Complete the sentences with a word or phrase from the box exhaust fumes global warming

Test Unit 6

A Complete the sentences with a word or phrase from the box.
exhaust fumes global warming gone green pollution resources rubbish solar
1 Most cities have a lot of air and noise _________
2 Sunny countries can get electricity from ________ power.
3 We need to make cars that produce no _________
4 ________ is causing strange weather patterns around the world.
5 If you haven’t already _______ it’s high time you did!
6 I really hate it when people throw their _______ in the street.
7 Some countries have very few _______ and they depend on importing food and other things from other countries.

B Choose the best answer.
1 Factories often give off / up a lot of fumes.
2 If we are not careful, many animals will soon die out / extinct.
3 Now that I have a PC, I have cut down on / run out of the amount of paper I use.
4 The panda is a(n) endangered / dangerous species.
5 In last summer’s hurricane / heatwave temperatures reached 45 degrees!
6 Are you coming / going anywhere this summer?
7 When was the last time a volcano / flood erupted?

C Choose the best answer.
1 What will you be doing / will you do ten years from now?
2 Do you think it is going to be / will have been very cold this weekend?
3 By 2020, we will have driven / will be driving more environmentally friendly cars.
4 In 20 years’ time more animals will have become / will be becoming extinct.
5 I’m meeting / I will meet Amanda in an hour.
6 My flight is leaving / leaves in an hour.
7 I’ll email you until / as soon as I have any news.

D Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the word in brackets.
1 I intend to stop using paper altogether. (going) I ________ using paper altogether.
2 Do you have any plans for the weekend? (are) What _______ at the weekend?
3 First call Tony and then call George. (before) Call Tony ______ call George.
4 I predict another hot summer. (is) I think this summer ________ hot.

E Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs given.
1 Don’t forget to give Dan the message when he __________ (get) home.
2 Can you check my diary? What __________ I __________ (do) at three o’clock?
3 I’m afraid I haven’t looked at your assignment, As soon as I see Rita, I __________ (invite) her to dinner tonight.
4 The train __________ (get) in at 3.30, so we should be home by 4.00.
5 It’s all arranged. We __________ (pick) Mary up outside the museum at five o’clock.

F Make sentences with the prompts using the future continuous or perfect form.
1 What/you/do/ four o’clock?
2 Scientists/develop/new types of food/by 2020.
3 What/you/do/this time next week?
4 When/you/definitely/finish/the work by?
5 you/eat/with us/this evening
6 Where/we/stay/in Madrid/next month?

G Read the article from which some sentences have been taken out. Choose the correct sentences A–E to fill the gaps.

High Tech Dining

Going out for a meal is one of life’s biggest pleasures. (1) ___ We choose restaurants according to the atmosphere, the type of food, the service and, of course, our budget. Soon, however, there may be another factor that helps us choose a restaurant, and that is technology!

We know that high technology is already involved in food preparation, and chefs have a wide range of kitchen gadgets to make better dishes, more efficiently. We shall soon be discovering that technology has an importance in the actual dining experience itself. Some restaurants have already understood the need for this and have introduced some amazing new ideas. These will probably become quite normal in the future. In just a few years, paper menus may well be a thing of the past. We’ll be using the table top as a computer screen, and pictures of the different meals available will appear on our empty plates for us to choose from. (2) ___ We’ll be communicating directly with the kitchen and there will be no need for waiters to take our orders. This will reduce the time we have to wait and also reduce the possibility of human error when taking orders. (3) ___.

Technology like this will be good for restaurants that need diners to eat quickly and move on, allowing other people to take their places. It’s easy to see why – they will make more money! (4) ___ Getting the correct meal quickly is important, but surely this introduction of high tech ordering will mean that many waiters will lose their jobs. One restaurant in Germany has already got rid of the need for any waiters at all by putting in a mini roller coaster which delivers meals directly from the kitchen! Another point to consider is that at certain restaurants people do not always want to rush. Diners want to take their time and enjoy the interaction with waiters.(5) ___ Many experts believe that normal restaurants will have changed dramatically by the year 2020. And whether we see interactive dining as adventurous and fun or a sad end to a great tradition, it is something that we shall all have to accept.

A We’ll also be able to order directly from our tables, tapping in codes on virtual keyboards on the tables.
B However, is it necessarily going to be a good thing for us?
C As we have already seen, however, technology touches nearly every aspect of our lives and it is inevitable that restaurants will change soon. It’s simply a question of when.
D How many times have you got the wrong meal because the busy waiter either didn’t write down your order or wrote it down incorrectly?
E Whether it’s a pizza at the local Italian restaurant or fine dining at a top hotel, we all love the experience of going out to eat.

H Write an essay about global problems (GP) (200 – 250 words).

What global problems are? Is it a controversial problem?
Causes of beginning the problems?
What GP are the most serious nowadays?
Are they getting worse or better?
The ways of solving these problems.

CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR FCE

52. Nature and environment

CFC	unleaded petrol	endangered	tidal energy	ozone layer	natural resources
desertification	fumes	greenhouse effect	pollution	acid rain	extinct
global warming	fossil fuels	rainforest	solar power	wildlife	recycle
bottle bank	ecological

1	________ falling on forests has killed a lot of trees in the last 20 years.
2	The council is encouraging us to ________ more household rubbish.
3	Factories and vehicles produce a lot of dangerous ________.
4	________ of the atmosphere has increased over the last 50 years, making the environment very dirty.
5	The effect of gases in the earth’s atmosphere is preventing the earth from losing heat; this is called the ________.
6	When ________ gases are released into the atmosphere, they rise slowly.
7	The hole in the ________ is getting larger every year.
8	If ________ continues, there is a danger that the polar ice-cap will start to melt.
9	We take all our empty bottles to the ________ so that the glass can be used again.
10	Long periods of drought have brought about the ________ of whole areas of central Africa.
11	Tigers, whales and panda bears are all ________ species.
12	People are worried that soon whales will become ________.
13	We should use fewer ________ such as oil and coal, and look to other energy sources such as ________ and ________.

cactus	fir	rose	salmon	bee	swan
seaweed	squid	owl	peacock	marigold	ladybird
palm	human	lily	shark	parrot	squirrel
crab	seagull	bamboo	lobster	tulip	orchid
trout	butterfly	crow	wasp	bat	snail
cedar	hedgehog	leopard	daffodil	eagle	octopus
deer	dolphin	whale	oak	penguin	oyster
mushroom	beetle	worm	ant	poppy	daisy

Mammals		Birds
insects and invertebrates		Flowers
Trees and other plants		Sea and river creatures

Can you think of any other words to put
into these boxes?

1	A _____ in the hand is worth two in the bush. (b)
2	How do I know? A little _____ told me! (b)
3	He seems inoffensive, but actually he’s a ______ in sheep’s clothing (w)
4	He walked to school at a _____’s pace. (s)
5	She was so nervous before the exam she had _____ in her stomach. (b)
6	Don’t count your _____ before they’re hatched! (c)
7	I can’t get her to agree; she’s as stubborn as a ____ . (m)
8	The new airport is a complete white ____(e)
9	Don’t puzzle me; I hate it when you try to_____ me. (f)
10	Our company is having some serious financial problems. We’re a lame _____ at the moment. (d)
11	It’s been a long time since he came here. We haven’t seen him for ________’s years! (d)
12	It was a difficult problem, but he decided to take the _____ by the horns and tell his father he was leaving the family firm. (b)

ANSWER KEY

waste –
protect – pollution – factory – recycled – emissions – damage —
environmentalists

1. During the last hundred years we have done great……..to the environment.
2. There’s a large chemical……..in our town which has polluted the river twice in the last year.
3. The Government is very worried about the ……..of our rivers and beaches.
4. A lot of household……..like bottles and newspapers can be……..and used again.
5…………are furious with the American Government for delaying measures which will reduce greenhouse gas………
6. There are lots of things we can all do to ……..the environment.

2.- What causes the damage.

Use these words to
complete the sentences:

exhaust fumes — toxic waste – emissions —  pesticides – deforestation — crops

1. The Government is introducing strict new rules on the dumping of …………. by industry.
2. Farmers contribute to environmental damage by spraying …….. with …………. which stay in the soil for years.
3. ………….. from factories in northern Germany affect the environment in large parts of Scandinavia.
4. Tropical rainforests have always helped to keep the environment in balance but recent ………… means they no longer absorb as much carbon dioxide as they used to.
5. …….. from cars and other vehicles cause a great deal of damage to the environment. 

3.- Match the numbers with the letters to make common
expressions:

1. global
2. greenhouse
3. ozone
4. acid

a. rain
b. warming
c. effect
d. layer

4. Now
use the phrases in the following sentences:  

1.- The gradual
rise in the Earth’s temperature is known as ______________.

2.- When heat
gets trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere, it is known as the ________________.

3.- Scientists have found holes in the ____________________,
particularly over Antarctica.

4.- Rain mixed with toxic chemicals from factories is
known as _______________.

5.- Global warming

Use these words to
complete the text:

floods —  radiation —  Ice caps — sea level  — oceans – climate – deserts — gases

Scientists have shown that the temperature on Earth is
increasing by 0.1º every ten years. That’s one degree every century. The (1)__________ 
that are produced by factories and cars are allowing more (2)_________ from
the sun to reach Earth. In the future this will have very serious consequences
for humanity.

As the Earth gets hotter, the Arctic and Antarctic (3)__________ will slowly melt and the level of the (4)_________ will
rise. A recent report says that the (5)__________ will rise by 70 metres
over the next hundred years, causing (6)__________ in many low-lying parts
of the world.

There will be (7)__________ changes, too. Some
areas will become wetter while others will become much drier. Some areas which
today are green and fertile will eventually turn into (8)_________. Tropical
diseases like malaria will become common in areas where today they are
unknown.

6.- Environmental Problems

Use these expressions to complete the text.

natural
habitats – in danger of extinction – long-term – natural resources – way of
life – indigenous people – destruction – future generations

The (1)__________ of the rainforest is very
worrying. Thousands of acres of forest are being cut down every year and the
(2)_____________ of many animals are being destroyed. As a result,
many species are (3)___________________________.

This, in turn, threatens the traditional (4)_____________ of many of the (5)______________ who live in some of the most
remote areas of our planet. As with most environmental issues, we need to think
more (6)__________ and realise that everything we do has implications
for (7)___________________.

If we want to
hand on our world to our children and grandchildren, we simply can’t continue
to misuse the world’s (8)_________________ as we are at the moment.

7. Do the same with this text:

heavily polluted – uninhabitable – cloud of pollution
– air quality

The (9)__________ in many of the world’s
largest cities is so poor that we have seen an enormous increase in chest and
lung illnesses such as asthma. These cities are (10)____________
and some are permanently covered by a (11)______________. Unless
we begin to take the problems more seriously and start to do something about
them, many of our biggest cities, particularly in the developing world will
become (12)____________.

8.- Protecting the
Environment

Match a word on the left with a word on the right to make common
expressions:

1. unleaded                                           a.
bank

2. public                                                b. friendly 

3. recycling                                           c.
energy

4. bottle                                                d.
point

5. environmentally                                e. transport

6.
renewable                                         f. petrol

9. If you want to protect the environment, here are some
things you should do. Use the expressions above.

1.- Make sure your car runs on ________________ and
your home uses sources of renewable energy.

2.- Use ______________ instead of taking your
car.

3.- Take glass, paper and plastic to a _____________________.

4.- Buy _________________________ products
whenever possible.

10.- Green Politics

Use a dictionary to fill the gaps below:

noun                                       adjective                                              person

environment                        ______________                                   _____________

ecology                                  _____________                                   ______________

11. Conservationists. Campaign to protect the environment.

In
most countries there are political parties which aim to protect the environment
— the Green Party
or the Ecology Party, for example. Greenpeace is . an international group that protests
against anything which is a threat to the environment, like dumping nuclear
waste and, more recently, growing genetically modified crops.

Are you worried about the environment?What worries you
most? Why? What do you do to help protect it? Write a paragraphs answering  the questions.

12.- Natural Disasters

Use the following words in the definitions below:

forest fire – hurricane – tornado – earthquake – flood
– drought – volcano – tidal wave

1.- ___________: a long period with little or no rain.

2.- ____________: a sudden violent movement of the
surface of the earth, caused by the shifting of the earth’s tectonic plates.

3.- ____________:
when huge areas of woodland are alight, often caused by someone carelessly
throwing a cigarette from a car.

4.-  _______________:
when an area of land which is usually dry becomes covered in water, often forcing
people to leave their homes

5.- ______________:
very strong circular winds which suck things up into them .

6.- ________________:
a huge wave which builds up in the sea over thousands of miles.

7.- ________________:  a very powerful storm, often at sea.

8.- _________________:
a large mountain which erupts from time to time and sends rocks up into the air
and molten rock pours down the side.

13. Now use the words in
these sentences:

9. Mount Vesuvius near Naples is
one of the most famous ____________ in the worId.

10. Many parts of sub-Saharan
Africa suffer from ____________.

11. Many low-lying parts of England suffer from ______________ after prolonged periods
of rain in the winter.

12. San Francisco and Tokyo are both situated right in the middle of
dangerous ________________
zones.

14.- Describing Disasters

Now match each of the following descriptions with one of the disasters above:

1. This year’s crop has been lost. The land here is so dry now that
farmers are unable to grow anything. All the
waterholes have dried up and there are dead animals everywhere.________________

2. The water level has been rising steadily since the river burst its
banks this morning and the area is now under two metres of water. __________________   

3. Along the path of the twister cars were lifted hundreds of metres
into the air. One caravan ended up half a mile from where it had been.      ______________

4. Lava poured down the side of
the mountain destroying everything in its path and the village is now buried
under a carpet of ash. _____________

5. The tremor, measuring 6 on the Richter scale, only lasted for four
seconds but it was enough to cause large cracks in several roads. ___________________  

6. A small fishing village was the worst hit. A thirty-metre wall of
water swept up the beach destroying nearly thirty houses along the seafront. ________________

7. Helicopters are spraying the blaze from the air, and fire crews are working
round the clock to set up firebreaks to prevent it spreading further. ______________

8. Roofs were blown off buildings and trees were ripped out by their
roots in winds gusting up to 120mph.  ______________________

15. Now complete these
sentences with words and phrases from above:

a. The river __________ its banks.

b. The tremor
only ___________for four seconds.

c. The lava
destroyed everything in its __________.

d. Fire crews
are working round the ____________.

e. Buildings had
their roofs ____________ off.

f. Trees were ______________ out by their roots.

KEY

1.

1. During the last hundred years we have done great damage
to the environment.

2. There’s
a large chemical factory in our town which has polluted the river twice in the
last year.

3. The
Government is very worried about the pollution of our rivers and beaches.

4. A lot
of household waste
like bottles and newspapers can be recycled and used again.

5. Environmentalists
are furious with the American Government for delaying measures which will reduce 
greenhouse gas emissions.

6. There
are lots of things we can all do to protect the environment.

2. 

1.- The Government is introducing strict new rules on
the dumping of toxic waste
by industry.

2.- Farmers contribute to environmental damage by spraying
crops 
with pesticides which stay in the soil for   years

3.-  Emissions from
factories in northern Germany affect the environment in large parts of
Scandinavia.

4. Tropical
rainforests have always helped to keep the environment in balance but recent deforestation means they no longer absorb as much carbon dioxide as
they used to.

5. Exhaust fumes from cars and other vehicles cause a great deal of damage to the environment.

3. 

1. global warming
 

2. greenhouse effect
 

3. ozone layer
 

4. acid rain

4.

1.- The gradual
rise in the Earth’s temperature is known as global warming.

2.- When heat
gets trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere, it is known as the greenhouse effect.

3.- Scientists have found holes in the ozone layer,
particularly over Antarctica.

4.- Rain mixed with toxic chemicals from factories is
known as acid
rain.

5.

Scientists have shown that the temperature on Earth is
increasing by 0.1º every ten years. That’s one degree every century. The (1) gases
that are produced by factories and cars are allowing more (2) radiation from
the sun to reach Earth. In the future this will have very serious consequences
for humanity.

As the Earth gets hotter, the Arctic and Antarctic (3)
ice caps will slowly melt and the level of the (4) oceans will
rise. A recent report says that the (5) sea level will rise by 70 metres
over the next hundred years, causing (6) floods in many low-lying parts
of the world.

There will be (7) climate changes, too. Some
areas will become wetter while others will become much drier. Some areas which
today are green and fertile will eventually turn into (8) deserts. Tropical
diseases like malaria will become common in areas where today they are
unknown.

6.

The (1) destruction of the rainforest is very
worrying. Thousands of acres of forest are being cut down every year and the
(2) natural habitats of many animals are being destroyed. As a result,
many species are (3) in danger of extinction.

This, in turn, threatens the traditional (4) way of
life of many of the(5) indigenous people who live in some of the most
remote areas of our planet. As with most environmental issues, we need to think
more (6) long-term and realise that everything we do has implications
for (7) futures generations.

If we want to
hand on our world to our children and grandchildren, we simply can’t continue
to misuse the world’s (8) natural resources as we are at the moment.

7. 

The (9) air quality in many of the world’s
largest cities is so poor that we have seen an enormous increase in chest and
lung illnesses such as asthma. These cities are (10) heavily polluted
and some are permanently covered by a (11) cloud of pollution. Unless
we begin to take the problems more seriously and start to do something about
them, many of our biggest cities, particularly in the developing world will
become (12) uninhabitable.

8.

1. unleaded  petrol                                         

2. public  transport                                                

3. recycling point                                         

4. bottle bank  

bottle bank: a large container in a public place where people can leave their empty bottles so that the glass can be used again (= recycled); a public place with several of these containers.                                             

5. environmentally friendly                                

6.
renewable energy                                        

9. 

1.- Make sure your car runs on unleaded petrol and
your home uses sources of renewable energy.

2.- Use public transport instead of taking your
car.

3.- Take glass, paper and plastic to a recycling
point.

4.- Buy environmentally friendly products
whenever possible.

10.

noun                                       adjective                                              person

environment                         environmental                                 environmentalist

ecology                                  ecological                                
           ecologist

12.

1.- drought: a long period with little or no rain.

2.- earthquake: a sudden violent movement of the
surface of the earth, caused by the shifting of the earth’s tectonic plates.

3.- forest fire:
when huge areas of woodland are alight, often caused by someone carelessly
throwing a cigarette from a car.

4.-  flood:
when an area of land which is usually dry becomes covered in water, often forcing
people to leave their homes

5.- tornado:
/tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/ very strong circular winds which suck things up into them .

6.- tidal wave:
a huge wave which builds up in the sea over thousands of miles.

7.- hurricane:  a very powerful storm, often at sea.

8.- volcano:
a large mountain which erupts from time to time and sends rocks up into the air
and molten rock pours down the side.

13.

9. Mount Vesuvius near Naples is
one of the most famous volcano in the worId.

10. Many parts of sub-Saharan
Africa suffer from drought

11. Many low-lying parts of England suffer from flooding after prolonged periods
of rain in the winter.

12. San Francisco and Tokyo are both situated right in the middle of
dangerous earthquakes
zones.

14. 

1. This year’s crop has been lost. The land here is so dry now that
farmers are unable to grow anything. All the   
waterholes have dried up and there are dead animals everywhere. Drought

2. The water level has been rising steadily since the river burst its
banks this morning and the area is now under two metres of water. Flood    

3. Along the path of the twister cars were lifted hundreds of metres
into the air. One caravan ended up half a mile from where it had been.      tornado

twister: a violent storm that is caused by a powerful spinning column of air. Tornado

4. Lava poured down the side of
the mountain destroying everything in its path and the village is now buried
under a carpet of ash. Volcano

5. The tremor, measuring 6 on the Richter scale, only lasted for four
seconds but it was enough to cause large cracks in several roads.  earthquake

6. A small fishing village was the worst hit. A thirty-metre wall of
water swept up the beach destroying nearly thirty houses along the seafront. Tidal wave

7. Helicopters are spraying the blaze from the air, and fire crews are working
round the clock to set up firebreaks to prevent it spreading further. Forest fire

firebreak: a
thing that stops a fire from spreading, for example a special door or a
strip of land in a forest that has been cleared of trees.

round the clock: lasting or happening all day and night

8. Roofs were blown off buildings and trees were ripped out by their
roots in winds gusting up to 120mph.  Hurricane

15.

a. The river burst its banks.

b. The tremor
only lasted for four seconds.

c. The lava
destroyed everything in its path.

d. Fire crews
are working round the clock.

e. Buildings had
their roofs blown off.

f. Trees were ripped out by their roots. 

rip: rip something + adv./prep. to remove something quickly or violently, often by pulling it. E.g. He ripped off his tie. The carpet had been ripped from the stairs. Half of the house was ripped away in the explosion.

 

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Hot potatoes Exercises

Complete each sentence with a word or phrase from the box.
■ balance
■ compensation
■complex
■ influences
■ leisure
■ play a/an
■ rate
■ role
■ skills
■ substitution
■ switch off
1At the weekend everyone needs to relax and …………………..from school or work.
2Employers…………………..important
…………………..in the economy.
3………………….is what you receive if you are badly
affected by something.
4………………….means replacing one thing
with another.
5Most people’s………………….time is at the
weekend and in the evenings.
6 It can be difficult to get the right………………….
between work and free time.
7 The money you can earn………………….people’s
choice of job.
8 Some economic problems are very………………….
There is no easy solution.
9 The hourly………………….for this job is seven
pounds an hour.
10 The ability to speak foreign languages is one of the………………….needed for this job.

Автор: Гость