Complete the text use the following words and word combinations high school diploma education

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Text
1

Elementary Schools, High Schools and Institutions of Higher Learning

There
are eight years of elementary schooling. The elementary school is
followed by four years of secondary school, or high school. Often the
last two years of elementary and the first years of secondary school
are combined into a junior high school.

The
school year is nine months in length, beginning early in September
and continuing until about the first of June, with a vacation of week
or two at Christmas time and sometimes a shorter one in spring. There
are slight variations from place to place. Students enter the first
grade at the age of six and attendance is compulsory in most states
until the age of sixteen or until the student has finished the eighth
grade.

The
elementary schools tend to be small. The high schools are generally
larger and accommodate pupils from four or five elementary schools. A
small town generally has several elementary schools and one high
school. In some rural communities the one-room country school house
still exists. Here may be found from five to twenty-five pupils in
grades one through eight, all taught by the same teacher.

Admission
to the American high school is automatic on completion of the
elementary school. During the four-year high school program the
student studies four or five major subjects per year, and classes in
each of these subjects meet for an hour a day, five days a week. In
addition, the student usually has classes in physical education,
music, and art several times a week. If he fails a course, he repeats
only that course and not the work of the entire year. Students must
complete a certain number of courses in order to receive a diploma,
or a certificate of graduation.

Institutions
of higher learning supported by pub­lic funds are not absolutely
free. The state colleges and universities charge a fee for tuition or
registration. This fee is higher for those who come from outside the
state. Working one’s way through college is commonplace.

Usually
there is no admission examination required by a state university for
those who have finished high school within the state. Sometimes a
certain pattern of high school studies is necessary, however, and
some state universities require a certain scholastic average, or
average of high school grades.

Private
colleges and universities, especially the larger, well-known ones
such as Harvard, Princeton, and Yale, have rigid scholastic
requirements for entrance, including an examination.

It
usually takes four years to meet the requirements for a Bachelor of
Arts or Bachelor of Science degree. A Master of Arts or Master of
Science degree may be obtained in one or two additional years. The
highest academic degree is the Doctor of Philosophy. It may take any
number of years to complete the original research work necessary to
obtain this degree.

1. Remember the words and word-combinations:

2.
Find sentences with the following words and phrases in the text and
translate them into Russian:

vacation,
attendance is compulsory, to accommodate, rural community, a one-room
country school house, to be taught by the same teacher, admission to
school, major subjects, to receive a diploma, a fee for tuition.

3.
Find sentences that give the information about:

a)
the school year;

b)
a one-room country school house;

c)
the subjects studied at high school;

d)
fee for tuition;

e)
academic degrees.

4.
Find answers to the following questions in the text:

1)
When does the school year begin?

2)
Are elementary schools big or small?

3)
Do one-room country school houses still exist in the USA?

Text
2

School
Curriculum

From
Hawaii to Delaware, from Alaska to Louisiana, each of the 50 states
in the USA has its own laws regu­lating education. From state to
state some laws are simi­lar, others are not. For example, all
states require young people to attend school (the age limits vary:
seven to six­teen, six to eighteen, etc.).

Though
there is no national curriculum in the United States, certain
subjects are taught across the country. Almost every elementary
school provides instruction in these subjects: mathematics, lan­guage
arts (a subject that includes reading, grammar, composition and
literature), penmanship, science, so­cial studies (a subject that
includes history, geography, citizenship and economics), music, art
and physical education.

In
many elementary schools, courses in the use of computers have been
introduced. And in some cases, a foreign language is offered in the
upper elemen­tary school. Not all schools offer any foreign
language course, if they do, it usually lasts for no longer than half
a year. In general, it is not necessary to study a for­eign
language to get a high school diploma. But if one plans to enter a
college or university, one should study a foreign language for no
less than two years.

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Ответ:

1. Give the Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

the course of studies — курс обучения;

primary school — начальная школа;

secondary school — средняя школа;

previously — ранее;

creche — ясли;

lyceum — лицей;

gymnasium — гимназия;

free of charge — бесплатно;

curriculum — программа обучения;

demand — спрос, востребованность;

to adapt — адапировать(ся);

to extend — продлевать;

to conduct — проводить;

transition — переход;

vocational school — профессионально-техническое училище;

higher school — высшая школа;

competitive — конкурентоспособный;

ability — способность;

to be involved in — участвовать в;

postgraduate courses — курсы повышения квалификации/послевузовское образование