Contrast word in english

Many words connect sentences, clauses, and phrases. But only contrast linking words can express two different ideas. The previous sentence uses the linking word of contrast but two connect it with the first sentence.

Learn the different linking words of contrast in the article and how to use them in sentences. I’ll show you how to position them in sentences and whether to use a comma.

What Are Contrast Words?

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Linking words for contrast or contrast words are words that show contrasting ideas. These English linking words connect two statements that are different from each other. For instance, one may be a positive idea, while another is a negative idea.

Here’s a list of contrast words in English.

  • Although
  • Even though
  • Though
  • Yet
  • However
  • Despite
  • But
  • Despite
  • In spite of
  • While
  • On the other hand

How to Use Contrast Words in a Sentence

Let’s look at the different contrast words and how to use them in sentences.

But/However

However is a sentence starter that shows a contrast between two separate sentences. Place the contrast word at the start of the second sentence, the end, and after the subject. Below are some examples of sentences.

  • I love this city. However, the roads are too narrow.
  • I love this city. The roads, however, are too narrow.
  • I love this city. The roads are narrow, however.

But is more informal than however. Don’t put a comma after it; instead, put a comma before it when it’s used to connect two independent clauses. For example:

  • I love this city. But the words are too narrow.
  • I love this city, but the roads are too narrow.

Although/Even Though

While however doesn’t connect two clauses, we use although and even though at the beginning of a complete sentence with subject and verb. You can also use them in the middle of a sentence. Here are some examples.

  • Although the book was long, I enjoyed reading it the entire weekend.
  • I enjoyed reading the book the entire weekend, although it was long.

Though

Though is a looking word found between two phrases. It means despite this or but in the English language. For example:

  • I feel down today. I’m still attending the event, though.
  • She will be my professor this semester, though I don’t know which subject.

Yet

Use the linker yet when expressing an idea that is surprising because it contradicts what has been mentioned earlier. For example:

  • I helped her, yet she betrayed me.
  • He’s already 94 years old, yet somehow, he is still fit and healthy.

Despite/In Spite Of

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These linking words of contrast are used to contrast ideas. We can also place a noun phrase or an -ing form of the verb after them. For example:

  • Despite her suggestions, Mike still played by his own rules.
  • In spite of being the top artist in the country, she still feels lonely.

Despite the Fact That/In Spite of the Fact That

Statements like despite the fact that and in spite of the fact that are similar to despite and in spite. But these phrases have a subject and verb after them. For example:

  • I enjoyed the party despite the fact that we arrived late.
  • He was grateful in spite of the fact that he lost the competition.

While/Whereas/Unlike

While, whereas, and unlike show two things that differ. Use whereas and while with two complete clauses and unlike with a noun. Consider these sentences.

  • Joan is happy, while John is excited.
  • Whereas Kat looks excited in this photo, Sheila seems upset.
  • Unlike Michael, Miguel excels in performing arts.

On the Other Hand

The contrast linking word on the other hand compares two different ways, facts, or ideas of the same situation. Here are some examples.

  • On one hand, I want to be an engineer. But on the other hand, I also like my current education degree.
  • I enjoy jazz music, but on the other hand, my friend loves rock music.

Practice Using Contrast Linking Words

Contrast linking words join contradicting ideas, whether they’re clauses, sentences, or phrases. These words may have similar uses but different meanings and placements in sentences.

Some contrast words like although and however can be at the beginning of a sentence. Meanwhile, on the other hand, although, and other words can be in the middle of a sentence.

GRAMMARIST WORKSHEET 2022 11 13T222133.510

Слова-связки, которые используются для противопоставления:

despite/in spite of – несмотря на

  • Be careful how use these words:

Despite/in spite of + ing-form

Despite being tired, I carried on working. — Несмотря на усталость, я продолжила работать.

Despite/in spite of + noun (существительное)

We carried on playing despite the rain.

despite_the_rain

But: despite/in spite of + noun + verb

although/even though – хотя

although/even though + noun + verb

Although he was tired, he carried on working.

although/even though + ing-form

Although being extremely wealthy, he lived modestly. — Несмотря на баснословное богатство, он жил очень скромно.

being_extremely_wealthy

while/whereas – в то время как

While my brother is a rocket scientist, I’m hopeless at maths.

Some people work better to music while others do not.

My friends would rather go on on a beach holidays whereas I like going camping.

beach_holidays

going_camping

In contrast ~ в отличие от этого, в то же время (used when you are comparing two things or people and saying that the second one is very different from the first)

Our life in the country was very quiet. In contrast, here, in the city, my lifestyle is hectic.

However – однако (used to introduce a statement that contrasts with something that has just been said)

It was late, and we were getting tired. However, we were not going to give up.

I do understand your point of view. I’m totally against your plan, however.

  • Be careful! We need to use commas with “however”.

Слово “however” всегда выделяется запятыми.

however

But vs However

We prefer to use “but” within one sentence. We usually use “however” when we have two sentences.

I like rock-music, but I don’t like rap.

I’m into rock-music. However, rap isn’t to my liking.

Choose the right option:

Введите ваше имя:*

Необходимо указать текст.

Похожие записи:

Linking Words in English: Contrast

Linking words to help you contrast things in English

Image source: FreeDigitalPhotos.net

But / However

But is more informal than however. You can use however at the beginning of a sentence, but you can’t use but at the beginning of a sentence (in written English).

  • I tried to lift the box, but it was too heavy for me.
  • I tried to lift the box. However, it was too heavy for me.

Although / Even though

These linking words are the same, and they are both followed by a subject + verb.

  • Although I exercise every day, I can’t seem to lose any weight.
  • She still loves him, even though he treated her very badly.

Despite / In spite of

These linking words are the same, and they are followed by a noun or a gerund (-ing form of the verb, which can function as a noun).

  • Our plane arrived on time in spite of the delay during takeoff.
  • We won the game despite having two fewer players.

Despite the fact that / in spite of the fact that

These phrases are followed by a subject + verb.

  • Our plane arrived on time in spite of the fact that it left 30 minutes late.
  • We won the game despite the fact that we had two fewer players.

While / Whereas / Unlike

These linking words are used to make contrasts. While and whereas are usually used between two complete phrases. Unlike is typically used with only a subject.

  • I like tennis, while my brother prefers bowling.
  • This cell phone plan costs $0.05 per minute, whereas that one gives you up to 800 minutes per month for a fixed price.
  • His boss allows him to work from home, unlike mine.
  • She’s very friendly, unlike her sister.

Linking Words Quiz: Contrasting Ideas

Choose the best linking word for each sentence. Good luck!

Congratulations — you have completed Linking Words Quiz: Contrasting Ideas.
You scored %%SCORE%% out of %%TOTAL%%.
Your performance has been rated as %%RATING%%

Your answers are highlighted below.

Contrast Transition Words! In this lesson, you will learn a list of useful contrast transition words in English. They have been chosen especially for ESL Learners.

List of contrast words in English

  • On the contrary
  • Yet
  • But
  • On the one hand
  • Still
  • In comparison
  • While
  • On the other hand
  • Rather
  • Nor
  • Conversely
  • At the same time
  • However
  • Nevertheless
  • Despite
  • Though
  • Otherwise
  • By contrast
  • Instead
  • Whereas
  • Unlike
  • Although
  • In contrast
  • Notwithstanding
  • In spite of
  • Alternatively
  • Despite this
  • Because of
  • In contrast to
  • Even so
  • Even though

Contrast Transition Words with Examples

  • On the contrary

It wasn’t a good thing; on the contrary it was a huge mistake.

  • Yet

The tongue is not steel, yet it cuts.

  • But

It’s easy to fall into a trap, but hard to get out again.

  • On the one hand

On the one hand, a message of change was needed in order to win new voters.

  • Still

Although I poured it carefully, I still managed to spill some.

  • In comparison

In comparison, the female is stronger and more energetic than the male.

  • While

Success has many fathers, while failure is an orphan.

  • On the other hand

I want to go to the party, but on the other hand I ought to be studying.

  • Rather

Fairness, rather than efficiency, is the guiding principle.

  • Conversely

Conversely, you might say that it is ridiculous.

  • At the same time

I had mixed feelings about leaving home. I was excited but at the same time, I knew I would miss my family.

  • However

This is a cheap and simple process. However there are dangers.

  • Nevertheless

He was very tired; nevertheless he went on walking.

  • Despite

Despite the bad weather, we enjoyed ourselves.

  • Though

Wisdom is a good purchase though we pay dear for it.

  • Otherwise

Shut the window, otherwise it’ll get too cold in here.

  • By contrast

By contrast, he was much cleverer.

  • Instead

He is too busy, let me go instead.

  • Whereas

Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.

  • Unlike

She was a small, dainty child, unlike her sister who was large and had big feet.

  • Although

Although the world is full of suffering, it is full also of the overcoming of it.

  • In contrast

In contrast, the lives of girls in well-to-do families were often very sheltered.

  • Notwithstanding

He still went home, notwithstanding the midnight

  • In spite of

In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends.

  • Alternatively

Alternatively, manufacturers have recently produced a colour changer.

  • Because of

Because of the fire, hundreds of houses went up in smoke.

  • In contrast to

In contrast to her sister, she is very tall.

  • Even so

There are a lot of spelling mistakes; even so, it’s quite a good essay.

  • Even though

She hasn’t phoned, even though she said she would.

Contrast Words | Infographic

List of 30+ Useful Contrast Transition Words for Writing Essay

(Download this explanation in PDF here.)
Read about linking words of reason (because, since, due to …) here.

We use linking words to join ideas together when we’re talking or writing. Sometimes we want to link two ideas that are different from each other (for example, one is a positive idea and one is a negative idea) or we want to link one idea to another one which is surprising or unexpected. We can use linking words like ‘however’, ‘although’ and ‘despite’ to do this.

Although
We can use ‘although’ at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. It is used in front of a clause (a clause has at least a subject and a verb that agrees with the subject).

  • Although the weather is bad, I love London.
  • I love London, although the weather is bad.

Despite / in spite of
We use ‘despite’ or ‘in spite of’ before a noun or a gerund. It can also go in the middle or at the beginning of a sentence. ‘Despite’ and ‘in spite of’ mean exactly the same thing. You can choose whichever one you like! If you want to use ‘despite’ or ‘in spite of’ before a clause, you need to add ‘the fact that’.

  • I love London despite the bad weather.
  • I love London in spite of the bad weather.
  • Despite the bad weather, I love London.
  • In spite of the bad weather, I love London.
  • Despite the fact that the weather is bad, I love London.
  • In spite of the fact that the weather is bad, I love London.
  • I love London despite the fact that the weather is bad.
  • I love London in spite of the fact that the weather is bad.

However
We use ‘although’ and ‘despite / in spite of’ to connect two clauses in the same sentence. On the other hand, ‘however’ isn’t used to connect two clauses. Instead, we usually put the two ideas in two separate sentences. We put ‘however’ in the second sentence, and we can put it at the beginning, at the end, or after the subject.

  • I love London. However, the weather is bad.
  • I love London. The weather, however, is bad.
  • I love London. The weather is bad, however.

Try an exercise about these words here.

Contrast Connectors in English - wordscoach.com

Connectors: A connector is a device that joins two pieces of equipment, wire, or piping together.

What are the different types of connectors?

  1. Sequence Connectors
  2. Addition Connectors
  3. Cause & Effect Connectors
  4. Contrast Connectors
  5. Emphasis Connectors
  6. Comparison Connectors

Contrast Connectors

Contrast connectors are used to present a contradiction between ideas. This is where connectors such as however, although, nevertheless, and in spite of being used.

Example: I think his idea is great. Nonetheless, it’s too expensive.

Contrast Connector List

But However
On the other hand At the same time
Otherwise Unlike
Conversely In spite of
Whereas While
Yet Apart from
Nevertheless On the contrary
Even so Notwithstanding
Though Alternatively
Instead Nonetheless
By contrast In contrast
Although  Even though
 Despite / In spite of

Contrast Connectors with Examples

However: It is used to indicate a contrast or contradiction.

Examples:

  • That man has much money. However, he isn’t happy at all.
  • I respect my best friend’s ideas however we do not have the same thoughts.

On the other hand: It is used to say something that is different from the first thing mentioned.

Examples:

  • I like playing football. On the other hand, my brother likes playing basketball.
  • We had no money but, on the other hand, we were very happy.

Even so: It is used to indicate something that is unusual or extreme.

Examples:

  • This hypothesis is true, but even so, further research is required.
  • Your thoughts are very fanciful, but even so, they are worth to imagine.

Though: It is used to show that two ideas are opposing one another.

Examples:

  • Though the meal was spicy, it was really delicious.
  • Though he loves his teacher very much, he did not get used to his friends.

At the same time: It is used for two things which happen together.

Examples:

  • This is so people can watch TV and play playstation games at the same time.
  • I study architecture at university. At the same time, I work part-time at a firm.

Instead: It means in place of something or someone else.

Examples:

  • Would you like to go to another place instead of cinema?
  • Instead of complaining, you should try to be a constructivist.

Conversely: It is used to express an idea that is different from or opposite the other idea mentioned before.

Examples:

  • I thought she would not come to the party; conversely, she came to the party with her boy friend.
  • His family made a lot of effort to make their son’s lessons better, conversely, he never made any effort.

In contrast: It is used to compare two things or people and to say that the second one is very different from the first one.

Examples:

  • This child is short and fat. In contrast, her sister is tall and thin.
  • In contrast to his big brother, he speaks English very well.

Yet: It is used to add something that is surprising after the first sentence which are mentioned before.

Examples:

  • It’s a long-term business, yet it’s more fun than other jobs.
  • That woman was short and overweight, yet somehow, she was attractive.

Whereas: It is used for comparing two things which have significant differences from each other.

Examples:

  • Chicken meat is white, whereas cow meat is red.
  • Her hair has a natural wave, whereas her sister’s hair just straight.

Even though: It is used as a stronger way to say “though” or “although”.

Examples:

  • Even though I met all the criteria needed for the job, I was not hired.
  • My father will go to the work, even though he has two painful operations.

Nevertheles: It is used to say something which contrasts with what has just been said.

Examples:

  • The place was so beautiful; nevertheless, we did not want to spend our holiday in here.
  • They lost the game; nevertheless, they continued to play.

Notwithstanding: It means despite the thing mentioned.

Examples:

  • He continues to exhibit the same behaviors, our warnings notwithstanding.
  • Notwithstandig two players getting red card, the team won the game.

Alternatively: It is used to propose another possibility.

Examples:

  • You can play football. Alternatively, you can go to the cinema with me.
  • I think we can go far away for vacation, or alternatively, we can go where we went last year.

Nonetheless: It is used to link two contradictory thoughts.

Examples:

  • She did not like teaching, but she became a teacher nonetheless.
  • The food was unsalted,but it was nonetheless delicious.

But: It is used to add statement which is different from what you have said before.

Examples:

  • I know the answer to the problem, but I do not know why it is.
  • They heard us but they did not understand what we said.

While: throughout the time

Examples:

  • While you were pregnant, my little girl was one year old.
  • While John was in London, he went to see Jully.

Although: It is used for introducing a new statement that makes main statement surprising.

Examples:

  • Although she loves her job, she decided to quit her job.
  • Although he works hard, he is not successful in the course.

Read More.

Contrast Connector List - wordscoach.com

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Нам бывает непросто выразить свои мысли лаконично и связно, когда мы общаемся на английском, пишем электронные письма по работе, отправляем сообщения иностранным друзьям. Сегодня расскажем, какие связующие выражения и вводные слова можно использовать, чтобы сделать вашу речь красивой, понятной и логичной.

Слова-связки в английском языке

Что такое linking words

Для начала нужно разобраться, что такое linking words и зачем их нужно знать.

Linking words — это связующие элементы, которые употребляют для логического перехода от одной мысли к другой. Они сделают вашу речь или письмо понятнее для англоговорящего читателя и обеспечат более высокий балл при сдаче любого экзамена. По-другому их называют discourse markers — маркеры беседы, связующие обороты речи.

Linking words могут быть выражены отдельными словами (например, however) или фразами (например, as a result), относиться к разным частям речи и употребляться в разных частях предложения.

Часть речи Слова-связки Место в предложении Пример
Союз Like, because, although В большинстве случаев ставятся в середине предложения, но могут быть и в начале, например although. Although shopping online is quite cheap, delivery periods can be very long. — Несмотря на то, что покупать онлайн довольно дешево, сроки доставки могут быть очень долгими.
Предлог Due to, despite the fact that, because Ставятся перед существительными. Young professionals are moving abroad because of low salaries in their native country. — Молодые специалисты переезжают за границу из-за низких зарплат в их родной стране.
Наречие Therefore, indeed Ставятся в начале предложения, выделяются запятыми. The deadlines of the project are close. Therefore, we need to begin the launch of our product. — Сроки завершения проекта поджимают. Поэтому нам нужно запускать наш продукт.

Linking words можно разделить на множество групп в зависимости от их функции (противопоставление, добавление новой информации, введение, заключение и т. д.). Давайте разберем каждую группу отдельно.

1. Purpose — цель написания

Эта группа наиболее важная, ведь в любой письменной работе мы указываем цель ее написания. Эссе, письмо другу или e-mail по работе — в большинстве случаев мы начинаем с объяснения, зачем мы пишем тот или иной текст. Например:

  • in order to do smth, so as to do smth — чтобы сделать что-то;
  • so that — чтобы;
  • to that/this end — с этой целью.

I am writing to you so as to confirm my participation at the conference. — Я пишу вам, чтобы подтвердить свое участие в конференции.
I would like to confirm my participation at the conference so that there is no misunderstanding. — Я бы хотел подтвердить свое участие в конференции, чтобы не было недопонимания.
Zoologists are seeking to understand how animals communicate with each other. To that end, a new study has been launched. — Зоологи пытаются понять, как животные общаются друг с другом. С этой целью было начато новое исследование.

Хотите как можно скорее заговорить на английском? Тогда записывайтесь на бесплатный пробный урок.

2. Opinion and emphasizing — выражать мнение и акцентировать внимание

Это также одна из наиболее полезных групп linking words, так как во многих письменных заданиях необходимо выразить свое мнение по поводу той или иной идеи. Наиболее употребляемая фраза — in my opinion (по моему мнению). Как же можно заменить это выражение?

  • in my view, to my mind, to my way of thinking — на мой взгляд, по моему мнению;
  • personally, I believe that — лично я думаю, что;
  • I feel strongly that — я глубоко убежден, что;
  • I am inclined to believe that — я склонен полагать, что;
  • it strikes me that, it seems to me that — мне кажется, что;
  • as far as I am concerned — насколько мне известно.

To my way of thinking, in any occupation talent is more important than skills. — На мой взгляд, в любой профессии талант важнее умений.
I am inclined to believe that the problem of malnutrition in poor countries doesn’t depend on technological development. — Я склонен полагать, что проблема недоедания в бедных странах не зависит от развития технологий.
It strikes me that there is a larger issue in the team. — Мне кажется, что в команде есть еще более весомая проблема.

Иногда хочется подчеркнуть особую важность того или иного факта. Следующие слова помогут красочно, а главное, правильно это сделать:

  • clearly, obviously — определенно, очевидно, бесспорно;
  • needless to say — само собой разумеется;
  • significantly, importantly — что особенно важно.

Clearly, if everyone were allowed to carry a gun, the crime rate would rise. — Бесспорно, если бы каждому было позволено носить оружие, уровень преступности возрос бы.
Importantly, the writer was being employed by the leading party when he wrote this work, and was therefore under pressure. — Что особенно важно, писатель работал на ведущую партию, когда написал данную работу, и поэтому был под давлением.

3. Listing facts and addition — перечисление фактов и добавление новой информации

В подтверждение вашему мнению зачастую необходимо привести ряд доказательств. Правильно и логично их выразить помогут следующие связующие слова и фразы, они всегда на письме выделяются запятой.

  • firstly, first of all — во-первых;
  • first — для начала;
  • to start with, to begin with — прежде всего;
  • in the first place — в первую очередь;
  • secondly — во-вторых;
  • thirdly — в-третьих;
  • then, next — затем;
  • afterwards, after that — после этого;
  • finally — наконец;
  • lastly — в заключение;
  • last but not the least — последнее, но не менее важное.

To begin with, you should wash the wound in the cold water. Next, wrap a bandage around the cut. Lastly, put the patient in a comfortable position. — Прежде всего, вам следует промыть рану холодной водой. Затем обмотайте рану бинтом. В заключение, положите пациента в удобное положение.

Если вы хотите добавить какую-либо информацию к своему высказыванию, используйте подходящие слова-связки. Одна из типичных ошибок — это постоянное использование союза and (и) и also (также). В английском языке существует множество альтернативных слов и фраз:

  • moreover, furthermore, in addition — более того (используются в начале предложения);
  • besides — кроме того;
  • as well as — так же, как и;
  • coupled with — наряду с;
  • not only … but also — не только …, а также и;
  • not to mention, to say nothing of — не говоря уже о (используется, чтобы подчеркнуть новый аргумент);
  • on top of that — сверх всего прочего, вдобавок ко всему;
  • not only that, but — при этом.

That war caused suffering to millions of people worldwide, not to mention its impact on countries’ economy. — Эта война обрекла на страдания миллионы людей по всему миру, не говоря уже о ее влиянии на экономику стран.
The characters of the novel missed their train, and on top of that they were alone in the middle of nowhere. — Герои романа опоздали на поезд, и вдобавок ко всему они остались одни в глуши.

4. Contrast — противопоставление

Уметь правильно высказать противоположные мнения или факты также важно. Вместо обычного but (но) употребляйте следующие linking words:

  • however — однако;
  • on the one hand — с одной стороны;
  • on the other hand — с другой стороны;
  • having said that — вместе с тем, при этом;
  • then again, that said — впрочем, хотя;
  • yet — тем не менее (если стоит в начале предложения);
  • despite smth, in spite of smth, notwithstanding smth — несмотря на что-либо;
  • nonetheless, nevertheless — несмотря на это, все равно.

It is well known that the first landing on the Moon took place on July 20, 1969. Having said that, some people assert that it is a hoax. — Всем хорошо известно, что первая высадка на Луну была 20 июля 1969 года. При этом некоторые утверждают, что это ложь.
The manager says that a fire was the reason for what happened. Then again, it’s possible that he was paid to say this. — Менеджер утверждает, что причиной случившегося стал пожар. Впрочем, возможно, что ему заплатили, чтобы он так сказал.

Ann was not doing well in her physics course. Yet, she managed to get a high grade in the final exam. — Анна не очень хорошо училась по физике. Тем не менее ей удалось получить высокую оценку за итоговый экзамен.
Notwithstanding some members’ objections, the company went ahead with the plan. — Несмотря на возражения некоторых членов, компания продолжила идти по намеченному плану.
The research had its limitations, but it was important for us nevertheless. — В исследовании были свои ограничения, но оно все равно было важным для нас.

5. Comparing — сравнение

При сравнении двух точек зрения можно использовать следующие linking words:

  • likewise, similarly — равно как и, таким же образом, аналогично;
  • whereas — тогда как;
  • conversely — и наоборот, в свою очередь;
  • by contrast, in comparison — напротив, зато, в противоположность;
  • although, even though — хотя;
  • unlike — в отличие от.

Cars must stop at red traffic lights. Likewise, bicycles have to stop too. — Машины должна останавливаться на красный свет. Таким же образом должны поступать и велосипедисты.
People who aim to climb corporate ladders develop this trait while growing up. Conversely, people who search for stability acquire these values in their childhood. — Люди, которые стремятся идти по карьерной лестнице, приобретают эту черту характера пока взрослеют. В свою очередь, люди, которые ищут стабильность, получают эти ценности в детстве.

The marketing department suffers from absenteeism. By contrast, the call center employees are performing very well. — В отделе маркетинга наблюдается проблема отсутствия работников без уважительной причины. Зато сотрудники колл-центра работают очень хорошо.
The village festival went well, unlike the previous year when very few people came. — Сельский праздник прошел хорошо, в отличие от предыдущего года, когда собралось совсем мало людей.

6. Cause and consequence — причина и следствие

Важно уметь не только выражать свое мнение, но и аргументировать его. Многие изучающие английский язык делают ошибку, используя только because (потому что) и so (поэтому), тогда как существует множество синонимичных слов и фраз для выражения причин или следствий:

  1. Cause — причина
    • since, as — так как;
    • owing to the fact that, due to the fact that — в связи с тем, что;
    • on the grounds that — исходя из того, что;
    • in view of, in light of — принимая во внимание, исходя из;
    • because of — из-за.

    Since they had to wait for the train, they decided to have a cup of coffee. — Так как им нужно было ждать поезд, они решили выпить по чашке кофе.
    Many members have objected to the proposal on the grounds that it would be too costly. — Многие члены не одобрили предложение исходя из того, что оно может быть слишком затратным.
    In view of the late hour, the chairman decided to put off that discussion until the next meeting. — Принимая во внимание позднее время, председатель решил отложить обсуждение до следующего собрания.

  2. Consequence — следствие
    • consequently — следовательно;
    • as a result — в результате этого;
    • as a consequence — вследствие этого, как следствие;
    • therefore — поэтому;
    • for this reason — по этой причине, в силу вышесказанного;
    • thus — так, таким образом.

    Nowadays young adults receive a lot of help from their parents. As a consequence, they are remain unemployed longer than previous generations did. — Сегодня молодые люди получают много помощи со стороны родителей. Вследствие этого они остаются безработными дольше, чем представители предыдущих поколений.
    We were unable to get funding. For this reason, we had to abandon that idea. — Нам не удалось получить финансирование. По этой причине нам пришлось оставить эту идею.
    This plan will reduce waste, and thus cut costs. — Благодаря этому плану мы сможем сократить количество отходов и таким образом снизить расходы.

7. Example — пример

Помимо всем известного выражения for example (например) есть и несколько других вариантов linking words, позволяющих привести пример:

  • for instance — например;
  • to give an illustration — наглядно показать;
  • such as — такой как, а именно;
  • particularly, in particular, especially — в особенности.

Some birds migrate to avoid harsh winter climates. Swallows, for instance, leave the UK in early winter and fly south. — Некоторые птицы мигрируют, чтобы избежать суровых зим. Ласточки, например, ранней зимой улетают из Великобритании на юг.
To give an illustration of what I mean, let’s look at the case of obesity. — Для наглядности давайте рассмотрим проблему ожирения.
If you want to decrease your chances of having a heart attack, you should reduce your intake of meat, in particular red meat. — Если хотите уменьшить вероятность инфаркта, вы должны сократить потребление мяса, в особенности красного.

8. Condition — условие

Следующая группа linking words позволит добавить уточнение к уже сказанному или сделать оговорку:

  • provided that, providing that, providing, on the condition that — при условии, что;
  • in the event of, in case of — при возникновении, на случай (после ставится существительное);
  • in the event that, in case — в случае, если.

He can borrow my car providing he doesn’t drive too fast. — Он может взять мою машину при условии, что не будет ехать слишком быстро.
It’s better to take an umbrella in case of rain. — Лучше взять зонтик на случай дождя.
In the event that trouble starts, lock all the doors! — В случае если начнутся волнения, закрой все двери!

Если вы хотите говорить грамотно, свободно выражать свои мысли и не делать ошибок на письме, запишитесь на курс «Практическая грамматика».

9. Introduction and conclusion — введение и заключение

В этой части разберем, какие слова-связки подходят для введения и заключения:

  1. Introduction — введение

    Зачастую в начале письменных работ можно привести какое-то общеизвестное мнение или факт, таким образом представив тему, о которой пойдет речь. Употребляйте следующие фразы:

    • it is widely believed that — многие считают, что / повсеместно считается, что;
    • people often claim that — люди часто утверждают, что;
    • some people argue that — некоторые люди приводят аргументы, что / утверждают, что;
    • as a general rule, generally — как правило, обычно;
    • on the whole, in general — в целом, в общем.

    It is widely believed that the Earth is the only planet in our solar system where life is possible. — Считается, что Земля — это единственная планета в нашей солнечной системе, где возможна жизнь.
    As a general rule, people who exercise regularly do not suffer from stress. But some people argue that they are still exposed to stress-related problems. — Как правило, люди, которые регулярно делают физические упражнения, не страдают от стресса. Но некоторые утверждают, что они все равно подвержены проблемам, вызванным стрессом.

  2. Conclusion — заключение
    • taking everything into account, all things considered — принимая все во внимание;
    • as was previously stated — как уже отмечалось ранее;
    • in conclusion — в заключение;
    • to sum up — подводя итог;
    • above all — главным образом, а главное;
    • all in all — подводя итог изложенному выше, отметим.

    All things considered, we can state that the general situation in the region is improving. — Принимая все во внимание, можно заявить, что общая ситуация в регионе улучшается.
    To sum up, it is unlikely that mankind will ever bring an end to all wars. — Подводя итог, маловероятно, что человечество когда-либо положит конец войнам.
    Above all, it is important to remember that natural resources are depleting. — Главное, важно помнить, что природные богатства истощаются.
    All in all, the problem of civil war victims in these countries still remains. — Подводя итог изложенному выше, отметим, что проблема жертв гражданской войны в этих странах по-прежнему существует.

  3. Теперь вы сможете более уверенно высказывать свое мнение, выражать несогласие или наоборот поддерживать точку зрения своего собеседника. Предлагаем вам повторить пройденный материал и пройти тест.

    Тест по теме «Слова-связки в английском языке»

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While, whereas, on the one hand, on the other hand, etc.  contrast linking words

In this English lesson you will learn how we use contrast linking words like while, whereas, on the one hand, on the other hand, by contrast and in contrast.

We use these contrast linking words to contrast two facts or ideas but not to contradict.

Let’s have a look how we use each of the linking words.

While/whereas

These two are used simultaneously and you can substitue one for the other.

  • My friends like to party, while/whereas I prefer to go to quiet places.
  • While/whereas New Zealand has a small population, Australia’s is a lot bigger.
  • I like to holiday in the mountains, while/whereas my wife likes to go to the beach.

As you can see, while/whereas can either begin a sentence, or start the second clause. When it starts the second clause it can be substituted by ‘but‘.

  • My Mates love to party but I prefer to go to quiet places. 

Be careful with ‘while’ because it can also mean ‘during‘.

  • I went to the shops while my children were at school.

On the one hand, on the other hand

These linking phrases can be used together as in the following example:

  • On the one hand I’d like to quit my job and travel full-time. On the other hand I realise that I must be resonsible and keep my job. 

Or, you can use on the other hand alone. 

  • I’d like to earn more money. On the other hand, I don’t want too much responsibility. 
  • I like rock music. My wife, on the other hand, likes pop. 

By contrast, in contrast

Like while and whereas, by contrast and in contrast can also be used simultaneously. 

Have a look at how we use them. 

  • Bank shares continue to underperform. Tech stocks, by contrast, show no signs of slowing their growth. 
  • John had a terrible childhood. His wife, in contrast, could not have had a happier one. 

There you go. You know no how to use these contrast linking words. Now you will speak and write English even better. 

You can study another one of my lessons here. 

I also have interactive lessons on curious.com. 

Please share the lesson with your friends. 

Want to help me make more English video lessons? Buy me breakfast. 

Cheers!

Reader Interactions

Linking words ( or transitional words, conjunctions) are words or phrases that connect ideas or sentences within a text. Using linking words helps your text more readable and allows the reader to comprehend the opinion or information you’re representing. In this post, we’re going to learn some useful linking words for comparison and contradiction.

But

But is coordinating conjunction used to connect contrasting ideas. Coordinating conjunctions connect items that are the same grammatical type.

For example:

  • She always wants to be successful but she is so lazy.
  • I’m not sure what you are planning to do but I will always support you.

However

However, is more formal than but. You can use however at the beginning of a sentence, yet you can’t use but at the beginning of a sentence (in written English).

For example:

  • We have failed many times; however, we still keep trying.
  • I want to come to your party tonight. However, I have to visit my parents. (In case you use but, the sentence should be:  “I want to come to your party tonight but I have to visit my parents.”)

Nevertheless

We can use either however or nevertheless to indicate the second point we wish to make contrasts with the first point. The difference is that nevertheless is a bit more formal and emphatic than however.

For example:

  • Milos said his English is terrible. Nevertheless, he got an 8.0 on his IELTS Writing test.
  • I knew a lot about the subject already, but his presentation was interesting nevertheless.

Pro tip: For those who are more likely to use smartphones, eJOY Epic is a great app for learning English with step-by-step courses generated from authentic videos. You can easily learn and apply not only the common linking words but also phrases and expressions that natives use every day.

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Although / even though

These linking words are the same, and they are both followed by a clause (subject + verb). Even though is stronger, more emphatic than although.

Besides, even though is used when the given condition is negative but the outcome/result is positive.

For example:

  • Even though Ram hadn’t studied, he passed the exam.
  • She still loves him, even though he treated her very badly.

On the other hand, although is used when the given condition is positive while the outcome/result is negative.

For example:

  • Although Ram had studied very hard, he did not score well.
  • Although he’s trying to be more healthy, he finds it easier to eat fast food.

Despite /in spite of

In spite of and despite having a similar meaning to although or even though. They both are more common in writing than speaking and are used to show a contrast between two things. They are both more common in writing than in speaking. These two prepositional expressions are followed by nouns or gerunds (verb + ‘ing’). They are not followed by clauses (subject + verb). Despite is a little more formal than in spite of.

For example:

  • Despite being one of the most successful people in the world, Mike has never felt happy.
  • In spite of studying hard, Mike didn’t get a good grade on the final exam.

If you want to use a clause with despite and in spite of, you need to add the fact that.

For example:

  • Despite the fact that Mike is one of the most successful people in the world, he has never felt happy.
  • In spite of the fact that Mike studied hard, he didn’t get a good grade on the final exam.

While / Whereas

We use the conjunctions whereas and while to indicate a contrast between two facts or ideas in one sentence. These words can be placed at the beginning of the sentence or in the middle.

For example:

  • While I accept that she’s not perfect in many respects, I do actually like her.
  • He must be about 60, whereas his wife looks about 30.
  • She likes going to parties whereas I prefer somewhere quiet.

On the other hand

You use on the other hand to introduce the second of two contrasting points, facts, or ways of looking at something.

For example:

  • She lacked experience, but on the other hand, she was hard-working and willing to learn.

Yet

Yet as a conjunction means ‘but’ or ‘nevertheless‘. We use it to show contrast. It often occurs after ‘and’.

For example:

  • So many questions and yet so few answers.
  • It’s hard to stay focused. And yet, we know we’ll only do our best work if we stay focused.

By contrast / In contrast

These two conjunctions are exactly the same and are used in a similar way to however or on the other hand to introduce a contrast or a comparison. Put By / In contrast at the beginning of a sentence, with a comma (,) after contrast.

Example

  • Unemployment rose in the UK. By contrast, the number of unemployed people in Canada fell.

On the contrary

We use “on the contrary” to deny that something is true and to explain that the opposite is true.

For example:

– Mike:  “You didn’t like the movie, did you?”
– Lauren: “On the contrary, the movie was great. I think I’ll watch it again.”

So far, you’ve just learned some of the most common linking words for comparison and contradiction. Now it’s time to put them into practice. Don’t forget to check out our post about linking words for adding information to improve your writing!

And now, make a sentence with one of those linking words and share it with us in the comments below.

>>> Learn more linking words to perfect your English writing here!


I also recommend you use eJOY extension to search for more linking words meaning while reading. It is handy, instant, and helps enrich your vocabulary. You can also use the Say it features to learn how to use such linking words in a real-life context.

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