Complete the sentences sometimes you need one word sometimes more - Word и Excel - помощь в работе с программами

ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

59. Prefer and would rather

Prefer
to do
and prefer doing

·
You can use ‘prefer
to (do)‘ or ‘prefer -ing’
to say what you prefer in general:

·
I don’t like cities. I prefer to live in the country. or I prefer living in the country.

Study the differences in structure
after prefer. We say:

but

I prefer

something

doing something

to
do
something

to something else.

to doing something else.

rather than (do) something
else.

·
I prefer
this coat to the coat you were wearing yesterday.

·
I prefer
driving to travelling by train .

·
but I prefer to drive rather than travel
by train.

·
Sarah prefers
to live in the country rather
than (live) in a city.

Would
prefer (I’d prefer … )

We use would prefer to say what somebody wants in a specific
situation (not in general):

·
‘Would you prefer tea or coffee?’
‘Coffee, please.’

We say ‘would prefer to do something’ (not usually would prefer doing):

·
‘Shall we go by train?’ ‘I’d prefer to drive.’ (not I’d prefer driving)

·
I’d
prefer to stay at home tonight rather
than go to the cinema.

Would
rather (I’d rather …)

Would
rather
(do)= would prefer (to do).
We use would rather+ infinitive (without to).

Compare:

The negative is ‘I’d rather not (do something):

·
I’m tired. I’d
rather not go out this evening, if you don’t mind.

·
‘Do you want to go out this evening? ‘I’d rather not.’

We say ‘would rather do something than do something else’:

·
I’d
rather stay at home tonight than
go to the cinema.

I’d
rather somebody did
something

We say ‘I’d rather you did
something’ (not I’d rather you
do). For example:

·
‘Who’s going to drive, you or me?’ ‘I’d rather you drove.’ (= I would prefer
this)

·
‘Jack says he’ll repair your bike tomorrow, OK?’
‘I’d rather he did it today.’

·
Are you going to tell Anna what happened, or would you rather I told
her?

In this structure we use the past (drove, did etc.), but the
meaning is present not past.

Compare:

·
I’d rather make
dinner now.

·
I’d rather you
made dinner now. (not I’d rather you make)

I’d rather you didn’t (do something) = I’d prefer you not to do it:

·
I’d
rather you didn’t tell anyone what I said.

·
‘Are you going to tell Anna what happened?’ ‘No. I’d rather she didn’t know.’

·
‘Shall I tell Anna what happened?’ ‘I’d rather you didn’t.’

EXERCISES

59.1

Which do you prefer? Write sentences
using ‘I prefer (something)
to (something else)’. Put
the verb into the correct form where necessary.

1	(drive /travel by train) _____I prefer driving to travelling by train. _________________________
2	(basketball /football) I prefer _________________________________________________
3	(go to the cinema I watch DVDs at home) I _________________________________________________to _____________________________________at home.
4	(be very busy I have nothing to do) I_________________________________________________

Now rewrite sentences 3 and 4 using the
structure ‘I prefer to (do
something)’.

5	(1) ___I prefer to drive rather than travel by train ____________
6	(3) I prefer ________________________________________
7	(4) ________________________________________

59.2

Complete the sentences. Sometimes you
need one word, sometimes more.

	A	B
1	Shall we walk home?	___I’d rather ____ get a taxi.
2	Do you want to eat now?	I’d prefer ___ to wait___ till later.
3	Would you like to watch TV?	I’d _____ to listen to some music.
4	Do you want to go to a restaurant?	I’d rather _________ at home.
5	Let’s leave now.	_________ wait a few minutes.
6	What about a game of tennis?	I’d prefer _________ for a swim.
7	I think we should decide now.	I’d _________ think about it for a while.
8	Would you like to sit down?	_________ to stand.
9	Do you want me to come with you?	I’d rather _________ alone.

Now use the same ideas to complete
these sentences using than
and rather than.

10	I’d rather ___get ___a taxi __than walk__home.
11	I’d prefer _____________ for a swim _____________.
12	I’d rather _____________ at home _____________.
13	I’d prefer _____________ about it for a while_____________.
14	I’d rather _____________ some music _____________.

59.3

Complete the sentences using would you rather I ….

1	Are you going to make dinner or ___would you rather I made it____?
2	Are you going to tell Anna what happened or would you rather ______________?
3	Are you going to do the shopping or______________?
4	Are you going to phone Tanya or______________?

59.4

Use your own ideas to complete these
sentences.

1	‘Shall I tell Anna what happened?’ ‘No, I’d rather she ____didn’t _____know.’
2	Do you want me to go now or would you rather 1 ___________ here?
3	Do you want to go out this evening or would you rather ___________ at home?
4	This is a private matter. I’d rather you ___________ tell anybody else.
5	I don’t want to make a decision without jack and Sue. I’d rather they ___________ here.
6	A: Do you mind if I put some music on? B: I’d rather you ___________. I’m trying to study.

ANSWER
KEY

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Предмет: Английский язык,

автор: stefa200009

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Автор ответа: 345thegvagin

Ответ:

Объяснение:

think it’s about time you

about other people instead of only thinking

about yourself

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1.
a I need some money. I’d better _go_
to the bank.

b
John is expecting you to phone him. You — better do it now.

c
‘Shall I leave the window open?’ ‘No, you’d better — it.’

d
We’d better leave as soon as possible, — we?

2.
a It’s time the government — something about the problem.

b
It’s time something — about the problem.

c
I think it’s about time you — about me instead of only thinking
about

yourself.

35.2 Read the situations and write sentences with had better. Use the words in brackets.

1.
You’re going out for a walk with Tom. It might rain. You say to Tom:

(an
umbrella) We’d
better take an umbrella.

2.
Jack has just cut himself. It’s quite a bad cut. You say to him:

(a
plaster) —

3.
You and Ann plan to go to a restaurant this evening. It’s a very
popular restaurant. You say to Ann: (reserve) We —

4.
Jill doesn’t look very well — not well enough to go to work. You say
to her:

(work)
—

5.
You received your phone bill four weeks ago but you haven’t paid it
yet. If you don’t pay very soon, you could be in trouble. You say to
yourself: (pay)

—

6.
You want to go out but you’re expecting an important phone call. You
say to your friend: (go out) I —

7.
You and Fiona are going to the theatre. You’ve missed the bus and you
don’t want to be late.

You
say to Fiona: (a taxi) —

35.3 Put in had better or should. Sometimes either is possible.

1.
I have an appointment in ten minutes. _I’d
better_
go now or I’ll be late.

2.
It’s a great film. You _should_
go and see it. You’ll really like it.

3.
I — get up early tomorrow. I’ve got a lot to do.

4.
When people are driving, they — keep their eyes on the road.

5.
Thank you for coming to see us. You — come more often.

6.
She’ll be upset if we don’t invite her to the wedding, so we —
invite her.

7.
These biscuits are delicious. You — try one.

8.
I think everybody — learn a foreign language.

35.4 Read the situations and write sentences with It’s time (somebody did something).

1.
You think the children should be in bed. It’s already 11 o’clock.

_It’s
time the children were in bed._

2.
You haven’t had a holiday for a very long time. You need one now.

It’s
time I —

3.
You’re waiting for Mary. She is late. Why isn’t she here yet?

It’s
time she —

4.
You’re sitting on a train waiting for it to leave the station. It’s
already five minutes late.

5.
You enjoy having parties. You haven’t had one for a long time.

6.
The company you work for is badly run. You think there should be some
changes.

UNIT
36. Can/Could/Would you …? etc.

(Requests,
offers, permission and invitations)

A.
Asking people to do things (requests)

We
often use can or could to ask people to do things:

*
Can you wait a moment, please? or Could you wait a moment, please?

*
Liz, can you do me a favour?

*
Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the airport?

*
I wonder if you could help me.

Note
that we say ‘Do you think (you) could …? (not usually 4can’):

*
Do you think you could lend me some money until next week?

We
also use will and would to ask people to do things (but can/could are
more usual):

*
Liz, will you do me a favour?

*
Would you please be quiet? I’m trying to concentrate.

B.
Asking for things

To
ask for something we use Can I have …? or Could I have …?:

*
(in a shop) Can I have these postcards, please?

*
(during a meal) Could I have the salt, please?

May
I have …? is also possible (but less usual):

*
May I have these postcards, please?

C.
Asking for and giving permission

To
ask for permission to do something, we use can, could or may:

*
(on the phone) Hello, can I speak to Tom, please?

*
‘Could I use your phone?’ ‘Yes, of course.’

*
Do you think I could borrow your bike?

*
‘May I come in?’ ‘Yes, please do.’

To
give permission, we use can or may.

*
You can use the phone. or You may use the phone.

May
is formal and less usual than can or could.

D.
Offering to do things To offer to do something, we sometimes use Can
I …?:

*
‘Can I get you a cup of coffee?’ ‘Yes, that would be very nice.’

*
‘Can I help you?’ ‘No, it’s all right. I can manage.’

You
can also use I’ll … to offer to do things (see Unit 21C):

*
You look tired. I’ll get you a cup of coffee.

E.
Offering and inviting

To
offer or to invite we use Would you like …? (not do you like)

*
‘Would you like a cup of coffee?’ ‘Yes, please.’

*
‘Would you like to come to dinner tomorrow evening?’ ‘Yes, I’d love
to.’

I’d
like… is a polite way of saying what you want:

*
(at a tourist information office) I’d like some information about
hotels, please.

*
(in a shop) I’d like to try on this jacket, please.

EXERCISES

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Had better (I’d better/you’d better etc.)
I’d better do something = It is advisable to do it. If I don’t, there will be a problem or a danger:
* I have to meet Ann in ten minutes. I’d better go now or I’ll be late.
* ‘Shall I take an umbrella?’ ‘Yes, you’d better. It might rain.’
* We’d better stop for petrol soon. The tank is almost empty.

The negative is I’d better not (= I had better not):
* A: Are you going out tonight?
B: I’d better not. I’ve got a lot of work to do.
* You don’t look very well. You’d better not go to work today.

You can use had better when you warn somebody that they must do something:
* You’d better be on time./You’d better not be late. (or I’ll be very angry)

The form is ‘had better’ (usually ‘I’d better/you’d better’ etc. in spoken English):
* I’d better phone Carol, hadn’t I?
Had is a past form, but in this expression the meaning is present or future, not past: * I’d better go to the bank now/tomorrow.

We say ‘I’d better do…’ (not ‘to do’):
* It might rain. We’d better take an umbrella. (not ‘we’d better to take’)

Had better and should
Had better is similar to should but not exactly the same.
We use had better only for a particular situation (not for things in general).

You can use should in all types of situation to give an opinion or to give advice:
* It’s cold today. You’d better wear a coat when you go out. (a particular situation)
* I think all drivers should wear seat belts. (in general — not ‘had better wear’)
Also, with had better, there is always a danger or a problem if you don’t follow the advice.

Should only means ‘it is a good thing to do’. Compare.
* It’s a great film. You should go and see it. (but no danger, no problem if you don’t)
* The film starts at 8.30. You’d better go now or you’ll be late.

It’s time …
You can say ‘It’s time (for somebody) to do something’:
* It’s time to go home./It’s time for us to go home.

You can also say:
* It’s late. It’s time we went home.

Here we use the past (went) but the meaning is present or future, not past:
* It’s 10 o’clock and he’s still in bed. It’s time he got up. (not ‘It’s time he gets up’)

It’s time you did something = ‘you should have done it already or started it’. We often use this structure to criticise or to complain:
* It’s time the children were in bed. It’s long after their bedtime.
* The windows are very dirty. I think it’s time we cleaned them.

You can also say: It’s about time…/It’s high time… . This makes the criticism stronger:
* Jack is a great talker. But it’s about time he did something instead of )’just talking.
* You’re very selfish. It’s high time you realised that you’re not the most important person in the world.

EXERCISES
35.1 Complete the sentences. Sometimes you need only one word, sometimes two.
1. a I need some money. I’d better _go_ to the bank.
b John is expecting you to phone him. You — better do it now.
c ‘Shall I leave the window open?’ ‘No, you’d better — it.’
d We’d better leave as soon as possible, — we?
2. a It’s time the government — something about the problem.
b It’s time something — about the problem.
c I think it’s about time you — about me instead of only thinking about yourself.

35.2 Read the situations and write sentences with had better. Use the words in brackets.
1. You’re going out for a walk with Tom. It might rain. You say to Tom:
(an umbrella) We’d better take an umbrella.
2. Jack has just cut himself. It’s quite a bad cut. You say to him:
(a plaster) —
3. You and Ann plan to go to a restaurant this evening. It’s a very popular restaurant. You say to Ann: (reserve) We —
4. Jill doesn’t look very well — not well enough to go to work. You say to her:
(work) —
5. You received your phone bill four weeks ago but you haven’t paid it yet. If you don’t pay very soon, you could be in trouble. You say to yourself: (pay) —
6. You want to go out but you’re expecting an important phone call. You say to your friend: (go out) I —
7. You and Fiona are going to the theatre. You’ve missed the bus and you don’t want to be late.
You say to Fiona: (a taxi) —

35.3 Put in had better or should. Sometimes either is possible.
1. I have an appointment in ten minutes. _I’d better_ go now or I’ll be late.
2. It’s a great film. You _should_ go and see it. You’ll really like it.
3. I — get up early tomorrow. I’ve got a lot to do.
4. When people are driving, they — keep their eyes on the road.
5. Thank you for coming to see us. You — come more often.
6. She’ll be upset if we don’t invite her to the wedding, so we — invite her.
7. These biscuits are delicious. You — try one.
8. I think everybody — learn a foreign language.

35.4 Read the situations and write sentences with It’s time (somebody did something).
1. You think the children should be in bed. It’s already 11 o’clock.
_It’s time the children were in bed._
2. You haven’t had a holiday for a very long time. You need one now.
It’s time I —
3. You’re waiting for Mary. She is late. Why isn’t she here yet?
It’s time she —
4. You’re sitting on a train waiting for it to leave the station. It’s already five minutes late.
5. You enjoy having parties. You haven’t had one for a long time.
6. The company you work for is badly run. You think there should be some changes.

35.1

1 b. had or ‘d

c. close or shut

d. hadn’t

2 a. did

b. was done

c. thought

35.2

2 You’d better put a plaster on it.

3 We’d better reserve a table./We’d better phone to reserve …

4 You’d better not go to work.

5 I’d better pay the phone bill. or … pay my phone bill.

6 I’d better not go out.

7 We’d better take a taxi. or … get a taxi

35. 3

3 had better/’d better or should

4 should

5 should

6 had better/’d better

7 should

8 should

35.4

2 had a holiday.

3 was here.

4 It’s time the train left.

5 It’s time I had a party.

6 It’s time some changes were made./It’s time there were some changes.

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Model: I need some money. I’d better ….go… to the bank.

1. John is expecting you to phone him. You ………better do it now.

2. Shall I leave the window open?’ ‘No, you’d better ……………………. it.’

3. We’d better leave as soon as possible, ………………. we?

4. We’d ………do something about the problem.

5. I …………look through the rule again.

Ex. 4. Read the situations and write sentences with “had better”. Use the words in brackets.

Model: You’re going out for a walk with Tom. If might rain. You say to Tom: (an umbrella) …We’d better take. an umbrella.

1. Jack has just cut himself. It’s quite a bad cut. You say to him:

(a plaster) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2 You and Ann plan to go to a restaurant this evening. It’s a very popular restaurant. You say (reserve)

………………………………………………………………………………

3 Jill doesn’t look very well — not well enough to go to work. You say to her:

(work) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4 You received your phone bill four weeks ago but you haven’t paid it yet. If you don’t pay very soon, you could be in trouble. You say to yourself: (pay)………………………………..

5 You want to go out but you’re expecting an important phone call. You say to your friend: (go out) I………………………………………………………………………………………

6 You and Fiona are going to the theatre. You’ve missed the bus and you don’t want to be late. (take) ……………………………………………………………………………………..

Ex. 5. Insert ‘to’ where necessary before the infinitives in brackets.

1. He made me (do) it all over again.

2. She can (sing) quite well.

3. He will be able (swim) very soon.

4. I used (live) in a caravan.

5. You ought (go) today. It may (rain) tomorrow.

6. You needn’t (say) anything. Just nod your head and he will (understand).

7. I want (see) the house where our president was born.

8. He made her (repeat) the message.

9. May 1 (use) your phone?

10. You needn’t (ask) for permission; you can (use) it whenever you like.

11. If you want (get) there before dark you should (start) at once.

12. I couldn’t (remember) his address.

13. You’ll be able (do) it yourself when you are older.

14. Would you like (go) now or shall we (wait) till theend?

15. They won’t let us (leave) the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined.

16. How dare you (open) my letters!

17. He didn’t dare (argue) with his boss.

18. I used (smoke) forty cigarettes a day.

19. Will you help me (move) the bookcase?

20. He wouldn’t let my baby (play) with hisgold watch.

21. They refused (accept) the bribe.

22. He is expected (arrive) in a few days.

23. Please let me (know) your decision as soon as possible.

24. He made us (wait) for hours.

25. Could you (tell) me the time, please?

26. We must (send) him a telegram.

27. I let him (go) early as he wanted (meet) his wife.

28. Where would you like (have) lunch?

29. You can (leave) your dog with us if you don’t (want) (take) him with you.

30. I’d like him (go) to a university but I can’t (make) him (go).

31. We could (go) to a concert, unless you’dprefer (visit) a museum.

32. You seem (know) this area very well. -Yes, I used (live) here.

33. The kidnappers told the parents (not inform) the police, and the parents didn’t dare (disobey).

34. Need I (come)? I’d much rather (stay) at home.

35. You can (take) a horse to water but you can’t (make) him (drink). (proverb)

36. I’m sorry (disappoint) youbut I can’t (let) you (have) any more money.

Ex. 6. Insert to where necessary before the infinitives in brackets. (In some of the sentences a present participle could be used instead of an infinitive. These alternatives will be noted in the key.)

1. It is easy (be) wise after the event.

2. Do you (wish) (make) a complaint?

3. We don’t (want) anybody (know) that we are here.

4. If you can’t (remember) his number you’d better (look) it up.

5. I want her (learn) Esperanto; I think everybody ought (know) it.

6. He is said (be) the best surgeon in the country.

7. Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals.

8. Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please?-I’m afraid Mr Pitt isn’t in. Would you like (speak) to his secretary?

9. It’s better (travel) hopefully than (arrive), (proverb)

10. He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn’t you had better (show) him.

11. He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt.

12. I heard the door (open) and saw a shadow (move) across the floor.

13. He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother.

14. As we seem (have missed) the train we may as well (go) back to the house.

15. I felt the house (shake) with the explosion.

16. He told me (try) (come) early.

17. Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what we had seen.

18. Would you (like) (come) in my car — No, thanks, I’d rather (walk).

19. I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get)off.

20. It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) it under your bed in an old stocking.

21. He doesn’t even bother (read) letters, let alone (answer) them.

22. The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe.

23. If you knew he was wrong, why didn’t you (say) something?-I didn’t like (say) anything because he always gets angry if you contradict him.

24. It’s better (be) sure than sorry.

25. What do you (want) me (tell) him? — Tell him that any time he cares (call) I shall be delighted (discuss) the matter with him.

26. Did you remember (give) him the money? — No, I didn’t, I still have it in my pocket; but I’ll (see) him tonight and I promise (not forget) this time.

27. I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes.

28. That is far too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you.

29. I was afraid (pick) up the revolver as I don’t know how (handle) firearms.

30. I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames.

31. There is nothing (do) but (wait) till somebody comes (let) us out.

32. He heard a cock (crow) in a neighbouring village.

33. You may as well (tell) us the truth. It will (be) easy (check) your story.

34. The American said he had seen nine presidents (come) and (go). He must (be) a very old man.

35. It is up to you (learn) the laws of your own country.

36. Would you rather (be) more stupid than you look or (look) more stupid than you are?

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