above code to learn how each line make date format conversions.

4. Excel Date Format Formula

Consider the sample date & time value we got from above formulas to explore the available functions. To change this format from numeric date to text with month name like “04-Mar-14”. Then use this Excel Date format formula

• =TEXT(TODAY(),”dd-mmm-yyyy”) or
• =TEXT(NOW(),”dd-mmm-yyyy”)

To know other possible parameters or conversions that can be done using this formula, refer to the Wiki page mentioned at end of this article.

Excel Convert Number To Date – How Date is Stored in Excel?

It is enough to convert any date that is not in proper format to readable format with this “TEXT” function.

Before we convert any date, lets understand bit of basic behind how Excel stores the date in Worksheets. To do this, copy the output of Today(), Select another empty cell, right click, Paste Special, Choose Values and click ok. You could see some junk value or some random number.

What is it? It is the number of days from 1^st January 1900 till date.

Excel will convert the dates entered into a number that equals number of days from 1-jan-1900. Excel uses this number in most of its Date calculations. To convert this back to a date, change the format of cells and choose date.

To know the date, month or year from this Date Serial number use the formula Date(), Month() or Year(). Similar to the Date, Time is also converted to a decimal.

Additional Reference

http://office.microsoft.com/en-in/excel-help/date-and-time-functions-reference-HP010342402.aspx

When you bring in data from other sources, it is not uncommon to get the dates in the form of serial numbers, like 42088.

Moreover, Excel inherently stores dates in the form of integers and then formats it according to the required date settings.

So when you apply certain formulas to dates or when you format a cell in the Number format, you often end up getting a serial number.

Although this form of storing dates seems unintuitive, it makes sense because it’s easier for Excel to perform various calculations with dates when in integer form.

Since it’s difficult for us humans to understand this date format though, it becomes necessary to convert these serial numbers to a recognizable date format.

In this tutorial, we will see three ways to convert a serial number to date format in Excel.

Understanding the Concept of Serial Numbers

Excel stores date in the form of integers or serial numbers. The serial starts from January 1, 1900, and increases by 1 for each day since then. That means January 1, 1900, has the serial 1, the next day has the serial 2, and so on.

In this way, the serial for June 1, 2019, is 43617, because it is exactly 43,617 days after January 1, 1900.

Throughout this tutorial, we are going to use the following set of date serial numbers.

We will use the above three methods to convert these serial numbers to dates in different formats.

Method 1: Converting Serial Number to Date using the TEXT function

The TEXT function in Excel converts any numeric value (like date, time, and currency) into text with the given format. We can use this function to convert our serial number to any date format.

Here’s the syntax for the TEXT function:

= TEXT (serial_number, date_format_code)

In this function,

• serial_number is the numeric value or reference to the cell that you want to convert.
• date_format_code is the date format you want to convert the serial number to.

The TEXT function essentially applies the date_format_code that you specified on the provided serial_number and returns a text string with that format. For example, if you have the serial number “43141” in cell A2, then =TEXT(A2,”dd/mm/yy”) will return “10/02/18”

The format code will depend on the format that you want your converted date to appear. Here are some basic building blocks for the format codes that you can use:

Format Codes for Day of the Month:

You can use the following basic format codes to represent day values:

• d – one or two-digit representation of the day (eg: 3 or 30)
• dd – two-digit representation of the day (eg: 03 or 30)
• ddd – the day of the week in abbreviated form (eg: Sun, Mon)
• dddd – full name of the day of the week (eg: Sunday, Monday)

So,

• if you apply =TEXT(A2, “d”) to the sample dataset, it will return “10”.
•  if you apply =TEXT(A2, “dd”), then it will return “10”.
• if you apply =TEXT(A2, “ddd”) to the sample dataset, it will return “Sat”.
• if you apply =TEXT(A2, “dddd”), then it will return “Saturday”.

Format Codes for Year:

You can use the following basic format codes to represent year values:

• yy – two-digit representation of year (e.g. 20 or 12)
• yyyy – four-digit representation of year (e.g. 2020 or 2012)

So,

• if you apply =TEXT(A2, “yy”) to the sample dataset, it will return “18”.
• if you apply =TEXT(A2, “yyyy”), then it will return “2018”.

Format Codes for Month of the Year:

You can use the following basic format codes to represent month values:

• m – one or two-digit representation of the month (eg; 8 or 12)
• mm – two-digit representation of the month (eg; 08 or 12)
• mmm – month abbreviated in three letters (eg: Aug or Dec)
• mmmm – month expressed with the full name (eg: August or December)

So,

• if you apply =TEXT(A2, “m”) to the sample dataset, it will return “2”.
• if you apply =TEXT(A2, “mm”), then it will return “02”.
• if you apply =TEXT(A2, “mmm”), then it will return “Feb”.
• if you apply =TEXT(A2, “mmmm”), then it will return “February”.

Let us see how we can apply the TEXT function to our sample dataset to convert all the serial numbers to different date formats.

We will first see how to convert the serial numbers in column A to the format shown in column B in the image below:

Below are the steps to do this:

1. Click on a blank cell where you want the converted date to be displayed (B2)
2. Type the formula:

   =TEXT(A2,”mm/dd/yy”).

3. Press the Return key.
4. This should display the serial number in our required date format. Copy this to the rest of the cells in the column by dragging down the fill handle or double-clicking on it.
5. Copy this column’s formula results by pressing CTRL+C or Cmd+C (if you’re on a Mac).
6. Right-click on the column and form the popup menu that appears, press Paste Values from the Paste Options.
7. This will store the formula results as permanent values in the same column. Now you can go ahead and remove column A if you want to.

The result you get in column B will differ according to the format code you used in step 2. Here are some format codes along with the type of result you will get when applied to cell A2:

Function	Result
=TEXT(A2, “dd/mm/yy”)	02/10/18
=TEXT(A2, “mm-dd-yy”)	02-10-18
TEXT(A2,”dddd, mmmm d, yyyy”)”)	Saturday, February 10, 2018

This means you can use the TEXT function to convert serial numbers to any date format of your choice. All you need to do is change the format_code according to your requirement.

Note: Using this formula, your converted date is in text format. If you want to convert it to date format, you need to use the Format Cells feature.

Also read: How To Combine Date and Time in Excel (3 Easy Ways)

Method 2: Converting Serial Number to Date using Format Cells

This method makes use of Excel’s FormatCells dialog box. The Format Cells dialog box is very versatile and lets you perform different kinds of formatting from one place.

You can use Format Cells to convert the serial numbers in our sample dataset into dates as follows:

1. Select all the cells containing the serial numbers that you want to convert (A2:A6).
2. Right-click on your selection and select Format Cells from the popup menu that appears. Alternatively, you can select the dialog box launcher in the Number group under the Home tab.
3. This will open the Format Cells dialog box. Click on the Number tab
4. Under Category on the left side of the box, select the Date option.
5. This will display a number of formatting options for the date on the right side.
6. Select the format that you want.
7. If you don’t find an option for the format you want to use, then you can use the Custom option from the Category list on the left. This lets you convert the cell to a custom date format.
8. Check if your required date format is available among the format codes under Type. If not, you can type in your format code in the input box just below Type.
9. Click OK to close the Format Cells dialog box.

All your selected cells should now be converted to date with your required format.

Note that these cells do not have the little green triangles at the top left corners. This is because these cells are of type date, and not text. So, you can perform any kind of date operations on them.

Also read: How to Add Minutes to Time in Excel?

Method 3: Converting Serial Number to date using VBA

If you’re comfortable with coding or using VBA, then you can use this method to quickly get all your serial numbers converted to date in one go.

Here’s the VBA code. You can copy and save this code somewhere for future use:

Sub convert_serial_num_to_date()
Dim rng As Range
Dim cell As Range
Set rng = Application.Selection
For Each cell In rng
cell.Offset(0, 1).Value = CDate(cell.Value)
Next cell
End Sub

Here are the steps you need to follow if you want to apply the above code to your dataset:

1. From the Developer Menu Ribbon, select Visual Basic.
2. Once your VBA window opens, Click Insert->Module. Now you can start coding. Type or copy-paste the above lines of code into the module window. Your code is now ready to run.
3. Go to your worksheet and select the range of cells containing the serial numbers you want to convert. Make sure the column next to it is blank because this is where the code will display the results.
4. Navigate to Developer->Macros-> convert_serial_num_to_date->Run.

You will now see the serial numbers converted to dates in the column next to your selection.

If you want to, you can now delete the original column containing the serial numbers.

In this tutorial, we saw three simple ways in which you can convert date serial numbers to actual dates in Excel. These included the use of the TEXT function, the Format Cells feature, and the VBA script.

Using the TEXT function usually results in cells that are of the text format so it requires subsequent conversion of these cells to the date format.

Using Format Cells, however, you can apply the operation directly on the original cells and the results you get are of the date type. So, you can directly start applying the cells to date-related operations. T

The VBA script that we provided in this tutorial used CDate() to quickly convert the serial number to its date equivalent. Moreover, the script results in cells that are of type date.

So again, it’s easier to use these results in subsequent date operations.

We hope you found the pointers we provided in this tutorial helpful and easy to apply.

Other Excel tutorials you may like:

• How to Convert Date to Month and Year in Excel
• How to Convert Decimal to Fraction in Excel
• How to Convert Radians to Degrees in Excel
• How to Add Days to a Date in Excel
• How to Sort by Date in Excel (Single Column & Multiple Columns)
• How to Convert Date to Day of Week in Excel
• How to Convert Month Number to Month Name in Excel
• Find Last Monday of the Month Date in Excel
• How to Change Date and Time to Date in Excel