Contraction for the word something

smth

abbreviation for ‘something’.

When chatting with someone,this and many other abbreviations -such as btw(by the way),srsly(seriously),ty(thank you),brb(be right back),j/k(just kidding),etc…- may help your conversation preceed faster!

A:’btw,is there smth I can do 4 u?’

B:’Oh,ty!would u lend me 10000$?’

A:’WTF?!?!?!?!??!’

B:’hahaha!j/k!’

by °araik° February 11, 2008

Flag

english-contractions

By
Last updated:

March 27, 2023

You have probably heard someone use phrases like won’t or y’all before. They are in songs and in quotes. They can be heard on TV and in everyday conversations.

These are all examples of common contractions in English. They help simplify the language.

In this post, we will show you useful English contractions that you can memorize to improve your listening and reading comprehension.

We will also explain how you should use these contractions in your own speaking and writing, to get you sounding fluent faster.

Can’t wait to get started? Let’s begin!

Contents

  • What Is a Contraction?
  • English Contractions with “Be”
  • English Contractions with “Will”
  • English Contractions with “Have”
  • English Contractions with “Would”
  • English Contractions with “Had”
  • Negative Contractions in English
  • Miscellaneous Contractions in English
  • How to Use Contractions in English the Right Way
  • Resources to Practice Using English Contractions


Download:
This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you
can take anywhere.
Click here to get a copy. (Download)

What Is a Contraction?

In English, a contraction is a shortened version of a pair of words where at least one letter is dropped and an apostrophe ( ’ ) is added. For example, instead of saying “I am,” English speakers frequently use the contraction “I’m.” It has the same meaning, but it is a little shorter.

Contractions help to simplify language (they are great for keeping your comments on Twitter under the maximum character count!). Knowing different examples of contractions and their meanings is crucial because they are used everywhere in English, especially in conversational or informal situations.

To recognize contractions when reading English, look for the floating punctuation mark called an apostrophe (“I’m”), which appears in most common English contractions. If you ignore the apostrophe, you may mistake a contraction for another word.

For instance, the word “she’ll” (she will) could be misinterpreted for “shell” (as in, “a shell on the beach”), which has a completely different meaning. Pay attention to spelling and how apostrophes are used in different words when you read English aloud or in your head. This will help avoid mixing up words.

Keep in mind that apostrophes are also used when showing possession in English. In the phrase “the cat’s toy,” the apostrophe is telling us the toy belongs to the cat. Always make sure to look at the context of the sentence so you can understand why and how the apostrophe is being used.

Below, we will take a look at several common English contractions you should memorize. They’re made with the following words:

  • Be
  • Will 
  • Have
  • Had
  • Would
  • Not

And others! Then we will discuss different situations in which to use them and, finally, we will provide some resources to help you practice using contractions correctly.

English Contractions with “Be”

Original Contraction Example
I am I’m I’m trying to improve my English.
You are You’re You’re such a sweetheart!
He is He’s He’s so handsome.
She is She’s She’s very beautiful.
They are They’re They’re really cute puppies!
We are We’re We’re probably going to be late.
It is It’s It’s not a problem.
That is That’s That’s awesome!
Here is Here’s Here’s the car I told you about.
There is There’s There’s a fly in my soup!
Who is Who’s Who’s going to the party tonight?
Where is Where’s Where’s my key?
When is When’s Congratulations! When’s the wedding?
Why is Why’s Why’s he looking at me like that?
What is What’s What’s for dinner?
How is How’s How’s the new job?
Everybody is Everybody’s Everybody’s here now!
Nobody is Nobody’s Looks like nobody’s coming to the party.
Something is Something’s Something’s making a funny noise.
So is So’s I’m done with my food, and so’s he.

English Contractions with “Will”

Original Contraction Example
I will I’ll I’ll finish the project later.
You will You’ll You’ll regret that!
He will He’ll He should put on a coat or he’ll get sick.
She will She’ll She’ll love her birthday present.
They will They’ll I hope they’ll get home before dark.
It will It’ll Come to the party! It’ll be fun!
We will We’ll We’ll arrive around 3 p.m.
That will That’ll I’m not sure that’ll be enough.
This will This’ll This’ll only take a minute.
These will These’ll Those are too expensive. These’ll work just as well.
There will There’ll There’ll be about 30 people at the meeting.
Where will Where’ll Where’ll you go next?
Who will Who’ll Who’ll take care of you when you get older?
What will What’ll He lost his job last week. What’ll he do now?
How will How’ll Our phones don’t work here. How’ll we contact each other?

English Contractions with “Have”

Note: These contractions use “have” as a helping verb to indicate something that happened in the past.

In American English, contractions with “have” are only used in this situation.

Contractions are typically not used when “have” is the main verb showing possession. In other words, you could say I’ve seen that movie (I have seen that movie) but not I’ve a dog (I have a dog).

Original Contraction Example
I have I’ve I’ve been to his house before.
You have You’ve You’ve been trying to contact her for days.
He has He’s He’s been looking for a new job recently.
She has She’s She’s already booked her hotel room.
We have We’ve We’ve been wanting to visit for a long time.
They have They’ve They’ve just arrived.
Should have Should’ve We should’ve turned left at the last light.
Could have Could’ve She could’ve scored high on the test, but she didn’t study enough.
Would have Would’ve I didn’t know you were at the party. I would’ve said hello!
Might have Might’ve I might’ve missed the error if you didn’t point it out to me.
Must have Must’ve I must’ve forgotten the extra pens. I’m sorry.
What have What’ve Oh no! What’ve you done?
What has What’s What’s he been doing lately?
Where have Where’ve Where’ve they already traveled to?
Where has Where’s Where’s the cat been hiding?
There have There’ve There’ve been a lot of thunderstorms this summer.
There has There’s There’s been something different about you lately.
These have These’ve Wear your other shoes; these’ve got mud on them.
Who has Who’s Who’s got the marker?

Notice that the contractions in this table that end with “s” look exactly the same as contractions using “is.”

So, both “he has” and “he is” contract to form “he’s.” Same with “she has,” “what has” and more.

Pay attention to the context of the sentence to understand the difference between these forms!

English Contractions with “Would”

Original Contraction Example
I would I’d I’d love to visit, but plane tickets are expensive.
You would You’d I think you’d be a great salesman.
He would He’d He’d probably be happier in a different city.
She would She’d She’d like to get a dog.
We would We’d We’d love to go see that new movie.
They would They’d If my parents were here, they’d really like this hotel.
It would It’d It’d be cheaper to buy all the tickets together.
That would That’d Do you want to go to the circus? I think that’d be a fun experience.
These would These’d I love sunflowers! These’d look great in my garden.
There would There’d If he doesn’t come, then there’d only be five people for dinner.

English Contractions with “Had”

Note: The contractions for “had” and “would” look exactly the same!

So how do you tell them apart? It is all about the context.

Contractions that use “had” are usually followed by a past participle of a verb. For example: “When she called, I’d been eating.”

You can’t use these contractions as just a past tense (for instance, you wouldn’t say “She’d a dog” for “She had a dog”).

There are also some common phrases that use these contractions, like “had better,” which means something should happen or be done. For example: “She’d better call me back later!”

Original Contraction Example
I had I’d I’d never been to the beach until last summer.
You had You’d You’d better come look at this.
He had He’d She wanted to go to the movies, but he’d already seen the film.
She had She’d After searching for a month, she’d finally found the perfect bag.
We had We’d We’d practiced often so that we could win the soccer match.
They had They’d They’d already finished cooking by the time we arrived.
There had There’d They went to the house that morning, but there’d been no one at home.

Negative Contractions in English

All of these contractions use the word “not” to form a negative meaning.

Original Contraction Example
Do not Don’t I don’t know.
Cannot Can’t You can’t have any more cookies.
Must not Mustn’t You mustn’t touch that.
Are not Aren’t They aren’t coming to dinner tonight.
Could not Couldn’t She was so full that she couldn’t eat another bite.
Would not Wouldn’t My sister wouldn’t ride a bike until she was 11 years old.
Should not Shouldn’t You shouldn’t watch too much TV.
Is not Isn’t That building isn’t safe.
Does not Doesn’t He doesn’t understand what you said.
Did not Didn’t I didn’t go grocery shopping today.
Has not Hasn’t The mail still hasn’t come yet.
Had not Hadn’t I hadn’t thought of that solution.
Have not Haven’t They haven’t seen that movie.
Was not Wasn’t That wasn’t a good idea.
Will not Won’t I won’t be able to attend the meeting.
Were not Weren’t Luckily, we weren’t hurt in the car accident.
Am not; are not; is not; has not; have not Ain’t I ain’t interested in dance classes.

Note that the word “mustn’t” is most commonly used in British English.

You should also be aware that the word “ain’t” is regional, and is considered slang in many areas.

Miscellaneous Contractions in English

Original Contraction Example
Let us Let’s Let’s go shopping this afternoon.
You all Y’all Y’all need to pay attention.
Where did Where’d Where’d the dog go?
How did How’d How’d you know I was at the library?
Why did Why’d Why’d you throw that paper ball at me?
Who did Who’d Who’d you see at the store?
When did When’d I didn’t see you come in! When’d you get here?
What did What’d What’d you find?
Good day G’day G’day to you!
Madam Ma’am Have a good evening, ma’am.
Of the clock O’clock It’s five o’clock now.

Just like “ain’t,” the word “y’all” is regional and is considered slang in some places.

The contraction “g’day” is mainly used in Australia.

How to Use Contractions in English the Right Way

Okay, so now you know the common contractions in English—but you might not be comfortable using them yet. Here are some rules to help you speak or write confidently with contractions.

  • Do not double up on contractions. There should only be one apostrophe in a word. For example, “you’re’nt” is not proper English and is just plain weird.
  • With the exception of negative contractions, most contractions cannot go at the end of a sentence. Make sure to say the entire phrase. For example:

    “Is the cold contagious?”

    Correct: “The doctor said it is.”

    Incorrect: “The doctor said it’s.”

    However, negative contractions can end a sentence. Take a look at this example:

    Correct: “If he goes to the party, I won’t.” (Here, we get a full understanding of the speaker’s intentions. The speaker will not go to the party.)

    Incorrect: “If he goes to the party, I’ll.” (Here, the meaning is unclear. This sentence leaves the listener wondering: “You will what? You will go to the party, or you will avoid him?”)

  • Contractions that sound very much like other words (also known as homophones) typically are not used at the end of sentences, either. These include it’s (sounds like its), they’re (sounds like there or their) and you’re (sounds like your).

    For example, if we ask the question: “Are they coming on vacation?”

    Correct: “Yes, they are.”

    Incorrect: “Yes, they’re.”

Most of the time, it is acceptable to use contractions in everyday English. People use them all of the time in both spoken and written English.

However, sometimes contractions are considered less formal than the full phrase. Saying “I can’t help you” is more casual than saying “I cannot help you.”

Also, be aware that the words “y’all” and “ain’t” may be considered slang, depending on where you are. Some American dialects consider these contractions acceptable and use them a lot. In other places and situations, these words are considered very poor English and should be avoided. If you are in an English class, it is probably better to not use these words.

Make sure to always assess the situation to see if using a contraction is appropriate. Most of the time, though, using a standard contraction will be just fine.

Resources to Practice Using English Contractions

To master contractions, you will first want to memorize the list provided above. But you also need to be exposed to different speaking styles or dialects.

Practice with as many language partners or native speakers as possible. Even native speakers from the same area may speak differently and use different contractions.

If you need to find an English speaker to practice with, try using Wyzant, where you can choose from hundreds of English tutors to find one that matches your goals, learning style and budget. Wyzant is a cool option because you can choose in-person lessons or virtual tutoring using a webcam.

Most Wyzant tutors are experienced, certified educators who will have no problem providing expert contraction guidance or help with any other language need. Browse the profiles to start exploring your options.

You should also watch movies, YouTube videos and listen to songs from people from different English-speaking places. They can show contractions as used by native speakers, which will help you learn how to use them naturally. 

For example, here is a YouTube video that uses the popular song “Call Me Maybe” to help explain contractions. It also has some more examples of slang contractions that are sometimes used in English.

If you want to hear more sophisticated language, watch a movie with very proper English, such as “Pride and Prejudice.” If you want to hear dialects with a lot of contractions and slang, you could try watching the popular TV series “The Walking Dead.”

But again, try watching all kinds of different shows and movies. The more English you are exposed to, the more you will learn!

Another resource is the language learning program FluentU. It has a library of short authentic videos that cover different topics. Each clip has interactive captions, so you can spot contractions and see how they’re used in context. You can also click on a contraction, or any other word or phrase, to get information about its definition, grammar and usage in sentences.

You can also get some interactive practice with online quizzes. Here are three to try:

  • This quiz gives you a full sentence with a phrase that can be turned into a contraction. It gives you different answer choices to choose from and you need to pick the contraction that uses the apostrophe correctly.
  • This quiz gives you a sentence and a phrase that needs to be turned into a contraction. However, there are no answer choices given and you need to write the phrase in its contraction form. It is very good practice!
  • This site provides more examples of contractions being used in sentences. There is also a quiz at the very bottom where you need to choose the correct contraction based on the context of the sentence.

    Unlike the other quizzes, this one does not tell you which phrase to use ahead of time. You have to figure it out yourself!

Now that you have learned the basics of contractions, use these resources and any others you can find to master contractions and improve your English!


Download:
This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you
can take anywhere.
Click here to get a copy. (Download)

  • EM

  • Articles

  • Usage

  • Punctuation

Summary

Contractions are shortened forms of words, in which some letters are omitted. An apostrophe generally marks the omission. Standard contractions include those that shorten the word not, the verbs be and have, and modal verbs. Here is a list of commonly used contractions.

Contracted Forms in English

Contraction Full form Examples
n’t not don’t (do not), isn’t (is not)
’s is, has she’s (she is, she has), what’s (what is, what has)
’re are you’re (you are), we’re (we are)
’ve have I’ve (I have), could’ve (could have)
’d had, would I’d (I had, I would), we’d (we had, we would)
’ll will I’ll (I will), you’ll (you will)
I’m I am
let’s let us
ma’am madam

(See also: List of standard contractions in English)

Contractions are often used in speech and lend an informal, personal tone to writing. Avoid using contractions in formal texts, such as academic papers.

Example

  • Informal: We haven’t accounted for changes in pressure in this study.
    Formal: We have not accounted for changes in pressure in this study.

What is a contraction in grammar?

A contraction is a word in which some sounds or letters are omitted. An apostrophe generally replaces the omitted letters. Contractions are common in speech and informal writing.

Examples

  • What’s going on?

    what is = what’s (an apostrophe replaces the “i” in is)

  • I don’t know.

    do not = don’t (an apostrophe indicates the omitted “o” in not)

  • I’m happy to help.

    I am = I’m (an apostrophe replaces “a”)

Common contractions in English shorten the word not (isn’t, shouldn’t), the be verb (I’m, she’s, we’re), the have verb (you’ve, could’ve), and modal verbs (we’ll, they’d).

When should contractions be used?

Contractions lend an informal tone to writing and replace talking to your reader. In messages and personal communication, contractions sound normal and natural.

Examples

  • I’m on my way.
  • That’s fine. Don’t worry.
  • It’s all right.
  • Sorry I couldn’t take your call.

In contrast, in academic and other formal texts, avoiding contractions lends an air of formality to the document.

Examples

  • Informal: We couldn’t collect sufficient real-world data.
    Formal: We could not collect sufficient real-world data.
  • Informal: It’s important to account for bias.
    Formal: It is important to account for bias.

In ad copy, marketing slogans, and other signage, contractions can help save space and make your message sound more friendly.

Examples

  • It’s finger lickin’ good. (KFC)
  • I’m lovin’ it. (McDonald’s)
  • Because you’re worth it. (L’Oreal)

In creative writing as well, contractions, which are common in speech, can make dialogue sound more natural.

Example

  • “Now you said you’d do it, now let’s see you do it.”
    Don’t you crowd me now; you better look out.”
    “Well, you said you’d do it—why don’t you do it?”

    — Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)

Caution

Avoid using contractions in formal texts, such as academic papers, cover letters, and business proposals.

Example

  • Informal: We haven’t reviewed the financial statements of the subsidiaries yet.
    Formal: We have not reviewed the financial statements of the subsidiaries yet.

In this article, we discuss common contractions in English and when they are used.

Contractions with not

Not can be contracted to n’t when it is used with an auxiliary verb like can and have.

Examples

  • I can’t believe you don’t have a phone. (cannot, do not)
  • Haven’t you pressed the button yet? (have not)
  • I won’t tell anyone what happened. (will not)
  • Nesbit shouldn’t spend all his time indoors. (should not)

Can, which already ends in n, combines with not to form can’t. Will and shall lose their endings and combine with not to form won’t and shan’t.

Here is a list of not contractions in English: note how the adverb not combines with both primary (be, have, do) and modal auxiliary verbs (like can and could).

Contractions with Not

Contraction Full form
don’t do not
didn’t did not
isn’t is not
wasn’t was not
aren’t are not (also am not)
weren’t were not
hasn’t has not
haven’t have not
hadn’t had not
can’t cannot
couldn’t could not
shan’t shall not
shouldn’t should not
won’t will not
wouldn’t would not
mightn’t might not
mustn’t must not
needn’t need not

Be verb with not

The be verb contracts with not in two ways: you can either contract the verb form itself (is, are, am) or contract not.

Examples

  • Contracted not: Anita isn’t ready.
  • Contracted be verb: She’s not ready.

The word not is contracted more often with nouns.

Examples

  • Farley isn’t happy.

    Seen more often than “Farley’s not happy.” (The name “Farley” of course is a noun.)

  • The books aren’t here.

    Seen more often than “The books’re not here.” (“The books” is a noun phrase.)

The be verb is contracted more often with pronouns.

Examples

  • She’s not happy.

    Seen more often than “She isn’t happy” (where “she” is a pronoun).

  • They’re not here.

    Seen more often than “They aren’t here.”

Amn’t or aren’t?

With the pronoun I, use aren’t not amn’t to frame questions.

Examples

  • Aren’t I clever?
  • I’m your friend, aren’t I?

    for “I’m your friend,

    am I not

    ?”

However, when the sentence is not a question but a statement, “I am not” is usually contracted to “I’m not” rather than “I aren’t.”

Example

  • I’m not joking.

    Generally preferred to “I aren’t joking.”

In some dialects (Scottish and Irish), amn’t is acceptable in speech but still avoided in writing.

Ain’t (nonstandard)

Ain’t is a nonstandard contraction used colloquially in some dialects, where it replaces the relatively more formal contractions isn’t and aren’t.

Examples

  • I ain’t dead.
  • They ain’t listenin’.
  • That ain’t important now, is it?
  • It ain’t done till I say it’s done.

It may occasionally also replace hasn’t or haven’t.

Example

  • They ain’t made a lock yet our Nesbit can’t pick.

Caution

The contraction ain’t is considered nonstandard and used only very informally.

Be and have contractions

Be and have, which take the verb forms am, is, are, has, have, and had, can contract and combine with a noun or pronoun (and occasionally, an adverb).

Examples

  • Lulu’s a dancer. (Lulu is)
  • Your order’s being processed. (order is)
  • I’m not ready. (I am)
  • They’re already here. (they are)
  • Lulu’s been baking again. (Lulu has been)
  • They’ve found the answer. (they have found)
  • She’d called me already before you got here. (she had called)
  • Here’s your money. (here is)
  • There’s no money in this purse. (there is)
  • That’s the restaurant I was telling you about. (that is)

Note that the have verb is not contracted in writing when it is the main verb and means “to possess.”

Example

  • Poor: Poco’s seven cars in his garage.

    The main verb is has: Poco

    has

    . Don’t contract it.

    Better: Poco has seven cars in his garage.

  • Poor: We’d no money.
    Better: We had no money.
  • but

  • Acceptable: Poco’s bought another car.

    The main verb is bought: Poco has bought. Has functions as an auxiliary (or helping) verb and can be contracted.

  • Acceptable: We’d discovered the cure by then.

Tip

Don’t use affirmative contractions at the end of a clause or a sentence.

Examples

  • Incorrect:“Have you ordered the shoes?” “Yes, I’ve.”
    Correct:“Have you ordered the shoes?” “Yes, I have.”
  • Incorrect:“Are you ready?” “I don’t know that I’m.”
    Correct:“Are you ready?” “I don’t know that I am.”
  • Incorrect:“Would you help me if you could?” “Of course I’d.”
    Correct: “Would you help me if you could?” “Of course I would.”

In contrast, negative contractions are acceptable at the end of a clause or a sentence.

Examples

  • Correct: No, I haven’t.
  • Correct: Of course I wouldn’t.

Contractions with pronouns

Personal pronouns like I, you, and they combine with the be and have verbs (am, is, are, has, have) to form standard contractions. These pronouns also combine with the modal verbs will and would.

Examples

  • Hi, I’m Maya. (I am)
  • You’re coming with me. (you are)
  • It’s my first day at work. (it is)
  • We’re happy to help. (we are)
  • She’s had a long day. (she has)
  • They’ve all gone on a picnic together. (they have)
  • I knew he’d been fighting. (he had)
  • Of course I’ll help you. (I will)
  • She’d know if we were lying. (she would)

The following table shows how contractions for personal pronouns are formed.

Contractions with Personal Pronouns

Contraction Full form Pronoun contraction
’m am I’m
’s is, has she’s, he’s, it’s
’re are we’re, you’re, they’re
’ve have I’ve, you’ve, we’ve, they’ve
’d had, would I’d, you’d, he’d, she’d, it’d, we’d, they’d
’ll will I’ll, you’ll, he’ll, she’ll, it’ll, we’ll, they’ll

Note how contractions with ’s can be short for either is or has: “He’s” can mean “he is” or “he has.” Similarly, contractions with ’d can stand for either had or would: “I’d” means both “I had” and “I would.”

Caution

The contraction of “you are” is you’re, not your.

Examples

  • Incorrect: Your not wrong.
    Correct: You’re not wrong. (you are)
  • Incorrect: Your your own worst enemy.
    Correct: You’re your own worst enemy. (you are)

Your is a possessive that appears before a noun.

Examples

  • Your answers are not wrong.
  • The enemy of your enemy is your friend.

Tip

Insert an apostrophe in its only if it is a contraction of “it is” or “it has.” Omit the apostrophe when it is a possessive.

Examples

  • It’s raining.

    it’s = it is (contraction)

  • It’s stopped raining.

    it’s = it has (contraction)

  • The kitten is chasing its tail.

    its tail = the kitten’s tail (possessive; no apostrophe)

Other pronouns like that, which, and who can also form contractions with be and have in informal usage.

Examples

  • That’s not true! (that is)
  • The report that’s being released today is misleading. (that is)
  • My friend Farley, who’s an astronaut, is afraid of heights. (who is)
  • The person who’s been eating all the cookies is me. (who has)
  • These reports, which’ve already been released, are misleading. (which have)

Contractions with nouns

In speech, nouns form contractions with is and has (singular forms of the be and have verbs). These contractions are not generally seen in writing, and never in formal texts.

Examples

  • Rita’s my sister. (Rita is)
  • Farley’s in quarantine this week. (Farley is)
  • Your money’s on the way. (money is)
  • My daughter’s going to Thailand in May. (daughter is)
  • The cat’s been eating all the cheese again. (cat has)
  • Anita’s found the answer! (Anita has)

It is rarer for the plural verbs are and have to join with nouns (cakes’re baked; the cats’ve been eating).

Contractions with adverbs

Adverbs like now, here, and there combine with is to form contractions in informal usage.

Examples

  • Now’s your chance! (now is)
  • Here’s the entrance to the cave. (here is)
  • There’s a slight chance I might be wrong. (there is)

There can also form a contraction with has.

Example

  • There’s been no change in status since we last spoke. (there has)

Plural contractions are rarer: there’re, there’ve.

Contractions with modal verbs

Modal verbs like could and would combine with have.

Examples

  • You could’ve done better, but you didn’t even try. (could have)
  • (would have)
  • You should’ve given her a chance to explain. (should have)

Caution

Could have and should have are contracted to could’ve and should’ve, not could of or should of. Could’ve is sometimes incorrectly written as could of because of how this contraction is pronounced.

Examples

  • You could of/could’ve told me you had an extra phone.
  • I should of/should’ve realized this would be a problem.

Will and would are contracted to ’ll and ’d in casual communication.

Examples

  • Anita’ll never believe what just happened. (Anita will)
  • I’ll buy the flowers myself. (I will)
  • You’ll call me, won’t you? (you will)
  • They’ll call us tomorrow. (they will)
  • You’d never know she was lying. (you would)
  • We’d like to cancel our membership. (we would)

Modal verbs can also form contractions with not.

Examples

  • Farley can’t find his shoes. (cannot)
  • She won’t tell anyone. (will not)
  • I wouldn’t know where to begin. (would not)
  • It shouldn’t be this hard. (should not)

Here is a list of contractions with modal verbs.

Contractions with Modal Verbs

Contraction Full form
could’ve could have
should’ve should have
would’ve would have
might’ve might have
must’ve must have
’ll will (I’ll, you’ll, we’ll)
’d would (I’d, she’d, they’d)
can’t cannot
couldn’t could not
shan’t shall not
shouldn’t should not
won’t will not
wouldn’t would not
mightn’t might not
mustn’t must not
oughtn’t ought not
needn’t need not

Contractions in questions

Negative forms using not are contracted in questions, not only in speech but also in formal usage.

Examples

  • Hasn’t Rita returned from Neptune yet?

    Not “

    Has not

    Rita returned yet?,” which would sound odd and archaic.

  • Don’t you want to get paid?
  • Couldn’t you find the answer?
  • Can’t you see I’m busy?

Negative question tags are also always contracted.

Examples

  • Farley should be given another chance, shouldn’t he?

    Not “Should not he?”

  • Rita has come back, hasn’t she?
  • Help me out, won’t you?

Forms of be and have can combine with question words like who and what in speech.

Examples

  • What’s going on? (what is)
  • What’s happened to him? (what has)
  • What’ve you done? (what have)
  • Where’s Anita when you need her? (where is)
  • Where’s she gone? (where has)
  • Where’ve you been? (where have)
  • Who’s that? (who is)
  • Who’s been eating all my porridge? (who has)
  • Who’ve you been talking to? (who have)

Contractions of words like what, where, and there with the plural verb are (what’re, where’re, there’re) are less common than singular forms (what’s, where’s, there’s).

Tip

Who’s is a contraction of who is, while whose is a possessive.

Examples

  • Who’s/Whose that at the window?

    who’s = who is (contraction)

  • Who’s/Whose been sitting in my chair?

    who’s = who has (contraction)

  • Who’s/Whose chair is this?

    whose = whom does it belong to (possessive)

Double contractions

Double contractions with have occur in speech but not in writing.

Examples

  • Rita couldn’t’ve planned this all by herself. (could not have)
  • Poco shouldn’t’ve bought that new car. (should not have)
  • I’d’ve known if she’d been lying. (I would have)

The be verb doesn’t form double contractions.

Examples

  • Incorrect: She’sn’t not happy.
    Correct: She’s not happy.
    Correct: She isn’t happy.
  • Incorrect: I’mn’t going on holiday this year.
    Correct: I’m not going on holiday this year.

Other contractions

Certain words like ma’am are contracted in speech. An apostrophe is used to signify the omitted sounds.

Examples

  • Yes, ma’am. I’ll send you the report today. (for madam)
  • Call the bo’s’n! (for boatswain)

Let’s

The contraction let’s, used often in speech, is a contraction of let us, not let is. Use let’s to make suggestions.

Examples

  • Let’s go watch a movie. (let us)
  • Let’s play a game, shall we? (let us)

O’clock (contracted of)

The contraction o’clock is short for “of the clock” and is used to indicate time.

Examples

  • Is it nine o’clock already?
  • I usually wake up at six o’clock.

The word of is also contracted in other terms like man-o’-war, will-o’-the-wisp, cat-o’-nine-tails, and jack-o’-lantern.

G-dropping

In some dialects of English, the final sound of a word ending in -ing is not pronounced. When such speech is transcribed, an apostrophe is used to indicate the omitted “g.”

Examples

  • We were just singin’ and dancin’ in the rain.
  • Well, you know he’s a ramblin’ man.

Relaxed pronunciation

Phrases such as kind of and sort of, commonly used in casual conversation, are often contracted to kinda and sorta.

Examples

  • I’m kinda confused about this layout.
  • I’m sorta impressed by what she has done here.
  • Would you like a cuppa tea?

In everyday speech, the infinitive marker to is sometimes combined with words such as going and want. Note that these are colloquialisms never used in formal writing.

Examples

  • I wanna fly like a bird.
  • I’m gonna go now.
  • I hafta find out what happened.

Aphaeresis, syncope, apocope

In informal speech, the first unstressed syllable of a word is sometimes dropped (by a process called aphaeresis.) An apostrophe marks the missing syllable.

Examples

  • I ain’t talkin’ ’bout that.

    about

  • You’ll do it ’cause I asked you to.

    because

When a syllable or sound from the middle of a word is dropped, it is called syncope. An apostrophe marks the elision. It is often found in poetry, where meter is helped by the dropping of a sound.

Examples

  • They flew o’er hills and mountains.
  • Yes, ma’am, we have rooms available.

The omission or elision of syllables at the end of a word is called apocope.

Examples

  • Did you watch the match on tele last night? (short for television)
  • Have you uploaded the photo? (for photograph)

Poetic contractions

Words may be contracted in poetry for the sake of rhythm and meter. Such contractions are not otherwise found in writing. These include words like o’er (over), ’tis (it is), ’twas (it was), e’er (ever), and ne’er (never). Note that modern poets do not often require or use poetic contractions.

Examples

  • It ate the food it ne’er had eat,
    And round and round it flew.

  • I, smiling at him, shook my head:
    ’Tis now we’re tired, my heart and I.

  • Gliding o’er all, through all,
    Through Nature, Time, and Space . . .

Note

A contraction is a form of elision, in which sounds or syllables are elided or omitted for ease of speaking or for the sake of meter.

List of standard contractions in English

Here is a list of over 70 commonly used contractions in English.

Standard English Contractions

Contraction Full form
don’t do not
didn’t did not
isn’t is not
wasn’t was not
aren’t are not (also am not)
weren’t were not
hasn’t has not
haven’t have not
hadn’t had not
can’t cannot
couldn’t could not
shan’t shall not
shouldn’t should not
won’t will not
wouldn’t would not
mightn’t might not
mustn’t must not
oughtn’t ought not
needn’t need not
could’ve could have
should’ve should have
would’ve would have
might’ve might have
must’ve must have
I’m I am
you’re you are
she’s she is, she has
he’s he is, he has
it’s it is, it has
we’re we are
they’re they are
I’ve I have
you’ve you have
we’ve we have
they’ve they have
I’ll I will
you’ll you will
he’ll he will
she’ll she will
it’ll it will
we’ll we will
they’ll they will
I’d I had, I would
you’d you had, you would
she’d she had, she would
he’d he had, he would
it’d it had, it would
we’d we had, we would
they’d they had, they would
that’s that is, that has
that’ve that have
that’d that would
which’ve which have
who’s who is, who has
who’re who are
who’ve who have
who’d who had, who would
who’ll who will
what’s what is, what has, what does
what’re what are
what’ll what will
where’s where is, where has
where’d where did
when’s when is, when has
why’s why is, why has
why’d why did
how’s how is, how has
here’s here is
there’s there is, there has
there’ll there will
there’d there had, there would
let’s let us
ma’am madam
o’clock of the clock

Good morning, good afternoon, good evening to you where ever you are in the world! Today we are combining English grammar with English pronunciation because we are talking about contractions in English.

This post will help you with grammar because I’ll be reviewing the common structure and use of contractions in English, or combining two words with an apostrophe, and it will help your English pronunciation because Americans contract the majority of their words in conversations while speaking. So today is what we call a DOUBLE WIN!

In addition to grammar and pronunciation, you will (as always) be improving your reading comprehension with this post and listening skills with my “5 Minute English” video lesson below. If you aren’t familiar with “5 Minute English“, this is a video learning series created by me to help you learn English in just 5 minutes. I know we are all busy, so I hope you can squeeze this into your day or week and will guide you in your learning process.

So without further ado (without waiting anymore), here is your 5 Minute English video lesson: Contractions in English.

When you’ve finished watching the video, you can continue reading for some more details and examples, and don’t forget to practice what you’ve learned by commenting and/or writing your practice sentences in our online classroom documents!

Let’s continue learning below…

What are they?

Contractions are a combination of two words, “held” together by an apostrophe ( ‘ ). The beginning letter(s) of the second word are dropped and replaced by this apostrophe. Some examples are:

  • can + not = can’t
  • she + will = she’ll
  • he + is = he’s
  • they + are = they’re
  • would + have = would’ve

etc..

Why do you need to know them?

As I mention in the video, they’re an important part of not only understanding English more effectively, but also sounding more like a native English speaker. As you may know (or can review here) English has a lot of reductions, links, and changes when spoken. This means that you can study sentences and phrases, only to be confused when you actually hear someone speaking, because they’re nothing like what you studied!  Let’s analyze WHY understanding contractions will help you be a better listener by looking at the sentence in the video:

She’ll tell them when you’re here.

Without knowing contractions, you would have studied: “she will tell them when you are here.” So you analyze the sentence and see the subjects, auxiliaries and verbs, and feel confident, right?! However, when you hear someone say this sentence, you will hear something like:

 “Sheel tellum when yerear”

Yes, English is crazy.

Point of this example, if you are familiar with the words that are commonly contracted and are familiar with how they sound, then you will understand English more effectively (I promise).

On that same note, if you are able to speak in this way (sheel tellum when yerear) then you will sound like a native English speaker, you will begin to master pronunciation, which is exactly what you probably want to do!

I hope I have convinced you of their importance.

Common Contractions: words with….

not

The negative word “not” is often contracted with modals:

can = can’t

would = wouldn’t

could = couldn’t

should = shouldn’t

must = mustn’t  (*not common in American English)

..and other auxiliary verbs in a variety of time tenses :

do = don’t  ||   does = doesn’t  ||  did = didn’t

will = won’t

has = hasn’t  ||  have = haven’t   ||  had = hadn’t

(BE) is = isn’t  ||  are = aren’t   ||  was = wasn’t   ||  were = weren’t

will

The future tense word “will” is often contracted with subjects:

I = I’ll

you = you’ll

he = he’ll

she = she’ll

they = they’ll

we = we’ll

..and sometimes with question words:

what = what’ll

where = where’ll

why = why’ll

who = who’ll

when = when’ll

how = how’ll

**Please note with these question word contractions, they aren’t written and are not often used even when speaking. The most common are: “what’ll” and “who’ll” in conversation**

perfect tenses ( have has had)

In the present and past perfect tenses, we know that we need the auxiliary ‘has/have’ (present perfect) and ‘had’ (past perfect) + past participle. For this structure, contract the auxiliary form of ‘has’ and the subject:

I = I’ve ||  I’d

you = you’ve  ||  you’d

he = he’s ||  he’d

she = she’s || she’d

they = they’ve  ||  they’d

we = we’ve  || we’d

**Please note that for the contractions that can be 2 different words (EX: he’s = he has OR he is), you must look at the word after the contraction. If it’s an adjective, you know it’s HE IS, if it’s a past participle, you know it’s HE HAS**

would

The word would can be contracted with subjects like this:

I = I’d

you = you’d

he = he’d

she = she’d

they = they’d

we = we’d

*As noted before, pay attention to the word(s) that come after the contraction to tell you the meaning (EX: I’d = I had OR I would  → I’d + past participle = I had  OR I’d + base verb = I would)

..with the auxiliary “have” (in past modal expressions):

would’ve

..with question words:

what = what’d

where = where’d

why = why’d

who = who’d

when = when’d  (*not common*)

how = how’d

..or negatively with ‘not’ (see above)

be 

The verb ‘to be’ can be contracted with subjects, such as:

I (am) = I’m

you (are) = you’re

he (is) = he’s

she (is) = she’s

they (are) = they’re

we (are) = we’re

..or with question words with IS:

what = what’s

where = where’s

why = why’s

who = who’s

when = when’s

how = how’s

With the verb ‘to be’, we also reviewed that it can be contracted with ‘not’  (EX: is + not = isn’t). It is your personal choice whether you want to contract the subject + auxiliary or auxiliary + not, both are perfectly OK (EX: He’s not going  VS  He isn’t going).

Are you ready to practice?

In the video, at minute 3:49, you will see 8 practice sentences with a variety of contractions for you to review. You can practice them in the following ways:

  1. write out the whole sentence without a contraction (EX: She isn’t there → She is not there)
  2. listen to my pronunciation and repeat
  3. using the same contractions you see, create new objects and main verbs if you can
  4. create 8 new sentences of your own!

Alright, great job today! You are now 1 step closer to understanding and using English more effectively. WAHOO! 

The learning doesn’t have to stop here! There are many ways to continue learning with me!

If you want to practice your speaking and pronunciation skills with me online, then sign up to join my video group conversation lessons. These group conversation lessons are for a small group of students (4-6) and help you focus on speaking and pronunciation in a more personalized setting.

You can join my waitlist and get more  information ⇒ sign up for that here

I also have a monthly training program for more flexible learning! The Conversation Club helps you, an English learner, review more phrasal verbs, idioms, pronunciation and speaking skills. Sign up here or enter your email below for more information.

Happy Studying! ♥

Do you want to speak more natural and fluent English?

JOIN THE CONVERSATION CLUB AND GET WEEKLY SPEAKING PRACTICE & REAL CONVERSATIONS TO IMPROVE YOUR SPEAKING FLUENCY

The Conversation Club will provide you with 6 group conversation calls to practice with a real teacher and a group message community to connect with other members.

You will also get weekly English lessons to help your vocabulary, listening, reading, pronunciation, and more!

Try the Club for 1 week, free! Join the 1-week free trial here.

In many cases, contractions are a necessary component of everyday life. They may be used in spoken language and informal writing to express an idea in less time or as a fast method to make a point. In formal writing, however, the apostrophe is typically used to indicate contractions, such as: I’m; we’re; and they’re.

A contraction is a word that has been shortened by removing one or more letters. Contractions are commonly used in spoken English and sometimes in formal writing, such as business letters. They are considered informal when they are used in everyday speech, such as in casual conversation and writing on the Internet.

A contraction is a shortened form of two or more words that sound as if they are written as one word. From the earliest days, English has used contractions. Contractions are appropriate in some formal writing situations.

Both, formal and informal contractions can help you to make your speech sound more informal and friendly. Formal contractions are normally used in business and in academic writing. Informal contractions, on the other hand, are used in general conversations among friends.

Contractions List of Words

  • ain’t
  • can’t
  • didn’t
  • doesn’t
  • hadn’t
  • hasn’t
  • he’d
  • he’ll
  • he’s
  • I’d
  • I’ll
  • I’m
  • I’ve
  • isn’t
  • let’s
  • oughtn’t
  • she’d
  • she’ll
  • she’s
  • shouldn’t
  • that’s
  • there’s
  • they’d
  • they’ll
  • they’re
  • they’ve
  • wasn’t
  • we’d
  • we’ll
  • we’re
  • weren’t
  • what’s

What are Informal Contractions?

Informal contractions are shortened forms of words or phrases that are used in everyday speech. They are not considered to be part of standard English and are usually not found in formal writing.

Examples

  • I’m gonna (I am going to)
  • You’re gonna (you are going to)
  • We’re gonna (we are going to)
  • They’re gonna (they are going to)

Informal contractions are a feature of spoken English and don’t always translate well into writing. Using them in formal documents is probably not advisable as you want to be as formal as possible for these types of things. One of the difficulties I find with informal contractions is that we almost need to see it or hear it in order to understand what’s been said.

Read also: Difference between formal and informal language

Informal Contractions without Apostrophe

We don’t use apostrophe (‘) in all the informal contractions. For example,

Do you want ice cream? (Wanna ice cream?)

Unlike formal contraction, the informal contractions are not found in dictionary. These are not slang but spoken largely. 

Some frequently used informal contractions are mentioned here.

Cos (because)

  • I do not buy sweets cos I do not like them.
  • Cos you are freezing, you need to wear several layers.
  • Cos we were running late we couldn’t stop and pick anything up for dinner.

Dunno (Don’t know)

  • I dunno what to do.
  • I dunno why they like that.
  • I dunno where he went.
  • I dunno what to say.
  • I dunno whether to be happy or sad about this.

Gimme (give me)

  • Can you gimme a hand?
  • Gimme some money.
  • Don’t gimme that rubbish.

Gonna (going to)

  • Nothing gonna change my support for you.
  • I’m not gonna tell you.
  • What are you gonna do?

Gotta (have got a)

  • I’ve gotta gun.
  • She hasn’t gotta penny.
  • Have you gotta car?
  • I gotta go now.
  • Have they gotta work?

Init (Isn’t it)

  • That’s smart. Init?
  • Init strange?

Kinda (kind of)

  • She is kinda cute.
  • Are you kinda mad at me?

Lemme (Let me)

  • Lemme go!
  • He didn’t lemme see it.

Wanna (want a / want to)

  • I wanna coffee.
  • I don’t wanna anything from you.
  • I wanna go home.
  • Do you wanna watch TV?

Examples of Contractions

Here are 50 example sentences of contractions:

  1. I ain’t goin’ to the party.
  2. Can’t you see I’m busy?
  3. I didn’t do it!
  4. He doesn’t know anything about it.
  5. Hadn’t we better get going?
  6. She hasn’t been feeling well lately.
  7. He’d better not be late again!
  8. He’ll be here soon, don’t worry.
  9. I’m not sure what to do.
  10. I’ve been meaning to talk to you about that.
  11. I’m going to the store.
  12. He’s a really nice guy.
  13. Didn’t they just get married?
  14. That’s so funny!
  15. They’ll be here soon.
  16. We’re going to the movies tonight.
  17. What’s your favorite food?
  18. When’s your birthday?
  19. Let’s go to the park!
  20. We’re gonna have a good time tonight.
  21. I can’t do it by myself.
  22. He’ll be back in a minute.
  23. There’s somethin’ fishy goin’ on here.
  24. Let’s get outta here!
  25. I’m telling you, she’s crazy!
  26. This food is gross – I wouldn’t eat it if I was you!
  27. I’m not going to do it!
  28. It’s not fair!
  29. I don’t want to go!
  30. I can’t believe you did that!
  31. You’re such an idiot!
  32. I’m meeting John after work today.
  33. She’s going to the store.
  34. They’re staying home tonight.
  35. We’re having pizza for dinner.
  36. You’re welcome.
  37. He’s a great guy.
  38. She’s so happy!
  39. I’m not sure what you mean.
  40. We’re getting married next month!
  41. You’re not going to believe this!
  42. I’m going to the store.
  43. I’ll be back soon.
  44. It’s been a long day.
  45. I’ve been meaning to call you.
  46. You’re not going to believe this!
  47. They’re having a party tonight.
  48. We’re going to be late!
  49. I’d better get going.
  50. I’m sure he’s around here somewhere.
  51. Let’s go grab a bite to eat.

What are Contractions in English Grammar? List & Example SentencesPin

What are Contractions in English Grammar? List & Example Sentences

Contractions are so common that most of us don’t even realize that we’re using them. Since we’re a culture that thrives on efficiency, when two people are speaking to each other, we expect them to use contractions to move the conversation forward.

Remember the scene in Zootopia where the sloths are moving so slowly that the bunny can hardly take it? When people use formal English in spoken interactions, it can feel like this to the listener!

Since we like to move forward with conversations quickly, contractions help speed the dialogue without losing the intended meaning.

What is a Contraction?

contractions_in_english_how_to_use_them_2_img

A contraction is a shortened form of a word.  You make a contraction by taking out letters or sounds and replacing them with an apostrophe.

The most common contractions are made up of verbs, auxiliaries, or modals.

We’re going to talk about abbreviations in detail below, but just so we’re on the right page, common abbreviations in the English language include: Don’t, can’t, I’m, You’re, Wouldn’t, and many more.

Contraction Usage Rules

There are some rules to keep in mind when using contractions, here are the most basic rules to remember when writing:

Don’t Double Up

Even though we might do it when we’re speaking, you cannot double up contractions. So, even if you want to say, should not have, you cannot write shouldn’t’ve. This is only acceptable if you are writing fiction and creating a tone for your writing. If you are writing an academic essay, this is unacceptable. 

There are very rare instances where doubling up contractions is acceptable. For most writings, it’s a safe assumption that you won’t need to use them.

Be Careful About Placement

Most contractions cannot be placed at the end of a sentence. If you are unsure if you can put one at the end, expand the contraction and decide if it makes sense. For example, “If it’s time to go, let’s!” expands to, “if it’s time to go, let us!”. This doesn’t sound right, because it isn’t.

The only time putting contractions at the end of a sentence is allowed is when you’re using negative contractions. “If you were planning on coming, don’t” expands to “If you were planning, do not.”

Know the

contractions_in_english_how_to_use_them_3_img

Be careful of correct usage. Since many contractions are homophones, it can be easy to confuse them with other words.

They’re (they are), their, and there, are commonly confused and misused in writing. It’s, and its is another one. If you are ever worried, you are using the wrong word in a sentence, expand the contraction, and see if it makes sense.

For example, “they’re is the barn” expands into “they are is the barn.” We know that this makes absolutely no sense, so we’re using the wrong word in this sentence.

Apostrophes for Possession

There is another contraction that you should be aware of. It’s the apostrophe we add to show possession of something. Harry’s razor is telling the reader that the razor belongs to harry.

While this is a contraction, it is also possessive. You cannot expand it out to read, “Harry is razor.” That wouldn’t make sense.

Examples of Contractions

There are many common contractions in the English language, so we have compiled them for you. Note that many are conjugations of the form to be.

Contraction Meaning Example
Let’s Let us Let’s watch the fireworks together.
Ain’t* Am not, are not, is not, has not, have not You ain’t see nobody like this before.
Y’all* You all Have y’all been to the new car wash yet?
I’m I am I’m going to eat lunch.
Here’s Here is Here’s the papers you asked for.
You’re You are You’re really good at that!
That’s That is That’s because I studied for the test.
He’s He is He’s a great friend.
It’s It is It’s time to pick up our toys!
She’s She is She’s going to get that scholarship.
We’re We are We’re planning on going next week.
They’re They are They’re never going to win.
I’ll I will I’ll finish that up today.
We’ll We will We’ll have so much fun!
You’ll You will You’ll have to ask your mom.
It’ll It will It’ll take about twenty minutes.
He’ll He will He’ll pay for it!
She’ll She will She’ll ring you up on this register.
I’ve I have I’ve never been here before.
Should’ve Should have I should’ve checked with the teacher first.
You’ve You have You’ve never seen an ice cream sundae like this before.
Could’ve Could have I could’ve done that if you had just asked.
They’ve They have They’ve never been to Disney before.
I’d I would I’d ask your mom first.
We’ve We have We’ve just finished up our chores.
They’d They would They’d leave before it was time to clean up.
You’d You would You’d make a great doctor.
We’d We would We’d like to go to dinner with you.
He’d He would He’d like to ask your daughter to the school dance.
She’d She would She’d always ask before eating a cookie.
Didn’t Did not I didn’t know you knew her.
Don’t Do not Please, don’t touch that.
Doesn’t Does not She looks like a princess, doesn’t she?
Can’t Cannot I can’t come out today.
Isn’t Is not Isn’t that your friend?
Aren’t Are not We aren’t available that day.
Shouldn’t Should not I shouldn’t have gone.
Couldn’t Could not I couldn’t believe my eyes.
Wouldn’t Would not You wouldn’t know it.
Hasn’t Has not She hasn’t come home.
Wasn’t Was not It wasn’t what I expected.
Won’t Will not I won’t be able to come that day.
Weren’t Were not You two were friends, weren’t you?

*A Note About Regional Dialogue

contractions_in_english_how_to_use_them_4_img

Some contractions are only used in specific regions, like the southern states of the United States. These words, like y’all and ain’t, are not usually used by people who are from the northern states.

This dialect feature makes people from these regions unique and binds them together. These words are commonly considered slang, so they shouldn’t be used in writing. 

When Should I Use Contractions?

Contractions are so common in our speech that we often don’t even realize that we’re using them. For this reason, many people don’t even believe there is a time when you shouldn’t use them.

Contractions are very casual and help people understand others, so it’s often regarded as acceptable to use in most forms of writing. The only time you might run into issues with using them is when you are writing something very formal.

Whether it is an essay for a higher-level course, business letters, essays, and more, the only time it’s acceptable to use them in these situations is when you are directly quoting somebody else in your writing. 

In professional situations, it’s commonly advised to avoid contractions on cover letters and essays.

Some people believe that contractions should be avoided at all costs, and while it might be accurate in certain situations, it is not a blanket rule. Consider sending a text message to a friend, “I cannot see you today; I am sorry for inconveniencing you.”

Unless you’re trying to reenact Victorian English dialogue, it sounds way too formal for a conversation with a friend, right?

Conclusion

Contractions are very common in the English language. So common that most people don’t realize how often they use them. Unless you are trying to write a professional piece (like a business letter, for example), contractions are widely accepted in writing. 

There are some things to remember to use them correctly:

  • Don’t double up contractions.
  • Unless it’s negative, never put a contraction at the end of a sentence.
  • Watch out for homophones.
  • Avoid slang like y’all and ain’t in writing.

And remember, whenever you are unsure if you should use a contraction or not, expand the contraction to see if it makes sense in your writing. 

Are you looking for information about writing like this? ArgoPrep has a complete library of English topics (and math!) to help you become a master of the English language.

List of Contraction | 100+ Contraction Words to Use in Writing And Speaking

You’ve probably noticed that the English speakers you hear on TV or in the movies don’t really speak like you or your other non-English speaking friends. You think this is because of  vocabulary, true, but it also has to do with the contraction of words.

List of Contractions in English, Contractions words

Contraction Words

Contraction Definition

That is, using words that are made up of two other words, usually with an apostrophe somewhere in the middle. The contraction in English grammar brings the two words together, and above all transforms your speech into something more natural and less rigid. I give you an example:

  • “I do not think it is a good idea…»
  • “You should not jump in the pool if you cannot swim!»

As an English speaker, we would rather say:

  • «I don’t think it’s a good idea…»
  • “You shouldn’t jump in the pool if you can’t swim!”

Have you noticed the difference (it can be heard mostly orally -Other languages  also have contractions, but they are usually obligatory like the contractions between prepositions and articles in many Romance languages. Almost all contractions in English are optional, except in the word «o’clock.»

In English, it’s perfectly okay to use “it is” or “it’s” the same way, and changing one instead of the other isn’t going to change much. The only thing that might change is the register, or the perceived tone of your speech or writing. As a general rule, you should try not to use contractions in your writing, especially in a formal context. But you should try to use the most common contractions in your oral speech.

Read Also!

How to Form Contractions? 

As you may have noticed in these examples, the contraction in English is usually formed by removing one or two letters from a word, replaced by an apostrophe. And if you can’t remember where the apostrophe is in your writing, think about the original two words and the letters that were removed. This is where you should place your apostrophe!

The contraction in English is very easy to train and use, it’s just a matter of getting used to! Now challenge yourself to use some of these contractions in your conversations with natives and informal email.

List of Contractions Words in English

List of Common Contractions

In the following table, you’ll find a list of more than 60 contractions in English grammar.

aren’t are not
can’t cannot
couldn’t could not
could’ve could have
didn’t did not
doesn’t does not
don’t

do not

e’er ever
hadn’t had not
hasn’t has not
haven’t have not
he’d he had; he would
he’ll he will; he shall
he’s he is; he has
I’d I had; I would
I’ll I will; I shall
I’m I am
I’ve I have
isn’t is not
it’d it would
it’ll it shall; it will
it’s it is; it has
let’s let us
ma’am madam
mightn’t might not
might’ve might have
mustn’t must not
must’ve must have
‘n’ and
needn’t need not
ne’er never
o’er over
ol’ old
oughtn’t ought not
shan’t shall not
she’d she had; she would
she’ll she will; she shall
she’s she is; she has
shouldn’t should not
should’ve should have
that’d that would
that’s that is; that has
there’d there had; there would
there’ll there shall; there will
there’s there has; there is
they’d they had; they would
they’ll they will; they shall
they’re they are
they’ve they have
’twas it was
wasn’t was not
we’d we had; we would
we’ll we will
we’re we are
we’ve we have
weren’t were not
what’ll what will; what shall
what’re what are
what’s what is; what has; what does
what’ve what have
where’d where did
where’s where is; where has
who’d who had; who would
who’ll who will; who shall
who’s who is; who has
who’ve who have
why’d why did
won’t will not
wouldn’t would not
would’ve would have
you’d you had; you would
you’ll you will; you shall
you’re you are
you’ve you have

List of Contractions of Auxiliaries

Let’s look at this list of  contractions in grammar with the verb to be. Here’s the long version, followed by the contracted version. The examples come immediately after.

  • I am => I’m.
  • You are => you’re .
  • He is => he’s.
  • She is => she’s.
  • It is => it’s.
  • We are => we’re.
  • They are => they’re.

Here are some examples:

  • He’s cooking outside!
  • It’s very hot outside!
  • They’re coming back tomorrow. 

The contractions of auxiliary verbs are:

  • ‘re for are
  • ‘ve for have
  • ‘s for has
  • ‘d for had
  • ‘m for am
  • ‘s for is

List of Contractions of have, to have

We do the contraction of have when there is another verb just after.

  • I have > I’ve.
  • You have > you’ve.
  • He has > he’s.
  • She has > she’s.
  • It has > it’s. He / she has (for objects)
  • We have > we’ve.
  • They have > they’ve.

Examples:

  • She has brown eyes> She’s brown eyes.
  • I am sure I have seen  it before> I’m sure I’ve seen it before

List of Negative Contractions

Negative contractions in grammar is perhaps the most complicated, especially when it comes to will. Not becomes n’t and is placed immediately after the verb, without spaces:

WORDS (negating a verb) CONTRACTION
is not isn’t
are not aren’t
was not wasn’t
were not weren’t
have not haven’t
has not hasn’t
had not hadn’t
will not won’t
would not wouldn’t
do not don’t
does not doesn’t
did not didn’t
cannot can’t
could not couldn’t
should not shouldn’t
might not mightn’t
must not mustn’t

Let’s look at some examples:

  • He won’t be coming. He will not come.
  • You mustn’t do that. You must not do that.
  • I don’t know, I wasn’t there. I don’t know, I wasn’t there..
  • Didn’t you know ?! You did not know ?!

List of contractions of «will»

This contraction is among the easiest, just add ‘ll right after the person, the subject. Let’s not forget that «will» is used to talk about the future in English. Here is the list of contractions of will with the verb go, go (the logic is the same for all other verbs):

  • I will go => I’ll go.
  • You will go => you’ll go.
  • He will go => he’ll go . He will go
  • She will go => she’ll go. She will go
  • It will go => it’ll go. It will be fine
  • We will go => we’ll go. We will go
  • They will go => they’ll go. They will go

Example:

You’ll have to do this. You will have do this.

List of conditional contractions, would be

The contraction of would is also quite simple, just add ‘d. Let’s look at this example with like but the same goes for all the other verbs:

  • I would like => I’d like. I would like
  • You would like => you’d like. You would / you would like
  • He would like => he’d like. He would like
  • She would like => she’d like. She would like to
  • It would like => it’d like. He / she would like (for objects)
  • We would like => we’d like. We would like
  • They would like => they’d like. They would like

For example:

  • He’d rather watch a film. He would rather watch a movie = I would (I’d) rather , you’d rather etc, it’s an expression, a locution, which means to prefer.
  • If I were rich, I’d buy a big house in the USA = If I were rich I would buy a big house in the USA.

Look at these contraction words!

Some contractions are used more than once in English, but how do you tell the difference? Here are some ideas:

  • It’s been raining since I left home. It’s been raining since I left the house. The verb that directly follows the ‘s is the past participle (been of the verb to be ) so it is the contraction of has .
  • What color is your car? It’s blue. What color is your car? She is blue. An adjective follows it’s therefore it is it is .
  • He’s got blue eyes. He has blue eyes. Followed by got, he’s is the contraction of he has .
  • It’s raining. It is raining. The 2nd verb ends in ing so ‘s is the contraction of is .

List of Contractions {Alphabetical}

  • aren’t = are not
  • can’t = cannot
  • couldn’t = could not
  • doesn’t = does not 
  • don’t = do not
  • didn’t = did not 
  • haven’t = have not 
  • hadn’t = had not 
  • hasn’t = has not 
  • let’s = let us
  • might’ve = might have 
  • mustn’t = must not 
  • mightn’t = might not 
  • must’ve = must have 
  • needn’t = need not 
  • she’d = she had / she would 
  • she’ll = she shall, she will 
  • she’s = she has, she is 
  • should’ve = should have 
  • shouldn’t = should not 
  • somebody’s = somebody is 
  • someone’d = someone had, someone would 
  • someone’ll = someone shall, someone will 
  • someone’s = someone has, someone is 
  • something’d = something had
  • something’ll = something shall, something will 
  • something’s = something has, something is 
  • that’ll = that will 
  • that’s = that has, that is 
  • that’d = that would, that had 
  • there’d = there had, there would 
  • there’d’ve = there would have 
  • there’re = there are 
  • there’s = there has / there is 
  • they’d = they would 
  • they’d’ve = they would have 
  • they’ll = they shall, they will 
  • they’re = they are 
  • they’ve = they have 
  • wasn’t = was not 
  • we’d = we had 
  • we’ll = we will 
  • we’re = we are 
  • we’ve = we have 
  • weren’t = were not 
  • what’ll = what will 
  • what’re = what are 
  • what’s = what has / what is 
  • what’ve = what have 
  • when’s = when is 
  • where’d = where did 
  • where’s = where has, where is
  • where’ve = where have 
  • who’d = who would
  • who’d’ve = who would have 
  • who’ll = who shall, who will 
  • who’re = who are 
  • who’s = who has, who is
  • who’ve = who have 
  • why’d = why did 
  • why’re = why are 
  • why’s = why has, why is
  • won’t = will not 
  • won’t’ve = will not have 
  • would’ve = would have 
  • wouldn’t = would not 
  • wouldn’t’ve = would not have 
  • you’d’ve = you would have 
  • you’ll = you shall, you will

List of Contractions with «to»

  • want to = wanna
  • They wanna buy a house
  • have to = hafta
  • We hafta ask for help.
  • has to = hasta
  • He hasta hire an assistant.
  • had to = hadta
  • Julia hadta cook dinner for her kids.
  • used to = useta
  • Carrie useta smoke, but she quit.
  • got to = gotta
  • You’ve gotta keep trying.

A contraction is a word or phrase that has been shortened by dropping one or more letters. In writing, an apostrophe is used to indicate the place of the missing letters. Contractions are commonly used in speech (or written dialogue), informal forms of writing, and where space is at a premium, such as in advertising.

In very formal writing, such as academic papers, grant proposals, or other works that need to appear professional, you may not want to use contractions at all.

Why Do We Use Contractions?

We rely on contractions all the time in normal conversation. When people speak to each other, there is typically an expectation that they will use contractions (can’t, won’t, shouldn’t) whenever they can, as doing so saves time.

Some people are under the impression that contractions should never appear in writing, but this belief is mistaken. The use of contractions is directly related to tone.

In informal writing (from text messages and blogs to memos and personal essays), we often rely on contractions to maintain a colloquial tone. In more formal writing assignments (such as academic reports or term papers), avoiding contractions is a way of establishing a more serious tone.

Before deciding whether to use contractions in a writing assignment, consider your audience and your purpose for writing.

The Contractive Apostrophe

In telescoped words and phrases (e.g., doesn’t, there’s, sou’wester), an apostrophe marks the spot where one or more letters have been omitted. It is not necessarily where the words have been joined together. This apostrophe is also known as the contractive apostrophe.

Some people, including the Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw, have been in favor of eliminating apostrophes entirely. Shaw called them «uncouth bacilli,» though it’s unlikely that Shaw’s analogy to bacteria will help the apostrophe go away anytime soon.

Contracted Nouns and Pronouns

In casual conversation, contractions involving nouns are fairly common («My dad’ll be home soon»). In writing, however, they’re much rarer than contractions with pronouns such as I’ll, he’d, and she’s. You can contract proper nouns to mean is or has, such as in the sentence «Shelly’s coming with us,» or «Jeff’s bought a new computer.» Watch out for the homonyms who’s and whose; the contraction is «who is» or «who has,» and the whole word is possessive, as in «Whose car is that?» And of course, if you’re visiting the South, you’ll likely hear the colloquial «y’all» for «you all.»

Negative Contractions and Verb Contractions

Contractions are often made with auxiliary, or helping, verbs, such as to be, do, have, and can. We can say «it isn’t raining» or «it’s not raining.» But we cannot say «it’sn’t raining.» In negative clauses, we have a choice between using negative contractions like not (n’t) and contracting the pronoun and verb (it’s). But we can’t do both.

Contracting ‘Not’

The contracted form of not (n’t) can be attached to finite forms of the helping verbs be, do, and have. However, amn’t (mainly Scottish and Irish) is extremely rare, unlike the disparaged ain’t.

The n’t form can also be attached to most of the modal auxiliaries such as can’t, couldn’t, mustn’t, shouldn’t, won’t, and wouldn’t. Yet, you won’t hear many Americans saying mayn’t or shan’t; even those contractions are too formal.

Contractions in Tag Questions

A tag question is a short question added to the end of a declarative sentence, usually to make sure that something has been done or understood. For example, «It’s a tag question, isn’t it

Because of their colloquial nature, negative tags are commonly contracted: didn’t we? haven’t you? aren’t they? This is much less formal than did not we? or did we not?

Ambiguous Contractions

Most contractions ending in ‘d and ‘s are ambiguous. The ‘d can represent either had or would‘s can represent either has or is. All the same, the meaning of these contractions is usually clear from their context. For instance, «Sam’s finished his term paper» implies completion in the past (Sam has finished), while «Sam’s tired» is in the present tense, meaning Sam is.

Multiple Contractions

They may look odd in print, but certain multiple contractions such as I’d’ve (or I’d’a) and wouldn’t’ve are fairly common in speech. We like shortcuts, so it’s easy to say something like, «If I’d’ve told you the real reason, you probably wouldn’t’ve come back with me.» Quite often, we don’t even notice it. The words just run together as we talk.

Under the category of rarities, there are a few double and even triple contracted nautical terms. These include words like bo’s’n (short for boatswain) and fo’c’s’le (a variant of forecastle), words that landlubbers can probably live without.

Before you start recklessly sprinkling apostrophes everywhere, make sure you’re not putting an apostrophe plus s on something that should actually be plural: i.e., the greengrocer’s apostrophe.

Aphaeresis, Syncope, and Apocope

Another common type of linguistic shortening (or elision) is the omission of certain sounds or letters from an individual word.

In phonetics, elision at the beginning of a word (for instance, gator from alligator) is called aphaeresis. In the middle of a word (ma’am from madam), it is a syncope. When it appears at the end of a word (ad from advertisement), we call it an apocope.

Aphaeresis and apocope can occur together, as in flu—a clipped form of influenza.

Standard Contractions in English

In the following table, you’ll find a list of more than 70 contractions in English.

aren’t are not
can’t cannot
couldn’t could not
could’ve could have
didn’t did not
doesn’t does not
don’t

do not

e’er ever
hadn’t had not
hasn’t has not
haven’t have not
he’d he had; he would
he’ll he will; he shall
he’s he is; he has
I’d I had; I would
I’ll I will; I shall
I’m I am
I’ve I have
isn’t is not
it’d it would
it’ll it shall; it will
it’s it is; it has
let’s let us
ma’am madam
mightn’t might not
might’ve might have
mustn’t must not
must’ve must have
‘n’ and
needn’t need not
ne’er never
o’er over
ol’ old
oughtn’t ought not
shan’t shall not
she’d she had; she would
she’ll she will; she shall
she’s she is; she has
shouldn’t should not
should’ve should have
that’d that would
that’s that is; that has
there’d there had; there would
there’ll there shall; there will
there’s there has; there is
they’d they had; they would
they’ll they will; they shall
they’re they are
they’ve they have
’twas it was
wasn’t was not
we’d we had; we would
we’ll we will
we’re we are
we’ve we have
weren’t were not
what’ll what will; what shall
what’re what are
what’s what is; what has; what does
what’ve what have
where’d where did
where’s where is; where has
who’d who had; who would
who’ll who will; who shall
who’s who is; who has
who’ve who have
why’d why did
won’t will not
wouldn’t would not
would’ve would have
you’d you had; you would
you’ll you will; you shall
you’re you are
you’ve you have

Informal contractions are shortened forms of words or phrases commonly used in spoken English, but less often in formal written English. They are usually created by combining two words and omitting one or more letters.

What is A Contraction?

A contraction is a shortened form of a word or words that combine to make a single, more concise word. Contractions are often used in spoken and written language to make communication faster and easier. Contractions are created by combining two words and removing one or more letters, often by combining an auxiliary verb with a pronoun, noun, or adverb. For example, “I am” can be contracted to “I’m,” and “you are” can be contracted to “you’re.” In written English, contractions are typically indicated by an apostrophe, which marks the missing letters. Contractions can be either formal or informal, and the choice of which to use depends on the context and audience.

Here is a list of common informal contractions used in spoken English:

  • I’m (I am)
  • Don’t (Do not)
  • Can’t (Can not)
  • Won’t (Will not)
  • Ain’t (Am not, is not, are not, has not, have not)
  • Gonna (Going to)
  • Should’ve (Should have)
  • Could’ve (Could have)
  • Wanna (Want to)
  • Would’ve (Would have)
  • Ya (You)
  • ‘ll (will)
  • ‘d (would)
  • ‘ve (have)
  • ‘s (is, has)
  • Let’s (let us)
  • It’s (it is)
  • I’ll (I will)
  • You’ll (you will)
  • He’ll (He will)
  • She’ll (She will)
  • They’ll (They will)
  • We’ll (We will)
  • I’d (I would)
  • You’d (You would)
  • He’d (He would)
  • She’d (She would)
  • They’d (They would)
  • We’d (We would)
  • I’ve (I have)
  • You’ve (You have)
  • He’s (He has)
  • She’s (She has)
  • They’ve (They have)
  • We’ve (We have)

It’s worth noting that these contractions are more common in spoken language, they are less frequent in formal writing, and should be used with caution in professional or academic settings.

Examples of Informal Contractions

Contractions Formed from Auxiliary Verbs

Contractions formed from auxiliary verbs are a common type of contraction in English. Here are some examples:

  • “I am” becomes “I’m”
  • “You are” becomes “You’re”
  • “He is” becomes “He’s”
  • “She is” becomes “She’s”
  • “It is” becomes “It’s”
  • “We are” becomes “We’re”
  • “They are” becomes “They’re”
  • “Will not” becomes “won’t”
  • “Shall not” becomes “shan’t”
  • “Have not” becomes “haven’t”

Contractions Formed from Negation

Contractions formed from negation are another common type of contraction in English. Here are some examples:

  • “Do not” becomes “don’t”
  • “Does not” becomes “doesn’t”
  • “Did not” becomes “didn’t”
  • “Is not” becomes “isn’t”
  • “Are not” becomes “aren’t”
  • “Has not” becomes “hasn’t”
  • “Have not” becomes “haven’t”
  • “Had not” becomes “hadn’t”
  • “Will not” becomes “won’t”
  • “Shall not” becomes “shan’t”

Contractions Formed from Prepositions

Contractions formed from prepositions are another common type of contraction in English. Here are some examples:

  • “I will” becomes “I’ll”
  • “He would” becomes “He’d”
  • “She would” becomes “She’d”
  • “We will” becomes “We’ll”
  • “They would” becomes “They’d”
  • “I have” becomes “I’ve”
  • “You have” becomes “You’ve”
  • “He has” becomes “He’s”
  • “She has” becomes “She’s”
  • “It has” becomes “It’s”

Contractions Formed from Pronouns

Contractions formed from pronouns are another common type of contraction in English. Here are some examples:

  • “I am” becomes “I’m”
  • “You are” becomes “You’re”
  • “He is” becomes “He’s”
  • “She is” becomes “She’s”
  • “It is” becomes “It’s”
  • “We are” becomes “We’re”
  • “They are” becomes “They’re”
  • “I will” becomes “I’ll”
  • “He would” becomes “He’d”
  • “She would” becomes “She’d”

How to Use Informal Contractions

Here are some tips for using these contractions in English:

  • Know the context: Informal contractions are generally used in casual, informal situations such as conversations with friends, family, or close colleagues. Avoid using informal contractions in more formal settings such as academic writing, professional correspondence, or business meetings.
  • Know your audience: When speaking with people you are less familiar with, it’s best to err on the side of caution and avoid using too many contractions.
  • Use them naturally: Informal contractions should sound natural and not forced in speech. Use contractions that come naturally to you and don’t try to use them just for the sake of it.
  • Avoid overusing contractions: Overusing contractions can make speech sound informal and unprofessional. Use a balanced mix of contractions and full forms to maintain a natural flow of speech.
  • Practice speaking: To get comfortable using informal contractions, practice speaking with friends or family members in casual conversations. This will help you develop a natural feel for using contractions in everyday speech.

Informal contractions | Images

Informal Contractions

Informal Contractions

Informal Contractions

Useful List of Informal Contractions in English 1

Useful List of Informal Contractions in English 2

Useful List of Informal Contractions in English 3

As you can tell from the term, contractions are used in English grammar to compress words or sentences. A contraction lowers the length of a word or phrase by omitting letters. In written texts, an apostrophe is used to indicate missing letters. You will learn more about the importance of it along with some examples here. In this article, you will learn the basics and importance of contractions in English grammar.

What are Contractions in English Grammar?

We come across contractions in our daily lives. Contractions are frequently used in casual writings and casual speaking. Verbs are frequently at the heart of any contraction. “Shouldn’t” is an instance of a contraction.

It’s the abbreviated version of the term “should not”. Here you can see that the “o” letter is missing and the word is smaller now with an addition of an apostrophe. Now, that you know the contractions meaning in English grammar, let’s move on to the next section on why we use them.

Why Do We Use Contractions?

Every day, we converse with others and utilise contractions. These words reduce the amount of time we spend speaking. The fewer words make it easier for individuals to get to the essence of the topic.

Hearing contractions mispronounced leads to grammatical errors. When spoken quickly, for instance, may sound like words. It might be perplexing for pupils to learn English as a second language. These students assume the terms “would of” and “would’ve” produce it as “would’ve.”

When to Use Contractions?

Contractions, according to certain writers, have no place in any written language. These folks don’t realise that the way you employ them affects the tone of your voice. They are used in informal writing to produce a more appealing tone of speech. A professional piece of writing, on the other hand, needs an authoritative tone.

The tone of voice you want to use in your content says a lot. Is your target audience welcoming? Is it a sombre occasion? It’s crucial to know who you’re attempting to speak with. Consider your intended readers before writing something with them.

Different Types of Contractions

Contractions Using Nouns and Pronouns

The greatest location to hear a contracted term uttered is in a casual conversation. When placed next to a verb, a noun can form part of a contraction. We frequently hear a word like mom used in conjunction with the verb will. A contracted noun is something like “Mom’ll.” In writing, we seldom use this form of contraction.

In writing, however, contracted pronouns are more common. Pronoun contractions include I’ll, He’d, and He’s. Words like “is” and “has” combine pronouns.

Also Read: How to Learn English Through Movies? How to Learn English Quickly?

Ambiguous Contractions

When reading, you may come across an unclear contraction. Without the correct context, they might be perplexing. It would be hard to know whether “he’d” referred to the sentence “he would” or “he had” without context. The letters “s” and “d” are commonly used to conclude ambiguous contractions.

Examples

# She’s 5 years old.

# She’s got 100 dollars in her account.

“She’s” signifies “she is” in the first line. In this context, “she has” makes no sense at all. “She’s” alludes to “she has” in the second phrase. The second option is wrong.

Informal Contractions

When individuals speak casually, their words are shorter. These terms are frequently misunderstood as slang. We frequently hear individuals using terms like “gonna to” in casual contexts. This word came about as a result of people pronouncing “going to” very quickly.

Apostrophes are not required for informal contractions. In the United States of America, they are increasingly common.

# Whatcha gonna do?

# The girl’s kinda cute.

Also Read: The Formula of Present Perfect Continuous Tense: Facts and Rules to Know

Contractions Examples List

Find all the contractions that are used while speaking and writing in the table below:

Contraction Word

a’ight

alright

ain’t

am not / is not / are not / has not / have not / did not (colloquial)

amn’t

am not

arencha

aren’t you / are not you (colloquial)

aren’t

are not

‘bout

about

can’t

cannot

cap’n

captain

’cause

because

’cept

except

could’ve

could have

couldn’t

could not

couldn’t’ve

could not have

dammit

damn it

daren’t

dare not / dared not

daresn’t

dare not

dasn’t

dare not

didn’t

did not

doesn’t

does not

don’t

do not / does not

dunno

don’t know/do not know

d’ye

do you/did you

e’en

even

e’er

ever

’em

them

everybody’s

everybody is

everyone’s

everyone is

fo’c’sle

forecastle

’gainst

against

g’day

good day

gimme

give me

giv’n

given

gi’z

give us (colloquial, meaning: give me)

gonna

going to

gon’t

go not (colloquial)

gotta

got to

hadn’t

had not

had’ve

had have

hasn’t

has not

haven’t

have not

he’d

he had / he would

he’ll

he shall / he will

helluva

hell of a

he’s

he has / he is

here’s

here is

how’d

how did / how would

howdy

how do you do / how do you fare

how’ll

how will

how’re

how are

how’s

how has / how is / how does

I’d

I had / I would

I’d’ve

I would have

I’d’nt

I would not

I’d’nt’ve

I would not have

I’ll

I shall / I will

I’m

I am

Imma

I am about to/I am going to

I’m’o

I am going to

innit

isn’t it

Ion

I don’t / I do not

I’ve

I have

isn’t

is not

it’d

it would

it’ll

it shall / it will

it’s

it has / it is

Idunno

I don’t know

kinda

kind of

let’s

let us

ma’am

madam

mayn’t

may not

may’ve

may have

methinks

I think

mightn’t

might not

might’ve

might have

mustn’t

must not

mustn’t’ve

must not have

must’ve

must have

‘neath

beneath

needn’t

need not

nal

and all

ne’er

never

o’clock

of the clock

o’er

over

ol’

old

oughtn’t

ought not

‘round

around

‘s

is, has, does, or us

shalln’t

shall not (archaic)

shan’t

shall not

she’d

she had / she would

she’ll

she shall / she will

she’s

she has / she is

should’ve

should have

shouldn’t

should not

shouldn’t’ve

should not have

somebody’s

somebody has / somebody is

someone’s

someone has / someone is

something’s

something has / something is

so’re

so are (colloquial)

so’s

so is / so has

so’ve

so have

that’ll

that shall / that will

that’re

that are

that’s

that has / that is

that’d

that would / that had

there’d

there had / there would

there’ll

there shall / there will

there’re

there are

there’s

there has / there is

these’re

these are

these’ve

these have

they’d

they had / they would

they’ll

they shall / they will

they’re

they are / they were

they’ve

they have

this’s

this has / this is

those’re

those are

those’ve

those have

‘thout (

without

’til

until

’tis

it is

to’ve

to have

’twas

it was

‘tween

between

’twere

it were

wanna

want to

wasn’t

was not

we’d

we had / we would/ we did

we’d’ve

we would have

we’ll

we shall / we will

we’re

we are

we’ve

we have

weren’t

were not

whatcha

What are you (whatcha doing?)

what about you (as in asking how someone is today, used as a greeting)

what’d

what did

what’ll

what shall / what will

what’re

what are/what were

what’s

what has / what is / what does

what’ve

what have

when’s

when has / when is

where’d

where did

where’ll

where shall / where will

where’re

where are

where’s

where has / where is / where does

where’ve

where have

which’d

which had / which would

which’ll

which shall / which will

which’re

which are

which’s

which has / which is

which’ve

which have

who’d

who would / who had / who did

who’d’ve

who would have

who’ll

who shall / who will

who’re

who are

who’s

who has / who is / who does

who’ve

who have

why’d

why did

why’re

why are

why’s

why has / why is / why does

willn’t

will not (archaic)

won’t

will not

wonnot

will not (archaic)

would’ve

would have

wouldn’t

would not

wouldn’t’ve

would not have

y’at

you at

yes’m

yes ma’am / yes madam

yessir

yes sir

you’d

you had / you would

you’ll

you shall / you will

you’re

you are

you’ve

you have

Also Read: Pronunciations You Should Avoid: Tips to Work on English Pronunciation

What is the Importance of Contractions in Grammar?

Despite the fact that thousands of words are contracted every day, we’ll concentrate on only one today: “not.”

But first, there are two things to keep in mind. The first is that not using contractions might indicate that you are not a native English speaker. This is due to the frequency with which contractions are employed.

Number two, and most crucially, not using contractions indicates to your audience that you are attempting to emphasise the words you are speaking. This implies that if you don’t contract “not,” for example, you’re emphasising the negative word, implying that you’re angry, unhappy, or otherwise negative.Conclusion

Whether you’ve been learning English for a long period of time or are just getting started, you’ve probably heard a lot of native English speakers use contractions.

When it comes to learning and comprehending English, contractions, or shorter variants of a word created by substituting a letter or sounds with an apostrophe (‘), are extremely significant. Using these shorter terms will improve your ability to comprehend a conversation and suggest that you have a greater degree of pronunciation fluency.

If you want to learn more about English language basics, visit The Fluent Life now!

Also Read: Trick to be Fluent in English: Why is Fluency so Important?

Понравилась статья? Поделить с друзьями:
  • Continuous text in word
  • Continuous tables in word
  • Continuous page in word
  • Continuous bag of word
  • Continue в excel что это