Manager: Can I help you? — Могу ли я вам помочь?
Customer: I hope so. I’m afraid that I want to make a 1) complaint. — Надеюсь. Боюсь, что я хочу подать жалобу.
Manager: What’s the problem, sir? — В чем проблема, сэр?
Customer: I bought this 2) frozen vegetarian meal here yesterday. However, when I read the very 3) informative list of ingredients I saw that it contains butter which is animal fat. — Клиент: Я купил эту замороженную вегетарианскую еду здесь вчера. Однако, когда я прочитал очень информативный список ингредиентов, я увидел, что в нем содержится масло, которое является животным жиром.
Manager: I’m sorry, sir, I must 4) apologise on behalf of Trufood Supermarket. Would you like a 5) replacement? — Извините, сэр, я должен извиниться от имени супермаркета Настоящая еда. Хотите заменить?
Customer: No, thank you. I think I’d prefer to have my money 6) refunded. — Нет, спасибо. Думаю, я предпочел бы вернуть мои деньги.
Вербицкая М. В. Forward. Английский язык для 10 класса. Unit 8 The hard sell
GRAMMAR
Verb patterns – глагольные модели
When we use two verbs together, the first verb is in the appropriate tense, the second verb doesn’t change. — Когда мы используем два глагола вместе, первый глагол находится в соответствующем времени, второй глагол не изменяется.
Present Simple: We like to cook. — Мы любим готовить.
Past Simple: We liked to cook. — Мы любили готовить.
In addition, the first verb often decides the form of the second one. The examples below show different verb patterns. — Кроме того, первый глагол часто определяет форму второго. В приведенных ниже примерах показаны различные глагольные модели.
Verb + -ing
Admit — признаться, avoid — избегать, can’t stand — терпеть не могу, don’t mind — не против, fancy — вообразить, hate — ненавидеть, imagine — представить, keep — продолжать, miss — пропустить, practice — практиковаться, stop – прекратить – doing (делать)
Verb + preposition/phrasal verb + -ing
dream about — мечтать о, feel like — чувствовать себя, give up — бросать, look forward to — с нетерпением ждать, succeed at — преуспеть, think about подумать о — cooking — кулинарии
to be + adjective + preposition + -ing
be bad at — быть плохим в, bored by – скучать от, famous for — быть известным, good at – быть хорошим в, interested in — быть заинтересованным, proud of — быть гордым, sorry for – извиняться за, tired of – устать от – arguing — спорить
Verb + to + infinitive
Agree — соглашаться, choose — выбирать, decide — решать, expect — ожидать, hope — надеяться, learn — учиться, manage — управлять, need — нуждаться, offer — предлагать, promise — обещать, refuse — отказываться, seem — казаться, want — хотеть, would like — хотеть — to make (something) — сделать (что-то)
Verb + object + to + infinitive
allow him — позвольте ему, ask her — попросите ее, help me — помогите мне, persuade them — убедите их, tell us — скажите нам — to leave — уйти
Verb + object + infinitive (without to)
help her — помогите ей, let us — позвольте нам, make them — заставить их — cook — готовить
Modals + infinitive (without to)
might, must, should, will, can happen
Longer sentence patterns Adverb + gerund — Более длинные шаблоны предложений
After eating such a big meal, I felt tired. — После такой большой еды я почувствовал усталость.
Before eating wash your hands. — Перед едой мойте руки.
By eating good food you’ll feel healthier. — Поедая хорошую еду, вы будете чувствовать себя здоровее.
Instead of eating at home, let’s go to a restaurant. — Вместо того, чтобы есть дома, пойдем в ресторан.
When eating in a Chinese restaurant, you share the dishes. — Когда вы едите в китайском ресторане, вы делитесь блюдами.
Without eating it I can’t tell you what it tastes like. – Не попробовав, я не могу сказать вам, на что это похоже.
Mind the trap! – Избегайте ловушки!
Some verbs can be used with more than one verb pattern and the meaning does not change — Некоторые глаголы могут использоваться с более чем одной глагольной моделью, и значение не изменяется:
She prefers eating convenience food. = She prefers to eat convenience food. — Она предпочитает есть полуфабрикаты.
However, with a few verbs such as stop and remember, a different verb pattern changes the meaning — Однако с помощью нескольких глаголов, таких как остановиться и запомнить, другая глагольная модель меняет значение:
He remembered taking her photograph. (He had a memory of doing this.) — Он вспомнил, что сделал ее фотографию. (У него была память об этом.)
He remembered to take her photograph. (He didn’t forget to take her photograph). — Он вспомнил, что сделал ее фотографию. (Он не забыл сделать ее фотографию).
I stopped reading the leaflet. (I looked away from the leaflet.) — Я перестала читать листовку. (Я отвернулся от листовки.)
I stopped to read the leaflet. (I stopped what I was doing and read the leaflet.) — Я остановился, чтобы прочитать листовку. (Я остановил то, что делал, и прочитал листовку.)
Ex. 1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of eat. — Дополните предложения правильной формой глагола есть.
1. I try to eat fruit every day. — Я стараюсь есть фрукты каждый день.
2. I love eating my dinner on a tray in front of the TV. — Мне нравится есть мой обед на подносе перед телевизором.
3. His mother made him eat all his vegetables before she allowed him to eat any ice-cream. — Его мать заставила его съесть все овощи, прежде чем она разрешила ему есть мороженое.
4. Every year I give up eating chocolate for the month after Mardi Gras. — Каждый год я отказываюсь от употребления шоколада в течение месяца после Марди Гра.
5. Although she hates cabbage, she managed to eat it when her friend cooked some. — Хотя она ненавидит капусту, ей удалось съесть ее, когда ее друг приготовил.
6. When I had flu I couldn’t eat anything. — Когда у меня был грипп, я ничего не мог есть.
7. If I’m on a diet, I think about eating all the time. — Если я на диете, я думаю о еде все время.
8. Do you fancy eating in a restaurant this evening? — Вы сегодня вечером идете в ресторан?
Ex. 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. — Дополните предложения правильной формой глаголов в скобках.
1. The pizza company promised to deliver within half an hour. — Компания пиццы обещала доставить в течение получаса.
2. I always look forward to having a big Sunday lunch. — Я всегда с нетерпением жду большой воскресный обед.
3. He’s interested in cooking, so I usually buy him recipe books for his birthday. — Он заинтересован в приготовлении пищи, поэтому я обычно покупаю ему кулинарные книги на день рождения.
4. When I was a child I wasn’t allowed to have sugary drinks. — Когда я был ребенком, мне не разрешали употреблять сладкие напитки.
5. When we go to Spain we might bring back some olive oil. — Когда мы отправимся в Испанию, мы можем привезти оливковое масло.
6. She doesn’t mind driving a long way for a good meal. — Она не прочь проделать долгий путь для хорошей еды.
7. The children must finish their meals before they leave the table. — Дети должны закончить кушать, прежде чем покинуть стол.
8. We were expecting to get a nice big meal but he only gave us a boring sandwich. — Мы ожидали приятной большой еды, но он дал нам только скучный бутерброд.
9. I avoid buying too much convenience food. — Я избегаю покупать слишком много еды быстрого приготовления.
10. We both love eating but neither of us likes to cook. — Мы оба любим есть, но никто из нас не любит готовить.
Ex. 3 Complete the sentences with the correct alternatives. — Дополните предложения правильными альтернативами.
1. I thought about buying her a cookery book for her birthday. — Я подумал о покупке ей кулинарной книги для ее день рождения.
2. You should make a cake for his birthday. — Вы должны сделать торт на день рождения.
3. We stop to buy some drinks before we get on the train. — Мы остановимся, чтобы купить напитки, прежде чем мы сядем в поезд.
4. The hotel’s guests chose to have dinner in the garden. — Гости отеля решили поужинать в саду.
5. He managed to make a meal with only four eggs, some cheese and salad. — Ему удалось приготовить еду всего из четырех яиц, сыра и салата.
6. We would like to invite you for dinner next weekend. — Мы хотели бы пригласить вас на ужин в следующие выходные.
Ex. 4 Complete the advertisements with the correct form of the verbs in the box. — Дополните рекламные объявления правильной формой глаголов в рамке.
Wonder Bread Machine
Can you imagine 1) waking up each morning to the smell of freshly baked bread? If you are tired of 2) making bread by hand — all that mess and hard work, the Wonder Bread Machine is for you. Instead of working for hours in the kitchen, all you need 3) to do is put the ingredients in, switch it on and you can look forward to 4) enjoying the taste of delicious fresh bread just two hours later! The Wonder Bread Machine is so simple, all the family will want 5) to use it!
Чудесная хлебопечка
Можете ли вы представить себе каждое утро запах свежеиспеченного хлеба? Если вы устали делать хлеб вручную — весь этот беспорядок и тяжелая работа, то Чудесная хлебопечка для вас. Вместо того, чтобы часами работать на кухне, все, что вам нужно сделать, это положить ингредиенты, включить ее, и вы можете рассчитывать на вкусный свежий хлеб всего через два часа! Чудесная хлебопечка настолько проста, что все члены семьи захотят попробовать использовать ее!
Home cafe
Can you imagine 6) sitting in a Paris cafe drinking a perfect cup of coffee? Well now, you can enjoy 7) drinking freshly made coffee every day with Home Cafe. Home Cafe lets you 
have perfect coffee every time. So, if you are tired of 9) making unpleasant instant coffee and you want 10) to impress your friends, get Home Cafe today!
Домашний кафе
Вы можете себе представить, что вы сидите в кафе в Париже, выпивая идеальную чашку кофе? Хорошо, теперь вы можете наслаждаться свежеприготовленым кофе каждый день с Домашним кофе. Домашний кофе позволяет вам готовить превосходный кофе каждый раз. Итак, если вам надоело делать неприятный растворимый кофе, и вы хотите произвести впечатление на своих друзей, купите кофеварку Домашний кофе сегодня!
If you love 11) eating in elegant surroundings then Luigi’s is the place for you. Whatever the occasion, we promise 12) to give you an evening to remember. We look forward to 13) welcoming you the next time you decide 14) to eat out!
Если вы любите есть в элегантной обстановке, то Луиджи — это место для вас. Каким бы ни был случай, мы обещаем вам вечер, который вы запомните. Мы с нетерпением ждем встречи с вами в следующий раз, когда вы решите поесть не дома!
LISTENING
Ex. 1 Listen and circle the best answers. — Полушайте и обведите лучшие ответы.
1. Max and Zoe are discussing. — Макс и Зои обсуждают.
2. Max and Zoe are talking about different types of advertising. — Макс и Зои говорят о разных видах рекламы.
3. Max is surprised by what Zoe tells him. — Макс удивлен тем, что Зоя рассказывает ему.
Ex. 2 Read the questions. Listen again and circle the best answers. — Прочитайте вопросы. Послушайте снова и обведите лучшие ответы.
1. ‘Product placement’ is when a company pays for their goods to appear in a film. — «Размещение продукта» — это когда компания платит за то, чтобы их товары появлялись в фильме.
2. Zoe gives Minority Report as an example of a film with too much product placement. – Зои приводит Особое мнение в качестве примера фильма со слишком большим количеством размещения продукта.
3. ‘Subliminal advertising’ uses hidden messages. — «Подпольная реклама» использует скрытые сообщения.
4. Governments think that subliminal advertising might work. — Правительства считают, что подпольная реклама может работать.
5. Zoe has heard that subliminal advertising will be used on the Internet. — Зои слышала, что подсознательная (подпольная) реклама будет использоваться в Интернете.
SPEAKING
Ex. 1 Complete the conversations with phrases from the box. — Завершите беседы фразами из рамки.
We’ll replace it straight away — Мы немедленно заменим его
A Customer: Excuse me, 1) It’s not what I ordered. I asked for the pasta. He asked for the salad. — Извините, это не то, что я заказал. Я попросил пасту. Он попросил салат.
Waiter: Sorry 2) that was careless of me, I’ll swap the plates for you. — Извините, это было беспечно с моей стороны, я поменяю тарелки для вас.
В Customer: Excuse me, 3) there is a mistake in the bill. We didn’t have three bottles of mineral water. — Извините, в счете есть ошибка. У нас не было трех бутылок минеральной воды.
Waiter: I’m sorry madam, you did. There are two on the table and one on the floor here. — Мне жаль, госпожа, у вас было. На столе две и одна на полу.
Customer: You shouldn’t have put it there. — Вы не должны были ее туда ставить.
Waiter: Please 4) don’t blame me. I didn’t put it on the floor. — Пожалуйста, не обвиняйте меня. Я не ставил ее на пол.
С Customer: 5) Your waiter was extremely rude to me. — Ваш официант был очень груб со мной.
Manager: I’m so sorry, madam. 6) I’ll speak to him about his behavior. — Мне очень жаль, мадам. Я поговорю с ним о его поведении.
Customer: Thank you. — Спасибо.
WRITING
Dear Sir/Madam,
A-3 I am writing to complain about the jeans (enclosed) which I bought from your website, Jeans2go.com, and about your customer service.
В-1 I ordered the jeans on 23rd June, my credit card was charged immediately, but the jeans didn’t arrive until 19th July. When they arrived the package was torn and the jeans were damaged. I immediately telephoned your helpline and was told that I would have to pay to return the jeans if I wanted a refund.
C-4 I feel that it is unreasonable that I have to pay for the postage, because it is not my fault that the jeans weren’t packaged properly. Can I suggest that you send out orders more promptly and that you package things properly so they don’t get damaged in the post?
D-2 I would like a full refund of the cost of the jeans £36, and I think you should refund the cost of the return postage £3.75.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Jasmine Kelly
Уважаемый сэр / мадам,
Я пишу, чтобы жаловаться на джинсы (прилагаемые), которые я купила на вашем сайте, Jeans2go.com и о вашем обслуживании клиентов.
Я заказала джинсы 23 июня, с моей кредитной карты деньги были сняты немедленно, но джинсы не прибыли до 19 июля. Когда они прибыли, пакет был разорван, а джинсы были повреждены. Я немедленно позвонила по телефону в службу поддержки и мне сказали, что мне придется заплатить, чтобы вернуть джинсы, если я хочу возмещение.
Я чувствую, что необоснованно платить за почтовые расходы, потому что это не моя вина, что джинсы не были упакованы должным образом. Могу ли я предложить, чтобы вы отправляли заказы более оперативно и чтобы вы правильно упаковывали вещи, чтобы они не пострадали на почте?
Я хотела бы полностью возместить стоимость джинсов 36 фунтов стерлингов, и я думаю, что вы должны возместить стоимость возвратной почтовой рассылки 3,75 фунтов стерлингов.
С нетерпением жду Вашего ответа.
Искренне Ваша,
Жасмин Келли
Ex. 1 Match topics 1-4 with paragraphs A-D in the letter. — Сопоставьте темы 1-4 с абзацами A-D в письме.
B-1. explain the background to the problem and what happened — Объясните причину проблемы и что произошло
D-2. say what you want them to do — Скажите, что вы хотите, чтобы они сделали
A-3. say why you are writing — Скажите, почему вы пишете
C-4. suggest how the company can improve its service — Предложите, как компания может улучшить свое обслуживание
Ex. 2 Read the letter again. Find and underline examples of these things. — Прочтите письмо еще раз. Найдите и подчеркните примеры этих вещей.
• a formal greeting — официальное приветствие
• a complaint — жалоба
• a suggestion — предложение
• a reason — причина
• a standard closing expression — стандартное завершающее выражение
Ex. 3 Choose one of the situations (1-3) below and write a letter of complaint. Explain the situation, suggest a way to improve the service and say what sort of compensation you want. Remember to — Выберите одну из ситуаций (1-3) ниже и напишите письмо с жалобой. Объясните ситуацию, предложите способ улучшить обслуживание и сказать, какую компенсацию вы хотите. Запомни:
• structure your letter logically. — структурируйте свое письмо логически.
• use a formal style. — используйте формальный стиль.
• be polite but firm. — будьте вежливым, но твердым.
1. You bought a new mobile phone and it stopped working after three weeks. — Вы купили новый мобильный телефон и он перестали работать через три недели.
2. You ordered and paid for two T-shirts online. It is now a month later and you haven’t received anything. — Вы заказали и оплатили две футболки онлайн. Уже прошел месяц вы ничего не получили.
3. You stayed at a youth hostel which was dirty and unsafe. — Вы остановились в молодежном общежитии, которое было грязным и небезопасным.
WORD LIST
ad break – рекламный перерыв
ad/advert — объявление
advertising — реклама
advertising agency — рекламное агенство
appetizing — аппетитный
apologise — принести извинения
artificial — искусственный
baker’s — булочная
billboard — рекламный щит
blackcurrant juice — сок черной смородины
blame — вина
book a table — заказать стол
bottle — бутылка
broken — сломанный
butcher’s – мясная лавка
capture sb’s imagination — захватить воображение
carton — коробка
cash dispenser — банкомат
cash register — кассовый аппарат
chain store — сеть магазинов
changing rooms — примерочные
chemist’s — аптека
cliché — клише
coincidence — совпадение
compensation — компенсация
complaint — жалоба
convenience food — полуфабрикаты
convenient — удобный
cook (n) — повар
cosmetics — косметика
creamy — сливочный
delicious — вкусный
department store — универмаг
diet — диета
dish (meal) — блюдо
disruption — нарушение
earphones — наушники
eat out – есть вне дома
exchange sth for sth – поменять что-либо на что-то
fancy — вообразить
faulty — дефектный
fresh — свежий
frozen — замороженный
greengrocer’s – фруктовая лавка
grocer’s — бакалейная лавка
heat (v) — подогреть
horrific — ужасающий
income — доход
informative — информативный
ingredient — ингредиент
in stock/out of stock — в наличии / нет в наличии
juicy — сочный
junk food — вредная еда
junk mail — спам
lean — постный
luxury (n) — роскошь
marvel – чудо, диво
meat — мясо
microwavable — для микроволновой обработки
missing — отсутствует
natural — натуральный
necessity — необходимость
newsagent’s – газетный киоск
nutritious — питательный
official apology — официальное извинение
on (special) offer — (специальное) предложение
on sale – на распродаже
order (n) — заказ
order a meal/pizza — заказать еду / пиццу
oven — духовой шкаф
packed lunch — упакованный ланч
pay by cash — платить наличными
peel — чистить
pet food — корм для животных
pet shop — зоомагазин
plate — тарелка
polish (n) — полировка
precooked — предварительно приготовленный
privacy — конфиденциальность
put up with — смириться с
refund — возврат
replace — замещать
replacement — замена
revolutionary — революционер
ridiculous — смешной
salt — поваренная соль
saucepan — кастрюля
sensational — сенсационный
serve (v) — обслуживать
shake — встряхивать
shoe shop — магазин обуви
shop assistant — продавец
shopping centre/mall — торговый центр
shopping trolley — тележка для покупок
shrink — сокращаться
sliced — нарезанный
slogan — лозунг
soup — суп
spam — спам
special — особый
stale — несвежий
stationery — канцелярские товары
stew — тушеное мясо
supermarket — супермаркет
sweat — пот
takeaway – еда на вынос
tasty — вкусный
teabag — чайный пакетик
tinned — консервированный
tough — жесткий
TV commercial — ТВ-реклама
underwear — нижнее белье
variety (flavour) — разнообразие (ароматов)
vegetarian — вегетарианец
VOCABULARY ACTIVATOR
Ex. 1 Complete with words from the Word List. — Дополните слова из списка слов.
Noun – Adjective — Существительное — Прилагательное
1. appetite – appetizing — аппетит — аппетитный
2. cliché – clichéd – клише — шаблонный
3. coincidence – coincidental — совпадение — совпадающий
4. convenience – convenient — удобство — удобный
5. cosmetics – cosmetic — косметика — косметический
6. disruption – disruptive — разрушение — разрушительное
7. information – informative — информация — информативная
8. luxury – luxurious — роскошь — роскошный
9. microwave – microwavable — микроволновая печь — для микроволновой обработки
10. necessity – necessary — необходимость — необходимый
11. nutrition – nutritious — питание — питательное
12. privacy – private — конфиденциальность – частная жизнь
13. ridicule – ridiculous — насмешка — смешной
14. sensation – sensational — сенсация — сенсационный
Ex. 2 Complete the sentences with words from Exercise 1. — Дополните предложения словами из упражнения 1.
1. If you arrange food properly on a plate, it looks more appetising. — Если вы правильно раскладываете еду на тарелке, она выглядит более аппетитной.
2. Do you think cosmetics are a luxury or a necessity? — Считаете ли вы, что косметика — это роскошь или необходимость?
3 It’s important to start the day with a nutritious breakfast or you won’t have enough energy. — Важно начать день с питательного завтрака, или вам не хватит энергии.
4. I do most of my shopping in our local shop because it is convenient. — Я делаю большую часть своих покупок в нашем местном магазине, потому что это удобно.
5. A packet of soup should have information about the ingredients printed on the box. — Пакет супа должен содержать информацию об ингредиентах, напечатанную на коробке.
6 Although most convenience food is microwavable you can usually heat it up in a normal oven too. — Хотя большинство блюд быстрого приготовления является пригодными для микроволновки, вы обычно можете подогреть их в обычной духовке.
Ex. 3 Complete the conversation with the words formed from those given in brackets. — Завершите разговор словами, сформированными из слов, указанных в скобках.
Manager: Can I help you? — Могу ли я вам помочь?
Customer: I hope so. I’m afraid that I want to make a 1) complaint. — Надеюсь. Боюсь, что я хочу подать жалобу.
Manager: What’s the problem, sir? — В чем проблема, сэр?
Customer: I bought this 2) frozen vegetarian meal here yesterday. However, when I read the very 3) informative list of ingredients I saw that it contains butter which is animal fat. — Клиент: Я купил эту замороженную вегетарианскую еду здесь вчера. Однако, когда я прочитал очень информативный список ингредиентов, я увидел, что в нем содержится масло, которое является животным жиром.
Manager: I’m sorry, sir, I must 4) apologise on behalf of Trufood Supermarket. Would you like a 5) replacement? — Извините, сэр, я должен извиниться от имени супермаркета Настоящая еда. Хотите заменить?
Customer: No, thank you. I think I’d prefer to have my money 6) refunded. — Нет, спасибо. Думаю, я предпочел бы вернуть мои деньги.
Ex. 4 Complete the text with the correct alternatives. — Дополните текст правильными альтернативами.
A lot of young people in Britain have 1) unhealthy diets which include too many 2) convenience foods which are full of fat and 3) salt. A lot of people 4) blame schools for not educating students to know about the benefits of having a balanced, 5) nutritious diet. However, others say that parents are at fault for allowing their kids to eat too much 6) junk food and too many 7) takeaways.
У многих молодых людей в Великобритании нездоровые диеты, которые включают слишком много полуфабрикатов, которые полны жира и соли. Многие люди обвиняют школы в том, что они не воспитывают студентов, рассказывая о преимуществах сбалансированной питательной диеты. Тем не менее, другие говорят, что родители виноваты в том, что они разрешают своим детям есть слишком много нездоровой пищи и слишком много еды на вынос.
Ex. 5 Complete the restaurant review with adjectives from the Word List. — Завершите обзор ресторана прилагательными из списка слов.
Eating Out with Mike Dee
If you are thinking of going to Luigi’s for a romantic dinner, don’t! I took my favourite person there and although the menu described the steaks as 1) juicy, the fish as 2) fresh frozen from the sea and the ice cream as thick and 3) creamy — the truth was very different.
The first course was soup which was very salty and it was served with 4) stale bread which must have been at least three days old. The meat was 5) fresh (delicious) but it was so 6) tough that it hurt my teeth, the fish was definitely 7) frozen because it still had ice in the middle. And to end it all, the ice cream wasn’t — it was liquid!
Едим с Майком Ди
Если вы думаете о поездке в Луиджи на романтический ужин, не надо! Я брал своего любимого человека туда, и хотя в меню описывались стейки как сочные, рыба как свежезамороженная из моря, так и мороженое, как густое и сливочное — правда была совсем другой.
Первым блюдом был суп, который был очень соленым, и его подавали с черствым хлебом, которому должно быть было как минимум три дня. Мясо было свежее, но было такое жесткое, что мне было больно зубам, рыба была определенно заморожена, потому что у нее все еще был лед посередине. И, чтобы положить конец всему, мороженого не было — было жидкое нечто!
Ex. 6 Complete the text with words from the Word List. — Дополните текст словами из списка слов.
I needed to buy an outfit for my cousin’s wedding, so I went to the 1) shopping centre because all the 2) department stores are there.
The best 3) chain store is Danvers because it sells lots of different clothes and you can usually find something you want. I spent ages looking around, and then one of the 4) shop assistants asked if he could help. I explained what I wanted, and he suggested a suit. I tried one on in the 5) changing room and decided to buy it. Unfortunately, when I took it to the 6) cash register to pay, I discovered that I had no cash and I had left my credit card at home. I was really annoyed, but the cashier said she would keep the suit for me while I went to the 7) cash dispenser to get some money from my bank account.
Мне нужно было купить одежду для свадьбы моей кузины, поэтому я пошел в торговый центр, потому что там есть все универмаги.
Лучшим сетевым магазином является Дэнверс, потому что он продает много различной одежды, и вы обычно можете найти то, что хотите. Я провел годы, озираясь, а затем один из продавцов спросил, может ли он помочь. Я объяснил, что хочу, и он предложил костюм. Я примерил один в примерочной и решил купить его. К сожалению, когда я отнес его на кассу, чтобы заплатить, я обнаружил, что у меня нет наличных денег, и я оставил свою кредитную карту дома. Я был очень раздражен, но кассир сказал, что она придержит костюм для меня, пока я не схожу в банкомат, чтобы снять деньги с моего банковского счета.
Extend your vocabulary
The noun shop has two main meanings — Существительное shop имеет два основных значения:
• a place where you buy things, e.g. a clothes shop — место, где вы покупаете вещи, например магазин одежды
• a place where things are made or repaired, e.g. a machine shop — место, где делаются или ремонтируются вещи, например механический цех
Ex. 1 Read the definitions and complete sentences 1-7 below. — Прочтите определения и дополните предложения 1-7 ниже.
all over the shop (inf.) — things scattered about untidily – повсюду — вещи, неопрятно разбросанные повсюду
set up shop (inf.) — to start a business — создать магазин — начать бизнес
shop someone (v inf.) — to report someone to the police – сдать кого-то — сообщить о ком-то в полицию
shop around (v) — (1) to compare prices and quality in different shops, (2) to look for something better – искать, искать наилучшую цену – (1) сравнить цены и качество в разных магазинах, (2) искать что-то лучше
shop floor (n) — the area in a factory where ordinary workers are — цех — площадь на заводе, где обычные рабочие
shop steward (n) — a worker elected by other workers in a factory or business to represent them in discussion with the management — администратор магазина — работник, избранный другими работниками фабрики или предприятия, чтобы представлять их в ходе обсуждения с руководством
shoplift (v) — to take something illegally from a shop – украсть что-то в магазине — взять что-то незаконно из магазина
shopsoiled (adj) — something that is reduced because it is slightly dirty or damaged — потерявший товарный вид — то, что уменьшается, потому что оно слегка грязно или повреждено
shut up shop (inf.) — to close a shop or business either temporarily or permanently — закрывать магазин — закрывать магазин или бизнес временно или постоянно
talk shop (inf.) — to talk about things that are related to your job – говорить на узкопрофессиональные темы — поговорить о вещах, связанных с вашей работой
1. They shopped around for several months before they decided where to live. – Они приценивались в течение нескольких месяцев, прежде чем решили, где жить.
2. The company director had started her career as a young worker on the shop floor. — Директор компании начал свою карьеру в качестве молодого работника в цехе.
3. The trousers were half price because they were shopsoiled. — Брюки были за полцены, потому что они потеряли товарный вид.
4. The thief’s wife shopped him to the police. — Жена вора сдала его в полицию.
5. Our local cafe shut up shop when a fast food chain opened next door to it. – Наше местное кафе закрылось, когда рядом с ним открылась сеть быстрого питания.
6. I’m not surprised you can’t find your football shorts — your clothes are all over the shop. — Я не удивлен, что вы не можете найти футбольные шорты — ваша одежда валяется повсюду.
7. When Harry and Steve get together they talk shop all the time. It’s so boring! — Когда Гарри и Стив собираются вместе, они все время говорят о своей работе. Это так скучно!
VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
Ex. 1 Match statements 1-7 with responses a-g. – Сопоставьте предложения 1-7 с ответами a-g.
1. Tom’s looking very smart. — g He must be going for an interview. — Том выглядит очень опрятным. — Он должно быть идет на собеседование.
2. Paul’s too skinny. — d He should eat more. — Пол слишком тощий. — Он должен есть больше.
3. Dave’s going bald. — с At least he’ll save money on shampoo! — Дэйв лысеет. — По крайней мере он сэкономит деньги на шампуне!
4. Bill’s very pale. — a He needs to get some sun on his face. — Билл очень бледен. — Ему нужно солнце на его лицо.
5. Steve’s always scruffy. — e He should buy some new clothes or an iron. — Стив всегда неряшливый. — Он должен купить новую одежду или утюг.
6. Colin’s so vain. — f We’ll buy him a new mirror for his birthday. — Колин настолько тщеславный. — Мы купим ему новое зеркало на его дня рождения.
7. Bert is very trendy. — b Yes, his clothes are always the latest fashion. — Берт очень модный. — Да, его одежда всегда самая модная.
Ex. 2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. — Дополните предложения словами в рамке.
1. I’ve got a small goatee beard. — У меня есть маленькая бородка.
2. Come on smile. Show us your dimples! – Улыбнись. Покажи нам свои ямочки!
3. I have a parting on the left. – У меня пробор слева.
4. My fringe is covering my eyes. — Моя челка закрывает глаза.
5. That stubble is turning into a beard. — Эта щетина превращается в бороду.
6. Her two long plaits look lovely. — Две длинные косы выглядят прекрасно.
7. Oh no. I’m getting wrinkles on my face. — О, нет. У меня морщины на лице.
Ex. 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. — Дополните предложения правильной формой глаголов в скобках.
1. I’m looking forward to having a holiday next week. — Я с нетерпением жду возможности провести отпуск на следующей неделе.
2. Instead of sitting at home doing nothing, you should get out and do some exercise. — Вместо того, чтобы сидеть дома, ничего не делая, вы должны выйти и сделать некоторые упражнения.
3. I was always proud of being picked for the school cricket team. — Я всегда гордился тем, что меня выбрали для школьной команды по крикету.
4. Our games teachers expect us to go running even when it is raining. — Наши учителя игр ожидают, что мы продолжим бегать, даже когда идет дождь.
5. You promised to take us swimming this week. — На этой неделе вы обещали взять нас на плавание.
6. You don’t have to apologise for coming last. — Вам не нужно извиняться, что пришли последним.
7. Don’t let them go skating on the lake. It’s not safe. — Не позволяйте им кататься на коньках на озере. Это небезопасно.
Ex. 4 Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. — Завершите второе предложение, чтобы оно имело то же значение, что и первое.
1. Who is that man? I’ve no idea who that man is. — Кто этот человек? Я понятия не имею, кто этот человек.
2. Where is the post office? Could you tell me where the post office is? — Где почта? Не могли бы вы рассказать мне, где находится почтовое отделение?
3. Have we met before? Do you think we have met before? — Мы встречались раньше? Считаете ли вы, что мы встречались раньше?
4. What does this mean? Can anyone tell me what this means? — Что это значит? Кто-нибудь может мне сказать, что это значит?
5. Does this train go to Brighton? Do you know if/whether this train goes to Brighton? — Идет ли этот поезд в Брайтон? Вы знаете, идет ли этот поезд в Брайтон?
6. What are you doing here? Would you mind telling me what are you doing here? — Что вы здесь делаете? Не могли бы вы сказать мне, что вы здесь делаете?
7. What’s the time? Have you any idea what the time is? – Какое время? Вы случайно не знаете сколько время?
Ex. 5 Complete the text with a word from the box in each gap. There are three extra words. — Дополните текст словом из рамки в каждом промежутке. Есть три лишних слова.
Dear Sir,
Why does 1) every food advertisement on TV seem to feature a happy family of four with a big house and car? 2) None of the family are overweight, even if they are eating fast food every time we see them. Adverts which take place in the home 3) either show a woman happily cooking a perfect Sunday lunch 4) or a man making a complete mess of things but rescued by a packet of sauce which turns his cooking into a gourmet delight. Oh, and most 5) of these families have a big dog as well, I don’t know why.
I have just seen two food advertisements and 6) neither of them were at all interesting, 7) nor did they make me want to buy the food being advertised.
Yours,
Bertram Fielding
Уважаемый господин,
Почему каждая реклама на телевидении, по-видимому, включает счастливую семью из четырех человек с большим домом и автомобилем? Ни у кого из семьи нет избыточного веса, даже если они едят фаст-фуд каждый раз, когда мы их видим. Объявления, которые происходят в доме, либо показывают женщину, которая счастливо готовит идеальный воскресный обед, либо человека, делающий полный беспорядок вещей, но спасенный пакетом соуса, который превращает его приготовление в восторг для гурманов. О, и большинство этих семей тоже имеют большую собаку, я не знаю, почему.
Я только что видел два рекламных объявления, и ни одно из них не было интересным, и они не заставили меня хотеть купить рекламируемую пищи.
С уважением,
Бертрам Филдинг
Essential TV shows — Основные телевизионные шоу
Saturday 23 March — Friday 29 March — Суббота 23 марта — пятница 29 марта
This week’s choices by Joseph Teller; writer and radio presenter. — Выбор Джозефа Теллера, писателя и радиоведущего, на этой неделе.
1-F. Have I Got News For You?
Two teams answered questions about the week’s news but with guests from the worlds of comedy, politics and journalism it was the funniest half hour on television. Everyone knows that the jokes were rehearsed beforehand but it all sounded so clever, the way they could think of the perfect joke, whatever the topic that was being talked about.
Есть ли у меня новости для вас?
Две команды ответили на вопросы о новостях недели, но с гостями из мира комедии, политики и журналистики это был самые смешные полчаса по телевидению. Всем известно, что анекдоты были репетированы заранее, но все это звучало так умно, словно они могли придумать идеальную шутку, какова бы ни была тема, о которой говорили.
2-B. Thunderbirds
An action packed adventure series made in the 1960s and starring … puppets with visible strings and unchanging facial expressions. It was the highlight of the week. The Thunderbirds themselves, were different rockets and spacecraft, piloted by members of the Tracey family. Everyone had their favourite. Mine was Thunderbird 2, flown by the coolest brother, Virgil Tracey.
Буревестники
Серия экшн-приключений, созданная в 1960-х годах и в главных ролях … куклы с видимыми струнами и неизменными выражениями лица. Это было изюминкой недели. Сами Буревесники (Тандерберды), были разными ракетами и космическими кораблями, пилотируемыми членами семьи Трейси. У каждого были свои любимые. Мой был Буревесник 2, на котором летел самый крутой брат, Вергилий Трейси.
3-E. Dr Who
Nowadays it is quite a big budget show, but back in the old days you could see that the monsters were obviously made of cardboard, plastic and aluminium foil. It was shown on Saturdays, just after the football results, and it was really terrifying and everyone I know used to watch it from behind the sofa, hiding whenever anything frightening was about to happen.
Доктор Кто
В настоящее время это довольно большое бюджетное шоу, но в прежние времена вы могли видеть, что монстры были сделаны из картона, пластика и алюминиевой фольги. Его показывали по субботам, сразу после футбольных результатов, и это было действительно ужасно, и все, кого я знаю, смотрели его из-за дивана, прячась всякий раз, когда что-то страшное должно было произойти.
4-A. Grange Hill
This programme started up when I was at school and it was a true-to-life drama about a London comprehensive school. Everything that happened to us during the day happened to the characters in the show — bullying, failed exams, girlfriend problems, cross country runs in the rain. Mondays and Wednesdays were days to hurry home because you never wanted to miss it.
Грэндж Хилл
Эта программа началась, когда я учился в школе, и это была настоящая драма о лондонской общеобразовательной школе. Все, что происходило с нами в течение дня, происходило с персонажами шоу — издевательства, неудачные экзамены, проблемы с подружками, кросс под дождем. По понедельникам и средам были дни, чтобы спешить домой, потому что вы никогда не хотели пропустить это.
5-D. The Good Life
This was one of the few programmes that my parents and I both enjoyed when I was younger. It was a very gentle situation comedy about a man who decides to give up his well paid job and live on the land, growing vegetables and keeping animals. The comedy is that he doesn’t want to move out of his posh house on an expensive estate, so you have this man and his wife with pigs in their garden and the elegantly dressed neighbours are, of course, absolutely horrified. It was a pleasant way to spend half an hour on a Sunday evening.
Хорошая жизнь
Это была одна из немногих программ, которыми мы с моими родителями наслаждались, когда я был моложе. Это была очень нежная ситуационная комедия о человеке, который решает отказаться от своей хорошо оплачиваемой работы и жить на земле, выращивать овощи и держать животных. Комедия заключается в том, что он не хочет выходить из своего шикарного дома в дорогом имении, поэтому у вас есть этот мужчина и его жена со свиньями в саду, и элегантно одетые соседи, конечно, абсолютно в ужасе. Это был приятный способ провести полчаса в воскресенье вечером.
READING SKILLS
Ex. 1 Match headings A-F with the TV programmes 1-5. There is one extra heading. For questions 6 and 7 are the statements true (T) or false (F)? — Сопоставьте заголовки A-F с телевизионными программами 1-5. Существует один лишний заголовок. Для вопросов 6 и 7 приведены утверждения правда (T) или неправда (F)?
A Very realistic — Очень реалистично
В He doesn’t look angry. He can’t! — Он не выглядит сердитым. Он не может!
С It got lots of complaints — Было много жалоб
D Fun for all the family — Развлечения для всей семьи
E Cheap but effective. — Дешево, но эффективно.
F Quick thinking? Not really. — Быстрое мышление? На самом деле, нет.
F-6. None of the programmes is still being shown. — Ни одна из программ уже не показывается.
T-7. Four of the five programmes were shown once a week. — Четыре из пяти программ показывались раз в неделю.
COMMUNICATION
Ex. 1 Complete the text with the correct phrases from the box. — Дополните текст правильными фразами из рамки.
Keith: John. Hi. Did you see the play? — Джон. Здравствуй. Ты видел пьесу?
John: Yes. – Да.
Keith: So. 1) What did you think? — Итак. Что ты думаешь?
John: Well, um. 2) The thing is, er… I didn’t really understand it — Ну, эм. Дело в том, э … Я действительно не понял ее.
Keith: Beverley, hello, lovely to see you again. Sorry, John, 3) I wasn’t listening. What did you say? — Беверли, привет, милый, увидимся. Прости, Джон, Я не слушала. Что ты сказал?
John: The play was difficult to understand. – Пьесу было трудно понять.
Keith: Difficult to understand? 4) I’m not sure what you mean. — Трудно понять? Я не уверена что ты имеешь в виду.
John: Well, 5) let me put it another way. Who exactly was your character meant to be? — Хорошо, позволь мне сказать иначе. Кем именно должен был быть твой персонаж?
Keith: You didn’t like me in the play? – Я не понравилась тебе в пьесе?
John: Hold on, 6) let me finish I didn’t say I didn’t like you. You were great. It’s just… help me, Beverley. — Подожди, позволь мне закончить, я не сказал, что ты не понравилась мне. Ты была великолепна. Это просто … помоги мне, Беверли.
Beverley: 7) Do you know what I found strange? — Знаешь, что я нашел странным?
Keith: No, what? — Нет, что?
Beverley: I found myself laughing at the saddest moments. I didn’t… — Я посмеялся над самыми печальными моментами. Я не …
Keith: What? Are you saying you were laughing at me? — Что? Ты хочешь сказать, что ты смеешься надо мной?
Beverley: 9) Just a second, I haven’t finished. I thought the writer should have made it clearer. — Секундочку, я еще не закончил. Я думал, что писатель должен был прояснить ситуацию.
John: Let’s have a drink and Keith can explain it to us. — Давай выпьем, и Кейт сможет объяснить это нам.
Открыть всю книгу
Complete with the words from the Word List. – Дополните словами из списка слов.
Activity/Subject – Person — Деятельность / Предмет — Человек
1. acting – actor – играть роль — актер
2. accounting – accountant – вести учет — бухгалтер
3. banking –banker – банковское дело — банкир
4. designing – designer — проектирование — дизайнер
5. directing – director — режиссура — директор
6. managing – manager – управление — менеджер
7. music – musician — музыка — музыкант
8. politics – politician — политика — политик
9. programming – programmer — программирование — программист
10. psychology — psychologist — психология — психолог
11. teaching – teacher — обучение — учитель
12. therapy – therapist — терапия — терапевт
13. translation — translator — перевод — переводчик
Underline the suffixes used to form nouns. — Подчеркните суффиксы, используемые для образования существительных.
Открыть всю книгу
Вербицкая М. В. Forward. Английский язык для 10 класса. Unit 6 Workbook It’s showtime! – Шоу начинается!
GRAMMAR
Indirect questions — Косвенные вопросы
An indirect question is more polite and formal than a direct question. Usually in English, the longer something takes to say, the more polite it is. — Косвенный вопрос более вежливый и формальный, чем прямой вопрос. Обычно на английском языке, чем дольше говорят, тем это более вежливо.
Where can I get a programme, please? (direct question) — Где я могу получить программу, пожалуйста? (Прямой вопрос)
Could you tell me where I can get a programme, please? (indirect question) — Не могли бы вы сказать мне, где я могу получить программу, пожалуйста? (косвенный вопрос)
Do you happen to know if the cafe is open? — Yes, it is./No, it isn’t. — Вы случайно не знаете, открыто ли кафе? — Да. / Нет.
I wonder whether 1 can buy tickets here? — Yes, you can./No, you can’t. — Интересно, можно ли здесь купить билеты? -Да. / Нет.
Can anyone tell me (Could you tell me) when the gallery closes? — Может ли кто-нибудь сказать мне (не могли бы вы мне рассказать), когда галерея закрывается?
Do you remember who made the Star Wars films? — Вы помните, кто снимал фильмы «Звездные войны»?
Have you any idea who made the Star Wars films? — Вы знаете, кто снимал фильмы «Звездные войны»?
Would you mind telling me where the music room is? — Не могли бы вы рассказать мне, где находится музыкальная комната?
We form an indirect question with a polite expression + a question which has the same word order as an affirmative sentence. The question part starts with if, whether or a wh- word. — Мы формируем косвенный вопрос с вежливым выражением + вопрос, который имеет тот же порядок слов, что и утвердительное предложение. Часть вопроса начинается с if, whether или вопросительного слова.
Some indirect questions look like statements because they don’t have a question mark. However, the speaker is really asking for information or help — Некоторые косвенные вопросы выглядят как предложения, потому что у них нет вопросительного знака. Однако говорящий действительно просит информацию или помощь:
I don’t know how to buy tickets online. — Я не знаю, как купить билеты онлайн.
I’d like to know who wrote The Great Gatsby. — Я хотел бы знать, кто написал Великий Гэтсби.
Mind the trap! – Избегайте ловушки!
Always use affirmative word order in an indirect question. — Всегда используйте утвердительный порядок слов в косвенном вопросе.
What time is it? (direct question) — Который сейчас час? (Прямой вопрос)
Do you happen to know what time it is? (indirect question) — Вы случайно не знаете, который сейчас час? (косвенный вопрос)
Indirect questions do not have the auxiliary do. — Косвенные вопросы не имеют вспомогательных слов.
Do you live near here? (direct question) — Вы здесь живете? (Прямой вопрос)
Can you tell me whether you live near here? (indirect question) — Не могли бы вы рассказать мне, живете ли вы здесь? (косвенный вопрос)
Ex. 1 Put the words in the correct order, to make questions. Start with the words in italic. – Расставьте слова в правильном порядке, чтобы задать вопросы. Начните со слов, выделенных курсивом.
1. I wonder what Macbeth is about. — Интересно, о чем Макбет.
2. Do you happen to know when Shakespeare was alive? — Знаете ли вы, когда Шекспир был жив?
3. Do you think Shakespeare had any children? — Считаете ли вы, что у Шекспира были дети?
4. Have you any idea which actor played Henry V? — У вас есть идея, какой актер сыграл Генри V?
5. Do you know if Romeo or Juliet dies first? — Знаете ли вы, кто сначала умирает Ромео или Джульетта?
6. I’d like to know the name of Shakespeare’s theatre in London. — Я хотел бы узнать название театра Шекспира в Лондоне.
Ex. 2 Match answers a-f with questions 1-6 in Exercise 1. – Сопоставьте ответы a-f с вопросами 1-6 в Упражнении 1.
1-a Ambition, power and greed. — Амбиция, сила и жадность.
2-b About four hundred years ago. — Около четырехсот лет назад.
4-с Kenneth Branagh — Кеннет Брана
6-d The Globe — Глобус
5-e Romeo — Ромео
3-f Yes, three. — Да, три.
Ex. 3 Write the indirect questions. — Напишите косвенные вопросы.
1. Why are English people indirect? — I wonder why English people are indirect. — Почему англичане не прямые? — Интересно, почему англичане являются не прямыми.
2. Is it polite to use an older person’s first name? — Could you tell me if it is polite to use an older person’s first name? — Является ли вежливым использовать имя пожилого человека? — Не могли бы вы рассказать мне, вежливо ли использовать имя пожилого человека?
3. Is it OK to ask someone how much they earn? — I don’t know whether it is OK to ask someone how much they earn. — Можно ли спросить кого-то, сколько они зарабатывают? — Я не знаю, нормально ли спрашивать кого-то, сколько они зарабатывают.
4. Do I have to send a Christmas card to everyone I know? — I’d like to know if I have to send a Christmas card to everyone I know. — Должен ли я отправлять рождественскую открытку всем, кого я знаю? — Я хотел бы знать, должен ли я отправлять рождественскую открытку всем, кого знаю.
5. What time should I arrive if my invitation says 8 p.m.? — Would you mind telling me what time I should arrive if my invitation says 8 p.m.? — В какое время я должен прибыть, если мое приглашение говорит 8 часов вечера? — Не могли бы вы рассказать мне, в какое время я должен приехать, если мое приглашение говорит 8 часов вечера?
6. How big a tip should I leave in a restaurant or cafe? — Have you any idea how big a tip I should leave in a restaurant or cafe? – Сколько чаевых я должен оставить в ресторане или кафе? Вы знаете, сколько чаевых я должен оставить в ресторане или кафе?
7. Can I use my host’s telephone without asking first? — I wonder if I can use my host’s telephone without asking first. — Могу ли я использовать телефон моего хозяина, не спрашивая сначала? — Интересно, могу ли я использовать телефон моего хозяина, не спрашивая сначала.
Ex. 4 Match answers a-g with questions 1-7 in Exercise 3. — Сопоставьте ответы a-g с вопросами 1-7 в Упражнении 3.
7-a No, you must get their permission first because they will have to pay for your call. — Нет, сначала вы должны получить разрешение, потому что им придется заплатить за ваш звонок.
6-b If the service has been good, you should leave about ten percent. — Если услуга была хорошей, вы должны оставить около десяти процентов.
3-с Definitely not! We never talk about money. — Определенно нет! Мы никогда не говорим о деньгах.
1-d As you know, in English, the longer and less direct something is, the more polite it is. — Как вы знаете, на английском языке, чем дольше и менее прямо что-то, тем более вежливым оно является.
2-e It’s safest to use Mr, Mrs, Ms or Miss Smith unless they tell you it’s OK. — Безопаснее использовать г-н, миссис, мисс или мисс Смит, если они не скажут вам, что все в порядке.
4-f There are no rules about this — some people send them to everyone they know, others don’t send any. — Нет правил об этом — некоторые люди посылают их всем, кого они знают, другие не отправляют ни одной.
5-g You can be ‘fashionably late’ which means about fifteen minutes after the time they say. — Вы можете «модно опоздать», что означает примерно пятнадцать минут после назначенного времени.
Ex. 5 Complete the questions. — Дополните вопросы.
1. A Have you any idea how much the seats cost? — Вы знаете, сколько стоят места?
В The seats cost from £7.50. — Стоимость мест начинается от 7,50 фунтов стерлингов.
2. A I’d like to know if I can drink some coffee. — Я хотел бы знать, могу ли я выпить кофе.
В Yes, you can. There’s a drinks machine on the top floor. — Да, вы можете. На верхнем этаже есть машина для напитков.
3. A Would you mind telling me whether I can pay by credit card? — Не могли бы вы сказать мне, могу ли я оплатить кредитной картой?
В No, you can’t. We don’t take credit cards. — Нет, вы не можете. Мы не принимаем кредитные карты.
4. A I don’t know if there is any discount for students. — Я не знаю, есть ли скидка для студентов.
В Yes, there is. If you have an international student card, you get a five percent discount. — Да, есть. Если у вас есть международная студенческая карточка, вы получаете пятипроцентную скидку.
5. A Do you happen to know when the gallery closes? – Вы случайно не знаете, когда галерея закрывается?
В Yes, I do. The gallery closes at 5.30. — Да, я знаю. Галерея закрывается в 5.30.
6. A Can you tell me where the gents toilets are? — Можете ли вы сказать мне, где находятся туалеты для мужчин?
В Of course. The gents toilets are downstairs. — Конечно. Туалеты для мужчин находятся внизу.
Ex. 6 Read the conversation. Rewrite the interviewer’s questions so they are polite. Use a different expression for each one. — Прочитайте разговор. Перепишите вопросы интервьюера, чтобы они были вежливыми. Используйте другое выражение для каждого.
Interviewer: Good morning. 1) I wonder if I could ask you some questions? — Доброе утро. Интересно, могу ли я задать вам несколько вопросов?
Woman: Yes, I’ve got some time. — Да, у меня есть время.
Interviewer: First of all: 2) Can you tell me why you are at the Arts Centre today? — Прежде всего: Можете ли вы рассказать мне, почему вы сегодня находитесь в Центре искусств?
Woman: I’m here to see the art exhibition. — Я здесь, чтобы увидеть художественную выставку.
Interviewer: 3) Do you remember how you heard about the exhibition? — Вы помните, как вы узнали о выставке?
Woman: I read about it in the newspaper. — Я прочитала об этом в газете.
Interviewer: 4) Would you mind telling me if you are on our mailing list? — Не могли бы вы сказать мне, находитесь ли вы в нашем списке рассылки?
Woman: No, I’m not. – Нет.
Interviewer: 5) Could you tell me if I can put your name on it? — Не могли бы вы сказать мне, могу ли я вписать ваше имя в него?
Woman: No, I prefer to look in the paper or on your website. — Нет, я предпочитаю смотреть в газете или на вашем сайте.
Interviewer: 6) I wonder how often you come here? — Интересно, как часто вы сюда приезжаете?
Woman: Let me think … once or twice a month. — Позвольте мне подумать … один или два раза в месяц.
Interviewer: 7) Can you tell me which facilities you use? — Можете ли вы рассказать мне, какие средства обслуживания вы используете?
Woman: I usually have a snack and I occasionally buy something in the bookshop. — Я обычно перекусываю, а иногда покупаю что-то в книжном магазине.
LISTENING
Ex. 1 Listen and circle the best answers. — Послушайте и обведите лучшие ответы.
1. The two people, Imogen and Hal, are friends. — Два человека, Имоджен и Хэл, являются друзьями.
2. Their conversation is friendly. — Их разговор дружелюбен.
Ex. 2 Look at pictures A-D. Listen again and number them in the order in which the people talk about them. — Посмотрите на фотографии A-D. Послушайте еще раз и укажите их в том порядке, в котором люди говорят о них.
A-3; B-2; C-1; D-4.
Ex. 3 Read the sentences. Listen again. Are the statements true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS)? — Прочитайте предложения. Послушайте снова. Являются ли утверждения истинными (T), ложными (F) или не указанными (NS)?
F-1. Imogen thinks the picture of three lines is a very clever painting. — Имоген считает, что картина трех линий — очень умная картина.
F-2. Hal’s niece painted the picture of a fishing boat they are discussing. — Племянница Хэла нарисовала картину рыболовного судна, которое они обсуждают.
T-3. Hal knows who Picasso is. — Хэл знает, кто такой Пикассо.
F-4. Hal and Imogen agree that the sailing boat is the best painting. — Хэл и Имоген согласны с тем, что парусная лодка — лучшая картина.
F-5. There are photographs as well as paintings on display. – На показе как фотографии, так и картины.
T-6. They both like the underwater painting. – Им обоим нравится подводная картина.
SPEAKING
Ex. 1 Circle the best answer. — Обведите лучший ответ.
Anna: What did you 1) think of the exhibition? — Что ты думаешь о выставке?
Katie: Well, it was OK — I quite liked the modern sculptures. — Ну, все в порядке — мне вполне нравятся современные скульптуры.
Anna: Did you? 2) Do you mean you liked all those things made from old furniture? — Да? Ты имеешь в виду, что тебе понравились все эти вещи, сделанные из старой мебели?
Katie: Yes, I did. 3) That’s a good point …. — Да. Это хороший момент ….
Anna: They were just old rubbish! — Они были просто старым мусором!
Katie: Sorry, 4) just a second — I haven’t finished. I thought they showed how anything can be art. — Извини, всего секунду — я еще не закончила. Я думала, они показали, как все может быть искусством.
Anna: 5) I’m not sure what you mean. — Я не уверена, что ты имеешь в виду.
Katie: 6) What I mean is, if you look at things with imagination, you can make them into works of art that are new and … — Я имею в виду, если вы посмотрите на вещи с фантазией, вы можете превратить их в произведения искусства, которые являются новыми и …
Anna: 7) Excuse me, can I say something? It isn’t art — it’s just old furniture. — Извини, могу я сказать кое-что? Это не искусство — это просто старая мебель.
Ex. 2 Complete the conversations with phrases from the box. — Завершите беседы фразами из рамки.
Conversation 1
Gemma: Although I liked the actors and the stage design, I didn’t believe any of it. — Хотя мне понравились актеры и сценический дизайн, я не верила ничему из этого.
Mandy: 1) Do you know what I found strange? Why did she leave her children in the station? — Знаешь, что я нашла странным? Почему она оставила своих детей на вокзале?
Gemma: 2) That’s a good point, but what I thought was a bit odd was when she put the cat in the cupboard. — Это хороший момент, но, что я подумала, было немного странно, когда она посадила кота в шкаф.
Mandy: Yeah, that was really weird. — Да, это было действительно странно.
Conversation 2
George: 3) Why don’t you tell us your opinion? — Почему бы вам не рассказать нам свое мнение?
Helena: I’m not sure what I think! 4) The thing is, I just didn’t believe that he loved her. — Я не уверена, что я думаю! Дело в том, что я просто не поверила, что он ее любит.
Alex: And that is important in Romeo and Juliet! — И это важно в Ромео и Джульетте!
Helena: 5) Let me put it another way — the actor who played Romeo looked bored all the time, I couldn’t believe that he would die for her. — Позвольте мне сказать по-другому: актер, который играл Ромео, все время скучал, я не могла поверить, что он умрет за нее.
Alex: 6) Are you saying that he wasn’t a good enough actor for the part? — Вы говорите, что он не был достаточно хорошим актером для роли?
Helena: Well, yes, I am. — Хорошо, да.
WRITING
FILM REVIEW – обзор фильма
Signs (2002) — Знаки (2002)
A-3) Unfortunately, the film is so completely silly that I didn’t care who or what was making the circles. Although the atmosphere is rather mysterious and the cast is extremely good, there are too many weaknesses in the story for it to interest anyone. The Mel Gibson character never does any farming — he spends most of his time jogging from the farmhouse and frowning at the circles. Rather oddly, the director has given himself the part of the neighbour but he isn’t a good enough actor for the part. He is very unnatural and he definitely doesn’t look like a farmer!
К сожалению, фильм настолько глуп, что мне все равно, кто или что делает круги. Хотя атмосфера довольно таинственная, и актерский состав очень хорош, в истории слишком много слабостей, чтобы заинтересовать любого. Персонаж Мела Гибсона никогда не занимается фермерством — он проводит большую часть своего времени, бегая от фермерского домика и нахмурившись на круги. Скорее странно, режиссер отдал себе роль соседа, но он не очень хороший актер для этой роли. Он очень неестественен, и он определенно не похож на фермера!
B-2) The film tells the story of Graham Hess (Mel Gibson) whose wife has died in a car crash. He leaves his job and goes to live on a farm with his brother, played by Joaquin Phoenix, and two children. One morning Hess goes outside to find a 100 metre circle in the middle of one of the fields. The whole film is about who or what is creating these enormous circles — aliens, the ghost of his wife or people having a joke.
В фильме рассказывается история Грэма Гесса (Мел Гибсон), чья жена умерла в автокатастрофе. Он оставляет свою работу и отправляется жить на ферму вместе со своим братом, сыгранным Хоакином Фениксом и двумя детьми. Однажды утром Гесс выходит на улицу, чтобы найти 100-метровый круг посредине одного из полей. Весь фильм о том, кто или что создает эти огромные круги — инопланетяне, призрак его жены или люди, которые пошутили.
C-1) Signs (2002) is by writer-director M. Night Shyamalan who also made the cool thrillers The Sixth Sense and Unbreakable. The film, starring Mel Gibson and Joaquin Phoenix, is another thriller/mystery with a bit of science fiction. The action takes place on a farm in Pennsylvania.
Знаки (2002) – от автора-режиссера М. Найт Шьямалана, который также сделал крутые триллеры Шестое чувство и Нерушимый. Фильм с Мэлом Гибсоном и Хоакином Фениксом — еще один триллер / тайна с небольшим количеством научной фантастики. Действие происходит на ферме в Пенсильвании.
D-4) To sum up, Signs isn’t as good as it could be. It is quite funny in places and there is a bit of tension but I can’t recommend it. The best thing is that, luckily, the running time is only 106 minutes, so it was over quickly.
D-4). Подводя итог, Знаки не так хороши, как могли бы быть. Они довольно забавны местами, и есть немного напряжения, но я не могу рекомендовать его. Лучше всего, что, к счастью, время показа составляет всего 106 минут, так что это быстро закончится.
Ex. 1 Read paragraphs A-D from a film review and put them in the correct order. — Прочитайте абзацы A-D из обзора фильма и поместите их в правильном порядке.
Ex. 2 Read the review again and underline (or label) the information below. — Снова прочитайте обзор и подчеркните (или отметьте) приведенную ниже информацию.
1. the background information about the film. (BI) — справочная информация о фильме.
2. the summary of the plot. (SP) — резюме сюжета.
3. the writer’s opinion (O) — мнение писателя
4. the summary of the writer’s opinion and their recommendation. (O&R) — резюме мнения писателя и их рекомендации.
5. examples of adjectives (A) and modifying adverbs (MA). — примеры прилагательных и изменяющих наречий.
Ex. 3 Write the names of a TV programme and a film you have enjoyed and the names of two you didn’t enjoy. — Напишите названия телевизионной программы и фильма, который вам понравился, и названия двух, которые вам не понравились.
Ex. 4 You are the TV and cinema reviewer for your school magazine. Choose one of the titles you wrote above and write a review. Remember to divide your work into four paragraphs — Вы — рецензент телевидения и кино для вашего школьного журнала. Выберите одно из названий, которые вы написали выше, и напишите отзыв. Не забудьте разделить свою работу на четыре абзаца:
background — справочная информация
summary of the plot — резюме сюжета
your opinion – ваше мнение
summary of your opinion and a recommendation – резюме вашего мнения и рекомендация
WORD LIST
a bit — немного
absolutely — абсолютно
acting – действующий, игра актера
animated / fantasy / feature film — анимационный / фантастический / художественный фильм
annual — ежегодный
archaeology — археология
art gallery — галерея искусств
artist — художник
audience — аудитория
be founded — быть основанным
bother (v) (=disturb) — беспокоить
brainy — башковитый
brilliant — блестящий
carry on (=continue) — продолжить
change for (a banknote) – поменять на
clarify — прояснить
classical music — классическая музыка
clown — клоун
comedy — комедия
completely — полностью
confusing — запутанный
costume — костюм
country music — кантри-музыка
culmination — кульминация
curse — проклятие
desperate — отчаянный
devastation — опустошение
directing (n) — руководство
drama — драма
drawing (n) — рисунок
dreadful — ужасный
enthusiastic — восторженный
exhibition — выставка
express (v) — выражать
extremely – очень, чрезвычайно
fascinating — очаровательный
festival — фестиваль
festivities — празднества
film director — режиссер фильма
final scene — финальная сцена
flee — бежать
float (n) – плот, паром
frame — рамка
free (= no cost) — бесплатно
float (n) — плавать
funk — испуг
gallery attendant – дежурный в галереи
generation — поколение
genre — жанр
grocery store — продуктовый магазин
guitarist — гитарист
have sb in the palm of your hand – удерживать чье-то внимание
hilarious — веселый
hip hop — хип-хоп
hold sb’s attention – удерживать внимание
instant — мгновенное
interactive — интерактивный
interpretation — интерпретация
interrupt — прерывание
jazz — джаз
joy — радость
levee — дамба
main character — главный герой
mask — маска
musical (n) — мюзикл
musician — музыкант
opera — опера
parade — парад
pathetic — жалкий
performance — представление
plasticine — пластилин
play (n) — пьеса
playwright — драматург
plot — сюжет
portrait — портрет
pour — наливать
programme — программа
quarter (district of town) — квартал (район города)
quite — довольно
R&B — Ритм-энд-блюз, или ритм-н-блюз
rather — скорее
recover — оправляться
refrigerator — холодильник
refugee — беженец
reggae — регги
renaissance – Ренессанс, возрождение
rescuer — спасатель
ridiculous — смешной
rotting — гниющий
ruined — разрушенный
screenplay — сценарий
sculptor — скульптор
sculpture — скульптура
season ticket — сезонный билет
sense of humour — чувство юмора
shed — сарай
show (n) — шоу
silly — глупый
songwriter — песенник
soundtrack — звуковая дорожка
special effects — специальные эффекты
spectacular — захватывающий
stage — сцена
star (v) — сниматься
streetcar — трамвай
student discount — студенческая скидка
stunning — оглушающий
suitable — подходящий
survivor – уцелевший, выживший
thrilling — захватывающий
ticket seller — продавец билетов
totally — полностью
traditional/modern art — традиционное / современное искусство
venue — место встречи
visual joke — визуальная шутка
walking stick — трость
warehouse — склад
witty — остроумный
wonder — задаваться вопросом
work of art — произведение искусства
wrecked — разрушенный
VOCABULARY ACTIVATOR
Ex. 1 Complete with words from the Word List. — Дополните слова из списка слов.
Noun (person) — Noun (thing) — Существительное (человек) — Существительное (вещь)
1. artist – art — художник — искусство
2. archaeologist – archaeology — археолог — археология
3. comedian – comedy — комедиант — комедия
4. guitarist – guitar — гитарист — гитара
5. musician – music — музыкант — музыка
6. playwright – play — драматург — игра
7. refugee – refuge – беженец — убежище
8. sculptor – sculpture — скульптор — скульптура
9. survivor – survival — выживший — выживание
Ex. 2 Complete the sentences with nouns from Exercise 1. — Дополните предложения существительными из упражнения 1.
1. Although I like Rembrandt’s paintings, I prefer modern art. — Хотя мне нравятся картины Рембрандта, я предпочитаю современное искусство.
2. Shakespeare is England’s most famous playwright. — Шекспир — самый известный драматург Англии.
3. You can see many of Henry Moore’s enormous metal sculptures in the garden of his home in southern England. — Вы можете увидеть огромные металлические скульптуры Генри Мура в саду его дома на юге Англии.
4. The music for Madame Butterfly was written by Puccini. — Музыка для мадам Баттерфляй была написана Пуччини.
5. Jacob Epstein is one of the 20th century’s greatest sculptors. One of his earliest works was the stone figure on Oscar Wilde’s grave in Paris. — Яков Эпштейн — один из величайших скульпторов 20-го века. Одной из его ранних работ была каменная фигура на могиле Оскара Уайльда в Париже.
6. Singer-songwriter Gloria Estefan fled from Cuba with her parents and arrived in the USA as a refugee in 1959. — Певица-поэт-песенник Глория Эстефан покинула Кубу вместе с родителями и прибыла в США в качестве беженца в 1959 году.
7. Archaeologists have found fantastic ancient art in Egypt’s pyramids and temples. — Археологи нашли фантастическое древнее искусство в пирамидах и храмах Египта.
8. Most of the passengers died when the Titanic sank in icy seas, only twelve of the survivors were picked up from the water. — Большинство пассажиров погибло, когда «Титаник» затонул в ледяных морях, только двенадцать из оставшихся в живых были изъяты из воды.
Ex. 3 Read the invitation and circle the correct words. — Прочитайте приглашение и обведите правильные слова.
You are invited to The School of Art
1) Graduation Show
This year’s 2) thrilling show is the 3) culmination of four years’ work for our students. Our 4) graduates will be available to discuss their 5) exhibits.
Drinks will be served from 6.30 and the 6) exhibition will be officially opened by 7) sculptor Eli Harrison at 7.00.
Вас приглашают в Художественную школу
Выпускное шоу
В этом году захватывающее шоу стало кульминацией четырехлетней работы для наших студентов. Наши выпускники смогут обсудить свои экспонаты.
Напитки будут поданы с 6:30, и выставка будет официально открыта скульптором Эли Харрисоном в 7.00.
Ex. 4 Complete the review with the correct adverbs. — Завершите обзор правильными наречиями.
ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT REVIEW
This year’s School of Art’s graduation exhibition has some 1) absolutely brilliant works of art. And it also has some which are 2) extremely bad.
Students from the 3D art (sculpture to you and me!) course worked with metal and plastic and have made some 3) really fascinating things. For example, Jon Henshaw’s ‘My Mother’s Love’ is a 4) rather witty structure built in an old TV. However, I must admit that I found Gina Constantine’s single empty plate with the title ‘Feeding the World’ 5) absolutely pathetic.
As in previous years, the fashion design students have produced some of the best things. Quentin Gibbon’s 6) really stunning collection of men’s sweaters made from recycled plastics was, for me, the best thing in the show. At the other end of the scale were Will Peterson’s 7) absolutely dreadful wedding dresses made from black plastic bags.
This year’s paintings were totally boring. Although technically good, there was nothing new or different in the exhibition. However, no one can compete with last year’s show with its 9) extremely fantastic work by Ulrike Johansson and Bob Allen. The exhibition is open 10.00-4.00 until 8th August.
Обзор искусства и развлечений.
В этом году выпускная выставка «Школы искусств» имеет некоторые совершенно блестящие произведения искусства. Также есть некоторые, которые очень плохи.
Студенты из 3D-искусства (скульптура для вас и для меня!), конечно, работали с металлом и пластиком и сделали некоторые действительно увлекательные вещи. Например, «Любовь моей матери» Джона Хеншова — довольно остроумная структура, построенная на старом телевизоре. Однако я должен признать, что я нашел единственную пустую тарелку Джины Константин с названием «Кормление мира», абсолютно жалкой.
Как и в предыдущие годы, студенты-дизайнеры моды разработали одни из лучших вещей. Действительно потрясающая коллекция мужских свитеров Квентина Гиббона из переработанных пластиков была для меня лучшей в шоу. На другом конце шкалы были абсолютно ужасные свадебные платья Уилла Петерсона из черных пластиковых пакетов.
В этом году картины были абсолютно скучными. Хотя технически они хороши, на выставке не было ничего нового или отличающегося. Тем не менее, никто не может конкурировать с прошлогодним шоу с его чрезвычайно фантастической работой Ульрике Йоханссона и Боба Аллена. Выставка открыта с 10.00-4.00 до 8 августа.
Ex. 5 Complete the sentences with words from the Word List. — Дополните предложения словами из списка слов.
1. The Mona Lisa is probably the most famous of an Renaissance paintings. — Мона Лиза, вероятно, самая известная из картин Возрождения.
2. Picasso painted his first self-portrait when he was only sixteen. — Пикассо написал свой первый автопортрет, когда ему было всего шестнадцать.
3. ‘Angel of the North’ is Britain’s largest sculpture. It’s 20 metres high, and stands on a hilltop, to welcome visitors to Tyneside. — «Ангел Севера» — самая крупная в Британии скульптура. Она 20 метров в высоту и стоит на вершине холма, чтобы поприветствовать посетителей Тайнсайда.
4. Clowns often wear special white make-up, bright coloured clothes, and very large shoes when they go on stage. — Клоуны часто наносят специальный белый макияж, надевают яркую цветную одежду и очень большие ботинки, когда они выходят на сцену.
5. Murder mysteries belong to the fastest- growing genre of popular literature. — Тайны убийства принадлежат к быстрорастущему жанру популярной литературы.
Ex. 6 Complete the sentences. Form new words from the words in capital letters. — Дополните предложения. Составьте новые слова из слов, данных заглавными буквами.
1. The Cannes Film festival is held annually. — Каннский кинофестиваль проводится ежегодно.
2. The film Clueless is a modern interpretation of Jane Austen’s novel Emma. — Фильм Бестолковые — современная интерпретация романа Джейн Остин «Эмма».
3. Philip Seymour Hoffman won the 2005 Best Actor Oscar for his extraordinary performance in Capote. — Филипп Сеймур Хоффман выиграл в 2005 году Оскар как Лучший актер за выдающееся выступление в Капоте.
4. Shrek is an animated film and it’s absolutely hilarious. — Шрек — анимационный фильм, и он абсолютно веселый.
5. The special effects in The Day After Tomorrow are spectacular. — Спецэффекты в фильме «Послезавтра» являются захватывающими.
6. The Wizard of Oz is one of the most famous musical films ever made. — Волшебник из страны Оз — один из самых известных музыкальных фильмов, когда-либо созданных.
7. The plot of Syriana is rather confusing. You may need to see the film twice! — Сюжет Сирианы довольно запутан. Возможно, вам придется дважды посмотреть фильм!
Extend your vocabulary
Ex. 1 Read the definitions and complete the sentences. — Прочитайте определения и дополните предложения.
THESAURUS: FILM AND CINEMA
art house — films which are experimental and don’t follow the Hollywood pattern — often made by small companies on low budgets — арт-хаус — фильмы, которые являются экспериментальными и не следуют образцу Голливуда — часто делаются небольшими компаниями по низким бюджетам
box office hit — a film which is very popular so it makes a lot of money at the box office where people buy their tickets — кассовый хит — фильм, который очень популярен, поэтому он зарабатывает много денег в кассе, где люди покупают свои билеты
premiere — the first time a film is shown — usually a glamorous occasion — премьера — впервые показанный фильм — обычно это гламурное событие
running time — how long a film lasts – продолжительность — как долго длится фильм
release — to make a film available for people to see — релиз — сделать фильм доступным для людей, чтобы увидеть
(film) score — music written for a film – саундтрек — музыка, написанная для фильма
screen (a film) — to show a film – экранизировать — показать фильм
scriptwriter — a person who writes screenplays – сценарист — человек, который пишет сценарии
shoot a film — make a film — снимать фильм
1. The film premiere in Los Angeles was attended by hundreds of Hollywood celebrities. — Премьеру фильма в Лос-Анджелесе посетили сотни знаменитостей Голливуда.
2. Most of Stanley Kubrick’s Vietnam film Full Metal Jacket was shot in London. — Большая часть фильма «Цельнометаллическая оболочка» Стэнли Кубрика была снята в Лондоне.
3. Scott Fitzgerald was a Hollywood scriptwriter in the 1930s. — Скотт Фицджеральд был голливудским сценаристом в 1930-х годах.
4. Our local art house cinema always screens classic films on Sunday mornings. — Наш местный кинотеатр домашнего искусства всегда показывает классические фильмы в воскресенье утром.
5. Any film with Johnny Depp will be a box office hit because he is so popular. — Любой фильм с Джонни Деппом станет хитом в кассе, потому что он так популярен.
6. Film companies always release children’s films in time for the school holidays. — Кинокомпании всегда выпускают детские фильмы к школьным каникулам.
7. The running time is 120 minutes so we’ll be able to catch the last bus home. — Продолжительность составляет 120 минут, поэтому мы сможем успеть на последний автобус домой.
8. Ennio Morricone’s beautiful score for The Mission is one of the best in cinema history. — Прекрасный саундтрек Эннио Морриконе для Миссии — один из лучших в истории кино.
My
computer’s broken, and I don’t understand the manual. It’s so
iiMU
Close your books. Listen to the beginnings of the lines. Complete
them.
What
have you seen on television or in the I / reii(j
a
Spy
novcl
cinema
recently? What books have you read? I // was
very exciting. What
did you think of them? Tell a partner.
ed/-ing
adjectives
|
excit- |
|
|
frighten- |
|
|
bor- |
■ed |
|
interest- |
|
|
confus- |
|
|
disappoint- |
-ing |
|
worry/worri- |
|
|
surpris- |
READING
AND SPEAKING
Into
the wild
-
Describe
what you can see in the photograph. Which country do you think it
is? What makes life difficult for people who live here? -
Read
the introductory paragraph and the words in bold. In pairs, decide
whether these statements arc true («/) or false (X).
-
Chris
McCandless died very young. • He loved nature and a simple life. -
He
was killed by hunters. • He wanted to die. -
He
didn’t enjoy his life. • He knew he was dying.
What
do you want to know about Chris?
-
Read
to the line ending “… Thank
youV his diary reads”
and answer the questions.
-
Did
Chris keep in touch with his parents?
When
did they last hear from him?
-
Why
did he get rid of his car and burn his money? -
What
did he need? What didn’t he need? -
In
what way was his life rich?
-
Read
to the line ending “… I
didn’t know where he was.”
Choose
the best answer.
-
Chris
didn’t get on with his father because his father П
had
a lot of money.
-
didn’t
let Chris work in the family business. -
tried
to tell Chris what to do.
-
When
the parents didn’t hear from Chris,
-
the
police got in touch with them. -
they
got in touch with the police. -
they
did nothing.
-
In
July 1992
-
his
mother dreamt that she heard Chris calling her. -
his
mother is sure that she heard Chris calling her. -
Chris
phoned his mother for help.
-
Read
to the end. Corrcct the mistakes in this summary.
Chris
got the train to Alaska, and arrived in May, 1992. He lived in a
bus, and there was a bed and a bath in it. He was very happy. There
was lots to eat — small animals, and fruit and vegetables, which he
grew himself.
After
five months of living alone, he started to feel ill. He had no
strength because he was eating poisonous plants, but he didn’t know
that this was the reason. He continued eating. He died of food
poisoning.
He
knew he was dying. He wrote a Letter to his parents, and took a
photo of himself. He seemed happy to die in these circumstances.
What
do you think?
-
W’hat
was important to Chris? What wasn’t important? -
What
do you think he was trying to do? -
Why
do young people feel the need to break away from their parents?
In
April 1992, Chris McCandless, a young man from a wealthy American
family, hitchhiked to Alaska. Four months later, his dead body was
found by a group of hunters. Jon Krakauer investigated the story.
When
Chris McCandless graduated from Ivmory University, Atlanta, in June
1990, he sent his parents a letter containing his final reports. His
letter ended ‘Say ‘Hi’ to everyone for me.’
No
one in Chris’s family ever heard from him again.
He
drove west out of Atlanta, and invented a new life for himself with
a new name. He left his car in some woods and burned all his money,
because, as he wrote in his diary, ‘I
need no possessions. 1 can survive with just nature.’
For
the next two years, he hitched to various parts of the United States
and
‘I
need no possessions. I can survive with just nature.’
Mexico.
He wanted the freedom to go where lie wanted and to work when he
needed. For him, his life was very rich. ‘God,
it’s great to be alive. Thank you! Thank you!’ his
diary reads.
Chris
came from a comfortable background. His father had a business which
he ran efficiently, and he controlled his own family in a similar
way. Chris and his father didn’t get on. When his parents didn’t
hear from him for several months, they contacted the police, hut
they could do nothing. In July 1992, two years after Chris left
Atlanta, his mother woke in the middle of the night.
‘I
could hear Chris calling me. I wasn’t dreaming. He was begging,
‘Mom! Help me!’ But 1 couldn’t help him because 1 didn’t know where
he was.’
Chris’s
dream was to spend some time in Alaska, and this is where he went in
April 1992. In early May, after a few days in the Alaskan bush,
Chris found an old bus which hunters used for shelter. It had a bed
and a stove. He decided to stay there for a while. ‘Total
freedom/ he
wrote. ‘My
home is the road/
However,
reality soon changed the dream. He was hungry, and it was difficult
to find enough to eat. He shot ducks, squirrels, birds, and
sometimes a moose, and with these he ate wild potatoes, wild
mushrooms, and berries. He was losing a lot of weight.
On
July 30 he wrote, ‘Extremely
weak. Fault of potato seed. Can’t stand up. Starving. Danger/ It
seems that Chris was eating a part of the wild potato plant that was
poisonous. He couldn’t get out of the bus to look for food. ‘I
am trapped in the wild/ he
wrote on August 5.
He
became weaker and weaker as he was starving to death. His final note
says, ‘I
have had a good life and tliank the Lord. Goodbye and may God bless
all!’
Then
he crawled into his sleeping bag and lost consciousness. He probably
died on August 18. One ol the last things he did was to take a photo
of himself, one hand holding his final note, the other hand raised
in a brave goodbye. His face is horribly thin, but he is smiling in
the picture, and the look in his eyes says ‘I am at peace.’
to
kidnap a balaclava to tie up a blindfold a witness
LISTENING
AND SPEAKING
It
was just a joke
-
In
Britain, your eighteenth birthday is important, because it is the
birthday when you become an adult. Which birthdays are special in
your country? What do people do? -
You
will hear a boy called Jamie describing what he did on his friend’s
eighteenth birthday. It was just a joke, but it looked serious!
Look at the pictures. What do you think happened? Check that you
know these words.
PLEASE
-
1Ш[‘Ж1
Listen to Jamie being interviewed- Does he tell the story in the
same order as the pictures?
-
Answer
the questions.
-
Identify
these people in the pictures.
Tom
Jamie Dave Andrew the witness
-
Imagine
who says these lines
in
the story.
-
I’ve
had a really good idea for Tom’s birthday! -
Lie
on the ground! Don’t move! -
Please
let me go! -
Send
the police immediately! -
Come
and help. This looks really serious. -
Happy
birthday, dear Tom! -
You
*****s! I thought you were my friends1^ -
I
knew it was you from the beginning! -
Excuse
me, gentlemen. Can I just ask you a few questions? -
I
think we have a bit of a confession to make.
Roleplay
With
a partner, roleplay one of
these
conversations and retell the
story.
-
Tom
talking to his girlfriend -
the
witness talking to the emergency services -
Jamie
talking to the policeman
EVERYDAY
ENGLISH
Exclamations
with so
and such
-
H№l
Read and listen to the sentences.
Tom
was scared. He
was very
scared. He was so scared!
Do
you think this use of so
is more written or spoken? What effect docs it have?
-
Look
at the sentences. When do we use so, such
a(n)» such,
so
many,
and so
much?
We
were all so
worried!
Mike’s
such an
idiot!
It
was such
a good idea
of Jamie’s!
He
has such
crazy friends!
We
had such
awful weather
on holiday!
There
are so
many places
I want to go to!
I’ve
got so much
work!
-
Complete
the sentences in A with so,
such
а,
suchy
so manyy
or so
much.
Then match them with the sentences in B.
|
A |
В |
|
1
1
She 1 |
tdt’Kl
Listen and check. Practise the exclamations. 4 What can you say …
?
• at
the end of a long journey
-
when
you finish an interesting book with a sad ending -
as
you go round a friend’s new flat -
at
the end of a wonderful meal -
in
a row with your boyfriend/girlfriend -
at
the end of a great English lesson
Things
that changed the world
V
erbs
and nouns that go together
|
1 |
Champagne |
Japan. |
||
|
2 |
Whisky |
France. |
||
|
country? |
Rice |
is |
made |
England. |
|
Rolls |
Hawaii. |
|||
|
Nikon |
are |
grown |
Brazil. |
|
|
Coffee |
China. |
|||
|
Pineapples |
Scotland. |
STARTER
SOLD
WORLDWIDE
Passives
1
Do
you drink (k)ca-Cola? Do you think these facts about Coca-Cola arc
true (/) or false (/)?
-
□
1.6
billion gallons are sold every day. -
D
Coca-Cola is drunk in every country in the
world.
-
□
It
was invented in the USA. -
□
It
is nearly 100 years old.
Read
the story of Coca-Cola and check your ideas.
Things
go better with
Coca-Cola
is
enjoyed
all over
the world. 1.6
billion gallons are sold every year, in over one hundred and sixty
countries. The drink was invented by Dr John Pemberton in Atlanta as
a health drink on 8
May 1886, but it was given the name Coca-Cola by his partner, Frank
Robinson, because it was originally made from the coca (cocaine)
plant. In the first year, only nine drinks a day were sold.
The
business was bought by a man called Asa Candler in 1888, and the
first factory was opened in Dallas,Texas, in 1895. Coca-Cola is
still made there. Billions of bottles and cans have been produced
since 1895, but the recipe is still kept secret!
Diet
Coke has been made since 1982, and over the years many clever
advertisements have been used to sell the product. It is certain
that Coca-Cola will be drunk far into the twenty-first century.
GRAMMAR
SPOT
-
N
-
Read
the text again and write the passive verb forms under these
headings.
►►
Grammar
Reference 11.1 pl402
Don’t look at the text! Look at the passive verb forms in the
columns above and try to remember the whole sentence.
early
all the verb forms in the text about Coca-Cola are in the passive.
The passive is formed with the verb to
be
and the past participle. -
Champagne
is made
in
France.
P
|
Present |
Past |
Present |
will |
|
is |
was |
have |
3
What is the main interest of the text? Dr John Pemberton? Frank
Robinson? Coca-Cola?
When
we are more interested in the object of the active sentence, we use
the passive. Active:
Dr
John Pemberton invented Cola-Cola.
Passive:
Cola-Cola
was invented by Dr John Pemberton.
ineapples are
grown in
Hawaii.
_
Active
and passive
-
Complete
these sentences.
|
Active |
Passive |
|
Rolls
Rice
The
Two
The
10.000
Were The |
2
Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense, active or passive.
History
of the
Hamburger
The
hamburger is
the most eaten food in the whole world.The first hamburgers
(I) (make)
and sold in Connecticut in 1895 by an
American
chef
called
Louis Lassen. Louis (2) (call)
them hamburgers
because
he (3) _ (give) recipe
by sailors from Hamburg in Germany.
Hamburgers
(4) (become) a favourite in America in the early part of
the
twentieth century.Their popularity (5) (grow)
even more after
the
Second World War. when they (6) (buy)
in large quantities by
teenagers
who
(7) (prefer) fast food to family meals. In 1948 two
brothers,
Dick and Mac McDonald (8) (open)
a drive-in hamburger
restaurant
in San
Bernardino. California. Since then over 25,000 McDonald s
restaurants (9) _ (open) worldwide and now 35 million McDonalds
hamburgers
(10)
(eat) every day in I 15 countries from India to the
Arctic
Circle.
Questions
and answers
-
Match
the question words and answers.
Verbs
and nouns that go together
cargo
|
Louis |
|
|
When? |
In |
|
Where? |
In |
|
Who? |
In |
|
Why? |
Because |
|
How |
25,000. |
|
35 |
-
In
each box below, one noun does not
go with the verb. Which one?
watch
bananas £3,000
rice
GROW
CARRY
m
,saJ
-
Complete
the questions using the passive. Ask and answer them with a
partner.
f
When
was the first hamburger made?
J
tiilt
Listen and check.
-
Complete
the conversations and practise them with a partner.
f
Is
cotton grown in England?
J
No,
it isn’t. It’s grown in China and the USA.
-
A
Are
Coca-Cola and hamburgers sold only
in
America?
Getting to know you 7
PRACTICE 9
VOCABULARY 10
LISTENING AND
SPEAKING 16
The way we live 29
PEOPLE AND PLACES 29
PRACTICE 32
VOCABULARY 33
READING AND
SPEAKING 33
N
THE 39
LISTENING AND
SPEAKING 42
EVERYDAY ENGLISH 43
It all went wrong 45
THE BURGLARS’
FRIEND 45
The burglars’
friend 45
PRACTICE 47
NEWSPAPER STORIES 49
LISTENING AND
READING 52
The perfect crime 53
VOCABULARY 58
Let’s go
shopping! 61
PRACTICE 62
MY UNCLE’S A
SHOPKEEPER 63
PRACTICE 63
READING 65
VOCABULARY AND
LISTENING 68
EVERYDAY ENGLISH 70
What do you want to
do? 71
HOPES AND AMBITIONS 71
FUTURE INTENTIONS 41
READING 43
VOCABULARY 45
You’ve got a friend,
by Carole King 46
Tell me! What’s it
like? 49
WORLD TRAVEL 49
big, BIGGER,
BIGGEST! 50
mlH of 56
,
—T 63
IF — IF — 73
ДДВ
Listen and check.
Check
it
-
Underline
the correct word or words in each sentence.
-
Where
was
/ were
these shoes made? -
1
was given this watch by
/ from
my aunt. -
Someone
has
stolen / has been stolen
my bag! -
The
newsagent sells
/ is
sold
stamps. -
British
policemen don’t
carry / aren’t carried
guns. -
All
the beer was drank
/ drunk
by nine o’clock. -
Have
all the sandwiches eaten
/ been eaten?
five
centimetres a briefcase a gun
|
a hello |
advice |
|
|
TELL
the
a |
GIVE
information |
|
|
weight LOSE the |
th a |
e KEEP
secret |
|
the |
a |
a
beard
passengers
-
Work
with a partner. Choose two nouns from each box, and write two
sentences using the verb. Read your sentences to the class.
Rice
is grown in China.
The
ship carried
a cargo of tobacco
and cotton.
-
Which
six nouns do not go with the verbs? Which verbs do they go with?
Complete the sentences with the correct verbs.
hello
to your parents from me when you
sec
them.
-
I
was
late for work because I the
bus. -
This
is my grandfather’s watch. He it every
day
until he died.
-
I just a
good idea. Let’s cat out
tonight.
-
My
uncle £500 on the stock exchange. -
We a
complaint to the manager because
our
meal was so bad.
READING
AND SPEAKING
T
hree
plants that changed the world
-
Read
the introduction to a book review. What is the book about?
Seeds
of Change
By
Henry Hobhouse
R
History
books are full of the ways in which the actions of men and women
have changed the world, but what about plants? Which plants have
changed history? Henry Hobhouse, farmer and journalist, discusses
this topic in his fascinating and illuminating book Seeds
of Change.
eviewed by Donald Crisp
-
Look
at these drawings. Do you recognize the three plants?
|
nouns: |
addict |
fabric |
silk |
plantation |
slaves |
lung |
|
verbs: |
chain-smoke |
inhale |
ban |
sweeten |
refine |
chew |
-
W
3
ЛИ
the words below appear in the article about the plants. Which words
do you think go with which plant? Some go with more than one.ork in three groups.
Group
A
Read about tobacco. Group
В
Read about sugar. Group
С
Read about cotton.
-
Which
words from exercise 3 are in your text? What are the bad effects of
the plant? What arc the good effects? Discuss in your group. -
Compare
plants with two students from the other groups. Answer the
questions.
Which
plant (or
plants)…
-
has
been grown for thousands of years? • was the main American export
until 1820? -
was
known as white gold? Why? • became the main American export after
1820? -
was
once thought to be a luxury? • was harvested by slaves? -
caused
the American Civil War? Why? • has caused the death of many
people?
What
do
you think?
Which
of the three plants has most
changed history? How?
Which
plant has done the greatest good? Which has done the greatest harm?
Sugar
Cotton
Tobacco
For
thousands of years tobacco
was
used by the American Indians with no ill-effect. In the 16th century
it was brought to Europe.This early tobacco was mixed with soil and
rather dirty. It was chewed or smoked in pipes only by men — women
thought it smelly and disgusting.
It
was first grown commercially in America in the 17th century on slave
plantations. In the 18th century new technology refined tobacco and
the first cigarettes were produced. By the 1880s huge factories were
producing cigarettes which were clean and easy to smoke.
Chain-smoking and inhaling became possible and by the middle of the
20th century tobacco addicts, both men and woipen, were dying of
lung cancer in great numbers.
Nowadays
cigarette smoking is banned in many places, especially in the USA.
But until 1820 tobacco was America’s main export, and still today
their tobacco industry makes over $4.2 billion a year.
Sugar
cane was grown in India thousands of years ago. In Roman times it
was known in Europe as a great luxury, and it was rare and expensive
for many centuries after that. In 1493 Columbus took a sugar plant
with him to the West Indies, where it grew so well that huge
plantations were started by Europeans and worked on by slaves. The
slaves were shipped across the Atlantic from Africa, packed
sometimes one on top of the other in chains, on a journey that took
six weeks. Many died.The empty ships then carried the sugar back to
Europe. So much money was made that sugar was known as ‘white
gold’.
Sugar
is used to sweeten food and make sweets and chocolate. It is
addictive but unnecessary. By the 16th century tie English were the
greatest sugar-eaters in history. Elizabeth I lost all
her
teeth because she ate so much of it.
Cotton
has been
grown for over five thousand years in places as far apart as Mexico,
China, Egypt, and India. It was first planted in America in 1607.
Before 1800 cotton was a great luxury, more expensive than silk,
because so many workers were needed to pick it. However, a huge
increase in the number of slaves in the American South resulted in
much greater cotton production and a fall in the price. This, and
the new technology of the industrial revolution, made cotton the
cheapest fabric in history. By 1820 cotton was making more money for
the USA than tobacco, and more money worldwide than sugar.
The
American Civil War of 1861-1865
was fought because the Southern States wanted to form z
separate country, so that they could continue to keep slaves on
their cotton plantations. Slavery was banned in the Northern States
in 1808. ft
500,000
soldiers were killed in the war.
L
ISTENING
AND SPEAKING
T
Helps
you relax
enjoy
WRIGLEYS
refreshing
delicious Chewing Gum!
he world’s most common habit: chewing gum
1
CfvWRIGLEYS
tMCft»
tawlmt Inttth
yvui
fn>w AaY/
K.vf>
о
[**«*!
Refnvihbg
— Uelfowu’..’
Do you chcw gum? How often? Stand up and ask the students in
the class. Complete the chart below.
NUMBER
OF STUDENTS WHO CHEW GUM
…
often ^
5^
I
… sometimes
-
…
rarely -
never
Discuss
these questions as a class.
-
Who
often chews gum? Who never chews gum? -
When
and where do you chew gum? -
Where
do you put it when it has lost its flavour?
Y
Enjoy
Healthful Deliciou
DOUBLEMI
GUM
ou are going to listen to a radio programme about chewing gum.
Check the meaning of these words. Which have an obvious connection
with the topic of chewing gum? How?
|
skeleton |
to |
tree |
|
honey |
to |
packet |
|
to |
billboard |
-
Read
the statements below. Do you think they arc true (/) or false (X)?
Discuss with a partner.
-
□ One
million tons of gum is chewed every year. -
C]
Chewing gum was invented in Sweden. -
□ Chewing
gum was found in the mouth of a nine
thousand-year-old
skeleton.
-
□ The
first gum was made of tree sap and sugar. -
□ Babies
are born wanting to rhew gum. -
□ The
ancient Greeks believed chewing gum was good
for
your health.
-
□ South
American Indians made the first packets of
chewing
gum.
-
□ Chewing
gum was taken to North America by the English.
Ilill
Listen
to part one of the programme and check your ideas. Correct the false
sentences.
-
ЯШ
Listen to part two of the programme. Answer the questions.
-
Who
was William Wriglcy? -
What
did he do to advertise chewing gum? -
When
did chewing gum become popular outside the USA? -
What
did the children shout? -
What
is today’s chewing gum made of?
What
do you think?
-
Is
chewing gum a common habit in your country? -
Is
it considered a bad habit? Why/Why not? -
Is
chewing gum good for you? Why/Why not?
TIME
1143
В1Й1
6 II
BANBURV1II11IIII
CALLING
AT ■■
SLOUGH
£11111111 AC
READINGJllllllll EA
OXFORD
lllllllll ЫЕ
TaCKLEVCIIIIIIII dr
SECURITY
MOTICE.
For
security reasons please Keep all your luggage uiith you at all
times, йпу
unattended items UIILL be remoued by the Police uiithout further
uarnin|.
EVERYDAY
ENGLISH Notices
1
When you first go to a foreign country, it can be difficult to
understand notices. Here are some typical English notices. Match
them with these places.
|
1 |
Ш |
a |
|
2 |
□ |
a |
|
3 |
I] |
|
|
4 |
□ |
a |
|
5 |
□ |
|
|
6 |
□ |
a |
|
7 |
□ |
|
|
8 |
□ |
a |
|
9 |
□ |
a |
|
10 |
□ |
a |
|
11 |
□ |
a |
|
12 |
□ |
a |
|
13 |
□ |
|
Q |
|
|
PLEASE |
|
|
KEEP |
|
|
THE |
Premww
pleaded
95
i
Services
5 m & 25 m
im
Listen to five conversations. Where are the people?
W
ork
with a partner. Choose two other places, and write conversations
that could happen there. Read them to the class, and sec if they can
guess the place.
Dreams
and reality
P
Second
conditional
hrasal verbs • Social expressions 2
-
W
STARTER
hich famous person would you like to meet? What would you
talk about? -
Which
country would you like to visit? What would you do there? -
If
you won a lot of money, what would you buy? How much would you give
to friends?
I sweet dreams Second conditional 1 Read about Nicola. Which text describes her life? Which describes her dreams? f I were a princess. I d
live
in a . I’d
have
to
look
after me. My Mum
w
I
live in a
flat with
my Mum and my little brother. My Mum works
in a hospital, so
my Gran often looks after us and she helps my Mum. We have a
budgie.
1 go to St Barnabas School and I wear a green uniform. I can only
have sweets on Saturdays.
4
2
Complete
the text on the right with these words.
horse
sweets palace dress teacher servants
ПЯ1
I listen
and check. Then listen and repeat. 94
Unit 12 • Dreams and reality
ould
be
Queen, and she wouldn’t work.
I wouldn’t go to school. I’d have a private
.
I’d
ride a white
and
I’d wear a long . I could
have
all the I wanted.
GRAMMAR
SPOT
-
W
hat
tense describes Nicolas real life? -
If
I lived in a palace,…
Does
she live in a palace? What tense is lived?
…I’d
have servants.
(I’d = I would)
Is
this a dream or reality?
-
Complete
the rule.
We
make unreal conditional clauses with if*
the tense.
In
the result clause, we use the auxiliary verb + the infinitive.
-
Notice
that was
can change to were
in the condition clause.
If
I were a princess,…
Grammar
Reference 12.1 p141
PRACTICE
Discussing
grammar
1
Make
sentences from the chart.
3
Look at the questions and short answers.
(Ш
Where
would
she live?
^ ( In
a palace.
/
Would
her grandmother
Г
No,
she wouldn’t. She’d have servants.
1 look
after her?
Ask
and answer questions about Nicola s dreams with a partner.
-
What…
her mother do? • What pet…
have? -
…
work? • What…
wear? -
…
Nicola go to school? «…
have a lot of sweets?
cakes
and ice-cream, the answer, a car, taller, so much, a lot of money,
president,
some
money in the street,
2
Put the verbs in the correct form.
-
If
I (be)
rich, I (travel) round the world. First I (go) to
Canada,
then I (go) to New York.
-
If
he (work) harder, he (have) more money. -
1 (go)
to work if I (feel) better, but I feel terrible. -
If
I (can) speak perfect English, I (not be) in this classroom. -
‘What you (do) if a stranger (give) you £1 million?’
feel
better.
get
a job in the police.
lose
weight.
buy
a big house,
build
more hospitals.
keep
it.
tell
you.
give
you a lift.
4№1
Listen and compare your answers.
What
would you do?
-
Discuss
what you would do if…
-
you
came home and found a burglar. -
someone
gave you a present that you really didn’t like. -
you
saw someone shoplifting. -
you
found a wallet with a lot of money in it. -
you
saw two people fighting in the street.
If
I were you . .
.
-
|ДВ
We can give advicc using If
I were you,
Vd
…
-
feel
terrible! My head hurts, and I feel dizzy.
I
If I were you, Vd go to bed.
J
_
Work
with a partner. Give the people advice about their problems.
-
I
have no money. -
My
hairs awful. -
I’ve
got toothache. -
I’ve
had a row with my boyfriend. -
My
car won’t start in the morning. -
My
neighbours make a lot of noise.
WHO
KNOWS?
might
-
яда
i
.istcn to two students saying what they’re going to do when they
leave university. Complete the texts.
-
What
are some of the certainties in Ruth’s life? She’s
having a holiday in Italy.
-
…
villa in Tuscany. -
…
for a job. -
…
flat together. -
…
start looking soon.
-
What
are some of the possibilities in Henry’s life? He
might go to America.
-
…
restaurant for a bit. -
…
Paris for a while. -
…
French girl…
Discussing
grammar
What
are you doing tonight?
I’m
not sure yet. Some friends have invited me to go to Long Island with
them, so I might go to America. I’ll have to earn some money, so
I in a restaurant for a bit. I don’t know what I want to do. 1 love
France, so I in Paris for a while. I could earn some money painting
portraits in Montmartre. Who knows? I a beautiful French girl and
fall in love! Wouldn’t that be wonderful!
GRAMMAR
SPOT
Might
means the same as perhaps…
will….
What
are you doing tonight?
-
don’t
know. I might go out, or I might stay at home. Might
is a modal auxiliary.
Ann
might come round tonight.
-
might
not pass my exams.
Do
we add -s
with he/she/it?
Do
we use do/does
in the negative?
Grammar
Reference 12.2 pl41
-
Choose
the correct verb in these sentences.
-
‘What’s
for supper?’ ‘ We’re
having / we might have
Iamb. It’s in the oven.’ -
‘What
time are we eating?’ ‘Don’t worry. It’ll
he / it might be
ready before your TV programme.’ -
‘Who’s
eating with us?’ ‘I’ve invited Jerry, but he’ll
be / he might be
late. It depends on the traffic.’ -
I’m
going into town tomorrow. I’m
having/1 might have
lunch with Jo at 1.00. -
‘Are
you going to have a winter holiday this year?’ 7 am
f I might.
I haven’t decided yet.’
Possibilities
-
Make
conversations with a partner about
these
future possibilities. One of you isn’t
sure
about anything.
I’m
not sure. I might go out or I might stay at home.
-
What
sort/car/buy? > Fiat/Toyota -
Where/on
holiday?
Scotland/Spain
-
What/have
to eat? steak/fish -
Who/going
to the dance with? ask Tony/ask Richard
-
Ask
and answer questions with a partner
about
your possible future plans:
-
after
the lesson • at the weekend -
this
evening • for your next holiday
Check
it
-
Correct
the mistakes in these sentences.
-
If
I’d have a car, I’d give you a lift. -
They’ll
call their baby Lily, but they aren’t sure yet. -
I’d
visit you more often if you wouldn’t live so far away. -
I’m
playing tennis tomorrow. I’m not sure. -
If
I’m younger, I’ll learn to play the piano, but I’m too old
now.
READING
AND LISTENING
Ghost
stories
-
Do
you believe in ghosts? What would you do if you saw a ghost? Would
you talk to it? Would you run away? -
You
are going to read about a man called Aelwyn Roberts. He’s a
ghostbuster.
Do
you think he… ?
-
believes
or doesn’t believe in ghosts. -
tries
to find ghosts. -
tries
to get rid of ghosts.
Read
the text and find out.
-
Are
the statements true (/)
or
false (X)?
Correct
the false ones.
-
Mr
Roberts is a social worker. -
He
helps to sort out problems for both people and ghosts. -
He
is sure that ghosts exist. -
The
boy knew it was his great-grandfather at the end of his bed. -
The
old man made the boy laugh. -
Mr
Roberts solved the boy’s problem easily. -
Ghosts
are not usually members of the family. -
Mr
Roberts says you should never talk firmly to ghosts.
-
1ЙМИ
Look at the newspaper extract on the right, then listen to an
interview with Alice Lester.
Check
that you know these words, brain
scan consultant tumour operation
-
Answer
the questions.
-
Did
Alice Lester know she was ill before she heard the
voices?
-
What
was she doing when she first heard the voices? -
What
did the first voice tell her? -
Wliat
happened while she was away on holiday? -
What
happened when she returned to London? -
Did
the consultant believe what she told him? -
What
did the voices finally tell her? How is she now?
What
do you think?
-
Do
you think Alice Lester’s story is a ghost story?
-
Do
you believe that Mr Roberts really gets rid of ghosts?
Telling
stories
Do
you know any ghost stories? In small groups, tell your ghost
stories. Which is the most frightening?
The
mysterious case of Alice lister appeared in the British Medical
Journal. Alice claims that she heard voices in her head which
correctly told her that she had a brain tumour.
SAYS
VICAR
Aelwyn
Roberts,79,
used
to be a vicar. He’s retired now, but he still works as a
ghostbuster. He helps people who have ghosts in their houses to get
rid of them.
‘I’m
a kind of social worker for ghosts,’ he explains.‘Some people
die and they still have problems when they leave this world, so they
come back again as ghosts to sort them out. I don’t think ghosts
might
exist.
I know they do
exist.’
He
says he has met thousands of ghosts trapped between this world and
the next. He helps them sort out their problems so they can move on
to the next world.
One
example is typical. At exactly nine every night a three-year-old boy
got out of bed and came downstairs. When his parents asked him to
explain why, he said that
he
saw an old man in a funny hat sitting on the end of the bed and the
man told him to get out of his bed and go downstairs.
For
Mr Roberts this was simple to sort out. He moved the boy’s bed
from one part of the room to another.‘The ghost was the boy’s
great-grandfather and the bed was in his way’, he explains.The
family were never troubled again.
‘Eighty
per cent of the time the ghosts are members of the family. I tell
people that if they want me to get rid of them, I might be throwing
their grandmother out of the house. I worry that they might miss
her.’
Mr
Roberts calls ghosts ‘yesterday’s people’. His advice is
simple.‘You just need to tell them, firmly, to go away and leave
you
Vocabulary
P
hrasal
verbs
-
Phrasal
verbs consist of a verb + adverb/preposition. Some phrasal verbs are
literal.
Go
away and leave me alone.
Take
off your coat and come and sit down.
Complete
the sentences with a word from the box.
out
(x2) up on back
-
Put something
warm. It’s cold today. -
There’s
some ice-cream in the freezer. Can you get it -
Why
arc your clothes on the floor? Please pick them . -
I’m
going to take the dog for a walk. -
When
are you going to your country?
Do
or mime these actions.
[
Тлкь
offyavr coat с<rrri6 лп<(
sif~
down. ii
‘
t
7he
■{ooK
off:
urn
round walk out try something on throw something away look for
something turn something off fall over lie down
-
Some
phrasal verbs aren’t literal.
‘Can
you sort out this problemV The plane took off I gave up my job. Do
or mime these actions.
l
I
j<ve
if
my
job-
ook
after a baby put out a cigarette look up a word ask somebody out
we’ve run out of milk my car broke down Look out! fill in a form
Look
at the position of the object when it is a pronoun in these
sentences. Your
shoes arc dirty, lake them off. This jumper looks nice. Can I try it
on7.
Complete
the sentences with phrasal verbs from exercises 1-2. Use pronouns.
-
‘Where’s
my tea?’ ‘Sorry. I threw . It was cold.’
Getting to know you 7
PRACTICE 9
VOCABULARY 10
LISTENING AND
SPEAKING 16
The way we live 29
PEOPLE AND PLACES 29
PRACTICE 32
VOCABULARY 33
READING AND
SPEAKING 33
N
THE 39
LISTENING AND
SPEAKING 42
EVERYDAY ENGLISH 43
It all went wrong 45
THE BURGLARS’
FRIEND 45
The burglars’
friend 45
PRACTICE 47
NEWSPAPER STORIES 49
LISTENING AND
READING 52
The perfect crime 53
VOCABULARY 58
Let’s go
shopping! 61
PRACTICE 62
MY UNCLE’S A
SHOPKEEPER 63
PRACTICE 63
READING 65
VOCABULARY AND
LISTENING 68
EVERYDAY ENGLISH 70
What do you want to
do? 71
HOPES AND AMBITIONS 71
FUTURE INTENTIONS 41
READING 43
VOCABULARY 45
You’ve got a friend,
by Carole King 46
Tell me! What’s it
like? 49
WORLD TRAVEL 49
big, BIGGER,
BIGGEST! 50
mlH of 56
,
—T 63
IF — IF — 73
-
I
haven’t got time to fill in this form. I’ll fill later.
-
Complete
the sentences with one of these phrasal verbs in the correct form.
grow
up go out with fall out with get on with look forward to
y
-
How
do you
-
Do
you ever
-
What
are you _
-
Are
you
-
Where
did you
our parents?
y
our
brothers and sisters?
_
doing on holiday?
.
anyone at the moment?
?
Or have you always lived here?
In
pairs, ask and answer the questions about you.
EVERYDAY
ENGLISH
S
ocial
expressions 2
1
Complete the conversations with the correct expressions.
I’m
sorry Excuse me of course Pardon
A !
Слп
I get past?
В
?
A
Can
I
get
past, please?
В .
I
didn’t hear you. Yes,
A
That’s
right Oh, what a pity Congratulations Never mind I hear
2
A you’re going to get married soon. !
В ,
next July. July 21. Can you come to the wedding?
A !
That’s when we’re away on holiday.
С
. We’ll send you some wedding cake.
A
That’s very kind.
Hurry
up all right Oh, dear Just a minute I haven’t a clue
3
A ! Look at the time! , or we’ll miss the train.
В !
I can’t find my umbrella. Do you know where it is?
A
. But you won’t need it. It’s a lovely day. Just look at the
sky!
В
Oh, . Let’s go, then.
Good
luck See you later Same to you Good idea What about you No, of
course not
Thanks a lot.
A
A in your exam!
В .
I hope we both pass.
A
Did you go out last night?
В
. I went to bed early. ?
A
Me, too. after the exam. Let’s go for a drink.
В
-
ДНЭ
Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner.
-
Listen
to your teacher. Reply using one of the expressions.
.
Earning
a living
P
resent
Perfect Continuous • Word formation • Adverbs • Telephoning
it
STARTER
Г
When
‘Si
did
you start?
-
Ask
and answer these questions. -
Ask
your teacher the same questions about teaching
English.
How
long have you been learning English?
~V
STREET
LIFE
Present
Perfect Continuous
-
Read
Andy’s story. -
Match
the questions a-f on pi03 with the answers in the text.
ill»
I
.isten and check. Finish Andy’s answer in question 4.
-
With
a partner, cover the questions and practise the conversation. Then
cover the answers, and practise again.
GRAMMAR
SPOT
-
Which
are the questions in the Present Perfect Continuous? What are the
other tenses? -
Look
at these two questions.
How
long have you been selling The
Big Issue?
How
many copies have you sold today?
Which
question asks about the activity of selling?
Which
question asks about the number of magazines sold?
-
Complete
these sentences with the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous.
-
(smoke)
since I was 16.
-
(smoke)
five cigarettes
today.
Grammar
Reference 13.1 p!42
STREET
LIFE
ANDY’S
STORY
Andy,
28, from Scotland, used to have his own taxi business. When he lost
it, he also lost his home and his family. He now sleeps on the
streets in London. The
Big Issue
is a magazine sold by homeless people in Britain. This gives them a
small income, so they can begin to find somewhere to live.
1
□
For
a year. It was very cold at first, but you get used to it.
-
□
-
Came here to look for work, and I never left.
-
□
For
six months. I’m in Covent Garden seven days a week selling the
magazine.
Lots.
But I can’t stand people who think I drink or take drugs. My problem
is I’m homeless. I want a job, but I need somewhere to live before I
can get a job. So I need money to get somewhere to live, but …
-
□
Usually
about fifty.
□
So
far, ten. But it’s still early.
b
How
long have you been selling The
Big Issue?
How
many copies do you sell a day?
с
Have you made many d
How c°P[es
have
friends? you
sold ,oday?
How
long have you been sleeping on the streets?
f
Why
did you come to London?
-
Макс
more questions about Andy.
-
How
long/trying to find a job? -
How
many jobs/had? -
How
long/standing here today? -
How/lose
your business? -
How
long/had your dog? -
Who/best
friend? -
Where/meet
him/her? -
How
long/known each other?
Listen
and check.
-
Ask
and answer the questions with a partner. Invent Andy’s answers.
Listen
and compare your answers.
PRACTICE
Discussing
grammar
-
Choose
the correct tense.
-
How
long have
you been living / do you live in
Paris? -
Anna
has
been finding / has found
a good job. -
Pete
and I have
gone out / have been going out
for over six months. -
1
bought
/ have
bought
a new flat a few months ago. -
How
long have
you had / have you been having
your car? -
Tom
worked
/ has
been working
as a postman for the past month. -
I
Ve written
/ Ve been
writing
an essay all day. -
I
Ve written
/ been writing
six pages.
Talking
about you
-
Put
the verbs in the Present Perfect Simple or
Continuous
or the Past Simple.
-
How
long you (come) to this
school?
-
How
long you (use) this
book?
-
Which
book you (have)
before
this one?
-
How
long you (know) your
teacher?
W
hat
have they been doing?
-
M
ake
a sentence about the people using an idea from the box. Add because
and say what they’ve been doing.
He’s
hot because he’s been running.
hot
back hurts paint on her clothes dirty hands no money tired eyes hurt
wet red face
-
Complete
these sentences in the Present Perfect Simple about some of the
people in
exercise
3.
-
He (run)
five miles. -
They (spend)
all their money. -
She (read)
five books today. -
They (play)
six games. -
He (make)
a cake and a pic.
Getting
information
-
Work
with a partner. Your teacher will give you different information
about the life and career of Steven Spielberg, the movie director.
Ask and answer questions to complete the information.
Unit
13 * Earning a living
Student
A
Steven
Spielberg was born in… (Where?)
He
is one of the most successful filmmakers of the late 20th century,
and in his career he has earned millions of dollars.
^
Where
was Steven Spielberg born?
j
Millions
of dollars.
Student
В
Steven
Spielberg was born in Ohio. He is one of the most successful
filmmakers of the late 20th century, and in his career he has earned
… (How
much?)
How
much has he earned?
VOCABULARY
Word
formation
-
T
Noun
Adjective
death
‘honest
va’riety
mad
‘mystery
beautiful
wealthy
suc’cess
comfortable
peace
hese words appeared in the last few units. Complete the
charts and mark the stress.
|
Noun |
Verb |
|
death |
die |
|
waste |
be’lieve advertise |
|
‘promise |
feel |
|
advice |
|
|
de’scribe |
|
|
invention |
|
|
government |
-
Complete
the sentences with a word from exercise 1.
-
me
that you’ll always love me. -
He
was taken to hospital by ambulance, but he was on arrival. -
‘Are
they ?’ ‘Yes, they’re millionaires.’
‘Where
does their money come from?’ ‘They have a very business.’
-
I
love the and quiet of the countryside. -
I
saw an for a job as a waiter. -
The
sofa was so that I fell asleep. -
I
gave the police a of the man who attacked me. -
I
had a few problems, but Bob gave me some good . -
I
was sitting at home when suddenly I had a funny that I wasn’t
alone.
Adverbs
-
Complete
the sentences with the adverbs.
mainly
possibly really nearly
-
‘Are
you going out?’ ‘ . I don’t know yet.’ -
The
exam was difficult. I couldn’t do any of it. -
‘How
old are you?’ ‘I’m eight. It’s my birthday next week.’ -
I
travel a lot in my job, to Europe.
-
Complete
the sentences with the adverbs.
seriously
exactly carefully fluently
-
I
used to speak French , but I’ve forgotten it now. -
Please
drive . The roads are so dangerous. -
I
have £3.52 to last until the end of the week. -
There
was an accident, but fortunately no one was injured.
Unit
13 • Earning a living 105
READING
AND SPEAKING A
funny way to earn a living
-
Play
the alphabet game with jobs. architect,
accountant,…
businessman,
bookseller,… -
What
is considered to be a good job in your country? Whats an average
salary? -
Look
at the pictures and the headlines, and look at the three texts for
ten seconds only. Answer the questions.
-
Do
they have regular jobs? -
Do
they like their job? -
Each
headline contains one of these words. What’s the difference
between them?
life
lively living
-
Choose
one of the texts, and read it more carefully. Answer the questions.
-
Does
he/she work indoors or outdoors? -
How
long has he/she been doing this job? -
What
docs he/she do in his/her job? -
What
did he/she do before? -
Docs
he/she do the same thing every day? -
How
much docs he/she earn? -
Why
does he/she like the job?
-
Find
two partners who read the other two texts. Compare the three
people. Now answer the questions.
-
Who
cams the most? -
Who
earns the least? -
What
sort of things has Terry found? -
Why
do Tcsco’s employ older people? -
How
long has Cathy been flying balloons? -
What
is Terry’s philosophy on life? -
Why
didn’t Tom phone when he saw the advertisement? -
How
many hours a day does Cathy work?
What
do you think?
What
is your idea of the best and worst jobs in the world? Language
work
Find
five adverbs that end in -ly
in the text about the beachcomber oil p!07.
Lively
Tom, 69, skates for Tesco
He
gets paid for putting on his roller skates
Tom
Hoppcrton is one of 1,200 over-65s working for the supermarket,
Tesco. He’s been working there for fifteen months. Before that he
was a plumber for thirty years.
Tom
skates about five miles a day around the store fetching things for
customers who realize that they’ve forgotten something only when
they’ve reached the checkout till. He earns £4.50 an hour.
41
just love the job. I help the customers, so they’re usually very
nice to me. I’ve always liked meeting people. And it keeps me fit.
I can’t sit at home doing nothing. I’d just die. I have to keep
busy. Time goes really quickly. Every day is different.’ Tcsco’s
made ilic decision to employ people of all ages. It sees the
advantages of older workers who are more calm and authoritative when
they are dealing with customers.
‘When
I saw this job advertised, I didn’t believe they’d give it to
me,’ says Tom. ‘I went in to see them because I thought they
would be put off by my age if I just phoned. I wanted them to sec
that I am very lively for my age.’
Is
it possible to make a living from vvliat you can find on the beach?
Flying
for a living
Cathy
has made a career out of her passion
Cathy
Moorhead has only ever had one job. She has never wanted to do
anything but be in a hot air balloon, going where the wind takes
her, listening to the birds, and watching deer and small animals
below her.
And
she gets paid for it, about £25,000 a year. ‘I’ve been flying
balloons since I was 10, and I have done it professionally for
twelve years. 1 fly between 10 and 20 passengers in different
balloons.’ The flights usually last an hour, and they go early in
the morning or just before sunset. ‘The trips arc always mystery
tours,’ she says. ‘I never know where we’re going to land.’
She
starts work about 6 am, and works anything from 15 hours a day to
nothing, if the weather is bad. ‘We can’t fly if it’s too
windy, if visibility is poor, or if it’s raining. The balloon gets
too heavy and the passengers get wet.’ What’s the best thing
about the job? ‘The job itself. I love being out in the
countryside and I hate routines. So this is heaven for me.’
Life’s
a beach
For
25 years Terry Cemm was a policeman, but for the last
seventeen
years he has been walking up and down five miles of
beach every
day, looking for things that might be useful to someone.
Terry’s
a beachcomber.
Nearly
everything in his cottage has come from the sea — chairs,
tables,
even tins of food. What’s the most unusual thing he has ever
found?
‘A barrel of beer just before Christmas. That was nice/
he
remembers. He finds lots of bottles with messages in them,
mainly
from children. They all get a reply if there’s an
address in the bottle.
Shoes? ‘If you find one, you’ll find the
other the next week/ he says.
But
does he really make a living? ‘Half a living,’ he replies. I
barter
with a lot of things 1 find, and I have my police
pension. But 1 don’t
actually need money. My life is rich in
variety.’
Terry
seems to be a very happy man. ‘You have to find a way to
live a
simple, honest life. People spend all their lives chasing
things
they don’t really need. There’s so much waste.’
‘Some
people say I’m mad,’ says Terry. ‘But there are a lot more
who’d
like to do what I do. Look at me. I’ve got everything that I
could
possibly want.’
‘dxjE^r.:
_ ’—I’
*+
ШШШк/ш
LISTENING
AND SPEAKING
G
iving
news
1
Craig
has left home and has just started his first job in advertising. He’s
on the telephone to his mother.
И
Work
with a partner and decide if these statements are true (/) or false
(X).
-
Craig
starts work at eight o’clock every morning. -
His
mother is worried that he hasn’t been eating well. -
He
goes home immediately after work. -
Craig’s
mother has not heard about Tessa before. -
Craig
and Tessa share a flat. -
Tessa
has been working for the advertising agency longer than Craig. -
Craig’s
father has been working in Holland. -
Craig’s
father has been working hard all day. -
His
mother is coming to London next Thursday.
10
Craig and Tessa are going to cook a meal for his mother.
-
>i№l
Listen
to Craig again. Your teacher will stop the recording. What do you
think his mother said? -
ЧИИ
Listen to the complete conversation and compare your ideas.
Language
work
Read
the tapescript on pi27. Underline examples of the Present Perfect
Simple and Continuous.
Roleplay
Ш1
Listen to his side of the conversation.
-
Read
Ruth’s diary. Work with a partner. One of you is Ruth. It’s
Friday evening and you have phoned your friend for a chat.
^
What
have you been doing? j
VY
u*-‘
******
fUC#-
108
Unit 13 • Earning a living
if•’
Work
with a partner. It is Friday evening. One of you has decided to
phone the other for a chat. Ask and answer questions about what
you’ve been doing this week.
Hi,
there. Vtn exhausted. Vve had a terrible week!
‘T&o
V ’,aw—
fix*
* ‘>
EVERYDAY
ENGLISH
T
Unit
13 • Earning a living
elephoning
-
Practise*
saying these telephone numbers.
020
7927 4863 01923 272994 0797 0800 994 633488 06144 501277 07880 705024
fim
Listen and check.
-
HEM
Listen to some phone numbers in American English. What differences
are there between British and American English? -
И
I .isten to three phone conversations and decide:
-
who
is speaking to who. -
what
about. -
how
well they know each other.
Look
at these telephone expressions.
Who’s
speaking?
Is
that Mike?
This
is John./lt’s John.
(NOT
Here
is
John, or й*
John.)
Complete
these expressions from the telephone conversations.
Could
I Ann
Baker?
I he’s
out at the moment.
Can
I take a I’ll
What
do these mean?
Hold
on. I’ll connect you. Speaking.
-
Look
at the tapescript on pi27/8. Practise the conversations with a
partner. -
Your
teacher will give you a role card. Prepare what you are going to say
alone, then be ready to make a call or answer the phone.
Love
you and leave you
P
ast
Perfect • Reported statements • Saying goodbye
|
They |
every |
|
They’ve |
when |
|
They |
for |
|
They |
a |
|
They |
before. |
Match
the lines about John and Mary.
STARTER
A
LOVE STORY Past
Perfect
-
Texts
A and В
arc summaries of a magazine love story. Read and compare them.
(япнгк
r’Fi
д
TKe-
story
so far —
After
the wedding, Bradley Saskia’s flat. Saskia rang her parent.
Sold
them that she
was married.
ТЬ&«ГаЛсг
a few mon*s
Bradley
began to behave
very
soange.
and
his marriage to Saskia go wrong . • •
в
Tke
story
sc far …
Saskia
and Bradley got married one Saturday in June.They had met only one
week earlier at a party and had fallen in love. After the wedding,
Saskia rang her parents and told them that she was married, and that
Bradley had moved into her flat. They were furious.
Unfortunately,
after a few months, their marriage started to go wrong. Bradley had
begun to behave very strangely …
PRACTICE
S
GRAMMAR
SPOT
peaking
4
Saskia … home.
When
Saskia arrived home, Bradley
In
which text are the events of the story told in chronological order?
What tense are all
the verbs in this text?
How
is this idea expressed in text B?
They
met at a party and fell in love.
Which
two tenses are used in text B?
What’s
the difference between these sentences?
they
were leaving.
When
we arrived they left.
they
had left.
Grammar
Reference 14.1 p142
HEM
Read and listen to text В
on
pi 10 and underline all the examples of the Past Perfect. Read the
text aloud and pay attention to contracted forms.
Are
the following statements about Saskia and Bradley true (/) or false
(X)? Correct the false ones.
-
When
Saskia and Bradley got married, they had known each other for a
year. -
When
Saskia told her parents about the wedding, Bradley had already
moved into her flat. -
Her
parents were angry because she hadn’t phoned them for a long
time. -
The
marriage started to go wrong, and then Bradley began to behave very
strangely.
The
story continues. Work with a partner. Tell the story in the order of
the pictures.
-
On
Friday evening when Bradley returned from work, he … his
suitcase. -
Which
of these sentences is true? Explain why.
was
packing, packed, had packed.
-
Tell
the story again, but begin at picture 4.
When
Saskia arrived home, Bradley …
Grammar
and pronunciation
-
Make
scntcnccs from the chart below.
|
was |
fallen |
||||
|
1 |
hurt |
had |
done |
||
|
Our |
died |
1 |
passed |
||
|
My |
was |
because |
had |
||
|
The |
was |
we |
forgotten |
||
|
The |
was |
hadn’t |
had |
||
|
went |
had |
Listen
and check. Practice saying the scntcnccs.
-
The
had
in the Past Perfect tense is often contracted.
I’d
passed my exams.
(The *d
is sometimes difficult to hear.)
{’d
is also the contracted form of would:
I’d like to come.)
1ДЕЖ1
Listen to the sentences. Put a tick (/) if the sentence contains had.
Put a cross (/)
if
it doesn’t.
ID
2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5 □ 6 □ 7 □ 8 □ 9 □ 10 □
-
Put
the verbs into the correct tense, Past Simple or Past Perfect.
Tke
story
continues
…
Saskia
(1) (read)
Bradley’s letter
and
then
she (2) (walk)
slowly into
the
kitchen.
Earlier
that day she (3) (buy)
his
favourite
food for dinner, now she
(4)
(throw)
it into the rubbish bin. Why (5).
he (do)
this to her? She remembered
how
happy they (6) (be)
in the
beginning.
They (7) (laugh)
a lot then.
Saskia
(8) (feel)
desperate.
One
hour later the phone (9) (ring)
in
the flat …
-
Read
the end of the story. What happened before? Write your ideas in
groups.
77tc
end of the
story
Bradley
took Saskia in his arms and said, ‘Forgive me, my darling. I’m so
happy we’re together again — this time it’s forever!’
romantic
on
WHAT
DID SHE SAY?
Reported
statements
1 Listen
and complete what Mary
savs
about John in A.
A
What does Mary say?
‘I John
very much.’
‘We
. six months ago.’
-
in
love before.’
‘We very
happy.’
‘I him
forever.’
.
him this evening.
-
ОДЭ
Read and listen to B.
В
What did Mary tell you?
She
told me/said that…
she
loved John very much, they had met six months ago. she had never been
in love before, they were very happy, she would love him forever, she
was seeing him that evening.
GRAMMAR
SPOT
A
is
direct speech. В
is
reported speech. What are the tense changes from direct to reported
speech?
How
are say
and tell
used to introduce reported speech?
Grammar
Reference 14.2 pl42
An
interview
-
iflEfr-i
Listen to an interview with the writer Carmen Day, who wrote One
Short Hot Summer. -
Complete
this report of the interview with the correct verb forms.
Carmen
Day — romantic
novelist
an
interview
Carmen said
she
(I)
romantic
novel
because she
(2)
fiction
easy to
write,
but that her next novel (3)
something
different, possibly a detective story.
Carmen
said
that
the
character
of
Bradley
(-4)
her
first husband. Clive Maingay. the actor, who (5) her very unhappy.
But she added that she (6)
had
written
another
now
married to Tony Marsh, the politician. She said that they
-
) Married for nearly ten years and that they
-
) Very happy together
-
Practise
the sentences using contracted forms where possible.
She
told me that she (9)
five
novels and also that
she
(10)
children.
She said she (II)
even
when she (12)
now
three
stories for
_ Never stop writing, not
an
old lady.
HEM
Listen and check. Check
it
-
Report
these statements.
‘I
like Anna,’ said Jim.
Tm
staying with my aunt,’ said Anna.
‘Mr
Walker phoned before lunch,’ Sue said. ‘He didn’t leave a
message,’ she added.
‘I
don’t think it’ll rain,’said Ken.
‘Ken’s
gone home,’ Sue said.
‘He
went early,’ she added.
‘I’ll
ring you this evening,’Anna told Jim.
READING
AND SPEAKING
T
3
Read the first part of the story.
he tale of two silent brothers
-
Sometimes
in families there arc arguments and family members don’t speak to
each other for a long time. Has this ever happened to anyone you
know? -
You
are going to read about two brothers who didn’t speak to each
other for many years. These expressions are in the text. Match the
verbs and phrases.
|
get |
a |
|
make |
a |
|
have |
revenge |
|
see |
a |
|
remain |
a |
|
toss |
and |
|
kiss |
a |
Part
Onf.
| A death in the family
There
were once two brothers, John and Robert Hessian. John was 52 years
old, Robert 49. They had never married and they lived together in a
house in Oldcastle in the north of England. They lived together,
they ate meals together but they never spoke a single word to each
other. They hadn’t spoken to each other for ten years, ever since
they had had a quarrel. Whenever they wanted to communicate they
wrote notes.
O
ne
evening the brothers were sitting together after supper. They were
both wearing black because their older sister, Mary, had recently
died.
John wrote a note to Robert: Mr
Liversage is coming to visit.
(Mr Liversage was their solicitor.) Robert wrote: Why?
John
wrote: I
don’t know. He phoned and said that he wanted to see us.
At
that moment there was a knock at the door. It was the solicitor, Mr
Powell Liversage. Me had been to school with the brothers and was an
old friend. He too was unmarried.
‘How
are you, Powell?’ asked Robert.
‘Very
well/ he replied. ‘I’ve come to tell you about your sister’s will.
Did you know that she had left a will?’
‘No,’
answered John and Robert together. ‘How much did she leave?’
‘£12,000.
But let me read you the will.’
What
do you think?
Discuss
these questions with a partner before you read part two.
Why
do you think the brothers quarrelled? Do you think they quarrelled
about:
-
money?
• the house? • a woman?
WTiat
do you think is in the will? Do you think:
-
the
sister leaves the brothers £6,000 each? -
she
leaves all the money to one brother? Which one? -
she
leaves them the money on certain conditions? What conditions?
-
R
4
Read
part two and find out if your ideas are correct.ead part three and find out if your ideas are correct.
Part
Two |
The will
Mr
Liversage took the will out of his pocket and began to read.
Cast
Ш1 anO Jcstament of #Harg ftcssian
,
To my dear brorhers John and Robert.
You
have boih behaved very stupidly. Г have
never understood why you quarrelled about Annie
Emery. You
have been cruel and unfair
to poor Annie. She has
waited ren years for
one of
you. So.
John,
if you
marry Annie.
I’ll
give
all my money
to
you.
And Robert,
if
you
marry her
f’ll^ive it
to you. And if neither
of
you marries
her. all my money will
30
ro Annie, herself ~
~
«‘»‘frTr
Уоиг
ever-loving sister
What
do you think?
Discuss
these questions as a class before you read part three.
-
What
do you think will happen? -
What
will John and Robert do? -
Who
will marry Annie?
Pari
Three
| To marry or not to marry?
The
two brothers sat and thought for a long time. Ten years ago when
Annie was a young woman of 27, both John and Robert had been in love
with her. They had had a violent quarrel and some terrible things
were said. Afterwards they had both wanted to make up and be friends
again but by this time they had stopped speaking to each other, so
neither of them learned that the other had decided not to marry
Annie.
At
two o’clock in the morning John spoke: ‘Why don’t we toss a coin for
Annie? Heads or tails?’
‘Tails/
said Robert. But it was heads. The next evening John went round to
Annie’s house. Powell Liversage was just leaving when he arrived.
So
in the end neither brother married Annie. They are still bachelors
to this day, but at least they are now talking to each other again.
And Annie? Well, she got her revenge and now she’s very happily
married.
ADAPTED
FROM a STORY BY ARNOLD BENNET
What
do you think?
Discuss
these questions with a partner. Then tell the class your ideas.
-
What
happened when John went to Annies house? -
Why
didn’t Annie marry either brother? -
Who
did she marry? -
Who
got the money?
Your
teacher will tell you what actually happened. Language
work
Complete
the sentences using the Past Perfect.
-
John
and Robert didn’t speak to each other because … -
They
were wearing bla ck because … -
They
didn’t know that their sister … -
Mary
said in her will that … -
When
Annie was 27, both brothers … -
Annie
told John that she wouldn’t marry him or his brother because …
L
ISTENING
AND VOCABULARY
Talk
to me
-
T
14.8 Close your books and your eyes and listen to a song. What is it
about? -
Work
with a partner. Complete the song, choosing the best word on the
right for each line.
T
light
man come to answer
never
ever silhouette shadow
alk to me by Bruce Springsteen
Well,
every night I see a up in your window
But
every night you won’t the door
But
although you won’t let me in
F
/
rom the street I can see your sitting close to him
What
must I do?
What
does it take To get you to
Talk
to me
Until
the night is over Talk to me
Well
until the night is over, yeah yeah yeah
I
got a full weeks
And
baby I’ve been working hard
I’m
not for the world, you see
I’m
just asking, girl Talk to me
Well
late at night I hear music that
you’re
playing and low
Yes
and late at night I see the two of
y
sitting
swaying
ou , so close
I
mistake
sin while when
don’t understand darling, what was
What
did I do? What did I say? What must I pay to get you to talk to me
Ъ
T 14.8 Listen again and check. 116 Unit 14 • Love you and leave
you
EVERYDAY
ENGLISH
Saying
goodbye
1
Match the sentences with the correct photos.
-
[c]
‘Goodbye! Have a safe journey. Send us a postcard!’ -
О
‘Goodbye. Thank you for a lovely evening.’ ‘You
must
come to us next time.’
-
□
‘Goodbye.
It has been most interesting talking to
you.
We’ll let you know by post.’
-
□
‘Bye!
See you later. Are you doing anything tonight?’ -
□
‘Bye-bye!
Thank you very much for having me.’ -
□
‘Goodbye.
Here’s my number. Please get in touch if
you
have any problems with it.’
-
□
‘Goodbye!
Drive carefully and call us when you
get
there!’
-
□
‘Goodbye!
Good luck in the future. I’ve really
enjoyed
our lessons together!’
-
ЦЩ
Listen
and check. Practise saying the sentences. -
Make
more conversations for these situations:
-
parents
saying goodbye to son/daughter leaving home to share a flat with
friends -
saying
goodbye to friends after spending a holiday with them -
saying
goodbye to your teacher/boss after finishing school/work on Friday -
saying
goodbye to teachers/schoolfriends when you leave school
Tapescripts
Unit
1
CZD
Maurizio
My
name’s Maurizio C’cli. I comc from Bologna, a city in the north of
Italy. I’m a student at the University of Bologna. I’m studying
modern languages English and Russian. I also know a
little
Spanish, so I can speak four languages. I’m enjoying the course a
lot, but it’s really hard work. The course started three years
ago.
I
live at home with my parents and my sister. My brother went to work
in the United Stales last year.
After
I graduate. I’m going to work as a translator. I hope so, anyway.
1111
Carl у
115.
My names Carly and 1 come from Australia. But I live near London now
with my husband Dave and our three children. I came to Britain
fifteen years ago when I got married.
I’m
a student with the Open University. This means 1 watch special
programmes on the television and work at home. I send my work to my
course teacher every week. I’m studying art and the course is
really interesting. At the moment, I’m reading about Italian
painters in Italian, which is difficult because I only speak a
little Italian!
My
course started a year ago and it’s three years long. After I
graduate, I’m going to look for a job in an art gallery or museum.
OB
-
I’m
reading a good book.
-
booked
a room at a hotel.
-
What
kind of music do you like?
My
mother’s a very kind person.
-
Can
you swim?
I’d
like a can of (x>ke.
■1
What does this mean?
Some
people are very mean. They don’t like spending their money.
-
I
live in a flat.
Holland
is a fiat country.
-
I)o
you want to play football?
We
saw a play at the theatre.
-
The
train’s coming.
Athletes
have to train very hard.
-
The
phone’s ringing.
What
a lovely ring you’re wearing!
11КЯ
Mrs Snell
I’ve
got a new neighbour. He moved in a few weeks ago. I le’s got a
job, because I sec him leaving the house every morning and then
coming home in the evening. I Ie’s a builder, I think. I le wears
jeans and a T shirt, so it can’t be a very good job. Sometimes he
comes home late.
I’ve
never spoken to him. When he sees me, he says hello, but I don’t
answer back because nobody has introduced us. I low can I speak to
him?
His
girlfriend is living with him. I know it’s not unusual these days,
but I still don’t like it, boys and girls living together and not
married.
It’s
such a small flat. I don’t know how two people can live there.
He
had a party last week. Forty people! The noise! It went on until two
in the morning. I le said sorry the next day, but it was a bit late
by then. I didn’t sleep all night.
Oh,
there’s the door. I can see him now. I Ie’s going out with his
girlfriend. I wonder what they’re doing tonight. 1 laving a good
time, doing to the pub, probably.
llll-i
Steve
-
moved
into this flat a few weeks ago, and I’m really enjoying living
here. There’s only one bedroom, and at the moment my sister is
staying with me because she’s looking for a job.
I
work in advertising. It’s hard work, and the hours are really
long, but I like it. And it’s well paid. The office is really
relaxed. No one wears a suit or a tie.
The
only thing I don’t like about this flat is one of the neighbours,
Mrs Snell, 1 think her name is. She’s really strange. She never
speaks to anyone. 1 always say hello to her, and ‘Are you all
right?’ and ‘What a lovely day today!’, but she never says a
word. Maybe she doesn’t like young people.
I
had a party a few days ago. It really wasn’t very noisy. About ten
of us were here until 11.00 and then we went out to a club. When I
saw Mrs Snell the next day, I said I hoped there wasn’t too much
noise, but as usual she didn’t say anything. Funny lady.
This
evening my sister and I are going to visit a friend of ours who’s
in hospital, and then we’re going out for a Chinese meal.
-
‘How
are you?’ ‘Fine, thanks.’ -
‘Hello,
Jane!’ ‘Hi, Peter!’ -
‘I
low do you do?’ ‘I low do you do?’ -
‘See
you tomorrow!’ ‘Bye!’ -
‘Good
night!’ ‘Sleep well!’ -
‘Good
morning!’ ‘Good morning!’ -
‘Hello,
I’m Fla Paul.’
‘Pleased
to meet you, Fla.’
-
‘Cheers!’
‘Cheers!’ -
‘Excuse
me!’ ‘Yes. Can I help you?’
10
‘Bless you!’ ‘Thanks’
-
‘Have
a good weekend!’ ‘Same to you!’
-
‘Thank
you very much indeed.’
‘Not
at all. Don’t mention it.’
-
‘Make
yourself at home.’
‘That’s
very kind. Thank you.’
Unit
2
no
d
Well, my country’s got a population of … er … about three and
a half million, so it’s not a big place. Most of the people are
from Europe, but about twelve per cent are Maori … they were the
original inhabitants. A lot of people live in bungalows, which are
small
houses
on one floor, and have a pet. It’s a very beautiful country. It’s
got a lot of mountains, and people love the countryside. Oh, and
we’re very good at rugby and cricket, e My country is the northern
part of a bigger country, but we’ve got our own parliament. There
arc just over 5 million of us. We’ve got ai lot of mountains, and
there are also lots of r ivers, lakes, and islands. People comc to
my country to fish. Our salmon is famous all over the world. And we
also produce a very famous drink called whisky, f I comc from a big
country. It has a lot of wide open spaces. We have a population of
… almost 300 million, and these people have come from all over the
world. We have big, cosmopolitan cities, but a lot of people live on
farms, ranches, and in small towns. We like baseball and football —
our kind of football. And we love to cat … hamburgers with fries,
and apple pie and ice-cream.
A Do
you have a car?
В Yes,
I do.
С No,
I don’t.
A Have
you got a car?
В Yes,
I have.
С No,
I haven’t.
D I
don’t have a computer.
E I
haven’t got a computer.
Where
docs he comc from?
Is
she married?
Docs
she have any brothers and sisters?
I
las he got any children?
How
many brothers and sisters has she got? What does he do?
What
does she do in her free time?
Where
do they go on holiday?
Whats
she doing at the moment?
have
breakfast
wash
my hair
watch
a film on TV
talk
to my friends
make
a cup of tea
lister
to music
relax
on the sofa
do
my homework
have
a shower
clear
up the mess
do
the washing-up
have
or put posters on the wall
cook
a meal
go
to the toilet
put
on make-up
read
magazines
Home
Truths P — Presenter С
= Carol M Mike D = Dave A — Alison
P
E lello and welcome to the programme. Today we’re going to hear
just what couples really
think
of each other. What drives you mad about your partner? Here’s Orol,
talking about her husband, Mike.
С
Well, there are a lot of arguments about television in our house. He
gets the remote control and he’s always changing channels, so I
never see what I want to. All he wants to watch is football,
football, football. When I try to talk to him, he doesn’t listen
because he’s watching the TV. And … something else … he never
remembers anything — birthdays, when we’re going out — nothing. I
have to do it all. I decide where we’re going on holiday, what car
to buy. He can’t make a decision to
save
his life.
P
So there we have Carol’s opinion. What does Mike say about her?
M
When we’re out in the car and she’s driving, she doesn’t
change gears. She’s talking about somebody or other, and not
thinking about driving at all. I want to shout at her ‘Change gear
now!’but I don’t. When I want to watch something on television,
like … the news, she always wants to watch a soap or a film. And
another thing. She’s always on the phone. She spends hours talking
to our daughter, and do you know where she lives? Just round the
comer.
P
But what do they think of their marriage?
-
lore’s
Carol.
С
Well, I can’t change him now, so I’ll just have to put up with
him.
P
And Mike?
M
We’ve been married for twenty-five years, and she’s the only one
for me!
P
And now we have another couple, Dave and Alison. Oh, and by the way,
Dave’s an electrician.
A
What drives me absolutely mad is that he starts a job and never
finishes it. At work he’s so professional, but at home, if I want a
light in the bedroom changed, it takes him months. And he’s so
untidy. He just drops things on the floor. I keep saying that 1
don’t want to be his mother as well as his wife. When we go out,
he looks so scruffy, even when I’m all dressed up. I lis clothes
are so old-fashioned. He never throws anything away.
P
Oh, dear. Now what does Dave have to say about Alison?
D
Well, she’s never ready on time. She always finds something to do
that means we’re always late, wherever we go. She’s usually doing
her hair or her make up while I’m saying ‘Come on love, it’s
time to go.’ And she loses things. She forgets where she parked
the car, she leaves the car keys in the most stupid places. But what
is most annoying about Alison is that she’s always right!
P
And their final opinions about each other?
A
He’s great. He’s good fun, and he’s one in a million.
D
Sec? As I said, she’s always right!
P
So, there we are. My thanks to Carol and Mike, and Dave and Alison.
■iff
J
— James M = Maria
-
J
I Icllo. What’s your name?
M
Maria.
J
I’m … James. I’m a teacher. And … where are you from?
M
Rome.
f
Er… What … what do you do?
M
I’m a student.
f
Mm. And … how long have you been here in London, Maria?
M
Two months.
Jl
Arc you having a good time?
M
Mm … Yes.
JI
С’an
I get you a coffee?
M
No.
Г
Arc you missing your family at all?
M
No.
JT
I lave you got any brothers or sisters?
M
Yes.
J
Ivr… Oh! F.r… what do they do?
M
They are students too. j Oh well, I’ve got a class now. Goodbye,
Maria.
M
Ciao.
S
— Sylvia J-P — Jean-Paul
-
S
I Icllo. What’s your name?
J
-P Jean-Paul. And what’s your name?
S
Sylvia. Where are you from, Jean- Paul? J-P I come from Paris, the
most romantic city in the whole world. And you, Sylvia, where do you
come from?
S
I come from Scotland. What do you do in Paris?
J-P
I’m an architect.
S
Oh, really?
J-P
Yeah. I design beautiful buildings for people with lots of money.
I’m very expensive.
S
How interesting.
J-P
And how long have you been a teacher, Sylvie?
S
Actually, my name’s Sylvia.
J
-P I am so sorry. Sylvie is the French name.
Sylvia,
sorry.
S
Don’t worry. I like it. I’ve been working here for five years.
J-P
And do you enjoy it?
S
Yes, very much. You meet a lot of people from all sorts of different
countries.
-
like
that very much. Are you enjoying it here?
J-P
Very, very much. I’m learning a lot of English, I’m making a lot
of friends, and even the food’s not bad! Well, I’m not dead yet,
and I’ve been here for five weeks. Sylvia, can I gel you a coffee?
S I’ve
got a few minutes before my next class, so that would be lovely.
Thank you very much …
J-P
Why don’t we …
-
What
a lovely day it is today!
Yes.
Beautiful, isn’t it?
-
It’s
very wet today.
Mm.
Horrible. Makes you feel miserable, doesn’t it?
-
How
are you today?
I’m
very well, thanks. 1 low about you?
•1
Did you have a nice weekend?
Yes,
it was lovely. We had a pub lunch and went for a walk.
-
How
are you finding living in London?
Гт
enjoying it. It was a bit strange at first, but I’m getting used
to it.
-
Did
you have a good journey?
Yes,
no problems. The plane was a bit late, but it didn’t matter.
-
Did
you watch the football yesterday?
No,
I missed it. Was it a good game?
-
What
a lovely coat you’re wearing!
Thank
you. I got it in Paris last year.
-
If
you have any problems, just ask me for help.
Thank
you very much. That’s very kind of you.
Unit
3
see
p22
»+wu
-
Russell
woke up at two o’clock. -
I
te woke up because he was thirsty. -
lie
heard a noise in the kitchen. -
He
(bund three men. -
Russell’s
mother kept her purse in her handbag. -
They
left at five o’clock. -
When
they left, Russell watched TV. -
The
police caught the burglars the next day.
1**1
asked! carried
showed liked
wanted believed
walked used
started stopped
tried planned
1И1
-
I
broke a cup, but I mended it with glue. -
I
felt ill, so I went to bed. -
I
made a sandwich because I was hungry.
-1
I had a shower and washed my hair.
-
I
lost my passport, but then I found it at the back of a drawer. -
I
called the police because I heard a strange noise. -
I
ran out of coffee, so I bought some more. -
1
forgot her birthday, so I said sorry. -
The
phone rang, so I answered it. -
I
told a joke but nobody laughed.
■m
Hands
up. I’ve got a burger!
Last
Tuesday a man armed with just a hot hamburger in a bag stole $1,000
from a bank in Danville, California.
Police
Detective Bill McGinnis said that the robber, who was wearing a
mask, entered the Mount Diablo National Bank at about 1.30 p.m. and
gave the teller a note demanding Si,000. He claimed that he had a
bomb in the bag. The teller said she could smell a distinct odour of
hamburger coming from the bag. Even so, she handed the money to the
man. As he was running out of the bank, he dropped the bag with the
hamburger. I le escaped in a car that was waiting for him outside.
Teenage
parly ends in tears When Jack and Kelly I Iarman went away on
holiday, they left their teenage daughter alone in the house. Zoe,
aged 16, wanted to stay at home because she was revising for exams.
Her parents «lid she could have some friends to stay. However, Zoe
decided to have з
party. Everyone
was
having a good time when Suddenly things started to go wrong. Forty
uninvited guests arrived, and some of them were carrying knives.
They broke furniture, smashed windows, and stole jewellery.
When
Mr and Mrs Harman heard the news, they came home immediately.
QQ
A radio drama — The perfect crime A — Alice H — Henry P =
Detective Parry T — Sergeant Taylor FI and F2 — Friends
Alice
Jackson is a happily married woman. She loves her baby son, and she
adores her husband,
-
lenry.
Tonight is her tenth wedding anniversary, and some friends are
coming round to have a drink. Everything seems perfect … hut …
Alice’s life is going to change.
A
1 lello, darling. Have some boor.
H
Sit down. I’ve got something to say. … I’m sorry. I know it’s a
bad time to tell you. It’s our anniversary. But it’s just that
Kathy and 1 are in love. Bobby won’t miss me, he’s too young.
A
I’ll get ready for the party ….
И
What on earth … ?
A
Hello, police please. I lello, is that the police? (.Jome quickly.
It’s my husband. Something awful has happened to him.
P
Detective Parry, Mrs Jackson. Where is he?
A
In the kitchen. Is he all right?
P
I le’s dead.
A
No, no, not I Ienry! My I lenry! Oh I lenry!’
P
What happened?
A
I was putting the baby to bed upstairs. And I just came downstairs
and found him lying on the kitchen floor.
T
Burglars.
P
Sit down, Mrs Jackson. Sergeant Taylor, get Mrs Jackson a drink. A
brandy with some ice. Phew! It’s hot in thus room. I hope you
understand, Mrs Jackson, that we have to search the house
immediately. We must find the murder weapon.
A
Yes, yes. Of course.
P
What was that?
T
It’s this statue, sir. It’s melting.
T
Phew! (Jan I have a glass of water, Mrs Jackson? It’s so hot in
here.
P
I think we all need one. And with ice.
FI
Poor Alice!
F2
Poor Henry! I don’t believe it. What a shock for you!
A
Oh thank you, thank you. Please … stay and have a drink. Help
yourselves.
FI
I wonder what the burglar hit him with.
F2
Who knows? Mmm.
ДД
the
eighth of January, nineteen ninety-eight January the eighth,
nineteen ninety-eight the sixteenth of July, nineteen eighty-five
July the sixteenth, nineteen eighty-five the twenty-fifth of
November, two thousand and two
November
the twenty fifth, two thousand and two
no
January
eighth, nineteen ninety-eight July sixteenth, nineteen eighty-five
November twenty-fifth, two thousand and two
cxo
June
the fourth the fifth of August the thirty-first of July March the
first IVbruary the third
the
twenty-first of January, nineteen eighty-eight December the second,
nineteen ninety six the fifth of April, nineteen eighty June the
eleventh, nineteen sixty-five the eighteenth of October, two
thousand January the thirty-first, two thousand and five
Unit
4
ЛЖ.ЩЩ
see p30 secp3I
if!H
-
*
Did you meet anyone nice at the party?’
‘Yes.
I met someone who knows you!’
-
‘Ouch!
There’s something in my eye!’
‘
Let me look. No, 1 can’t see anything.’
-
‘
Let’s go somewhere hot for our holidays.’
‘
But we can’t go anywhere that’s too
expensive.’
-
‘I’m
so unhappy. Nobody loves me.’
‘
I
know somebody who loves you. Me.’
-
E
lost
my glasses. 1 looked everywhere, but I couldn’t find them. -
‘
Did you buy anything at the shops?’
‘No,
nothing. I didn’t have any money.’
-
I’m
bored. 1 want something interesting to read, or someone interesting
to talk to, or somewhere interesting to go.
X
It was a great party. Fvcryonc loved it.
ii’ggl
see p33
Ifll
-
A
Hello. (Jan 1 help you?
В
I’m just looking, thanks.
В
I’m looking for a jumper like this, but in blue. I lave you got
one?
A
I’ll just have a look. What size are you?
В
Medium.
A
Here you arc.
В
That’s great. (Jan I try it on?
A
Of course. ‘Hie changing rooms are over
there.
В
I like it.
A
It fits you very well.
В
How much is it?
A
£39.99.
В
OK. I’ll have it.
A
I low would you like to pay?
В
Cash.
-
A
Could you help me? I’m looking for this
month’s
edition of Vogue.
Can you tell me where it is?
В
Over there. Middle shelf. Next to She.
-
A
I lello. I wonder if you could help me. I’ve
got
a bad cold and a sore throat. (Jan you give me something for it?
В
OK. You can take these three times a day. A Thank you. Could I have
some tissues as well, please?
В
Sure. Anything else?
A
No, that’s all, thanks.
•1
A Good morning. (Jan I have a black coffee, please?
В I-spresso?
A
Yes, please. Oh, and a doughnut, please.
В I’m
afraid there aren’t any left. We’ve got some delicious carrot
cake, and chocolate cake.
A
OK. (Jarrot cake, then.
В (Jertainly.
Is that all?
A
Yes, thanks.
В That’ll
be i
1.85, please.
A
Thank you.
ко
-
А
А
book of ten first class stamps, please.
В Two
pounds eighty, please.
-
A
I low much is this jumper?
В Twenty-eight
pounds fifty.
-
A A
white loaf and three rolls, please.
В That’ll
be one pound eighty-two p.
-
A
I low much do I owe you?
В Twelve
dollars and twenty cents.
-
A
I low much was your car?
В Fifteen
thousand dollars.
-
A What
a fantastic house!
В Darling!
It cost half a million pounds!
-
A Just
this book, please.
В Five
pounds ninety-nine, then.
S A
How much was the cheque for?
В A
hundred and sixty dollars.
Unit
5
-
Sean
When
1 grow up, I want to be a footballer and play for Manchester United,
because I want to earn lots of money. After that, I’m going to be
an astronaut, and fly in a rocket to Mars and Jupiter. And I’d like
all the people in the world and all the animals in the world to be
happy.
-
Mel
I’ve
finished my first year at Bristol University, and now I’m going to
have a year off. My boyfriend and 1 an; going round the world. We
hope to find work as we go. I really want to meet people from all
over the world, and see how different people live their lives.
-
Justin
What
I’d really like to do, because I’m mad about planes and everything
to do with flying, is to have my own business connected with planes,
something like a flying school. I’m getting married next June, so
I can’t do anything about it yet, but I’m going to start looking
this time next year.
-
Martyn
My
great passion is writing. I write plays. Three have been perfomcd
already, two in Edinburgh and one in Oxford. But my secret ambition
… and this would be the best thing in my life … I would love to
have one of my plays performed on the Ixtndon stage. That would l>e
fantastic.
-
Amy
We’re
thinking of moving, because the kids are leaving home soon. Meg’s
eighteen, she’s doing her A levels this year, so with a bit of
luck, she’ll be off to university next year. And Kate’s fifteen.
Jack and I both enjoy walking,
and
Jack likes fishing, so we’re going to move to the country.
5
Alison
Well,
I’ve just broken my arm, so what 1 really want to do is to go back
to the health club as soon as possible. I really enjoy swimming. At
my age, it’s important to stay physically fit, and I want to be
able to go off travelling without feeling unwell. I’m going to
retire next year, and I’m looking forward to having more time to do
the things I want to do.
ПУ1
-
A
1 hope to go to university.
В
What do you want to study?
-
A
One of my favourite hobbies is cooking.
В
What do you like making?
-
A
1 get terrible headaches.
В
When did you start getting them?
-
A
Were planning our summer holidays at
the
moment.
В
Where are you thinking of going?
-
A
I’m tired.
В
What would you like to do tonight?
1И1
-
‘What
are the lads doing this afternoon?’ ’They’re going to watch a
football match. Arsenal are playing at home.’ -
‘Damn!
I’ve dropped one.’
‘I’ll
pick it up for you.’
‘Thank
you. That’s very kind.’
-
‘What’s
Ali doing next year?’
‘Site’s
going to travel round the world.’
‘Oh,
lucky her!’
-
‘The
phone’s ringing.’
‘It’s
OK. I’ll answer it. I’m expecting a call.’
-
‘1
haven’t got any money.’
‘Don’t
worry. I’ll lend you some.’
‘Thanks.
I’ll pay you back tomorrow. I won’t forget.’
-
‘What
are you and Pete doing tonight?’
‘We’re
going out to have a meal. It’s my birthday.’
1И1
-
‘My
bag is so heavy.’ ‘Give it to me -
I
bought some warm boots because … -
‘Tony’s
back from holiday.’
‘Is
he? I …’
-
What
are you doing tonight? -
You
can tell me your secret. -
Congratulations!
I hear … -
I
need to post these letters. -
Now,
holidays. Where …
A
song You’ve
got a friend When
you’re down and troubled And you need a helping hand And nothing,
but nothing is going right Close your eyes and think of me And soon I
will be there To brighten up even your darkest nights. (Chorus)
You
just call out my name, and you know wherever I am fll come running to
see you again.
Winter,
spring, summer, or fall
All
you have to do is call
And
I’ll be there, yeah, yeah, yeah.
You’ve
got a friend.
If
the sky above you
Turns
dark and full of clouds
And
that old north wind begins to blow
Keep
your head together
And
call my name out loud
And
soon I’ll be knocking on your door.
Hey,
ain’t it good to know that you’ve got a friend?
People
can be so cold.
They’ll
hurt you and desert you.
Well,
they’ll take your soul if you let them.
Oh*
yeah, but don’t you let them.
(Chorus)
1И1
-
*1
feel nervous. I’ve got an exam today.’ ‘Good luck! Do your
best.’ -
‘I
don’t feel very well. I think I’m getting the ’flu.’
‘Why
don’t you go home to bed?’
-
‘I’m
feeling a lot better, thanks. I’ve got a lot more energy.’
“That’s
good. I’m pleased to hear it.’
-
‘I’m
really excited. I’m going on holiday to Australia tomorrow.’
‘That’s
great. Have a good time.’
-
‘I’m
fed up with this weather. It’s so wet and miserable.’
‘I
know. We really need some sunshine, don’t ■vve?’
-
‘I’m
really tired. 1 couldn’t get to sleep last night.’
‘Poor
you! ‘Iliat happens to me sometimes. I just read in bed.’
-
‘I’m
a bit worried. My grandfather’s going into hospital for tests.’
‘I’m
sorry to hear that, but I’m sure lie’ll be- all right.’
-
‘1
feel really depressed at the moment. Nothing’s going right in my
life.’
«Cheer
up! Things can’t be that bad!’
Unit
6
1И1
Todd’s tennis tour
T
— Todd E — Ellen
E
You’re so lucky, Todd. You travel all over the world. I never leave
Chicago!
T
Yeah — but it’s hard work. I just practise, practise, practise and
play tennis all the time.
-
don’t
get time to see much.
E
What about last year? Where did you go? Tell me about it.
T
Well — in January I was in Melbourne, for the Australian Open. It’s
a beautiful city, sort of big and very cosmopolitan, like Chicago.
There’s a nice mixture of old and new buildings. January’s their
summer so it was hot when I was there.
E
And what’s Dubai like? When were you there?
T
In February. We went from Australia to Dubai for the Dubai Tennis
Open. Boy is Dubai hot! Hot, very dry, very modern. Ix>ts of
really modern buildings, white buildings. Interesting place, I
enjoyed it.
F,
And Paris! That’s where I want to go! What’s Paris like?
T
Everything that you imagine! Very beautiful, wonderful old buildings
but lots of interesting modern ones too. And of course
very,
very romantic, especially in May. Maybe
-
can
take you there sometime.
E
Yeah?
What’s
Chicago like?
T
— Todd F Todd’s English friend
-
F
What’s the weather like?
T
Well, Chicago’s called ‘the windy city’ and it really can be
windy!
-
F
What are the people like?
T
They’re very interesting. You meet people from all over the world.
-
F
What are the buildings like?
T
A lot of them are very, very tall. The Sears lower is 110 storeys
high.
-
F
What are the restaurants like?
T
They’re very good. You can find food from every country in the
world.
-
F
What’s the night-life like?
T
Oh, it’s wonderful. There’s lots to do in Chicago.
1Й1
Todd’s world tour
Melbourne
was interesting, but, for me, Paris was more interesting than
Melbourne, and in some ways Dubai was the most interesting of all
l>ecause it was so different from any other place I know. It was
also the hottest, driest, and most modern. It was hot in Melbourne
but not as hot as in Dubai. Dubai was much hotter! Melbourne is much
older than Dubai but not as old as Paris. Paris was the oldest city I
visited, but it has some great modern buildings, too. It was the most
romantic place. 1 loved it.
see
p48
see
p48
Conversations
-
A
I moved to a new flat last week.
15
Oh, really? What’s it like?
A
Well, it’s bigger than my old one but it isn’t as modern, and
it’s further from the shops.
-
A
I hear Sandy and Al broke up.
В
Yeah. Sandy’s got a new boyfriend.
В
Oh, really? What’s he like?
A
Well, he’s much nicer than Al and much more handsome. Sandy’s
happier now than she’s been for a long time.
-
A
We have a new teacher.
В
(>h, really? What’s she like?
A
Well, I think she’s the best teacher we’ve ever had. Our last
teacher was good but she’s even better and she works us much
harder.
-
A
Is that your new car?
В
Well, it’s second-hand, but it’s new to me. A What’s it like?
В
Well, it’s faster than my old car and more comfortable, but it’s
more expensive to run. I love it!
iftl
Jane
Bland talks about living in Sweden J — Jane F — Fran, a friend
J
When I say that I live in Sweden, everyone always wants to know about
the seasons …
F
The seasons?
J
Yeah … you know, how cold it is in winter what it’s like when the
days are so short.
F
So what is
it like?
J
Well, it if
cold, very cold in winter, sometimes as cold as -26° and of course
when you gc out you wrap up warm, but inside, in the houses, it’s
always very warm, much wanrer than at home. Swedish people always
complain that when they visit England the houses arc cold even in a
good winter. In Sweden the houses are much belter insulated than in
Britain and they always have the heating on very high.
F
And what about the darkness?
J
Well, yeah, around (Christmas time, in
December,
there’s only one
hour of daylight — so you really look forward to the spring. It is
sometimes a bit depressing but you sec the summers are amazing — from
May to July, in the north of Sweden, the sun never sets, it’s still
light at midnight, you can walk in the mountains and read a
newspaper.
F
Oh, yeah — the land of the midnight sun.
J
That’s right. But its wonderful, you want о
stay up all night and the Swedes make the most of it. Often they
start work earlier in summer and then leave at about two or three in
the afternoon, so that they can really eiijoy the long summer
evenings. They like to wark hard but play hard too. I think Londoners
work longer hours, but I’m not sure this ii a good thing.
F
So what about free time? Weekends?
-
lolidays?
What do Swedish people like doing?
J
Well, every house in Sweden has a sauna …
F
Every
house!?
J
Well, every house I’ve been to. And most people have a country
cottage, so people like to leave the town and get back to nature at
weekends. These cottages are sometimes quite primitive, — no running
water or not even toilets and …
F
No toilet?
J
Well, some
don’t have toilets but they all
have a sauna and all the family sit in it together, then run and jump
into the lake to get cool.
F
What!? Even in winter?
J
Yeah — Swedish people arc very healthy.
F
Brrr! Or mad!
1И1
Synonyms
-
‘Mary’s
family is very rich.’
‘Well,
I knew her uncle was very wealthy.’
-
‘Look
at all these new buildings!’
‘Yes.
Baris is much more modern than 1 expected.’
-
‘Wasn’t
that film wonderful!’
‘Yes,
it was brilliant.’
-
‘George
doesn’t earn much money, but he’s so kind.’
‘He
is, isn’t he? He’s one of the most generous people I know.’
-
‘Ann’s
bedroom’s really untidy again!’
‘Is
it? I told her it was messy yesterday, and *lic (mjiuiscd U* clc.ni
it.*
-
‘I’m
bored with this lesson!’
‘I
know, I’m really fed up with it, too!’
mt%k
Antonyms
-
‘London’s
such an expensive city.’
‘Well,
it’s not very cheap.’
-
‘Paul
and Sue are so mean.’
‘They’re
certainly not very generous.’
-
‘Their
house is always so messy.’
‘Mmm
… it’s not very tidy.’
-
‘Their
children are so noisy.’
‘Yes,
they’re certainly not very quiet.’
-
‘John
looks so miserable.’
‘Ilmm,
he’s not very happy.’
-
‘I
lis sister’s so stupid.’
‘Well,
she’s certainly not very clever.’
(iiving
directions
You
go down the path, past the pond, over the bridge, and out of the
gate. Then you go across the road and take the path through the wood.
When
you come out of the wood you
walk
up
the
path and into the church. It
takes five
minutes.
Unit
7
-
He
wrote novels about Victorian litV* She writes novels about modern
people and their relationships. -
He
wrote 47 novels, travel books, biographies, and short stories. She
has written over twenty novels. She started writing in her thirties. -
She
has lived in the west of England for forty years. He lived in
Ireland for eighteen years. -
She
has been married twice, and has two daughters. She married for the
first time in 19(»6. He was married and had two sons.
ItAl
-
Anthony
Trollope travelled to South Africa, Australia, Egypt, and the West
Indies. Joanil-l Trollope has travelled to many parts of the world. -
She
has won many awards, and several of her stories have appeared on TV. -
Her
first book came out in 1980. Since then she has sold more than 5
million copies. -
She
went to school in the south of England, and studied English at
Oxford University, but she has lived in the country for most of her
life. -
She
writes her books by hand. She has had the same pen since 1995.
ДИ
-
How
long has she lived in the west of England?
For
forty years.
-
What
did she study at university?
English.
-
I
low many novels has she written?
More
than twenty.
-
How
many books has she sold?
Over
five million.
-
When
did her first novel come out?
In
1980.
-
How
many times has she l>een married? Twice. -
Has
she got any children?
Yes,
two daughters.
-
How
long has she had her pen?
Since
1995.
wn
-
I’ve
known my best friend for years. We met when we were 10. -
I
last went to the cinema two weeks ago. Th: film
was rubbish. -
I’ve
had this watch for three years. My Dad gave it to me for my
birthday. -
We’ve
used this book since the beginning of term. It’s not bad. 1 quite
like it. -
We
lived in our old flat from 1988 to 1996.
We
moved because wc needed somewhere bigger.
-
We
haven’t had a break for an hour. I really need a cup of coffee. -
I
last had a holiday in 1999.1 went camping with some friends. -
This
building has been a school since 1985. Before that it was an office.
it»l
A Where
do you live, Olga?
В In
a flat near the park.
Л I
low long have you lived there?
В For
three years.
A And
why did you move?
В We
wanted to live in a nicer area.
■
Wl
An
interview with the band Style
I
— Interviewer S — Suzie G — Guy
I
… and that was the latest record from Style
called
Give
it to me.
And guess who I’ve got sitting right next to me iii the studio?
I’ve got Suzie Tyler and Guy Holmes, who are the two members of
Style.
Welcome to the programme!
S
Thanks a lot.
I
Now you two have been very busy this year, haven’t you? You’ve
had a new album out, and you’ve been on tour. How are you feeling?
S
Pretty tired. We’ve just got back from
I
Iolland, and in April we went to Japan and Australia, so yeah …
we’ve travelled a lot this year.
G
Hut wr’vr marie a loi of friends, and we’ve had some fun.
I
Tell us something about your background. What did you do before
forming Style?
G
Well, we both played with a lot of other bands before teaming up with
each other.
I
Who have you played with,»Suzie?
S
Well, over the years I’ve sung with Lionel Richie and Phil Collins,
and a band called Ace.
I
And what about you, Guy?
G
I’ve recorded with Genesis
and UB40,
and of course. Happy
Mondays.
I
Why is Happy
Mondays
so important to you?
G
Because I had my first hit record with them. ‘Hie song was called
Mean
Street,
and it was a hit all over the world … that was in 1995.
I
So how long have you two been together as Style?
S
Since 1997. We met at a recording studio while I was doing some work
with lion
JovL Wc
started chatting and Guy asked me if I’d like to work with him, and
it all stalled fiuin
there.
I
Suzie, you’re obviously the vocalist, but do you play any music
yourself?
S
Yes, 1 play keyboards.
-
And
what about you, Guy?
G
I play guitar and harmonica. I can play the drums, but when were
doing a concert we have a backing group.
-
So
where have you two travelled to?
S Well,
I … er … I sometimes think that we’ve
been
everywhere, but wc haven’t really. We’ve toured in Europe, Italy,
Holland, and we’ve done Japan and Australia, but we’ve never been
to America. That’s the next place we’d like to go. And then
Eastern Europe. I’d love to play in these places.
G
You forgot Sweden. We went there two years ago.
S Oh
yeah.
I
Over the years you’ve made a lot of records.
Do
you know exactly how many?
G
That’s a difficult question, erm …
I
Well, about how many?
S Oh,
I don’t know. Perhaps about twenty-five. G Yeah, something like
that.
I
And how long have you been in the music business?
G
I guess about fifteen years. I’ve never had another job. I’ve
only ever been a musician, since I was seventeen.
S I’ve
had all sorts of jobs. When I left college, I worked as a waitress, a
shop assistant, a painter, a gardener … I could go on and on
I
Well, stop there, because now you’re a member of a band. Su/ie and
Guy, it was great to talk to you. Good luck with the new record.
S/G
Thanks.
I
And now for something different. We’re … ЯЛАЖ
-
‘Do
you still play tennis?’
‘Not
regularly. Just now and then, when I have time.’
-
This
is a pretty relaxed place to work. There aren’t many do’s and
don’ts. -
Here
you are at last! I’ve been so worried! Thank goodness you’ve
arrived safe and sound. -
‘Do
you like your new job?’
‘Yes
and no. The money’s OK, but I don’t like the people.’
-
Sometimes
there are too many people in the house. I go into the garden for a
bit of peace and quiet. -
Good
evening, ladies and gentlemen. It gives me great pleasure to talk to
you all tonight. -
‘How’s
your Gran?’
‘Up
and down. There are good days, and then not such good days.’
-
‘Here’s
supper. Careful! It’s hot.
‘Fish
and chips! Yummy!’
DO
-
‘Do
vou like lcarnim> English, Elsa?’
•Yes/
‘Do
you like learning English, Elsa?’
‘Yes,
I do. I love it. It’s the language of Shakespeare.’
-
‘Are
those new jeans you’re wearing?’
•No.’
‘Are
those new jeans you’re wearing?’
‘No,
they aren’t. I’ve had them for ages’
-
‘Have
you got the time, please?’
*No.’
‘Have
you got the time, please?’
«No,
I haven’t. Fm so sorry.’
-
‘Can
you play anv musical instruments?’
‘Yes.’
«Can
you play any musical instruments?’
‘Yes,
I can, actually. I can play the violin.’
Unit
8
1HI
Steven’s job 1 Interviewer S Steven
1
What sort of hours do you work, Steven?
S Well,
I have to work very long hours, about eleven hours a day.
I
What time do you start?
S I
work nine till three, then I start again at five thirty and work
until eleven. Six days a week. So I have to work very unsocial hours.
I
And do you have to work at the weekend?
S Oh,
ves. That’s our busiest time. I get Wednesdays off.
I
What are some of the things you have to do, and some of the things
you don’t have to do?
S Er
… I don’t have to do the washing up, so that’s good! I have to
wear white, and I have to be very careful about hygiene. F.vcrvthing
in the kitchen has to be totally clean.
I
What’s hard about the job?
S You’re
standing up all the time. When we’re busy, people get angry and
shout, but that’s normal.
I
How did you learn the profession?
S Well,
I did a two-year course at college. In the first year we had to learn
the basics, and then we had to take exams.
I
Was it easy to find a job?
S I
wrote to about six hotels, and one of them gave me my first job, so I
didn’t have to wait too long.
I
And what arc the secrets of being good at your job?
S Attention
to detail. You have to love it. You have to be passionate about it.
I
And what are your plans for the future?
S I
want to have my own place. When the time’s right.
Ш)
-
I
have a go<nl job.
I
have to work hard.
-
He
has a nice car.
She
has to get up early.
-
I
had a good time.
I
had to take exams.
-
‘I’m
working 16 hours a day’.
‘I
think you should talk to your boss.’
-
T
can’t sleep.’
‘You
shouldn’t drink coffee at night.’
-
«My
ex-boyfriend’s getting married.’
‘I
don’t think you should go to the wedding.’
-
‘I’ve
had a terrible toothache lor weeks.’
‘You
must go to the dentist!’
H
tl
Holidays in January
-
Silvia
In
January the weather is wonderful. Its the most perfect time of year,
not too hot. not too cold, but the temperature can change a lot in
just one day. It can go from quite chilly to very warm, so you should
perhaps bring a jacket but you don’t need any thick winter clothes.
The capital city is the most populated city in the world and there
are lots of things to see and do there. We have lots of very old,
historic buildings. We are very proud of our history, with Mayan and
Aztec
temples.
But you should also go to the coast. We have beautiful beaches.
Perhaps you’ve heard of Acapulco.
You
don’t need a lot of money to enjoy your holiday. Iliere are lots of
good cheap hotels and restaurants, and of course you must visit the
markets. You can buy all kinds of pottery and things quite cheaply,
and don’t forget our wonderful fruit and vegetables. We have one
hundred different kinds of pepper. You should try tacos, which are a
kind of bread filled with meat, beans, and salad. And our beer is
very good, especially if you add lemon and salt. Or, of course, you
can always drink tequila.
-
Fatima
It’s
usually quite mild in January, and it doesn’t often rain, so you
don’t have to bring warm clothes. But you’ll need a light coat or
a jumper because it can get с<ю1
in the evenings.
There
is so much to see and do. We have some wonderful museums, especially
the museum of Islamic Art and the mosques are beautiful, but of
course what everyone wants to see is the Pyramids. You must visit the
pyramids. Go either early in the morning or late in the afternoon,
the light is much belter then. And if you have time you should take a
cruise down the Nile, that’s really interesting, you can visit all
sorts of places that arc difficult to get to by land.
The
best place to try local food is in the city centre. You should try
koftas
and kebab*,
which
are made of meal, usually lamb. You should also try fulnfcl,
which is a kind of ball made of beans mixed with herbs, it’s fried
until it’s crispy. It’s delicious. One of the nicest things to
drink is tea, mint tea. It’s especially good if the weather is very
hot, it’s really refreshing.
-
Karl
Well,
of course in January in my country il can be very cold, with lots of
snow everywhere, so you must bring lots of warm clothes, coats anti
woolly hats, and, if you can, snow boots.
Many
people go skiing in the mountains at the weekends and when you are up
so high and the sky is blue, the sun can feel really quite hot — warm
enough to have lunch outside. You can even sunbathe, so you should
bring sun cream! But you don’t have to go skiing, there are lots of
other things to do and see. A lot of our towns are very pretty. They
look exactly the same today as they did four hundred years ago. And
we have beautiful lakes. If the weather’s fine you can go lor a boat
trip and you can get really wonderful views of the mountains all
around, from Lake Geneva you can sometimes sec as far as Mont Blanc.
The
food you must try is foiulue.
which is cheese melted in a pot. You put pieces of bread on long
forks to get it out. Also you could try rihti
made with potatoes and cream
inmm!
They’re both delicious.
-
Children
always need the support of their parents, whether they’re four or
24.1 think you should pay for him to get some qualifications, and
when he’s ready, you
should
help him to find somewhere to live. Meanwhile, you’ve got to give
him all the love that he needs.
Jenny
Torr Brighton
-
I
decided to give it all up and change my life dramatically three
years ago. Since then, I have had the most exciting three years of
my life. It can be scary, but if you don’t do it, you won’t
know what you’ve missed. I don’t think she should worry. (Jo
for it.
Mike
Garfield Manchester
-
He’s
using you. I think you should tell him to leave home. It’s time
for him to go. Twenty- four is too old to be living with his
parents.
-
le’s
got to take responsibility for himself. And you must tell the
police about his drug taking. Sometimes you have to be cruel to be
kind. Tony Palmer Harrow
-
Why
should he accept it? I le isn’t their slave, they don’t own
him. And I too can’t stand the way people use their mobiles in
restaurants, on trains and buses. They think that the people around
them are invisible and can’t hear. It is so rude.
Jane
Sands London
-
I
think she should be very careful before she gives up her job and
goes to live abroad. Docs she think that the sun will always shine?
If
there
is something in her life that makes her unhappy now, this will
follow her. She should take her time before making a decision.
Nigclla Lawnes Bristol
-
I
le must keep it! I le should have a word with his company and come
to an arrangement with them. Why can’t he turn it off sometimes?
Mobile phones are great, and if he’s got one for free, he’s
very lucky. They arc one of the best inventions ever.
Pete
I lardcastlc Birmingham
|
Ш1 |
|
|
alarm |
hairdrier |
|
car |
sunset |
|
traffic |
earring |
|
credit |
signpost |
|
ice-cream |
bookcase |
|
sunglasses |
rush |
|
timetable |
cigarette |
|
raincoat |
earthquake |
|
nil |
|
|
I) |
Manuel |
D
I lello. Comc and sit down. What seems to be the matter?
M
Well, I haven’t felt very well for a few days. I’ve got a bit of a
temperature, and I just feel terrible. I’ve got stomach ache as
well.
D
Have you felt sick?
M
I’ve been sick a few times.
D
Mm. Let me have a look at you. Your glands aren’t swollen. I lave
you got a sore throat?
M
No, I haven’t.
D
Have you had diarrhoea at all?
M
Yes, I have, actually.
I)
1 lave you had anything to cat recently which
might
have disagreed with you?
M
No, 1 don’t think … Oh! I went to a barbecue a few days ago and
the chicken wasn’t properly cooked.
D
It could be that, or just something that was left out of the fridge
for too long.
M
Yes, 1 started being ill that night.
I)
Well, you should have a day or two in bed, and I’ll give you
something that will look after the stomach ache and diarrhoea. Drink
plenty of liquids, and just take things easy for a while. I’ll write
you a prescription.
M
Thank you. Do I have to pay you?
D
No, ПО.
Seeing me is free, but you’ll have to pay for the prescription. It’s
£6.
M
Right. Thanks very much. Goodbye.
D
Bye-bye.
Unit
9
-
We’re
travelling round the world before we go to university. -
We’re
going to leave as soon as we have enough money. -
When
we’re in Australia, we’re going to learn to scuba dive on the
Great Barrier Reef.
•I
If we get ill. we’ll look after each other.
-
After
we leave Australia, we’re going to the USA.
b
We can stay with my American cousins while we’re in I.os Angeles.
-
Our
parents will be worried if we don’t keep in touch. -
We’ll
slay in the States until our visa runs out.
-
When
I get home, I’m going to have a bath. -
As
soon as this lesson finishes, I’m going home. -
If
I win. I’ll buy a new car. -
After
1 leave school, I want to go to college. -
While
I’m in New York, Г11
do some shopping. -
I’m
going to travel the world before I get too old.
лА—АШ
P
Paul M Mary
P
Bye, darling. Have a good trip to New York.
M
Thanks. I’ll ring you as soon as I arrive at the hotel.
P
Fine. Remember I’m going out with Henry tonight.
M
Well, if you’re out when I ring, I’ll leave a message on the
answer phone, so you’ll know I’ve arrived safely.
P
Great. What time do you expect you’ll be there?
M
If the plane arrives on time, 1*11 be at the hotel about 10.00.
P
All right. Give me a ring as soon as you know the time of your
flight back, and I’ll pick you up at the airport.
M
Thanks, darling. Don’t forget to water the plants while I’m
away.
P
Don’t worry. I won’t. Bye!
An
interview with Michio Kaku
I
Interviewer MK
Michio Kaku
-
Are
you optimistic about the future?
MK
Generally, yeah. If we go back to 1900, most Americans didn’t live
after the age of 50. Since then we’ve had improvements in
healthcare and technolog)-. There’s no reason why these won’t
continue far into the 21st century.
I
Are we ready for the changes that will come?
MK
Changes are already happening. The future is here now. We have DNA,
microchips, the Internet. Some people’s reaction is to say ‘We’re
too old, we don’t understand new technology.’ My reaction is to
say ‘We must educate people to use new technology’ now.’
I
Is world population going to be a big problem?
MK
Yes and no. I think that world population will stop increasing as we
all get richer. If you are part of the middle class, you don’t
want or need twelve children.
1
What will happen to people who don’t have computers?
MK
Everyone will have computers. The Internet will be free and
available to everyone.
I
Will there be a world government?
MK
Very probably. We will have to manage the world and its resources on
a global level, because countries alone are too small. We already
have a world language called English, and there is the beginning of
a world telephone system, and that’s called the Internet.
-
Will
we have control of everything?
MK
I think we’ll learn to control the weather, volcanoes and
earthquakes. Illness won’t exist. We will grow new livers, kidneys,
hearts, and lungs like spare parts for a car. People will live till
about 130 or 150. For two thousand years we have tried to understand
our environment. Now we will begin to control it.
I
What are your reasons for pessimism?
MK
People will still fundamentally be the same, with all their
intelligence and stupidity. There will still be cruel people, people
who want to fight wars against other races and religions, people who
don’t see that we have to look after our forests, our oceans, our
atmosphere, people who think that money is everything. We will have
the technology. The question is, will we have the wisdom to use the
technology to our advantage?
Ш1
-
I
did some shopping while I was in town. I bought myself a new
jumper. -
‘
1
don’t know if I love Toni or I Ienry.’
‘
Make
up your mind. You can’t marry both of them.’
-
Bye-bye!
See you soon. Take care of yourself. -
Aachoo!
Oh dear. I think I’m getting a cold. -
‘Are
the doors locked?’
‘
I
think so, but I’ll just make sure.’
nn
R
Receptionist С
Client
R
Elello, the Grand Hotel. C^athv speaking. How can I help you?
С
I’d like to make a reservation, please.
R
Certainly. When is it for?
С
It’s for two nights, the thirteenth and the fourteenth of this
month.
R
And do you want a single or a double room?
С
A single, please.
R
OK. Yes, that’s fine. 1 have a room for you.
And
your name is?
С
Robert Palmer. Can you tell me how much it
is?
R
Yes. That’s £95 a night. Can I have a credit card number, please?
С
Yes. sure. It’s a Visa. 4929 7983 0621 «849.
R
Thank you. And could 1 have a phone number?
С
Uh huh. 01727 489962.
R
That’s fine. We look forward to seeing you on the thirteenth.
Bye-bye.
С
Thanks a lot. Goodbye.
Unit
10
Don’t
look down Paul Lay dances with death in the mountains of southern
Spain
I
have always enjoyed walking. When I was a boy, I used to go walking
at weekends with my father. Wc went camping and climbing together.
1
try to visit a new place every year. Last year I decided to walk a
path in Spain called /•’/ Cumino
del Rey,
which means the King’s Way. It is one of the highest and most
dangerous footpaths in Europe. It used to be very safe, but now it
is falling down.
I
took a train to the village of El Chorro and started to walk towards
the mountains. I was very excited.
Then
the adventure began. The path was about three feet wide and there
were holes in it.
It
used to have a handrail, but not any more. I didn’t know what to
do — should I go on my hands and knees, or stand up? I decided to
stand up and walk very slowly. At times the path was only as wide as
my two boots. I stopped to have a rest, but there was nowhere to
sit.
1
began to feel very frightened. It was impossible to look down or
look up. I was concentrating so hard that my body started aching.
There was no thrill of danger, no enjoyment of the view. I thought I
was going to die.
-
finally
managed to get to the end. 1 was shaking, and I was covered in
sweat from heat and fear. I fell to the ground, exhausted.
ПШ
-
Now
1 usually go shopping on Saturday, and on Sunday morning I play
tennis. When I was a child, I used to go to school on Saturday
morning. On Sunday all the family used to get together for Sunday
lunch. -
In
the evening I used to watch TV and do my homework. Now I read, or
go out with friends. -
We
go to a hotel somewhere hot and just do nothing. When I was young,
we used to go camping in Europe. We went everywhere — France,
Italy, Austria, Germany. -
I
was very sporty. I used to play everything. Rugby, tennis,
swimming, hockey. Now I just play tennis. Oh, and walk the dog! -
I
like documentaries and sport. When I was a kid, I used to like
cartoons, comedies, action films, you know, like James lk>nd. -
I
liked all the things that kids like. Beans, pizza, fizzy drinks. I
used to love chips. Still
do.
Now I cat everything. Except peppers. Really don’t like peppers.
1ШИН
-
‘I’m
hungry. I need something to eat.’
‘Have
a sandwich.’
-
‘I’m
going to a posh party, but I don’t know what to wear.’
‘I
think you should wear your black dress’
-
‘My
CD
player’s
broken. (-in yon show пк
how to repair it?’
‘I’m
sorry. I haven’t a clue.’
-
‘Don’t
talk to me. 1 have nothing to say to you.’
‘Oh,
dear! What have I done wrong?’
-
‘Do
1 turn left or right? I don’t know where to go.’
‘Go
straight on.’
-
‘I’m
bored. I haven’t got anything to do.’ ‘Why don’t you read
the dictionary?’ -
‘Can
you get some meat?’
‘Sure.
Tell me how much to buy.’
‘A
kilo.’
-
‘I
feel lonely. I need somebody to talk to.’ ‘Come and talk to me.
I’m not doing anything.’
liMCi
frightened terrified
excited bored
surprised exhausted
-
I
met a famous film star today. -
I
spent four hours going round a museum. -
1
haven’t heard from my parents for two months. -
Wow,
Maria! What are you doing here? -
I
failed my exam. 1 worked … -
A
man started to lollow me home last night. -
My
computer’s broken, and …
liMM
It was just a joke
I
Interviewer J Jamie
I
So you decided to kidnap this boy, Tom, for his eighteenth birthday?
J
Yeah, just for a joke. We wanted to give him a real scare.
I
So how did you organize it?
J
About eight of us planned it. Tom thought he was going round to
Richard’s house, and Dave was driving him there. They came to a
place which is quite dark, and there in the middle of the road was
this body, this … dead body.
1
And this was one of you?
J
Yeah, it was Andrew. Dave stopped the car and got out, and then said
to Tom, ‘Hey,
Tom,
come and help. This looks really serious.’ So Tom got out. I was
hiding behind a tree, and I jumped on him. There were about six of
us, all dressed in black with balaclavas on our heads. And I had
this gun, well, a toy gun, and I put it in his face and started
screaming at him to lie on the ground. Then we tied him up, put a
blindfold on him, and threw him in the back of the car.
I
Did anyone see you doing this?
J
Well, yeah, but I’ll tell you about that later.
-
And
how was Tom? Wasn’t he terrified?
J
Yeah, it was all so real. Tom started to say things like ‘Please,
I haven’t seen your faces. Please let me go.’ We were all so
worried …
you
know, that it was getting too real, but we couldn’t stop.’Please,’
he said,‘don’t kill me!’ Anyway, we got him to Richard’s
house and put him in a room with just a chair in the middle and all
these lights pointing at him, so we could see him but he couldn’t
see us, and then we all started singing Happy Birthday.
I
That’s amazing!
)
Tom tried to say that he knew it was us from the start, but that’s
just not true. 1 Ie was so terrified.
I
So
what about these people who saw the kidnap?
J
Well, someone saw what was happening from a bedroom window and
called the police, and soon there were police* cars and armed police
everywhere, dogs, and a police helicopter all looking for
terrorists. And that was us!
I
And they found you?
J
We were driving past later that evening, and the police were
stopping everyone and asking if they knew anything about a kidnap,
and we had to confess that it was just a joke.
I
Weren’t they angry with you for wasting so much police time?
J
Yeah, well. We’re still waiting to hear if we’re going to be
taken to court.
I
And
has Tom forgiven you?
J
Oh, yeah. 1 le’U never forget his eighteenth birthday, though.
IIMVJ
sec p85
ПИП
-
Their
house is such a mess! I don’t know how they live in it. -
ЧЪеге
were so many people at the party!
There
was nowhere to dance.
-
Fm
so
hungry! I
could
eat a horse. -
Jane
and Pete arc such nicc people! But I can’t stand their kids. -
I’ve
spent so much money this week! I don’t know where it’s all
gone. -
A
present! For me? You’re so kind! You really didn’t have to. -
We’ve
had such a nice time! Thank you so much for inviting us. -
Molly’s
such a clever clog! She understands every word I say.
Unit
11
Questions
and answers
-
When
was the first hamburger made?
In
1895.
-
When
was the first McDonald s opened?
In
1948.
-
Where
were the first hamburgers made?
In
Connecticut.
-
Who
were they made by?
Louis
Lassen.
-
Why
were they called hamburgers?
Because
the recipe came from Hamburg.
-
How
many McDonald’s restaurants have been opened since 1948?
25,000.
-
I
low many hamburgers are eaten every day? 35 million.
НИ1
-
A
Are Coca-Cola and hamburgers sold only
in
America?
В
No, they aren’t. They’re sold all over the world.
-
A
Was Coca-Cola invented by I.ouis Lassen? В
No, it wasn’t. It was invented by John
Pemberton.
-
A
Were the first hamburgers made in 1948?
В
No, they weren’t. They were made in
1893.
-
A
Was the first McDonald’s restaurant
opened
in New York?
В
No, it wasn’t. It was opened in San Bernadino, in California.
-
A
Have 2,500 restaurants now been opened
worldwide?
В
No, not 2,500. 25,000 have been opened worldwide.
The
history of chewing gum
P
Presenter I — Interviewer
LW
— Leanne Ward, chewing gum expert
A
В
— Interviewees
Part
one
P
Today in Worldly Wise, the world’s most common habit ….
Yes,
chewing gum. We chew 100,000 tons of it every year but how many of
us actually know what it’s made of?
I
Excuse me, I see you’re chewing gum …
A
Yeah.
1
Have you got any idea what it’s made of?
A
Nall — no idea. Never thought about it.
I
Have you
any idea what chewing gum is made of?
В
… Er no, not a clue. Rubber maybe?
-
And
do you have any idea who invented it?
A
The Americans?
В
Yeah — sure — I reckon it was invented in America, yeah.
P
Well no. It wasn’t the Americans who invented chewing gum. It was
the Swedes.
The
Swedes, 1 hear you say? But listen to Leanne Ward, a chewing gum
expert.
LW
The history of chewing goes back thousands of years. In Sweden in
1993, the skeleton of a teenager was found, he was nine thousand
years old. And in his mouth was a gum made of tree sap and sweetened
with honey — the first known chewing gum.
P
It seems we’ve always chewed things of no real food value. Babies
are born wanting to chew. Everything goes straight into their
mouths. So why do we chew? Here’s Leanne again.
LW
We chew to clean our teeth and freshen our breath but also because
we just like chewing. The ancient Greeks chewed a gum called
masiica,
which is a type of tree sap. They thought it was good for their
health and women really enjoyed chewing it as a way to sweeten their
breath. Then in the first century AD we know that the Mayan Indians
in South America liked to chew a tree sap, called chiclay.
They wrapped it in leaves and put it in their mouths so this was, if
you like, the first packet of chewing gum. The American Indians also
chewed tree sap — they gave it to the English when they arrived, but
it wasn’t until a few hundred years after, that it became really
popular in America.
ШШКШ
Part two
P
The history of modern chewing gum begins in 19th century America. In
1892 a clever young salesman called William Wriglcy decided that
chewing gum was the thing of the future. Wriglcy was a business
genius. I le was the first to use advertising to sell in a big way.
I Icre’s Leanne.
LW
William Wriglcy was really an advertising genius. He hired hundreds
of pretty girls, who he called ‘the Wriglcy girls’. They walked up
and down the streets of Chicago and New York City
handing
out free gum. Millions of pieces were given away. He also had huge
electric signs and billboards — one billboard was a mile long, it
ran along the side of the train track. So with all this, chewing gum
became very popular all over the USA.
P
So how did the world get to know and love chewing gum? Leanne again.
LW
Well, during the Second World War
American
soldiers were given Wriglcy gum to help them relax. In 1944 all
gum production went to the US Army and they took their gum overseas
and gave it to children. Soon ■they were followed everywhere by
the cry: ‘Got any gum, chum?’.
P
And so the popularity of gum spread to other countries. After the
war sales of gum exploded worldwide. Chewing gum was even taken into
space by the first astronauts. So what exactly is
it made о
I?
LW
Well, the strangest thing about gum today is that nobody knows what
it’s made of.
Nobody
will tell you. The chewing gum industry keeps the recipe top secret.
■ЛИ
-
‘Are
we nearly there yet. Dad?’
«No.
It’s miles to go, but we’ll stop soon and have something to
eat.’
‘All
right. 1 need the toilet, anyway.’
-
’I
low much is it to send this letter to Australia?’
‘Give
it to me and I’ll weigh it. That’s … £1.20.’
‘OK.
That’s fine. And a book of ten first-class stamps, please.’
‘All
right.’
-
‘Hi.
Can I pay for my petrol, please?’
‘Which
pump?’
‘Er
… pump number … five*
‘Forty-one
pounds 78p, please.’
-
The
7.56 from Bristol is now arriving at platform 4. Virgin Rail would
like to apologize for the late arrival of this service. This was
due to circumstances beyond our control. -
A
vodka and orange, please.’
‘How
old are you?’
‘Eighteen.’
‘Hmm.
Have you got any identification on you?’
‘No.’
Unit
12
11Ш1
If
I were a princess, I’d live in a palace. I’d have servants to
look after me. My Mum would be Queen, and she wouldn’t work. I
wouldn’t go to school. I’d have a private teacher. I’d ride a
white horse, and I’d wear a long dress. I could have all the
sweets I wanted.
HEM
sccp96
1ДШ
-
‘I
have no money. What am I going to do?’
‘If
1 were you, I’d try to spend less.’
‘What
do you mean?’
‘Well,
you buy a lot of clothes, designer clothes. Stop buying such
expensive clothes.’ ‘But I like them!’
-
‘My
hair’s awful. I can’t do anything with it.’ ‘It’s not
that bad.’
‘It
is, really. Just look at it.’
‘Well,
if I were you. I’d try that new hairdresser, Antonio. He’s
supposed to be very good, and not that expensive.’
‘Mmm.
OK, I’ll try it. Thanks.’
-
I’ve
got toothache.’
‘Have
you seen a dentist?’
‘No.’
‘Well,
if I were you, I’d make an appointment right now.’
-
‘I’ve
had a row with my boyfriend.’
‘What
about?’
‘Oh,
the usual thing. He gets jealous if 1 just look at another boy.’
‘And
did you?’
‘No,
of course not!’
‘Well,
if I were you. I’d love him and leave him. He won’t ever change,
you know.’
‘Oh,
I couldn’t do that.’
-
‘My
car won’t start in the morning.’
‘If
I were you, I’d buy a new one. Yours is so old.’
‘I
know it’s old, but I can’t afford a new one.’ ‘Well, take it
to a garage. Let them have a look at it.’
‘All
right.’
-
‘My
neighbours make a lot of noise.’
‘Do
they? That’s awful.’
‘Mmm.
We can’t get to sleep at night.’
‘I
lave you spoken to them about this?’
‘No,
we’re too frightened.’
‘If
I were you, I’d invite them round to your flat for coffee and say
that you’re having problems.’
‘That’s
probably a good idea. I’m not sure they’ll come, but I’ll try
it.’
fciHEl
Ruth
I’m
having a holiday in Italy for a couple of weeks, staying in a villa
in Tuscany. Then I’m going to look for a job. 1 want to work in
the media — advertising or the BBC would be perfect.
My
sister and I arc going to buy a flat together, somewhere central, so
we’ll have to start looking soon. I’m very excited about the
future. And I’m also highly ambitious!
Henry
I’m
not sure yet. Some friends have invited me to go to Long Island with
them, so I might go to
Amcrica.
I’ll have to earn some money, so I might work in a restaurant for a
bit.
I
don’t know what 1 want to do. I love France, so I might live in
Paris lor a while. I could earn some mono)- painting portraits in
Montmartre. Who knows? 1 might meet a beautiful French girl and fall
in love! Wouldn’t that be wonderful!
1ЙМИ
I
— Interviewer A = /Mice Lester 1 When did you first hear these
voices, Alice?
A
Well, I was at home, sitting and reading.
I
And what did they say?
A
The first time, there was just one voicc. It
said,’Don’t
be afraid, I just want to help you.’ I But it didn’t say how it
wanted to help you?
A
No, it didn’t. It just went away.
I
And what about the second time?
A
It was while I was away on holiday, but this time there were two
voices. They told me to go back home immediately, because there was
something wrong with me.
1
So is that what you did?
A
Yes. And when I was back in London, the voices gave me an address to
go to.
I
And what was the address?
A
Well, now it starts to get very strange. The address was the brain
scan department of St Marys Hospital. I went there and I met Mr
Abrahams, who is a consultant. As I was meeting him, the voices said
to me, ‘Tell him you have a tumour in your brain, and that you’re
in a lot of danger.’ I said this to Mr Abrahams, but I know he
didn’t believe me. Anyway, he gave me a scan, and I did have a
tumour!
!
What an incredible story? Did you have an operation?
A
Yes, I did. And after the operation, the voices came back again, and
they said ‘We’re pleased we were able to help you. (joodbye.’
And I ‘vc been in good health ever since. Now, what do you think of
that?
ШШУЖЛ
-
A
Excuse me! Can I get past?
В
Pardon?
A
Can I get past, please?
В
I’m sorry. I didn’t hear you. Yes, of course. A Thanks a lot.
-
A
I hear you’re going to get married soon.
Congratulations!
В
That’s right, next July. July 21. Can you
come
to the wedding?
A
Oh, what a pity! That’s when we’re away on holiday.
С
Never mind. We’ll send you some wedding cake.
A
That’s very kind.
-
A
Oh, dear! Look at the time! Hurry up, or
we’ll
miss the train.
В
Just a minute! I can’t find my umbrella.
Do
you know where it is?
A
I haven’t a clue. But you won’t need it. It’s a lovely day.
Just look at the sky!
В
Oh, all right. Let’s go, then.
-
A
Good luck in your exam!
В
Same to you. I hope we both pass.
A
Did you go out last night?
В
No, of course not. I went to bed early.
What
about you?
A
Me, too. See you later, after the exam.
Let’s
go out for a drink.
В
Good
idea.
Unit
13
iimi
-
How
long have you been sleeping on the streets?
For
a year. It was very cold at first, but you get used to it.
-
Why
did you come to London?
I
came here to look for work, and I never left.
-
How
long have you been selling The
Iiig Issue?
For
six months. I’m in Covcnt Garden seven days a week selling the
magazine.
-
Have
you made many friends?
Lots.
But I can’t stand people who think I drink or take drugs. My
problem is I’m homeless. I want a job, but I need somewhere to live
before 1 can get a job. So I need money to get somewhere to live, but
I can’t get money because I can’t get a job, and I can’t get a
job because I haven’t got somewhere to live. So Pm trapped.
-
I
low many copies do you sell a day?
Usually
about fifty.
-
I
low many copies have you sold today?
So
far, ten. But it’s still early.
HH»1
How
long have you been trying to find a job? How many jobs have you had?
I
low long have you been standing here today? How did you lose your
business?
How
long have you had your dog?
Who’s
your best friend?
Where
did you meet him?
I
low long have you known each other?
i’i’Hi
A
How long have you been trying to find a job? В
For
three years. It’s been really difficult.
A
How many jobs have you had?
В
About
thirty, maybe more. I’ve done everything.
A
i low long have you been standing here today?
В
Since
8.00 this morning, and I’m freezing.
A
How did you lose your business?
В
I owed
a lot of money in tax, and I couldn’t pay it.
A
I low long have you had your dog?
В
I’ve
had her for about two months, that’s all. A Who’s your best f
riend?
В
A
chap called Robbie, who’s also from Scotland, like me.
A
Where did you meet him?
В
I
met him here in Ixindon.
A
How long have you known each other?
В
About
ten months. I met him soon after I came to Ix>ndon.
am
see T13.5
Phoning
home С
— Craig M • His mother
С
Hi Mum. Its me,Craig.
M
C’raig! I lello! I low lovely to hear from you.
I
low are you? How’s the new job going?
С
Work’s OK — I think. I’m just … so …
M
Tired? You sound tired. Arc you tired? What have you been doing?
С
В
am
tired, really tired. I’ve been working so
hard
and everything’s so new to me. Pm in the office until eight o’clock
every night.
M
Bight o’clock! Every night? That’s terrible. And when do you eat?
Have you been eating well?
С
Yes, yes — I’ve been eating OK. After work, Tessa and I go out for
a drink and something to eat in the pub round the corner. We’re too
t i red to cook.
M
1 essa? Who’s Tessa?
С
Tessa? Yes, Tessa. I’m sure I’ve told you about Tessa. We work
together in the same office — she’s been working here for a while, so
she’s been helping me a lot. She’s really nice. You’d like her,
Mum, if you met her. She lives near me.
M
Mmm. Maybe you told your father about her, but not me. I’ve
certainly never heard you talk about Tessa before.
С
Ah yes. Dad. How is he? Whats he been doing recently?
M
Well, he’s just returned from a business trip to I lolland, so he
hasn’t been to work today, he’s … he’s been relaxing.
С
Oh, yes of course. I le’s been working in Amsterdam, hasn’t he?
Well. Pm glad he’s relaxing now. And what about you. Mum?
M
Well, I was going to ring you actually. You see Pm coming to London
next Tuesday. Pm going to a teachers’ conference at the university,
and 1 wondered if I could stay at your flat.
С
Next Tuesday. Thai’s great! Of course you can stay at my flat. I’ll
try to leave work earlier that day and I’ll meet you after the
conference. You can meet Tessa, too. We’ll go o-ut for a meal.
M
Lovely! Pm looking forward to it already.
С
Me too. See you next week. Bye for now. Love to Dad!
M
Bye, C’raig. Take care.
See
pi09
307
4922 1-800-878-5311 315 253 6031 517 592 2122 212 726 6390
P
— Peter J — John 1 P Hello. 793422.
-
I
lello, Peter. This is John.
P
Hi, John. I low are you?
J
Fine, thanks. And you?
P
All right. Did you have a nice weekend?
You
went away, didn’t you?
J
Yes, we went to see some friends who live in the country. It was
lovely. We had a good time.
P
All, good.
J
Peter, could you do me a favour? Pm playing squash tonight, but my
racket’s broken. Could I borrow yours?
P
Sure, that’s fine.
J
Thanks a lot. I’ll come and get it in half an hour, if that’s OK.
P
Yes, I’ll be in.
-
OK.
Bye.
P
Bye.
Л
Receptionist В Student С
= Ann, a teacher.
-
A
Good morning. International School of
English.
В
I Icllo, could I speak to Ann Baker, please? A I lold on. I’ll
connect you.
С
Hello.
A
Hello. Can I speak to Ann Baker, please?
С
Speaking.
A
Ah, hello. 1 saw your advertisement about English classes in a
magazine. Q>uld you send me some information, please?
С
Certainly. (Ian 1 just take some details? Could you give me your name
and address, please?
A
Mike’s flatmate В
Jim
-
A
Hello.
В
Hello. Is that Mike?
A
No, I’m afraid he’s out at the moment.
Can
I take a message?
В
Yes. please. Can you say that lim phoned, and I’ll try again later.
Do you know w.tat time he’ll be back?
A
In about an hour, I think.
В
Thanks. Goodbye.
A
Goodbye.
Unit
14
UUIJ
see pi II
iiffl
Listen and check I was delighted bccausc I’d passed all my exams.
I
was hungry because I hadn’t had any breakfast. I went to bed early
because I’d had a busy day Our teacher was angry because we hadn’t
done the homework.
My
log hurt because I’d fallen over playing football.
The
plants died because I’d forgotten to water them.
The
house was in a mess because we’d had a party the night before.
giro
Which sentences contain had?
-
When
wc arrived she left. -
When
we arrived she’d left. -
She’d
like to leave now. -
We’d
stopped playing when the rain started. -
We
stopped playing when the rain started. -
We’d
play tennis if the rain stopped. -
1
Ie checked that he’d turned off his moblc phone. -
He
turned off the television and went to bed. -
I
couldn’t believe that I’d lost my passport again. -
If
I lost my passport, I’d be very upset.
ОШ
What duc> Mai у say?
I
love John very much.
Wc
met six months ago.
I’ve
never been in love before.
We’re
very happy.
I’ll
love him forever.
I’m
seeing him this evening.
tim
W’hat did Mary tell you?
Mary
told me that she loved John very much. She said that they’d met six
months ago and that she’d never been in love before. She told me
that
they
were very happy and that she’d love him forever. She said that she
was seeing him that evening.
An
interview with Carmen Day I Interviewer CD Carmen Day
I
Carmen, why have you written another romantic novel?
CI)
Because I find romantic fiction easy to write, but my next novel
won’t be a romance. I’m hoping to write something different,
perhaps a detective story.
I
In One
Short Ilot Summer,
who is the character of Bradley based on?
CD
Ah, well he’s based on my first husband, Clive Maingay the actor.
Clive made mo very unhappy, very unhappy indeed.
I
You say’your first husband’ have you then remarried?
CD
Yes, indeed. I’ve been married for nearly ten years to Tony Marsh,
you know, the politician.
I
Yes, I know him. Are you happy now?
CD
Oh, yes. I can honestly say that I’ve found happiness again. Tony
and 1 are very happy indeed.
I
Carmen, how many novels have you written so far?
Cl)
Well, I’ve written five novels now, and three stories for children.
I
And when do you think you’ll stop writing? Cl) Never. I’ll never
stop. I’ll continue to write even when I’m an old lady.
In
an interview Carmen said she had written another romantic novel
bccausc she found romantic fiction easy to write, but that her next
novel would be something different, possibly a detective story.
Carmen
said that the character of Bradley was based on her first husband.
Clive Maingay, the actor, who had made her very unhappy. But she
added that she was now married to Tony Marsh the politician. She said
that they had been married for nearly ten years and that they were
very happy together.
She
told me that she had now written five novels, and also that she had
written three stories for children. She said she would never stop
writing, not even when she was an old lady.
11И1
A song Talk
to me
Well
every night I sec a light up in your window But every night you won’t
answer the door But although you won’t ever let me in From the street
I can see your silhouette silting close to him What must I do?
What
does it take To get you to Talk to me
Until
the night is over Talk to me
Well
until the night is over, yeah yeah yeah
I
got a full week’s pay
And
baby I’ve been working hard all day
I’m
not asking for the world, you see
I’m
just asking girl
Talk
to me
Well
late at night I hear music that you’re playing soft and low
Yes
and late at night 1 sec the two of you swaying so close
-
don’t
understand darling what was my sin?
Why
am I down hero below while you’re up there with him?
What
did 1 do?
What
did I say?
What
must I pay To get you to Talk to me
Until
the night is over Talk to me
Well
until the night is over, yeah yeah yeah
I’ve
got a full week’s pay
And
baby I’ve been working hard all day
I’m
not asking for the world, you see
I’m
just asking girl
Talk
to me.
HE**
Saying goodbye
a
(Joodbypi I )rivr rarpfiilly and call us when you get there! b Bye!
See you later. Arc you doing anything tonight?
с
Goodbye! Have a safe journey. Send us a postcard!
d
Goodbye. 1 lore’s my number. Please get in touch if you have any
problems with it. с
Goodbye. It has been most interesting talking to you. We’ll let you
know by post, f Goodbye! Good luck in the future. I’ve really
enjoyed our lessons together! g Bye-bye! ‘rhank you for a lovely
evening. You must come to us next time, h Goodbye. Thank you for a
lovely evening.
You
must come to us next time.
Grammar
Reference
Unit
1
-
Tenses
This
unit has examples of the Present Simple and Present Continuous, the
Past Simple, and two future forms: going
to
and the Present Continuous for the future.
All
these tenses arc covered again in later units.
Present
tenses Unit 2
Past
tenses Unit 3
Future
forms Units 5 and 9
The
aim in this unit is to revise what you know.
Present
tenses
He
lives with his parents.
She
speaks three languages.
I’m
enjoying the course.
They’re
studying at university.
Past
tense
Me
went to America last year.
She
came to England three years ago.
Future
forms
I’m
going to work as an interpreter.
What
arc you doing tonight?
-
Questions
Questions
with question words
-
Questions
can begin with a question word.
Form
Verb
forms with an auxiliary verb
|
Positive |
Question |
|
She They |
Is What |
Verb
forms with no auxiliary verb
In
the Present Simple and the Past Simple there is no auxiliary verb in
the positive.
They
live in London.
He
arrived yesterday.
Do/does/did
is used in the question.
Do
they live in London?
Where
does Bill come from?
When
did he arrive?
what
where which how who when why whose
Where’s
the station?
Why
are you laughing?
Whose
is this coat?
How
does she go to work?
-
What,
which,
and whose
can be followed by a noun.
What
size do you take?
What
sort of music do you like?
Which
coat is yours?
Whose
book is this?
-
Which
is generally used when there is a limited choice.
Which
is your husband? The blond one or the dark one? This rule is not
always true.
What
I j
Which
ncwsPaPcr
y°u rcac>?
-
How
can be followed by an adjective or an adverb.
How
big is his new car?
How
fast does it go?
How
can also be followed by much
or many.
How
much is this sandwich?
How
many brothers and sisters have you got?
Questions
with no question word
The
answer to these questions is Yes
or No.
Are
you hot? Yes, I am./No, I’m not.
Is
she working? Yes, she is./No, she isn’t.
Does
he smoke? Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
(Jan
you swim? Yes, I can./No, I can’t.
NOT
Yes, ft». Yes, «he».
Are
you going?
Is
Anna working?
Yes,
I do.
No,
she doesn’t.
2.1
Present Simple Form
Positive
and negative
|
I We |
live |
|
|
You |
don’t |
|
|
They |
near |
|
|
He |
lives |
|
|
She |
doesn’t |
|
|
It |
Question
|
do |
I wc |
||
|
YOU |
|||
|
Where |
they |
live? |
|
|
he |
|||
|
does |
she |
||
|
it |
Short
answer
Do
you like Peter?
Docs
she speak French?
Use
The
Present Simple is used to express:
-
a
habit.
1
get up
at
7.30.
Cinda
smokes too much.
-
a
fact which is always true.
Vegetarians
don’t cat meat.
Wc
come from Spain.
-
a
fact which is true for a long time.
-
live
in Oxford.
She
works in a bank.
Question
|
am |
I |
||
|
What |
is |
he she it |
wearing? |
|
are |
we you they |
Short
answer
Yes,
I am./No, I’m not. Yes, she is./No, she isn’t.
Use
The
Present Continuous is used to express:
-
an
activity happening now.
They’re
playing football in the garden.
She
can’t answer the phone because she’s washing her hair.
-
an
activity happening around now, but perhaps not at the moment of
speaking.
She’s
studying maths at university.
I’m
reading a good book by Henry James.
-
a
planned future arrangement.
I’m
meeting Miss Boyd at ten o’clock tomorrow.
What
are you doing this evening?
-
Present
Simple and Present Continuous 1
Look at the wrong sentences, and compare them with the correct
Hans
is coming from Germany. Hans comes from Germany.
This
is a great party. Everyone has a good time.
This
is a great party. Everyone is having a good time.
I
read a good book at the moment.
I’m
reading a good book at the moment.
2.2
Present Continuous Form
am/is/are
+ -ing
(present participle) Positive and negative
|
I |
’m |
|
|
’m |
||
|
He She It |
s |
working. |
|
We You |
’re |
|
|
They |
arcn |
2
There arc some verbs that are usually used in the Present Simple
only. They express a state, not an activity.
I
like Coke.
I’m
liking Coke.
Other
verbs like this are think,
agree, understand, love.
|
Have |
I we you they |
|
Has |
he she |
got
a car?
Do
you have a camera? Have you got a camera?
Yes,
I did. No, it didn’t.
2.4
have/have got
Form
Positive
|
E |
||
|
We |
have |
|
|
You |
’ve |
|
|
1Ъеу |
two |
|
|
He |
has |
|
|
She |
sgot |
Negative
|
I We |
don’t |
|
|
You |
haven’t |
|
|
They |
any |
|
|
Me |
doesn’t |
|
|
She |
hasn’t |
Question
|
Do |
I we you they |
|
Does |
he she |
have
a car?
Short
answer
Yes,
I do./No, I don’t.
Yes,
I have./No, I haven’t.
Wc
can use contractions (’ve
and’s) with have
got,
but not with have.
I’ve
got a sister.
I
have a sister. NOT a sister.
Use
1
Have
and have
got
mean the same. Have
got
is informal. We use it a lot when wc speak, but not when we write.
Have
you got a light?
The
Prime Minister has a meeting with the President today.
In
American English, have
+ do/does
is much more common.
Have
and have
got
express possession.
|
1 |
|
|
I’ve |
|
|
She |
a |
|
He |
|
|
He’s |
When
have
+ noun expresses an activity or a habit, have
and the do/does/don’t!doesn’t
forms are used. Have
got
is not used. Compare these sentences.
|
/ / |
I’ve |
|
/ У |
What |
|
X / |
He |
In
the past tense, the got
forms arc unusual. Had
with did
and didn’t
is
much more common.
I
had a bicycle when I was young.
My
parents had a lot of books in the house.
Did
you have a nice weekend?
-
didn’t
have any money when I was a student.
Unit
3
-
Past
Simple Spelling
-
The
normal rule is to add -ed.
worked
started If the verb ends in -e,
add -d.
lived
loved
-
If
the verb has only one syllable + one vowel + one consonant, double
the consonant.
stopped
planned
-
If
the verb ends in a consonant + -y,
change the -y
to -ied.
studied
carried There arc many common irregular verbs. Sec the list on pl43.
Form
The
form of the Past Simple is the same for all persons.
Positive
|
I |
||
|
He/She/It |
finished |
|
|
We |
arrived |
yesterday. |
|
You |
went |
|
|
They |
Negative
The
negative of the Past Simple is formed with didn’t.
He
walked.
He
didn’t walk
|
I He/She/It |
||
|
We |
didn’t |
arrive |
|
You |
||
|
They |
Question
The
question in the Past Simple is formed with did.
She
finish ed .
When
did she finish ?
|
she |
||
|
When |
you they etc. |
arrive? |
Short
answer
Did
you go to work yesterday? Did it rain last night?
What
were you doing What did you do
when
it started to rain?
Use
-
The
Past Simple expresses a past action that is now finished.
We
played tennis last Sunday.
1
worked in London from 1994 to 1999. John left two minutes ago.
-
Notice
the time expressions that are used with the Past Simple.
last
year, last month.
-
did
it five years ago.
yesterday
morning, in 1985.’
-
Past
Continuous
Form
was/were
+ -ing (present
participle)
-
Past
Simple and Past Continuous
-
The
Past Simple expresses past actions as simple facts.
-
did
my homework last night.
‘What
did you do yesterday evening?’ ‘I watched TV.’
-
The
Past (Continuous gives past activities time and duration. The
activity can be interrupted.
‘What
were you doing at 8.00?’ ‘I was watching TV?
-
was
doing my homework when Jane arrived.
-
In
stories, the Past Continuous can describe the scene. ‘Hie Past
Simple tells the action.
It
was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and the birds were
singing,
so we decided to go for a picnic. Wc put everything in the car …
-
The
questions below refer to different time periods. The Past
Continuous asks about activities before, and the Past Simple asks
about what happened after.
We
were playing tennis. We went home.
Positive
and negative
|
I |
||
|
Me |
was |
|
|
She |
wasn’t |
|
|
It |
working. |
|
|
Wfe You They |
were weren’t |
Question
|
was |
I he she |
||
|
What |
it |
doing? |
|
|
we |
|||
|
were |
you they |
-
Prepositions
in time expressions
|
at |
in |
no |
|
at |
in in |
today yesterday tomorrow the |
|
on |
||
|
on |
Short
answer
|
Were |
Yes, |
|
yesterday? |
|
|
Was |
No, |
|
you |
Use
]
The Past Continuous expresses a past activity that has duration.
-
Met her while I was living in Paris.
You
were making a lot of noise last night.
What
were you doing?
-
The
activity began before
the action expressed by the Past Simple.
She
was making coffee when wc arrived.
When
I phoned Simon he was having dinner.
-
The
Past Continuous expresses an activity in progress before, and
probably after, a time in the past.
When
I woke up this morning, the sun was shining.
What
were you doing at 8.00 last night?
-
Expressions
of quantity
Count
and uncount noun»
-
It
is important to understand the difference between count and uncount
nouns.
|
Count |
Uncount |
|
a |
water |
|
a |
sugar |
|
an |
milk |
|
an |
music |
|
a |
money |
We
can say three
cups, two girls, ten pounds.
We can count them. We cannot say two
vwUeei. one
money.
We cannot count
them.
-
Count
nouns can be singular or plural.
This
cup is full.
These
cups are empty.
Uncount
nouns can only be singular.
The
water is cold.
The
weather was terrible.
much
and many
-
We
use much
with uncount nouns in questions and negatives.
How
much money have you got?
There
isn’t much milk left.
-
We
use many
with count nouns in questions and negatives.
How
many people were at the party?
I
didn’t take many photos on holiday.
some
and any
-
Some
is used in positive sentences.
I’d
like some sugar.
-
Any
is used in questions and negatives.
Is
there any sugar in this tea?
-
lave
you got any brothers and sisters?
We
don’t have any washing-up liquid.
-
didn’t
buy any apples.
-
We
use some
in questions that arc requests or offers.
Can
I have some cake?
Would
you like some tea?
-
The
rules arc the same for the compounds someone,
anything, anybody, somewhere,
etc.
I’ve
got something for you.
-
lello?
Is anybody here?
There
isn’t anywhere to go in my town.
a
few
and a little
-
We
use a
few
with count nouns.
There
are a few cigarettes left, but not many.
-
We
use a
little
with uncount nouns.
Can
you give me a little help?
a
fot/lots of
-
We
use a
lot/lots of
with both count and uncount nouns.
There’s
a lot of butter.
I’ve
got lots of friends.
-
A
lot/lots of
can be used in questions and negatives.
Are
there lots of tourists in your country?
There
isn’t a lot of butter, but there’s enough.
-
Articles
— a and the
-
The
indefinite article a
or an
is used with singular, countable nouns to refer to a thing or an
idea for the first time.
We
have a cat and a dog.
There’s
a supermarket in Adam Street.
-
The
definite article the
is used with singular and plural, countable and uncountable nouns
when both the speaker and the listener know the thing or idea
already.
We
have a cat and a dog. The cat is old, but the dog is just a puppy.
I’m
going to the supermarket. Do you want anything? (We both know which
supermarket.)
Indefinite
article
The
indefinite article is used:
-
with
professions.
I’m
a teacher.
She’s
an architect.
-
with
some expressions of quantity.
a
pair of a little a couple of a few
-
in
exclamations with what
+
a count noun.
What
a lovely day!
What
a pity!
Definite
article
The
definite article is used:
-
before
seas, rivers, hotels, pubs, theatres, museums, and newspapers.
the
Atlantic the British Museum The
Times
the Ritz
-
if
there is only one of something.
the
sun the Queen the Government
-
with
superlative adjectives.
I
le’s the richest man in the world, jane’s the oldest in the
class.
No
article There is no article:
-
before
plural and uncountable nouns when talking about things in general.
I
like potatoes.
Milk
is good for you.
-
before
countries, towns, streets, languages, magazines, meals, airports,
stations, and mountains.
I
had lunch with John.
I
bought Cosmopolitan
at Paddington Station.
-
before
some places and with some forms of transport.
at
home in/to bed at/to work at/to school/university by bus by plane by
car by train on foot
She
goes to work by bus.
-
was
at home yesterday evening.
-
in
exclamations with what
+ an uncount noun.
What
beautiful weather!
What
loud music!
Note
In
the phrase go
home,
there is no article and no preposition.
-
went
home early. NOT
-
Verb
patterns 1
Here
are four verb patterns. There is a list of verb patterns on pi43.
-
Verb
+
to +
infinitive
They
want to buy a new car.
I’d
like to go abroad.
-
Verb
+ -ing
Everyone
loves going to parties.
He
finished reading his book.
-
Verb
+ -ing
or + to
+
infinitive with no change in meaning
It
began to rain/raining.
I
continued to work/working in the library.
-
Verb
+ preposition + -ing
We’re
thinking of moving house.
I’m
looking forward to having more free time.
-
like
doing
and would
like to do
-
Like
doing
and love
doing
express a general enjoyment.
I
like working as a teachcr. = I am a teacher and I enjoy it.
-
love
dancing. — This is one of my hobbies.
-
Would
like to do
and would
love to do
express a preference now or at a specific time.
I’d
like to be a teacher. — When I grow up, I want to be a teacher. Thank
you. I’d love to dance. = We’re at a disco. I’m pleased that
you asked me.
Question Short
answer
Will
is used:
-
to
express a future decision or intention made at
the moment of speaking.
‘It’s
Jane’s birthday.’ ‘Is it? I’ll buy her some flowers’
I’U
give you my phone number.
‘Which
do you want? The blue or the red?’
Til
take the red, thank you.’
-
to
express an offer.
I’ll
carry your suitcase.
We’ll
do the washing-up.
Other
uses of will
are covered in Unit 9.
going
to Form
am/is/are
+ going
+ to
+ infinitive
|
’m |
||
|
I |
“m |
|
|
He |
||
|
She It |
’s |
going |
|
We |
||
|
You |
’re |
|
|
They |
aren’t |
Yes,
1 would./Yes, I’d love to. Yes,
I would./No, thank you.
Short
answer
Are
they going to get married? Yes, they are./No, they aren’i
Would
you like to dance?
Would
you like to come for a walk?
Note
No,
1 wouldn’t
is not common because it is impolite.
-
will
Form
will
+
infinitive without to
Will
is a modal auxiliary verb. There is an introduction to modal
auxiliary verbs on pi37 of the Grammar Reference. The forms of will
are
the same for all persons.
Positive
and negative
Question
|
am |
I |
||
|
When |
is |
he she it |
going |
|
we |
|||
|
are |
you the)’ |
come,
help you. invite Tom.
’11
(will) won’t
Yes,
I will.
I
He/Shc/It
Wc/You/They
Question
|
he |
||
|
When |
you |
help |
|
they |
Short
answer
Will
you help me?
Note
No,
1 won’t
is not common because it is impolite. It means ‘I don’t want to
help you.’
A
polite way of saying’no’ here is‘I’m afraid I can’t.’
Use
Going
to
is used:
-
to
express a future decision, intention, or plan made before
the moment of speaking.
How
long are they going to stay in Rome?
She
isn’t going to have a birthday party.
Note
The
Present Continuous can be used in a similar way for a plan or
arrangement, particularly with the verbs go
and come.
She’s
coming on Friday.
I’m
going home early tonight.
-
when
we can see or feel now that something is certain to happen in the
future.
Look
at these clouds! It’s going to rain.
Watch
out! That box is going to fall.
will
or going
to?
Look
at die use of will
and going
to
in these sentences.
I’m
going to make a chicken casserole for dinner.
(I
decided this morning and bought everything for it.)
What
shall I cook for dinner? Er … I know! I’ll make chicken
casserole! That’s a good idea!
(I
decided at the moment of speaking.)
Use
1
|
’s |
She’s |
|||
|
What |
are |
like? |
They’re |
2 |
|
was |
Wonderful. |
6.1
What…
like?
Form
whirl
+ to
be +
subjcct + like?
Note
We
don’t use like
in the answer.
She’s
patient. NOT She»
like
puli
Use
What…
like?
means ‘Describe somebody or something. Tell me about them. I don’t
know anything about them.’
Like
in this question is a preposition, not a verb:
‘What’s
Jim like?’ ‘He’s intelligent and kind, and he’s got lovely
blue eyes.’
In
the following sentences like
is a verb:
‘What
does Jim like?’ ‘He likes motorbikes and playing tennis.’
Note
How’s
your mother? asks
about health. It doesn’t ask for a description. ‘How’s your
mother?’ ‘She’s very well, thank you.’
We
use comparatives to compare one thing, person, or action with
another.
She’s
taller than me.
London’s
more expensive than Rome.
We
use superlatives to compare somebody or something with the whole
group.
She’s
the tallest in the class.
It’s
the most expensive hotel in the world.
As
… as
shows that something is the same or equal.
Jim’s
as tall as Peter.
I’m
as worried as you are.
Not
as/so … as
shows that something isn’t the same or equal. She isn’t as tall
as her mother.
My
car wasn’t so expensive as yours.
-
Comparative
and superlative adjectives Form
-
Look
at the chart.
|
Comparative |
Superlative |
||
|
Short |
cheap |
cheaper |
cheapest |
|
small |
smaller |
smallest |
|
|
’big |
bigger |
biggest |
|
|
Adjectives |
funny |
funnier |
funniest |
|
end |
early |
earlier |
earliest |
|
heavy |
heavier |
heaviest |
|
|
Adjectives |
careful |
more |
most |
|
two |
boring |
more |
most |
|
more |
expensive |
more |
most |
|
interesting |
more |
most |
|
|
Irregular |
far |
further |
furthest |
|
adjectives |
good |
better |
best |
|
bad |
worse |
worst |
-
Present
Perfect Form
have/has
+ -ed
(past participle)
The
past participle of regular verbs ends in -ed.
There arc many common irregular verbs. See the list on pl43.
Positive
and negative
|
I Weflfou/They |
’vc |
|
He/She/It |
‘s |
worked
in a factory.
Question
|
Have |
I we/you/they |
|
Has |
he/she/it |
been
to the United States?
Note
In
many languages, this use is expressed by a present tense. But in
English, we say:
Peter
has been a teacher for ten years.
NOT
Peter
i‘i «
tumiher
ft1
ten
yettttr.
A
The Present Perfect expresses a past action with results in the
present. It is often a recent past action.
I’ve
lost my wallet. (I haven’t got it now.)
The
taxi’s arrived. (It’s outside the door now.)
Has
the postman been? (Are there any letters for me?)
The
adverbs just,
already,
and yet
are common with this use. Yet
is used in questions and negatives.
She’s
just had some good news.
I’ve
already had breakfast.
Has
the postman been yet?
It’s
11.00 and she hasn’t got up yet.
-
Present
Perfect and Past Simple
1
Compare the Past Simple and Present Perfect.
Yes,
1 have./No, I haven’t. Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t.
Short
answer
Have
you been to Egypt? Has she ever written poetry?
Note
We
cannot use I’ve,
they’ve, he’s,
etc. in short answers. Yes, I have. NOT Vest
I’ve.
Yes,
we have. NOT
Use
1
The
Present Perfect looks back from the present into the past, and
expresses what has happened before now. The action happened al an
indefinite time in the past.
I’ve
met a lot of famous people, (before now)
She
has won awards, (in her life)
She’s
written twenty books, (up to now)
The
action can continue to the present, and probably into the future.
She’s
lived here for twenty years, (she still lives here)
The
Present Perfect expresses an experience as part: of someone’s
life.
I’ve
travelled a lot in Africa.
They’ve
lived all over the world.
Ever
and never
are common with this use.
Have
you ever been in a car crash?
My
mother has never flown in a plane.
The
Present Perfect expresses an action or state which began in the past
and continues to the present.
I’ve
known Alice for six years.
-
low
long have you worked as a teacher?
Note
that the time expressions for
and since
are common with this use. We use for
with a period of time, and since
with a point in time.
We’ve
lived here for two years, (a period of time)
I’ve
had a beard since I left the army, (a point in time)
Past
Simple
-
The
Past Simple refers to an action that happened at, definite time in
the past.
He
died in 1882.
She
got married when she was 22.
The
action is finished.
I
lived in Paris for a year (but not now).
-
Time
expressions +• the Past Simple in 199?. last week.
-
did
it two months ago. on March 22. for two years.
Present
Perfect
-
The
Present Perfect refers to an action that happened at an indefinite
time in the past.
She
has won awa rds.
She’s
written twenty books.
The
action can continue to the present.
She’s
lived there for twenty years (and she still does.)
-
Time
expressions + the Present Perfect >
for
twenty years.
I’ve
worked here since 1995.
since
I left school.
We’ve
never been to America.
Compare
these sentences-.
I’ve
broken my leg last year. I broke my leg last year.
He
works as a musician all his life.
He
has worked as a musician all his life.
When
have you been to Greece? When did you go to Greece?
work
hard?
8.1
have
to Form
has/have
+ to +
infinitive Positive and negative
|
I We |
have |
||
|
You |
don’t |
||
|
They |
to |
work |
|
|
He She It |
has
doesn’t |
Question
|
Do |
I we you they |
|
Docs |
he she it |
have
to
Short
answer
-
There
is no do/does
in the question.
Can
she sing?
Should
I
go
home now?
-
The
form is the same for all persons. There is no -s
in the third person singular:
He
can dancc very well.
She
should try harder.
It
will rain soon.
-
To
form the negative, add n’t.
There is no don’t/doesn’t.
-
wouldn’t
like to be a teacher.
You
mustn’t steal.
Note
will
not — won’t.
It
won’t rain tomorrow.
-
Most
modal verbs refer to the present and future.
Only
can
has a past tense form, eoidd.
-
could
swim when I was three.
-
should
Form
should
+ infinitive without to
The
forms of should
are the same for all persons.
Positive
and negative
Do
you have lo wear a uniform? Does he have to go now?
Yes,
you should. No, you shouldn’t.
Yes,
I do.
No,
he doesn’t.
Note
-
The
past tense of have
to
is had
to,
with did
and didn’t
in the question and the negative.
I
had to gel up early this morning.
Why
did you have to work last weekend?
They
liked the hotel because they didn’t have to do any cooking.
-
The
forms of have
got to
+ infinitive arc the same as have
got + noun.
See pl31.
Use
-
Have
to
expresses strong obligation. The obligation comes from ‘outside’
— perhaps a law, a rule at school or work, or someone in authority.
You
have to have a driving licence if you want to drive a car.
(That’s
the law.)
I
have to start work at 8.00. (My company says 1 must.)
The
doctor says I have to do more exercise.
-
Don’t/doesn’t
have to
expresses absence of obligation (it isn’t necessary).
You
don’t have to do the washing-up. I’ve got a dishwasher.
She
doesn’t have to work on Monday. It’s her day off.
-
Introduction
to modal auxiliary verbs
Form
These
are modal auxiliary verbs.
can
could might must shall should will would
They
are looked at in different units of I Icadway.
They
have certain things in common:
1
They ‘help’ another verb. The verb form is the infinitive without
to.
She
can drive.
I
must get my hair cut.
|
I He |
should |
|
We |
shouldn’t |
|
They |
Question
|
Should |
I she they |
see |
|
Do |
I he we |
should |
Short
answer
Should
I phone home?
Should
I buy a Mercedes Benz?
Use
Should
is used to express what the speaker thinks is right or the best
thing to do. It expresses mild obligation, or advice.
I
should do more work. (This is my opinion.)
You
should do more work. (I’m telling you what I think.)
Do
you think wc should stop here? (I’m asking you for your opinion.)
Shouldn’t
expresses negative advice.
You
shouldn’t sit so close to the TV. It’s bad for your eyes.
Note
Should
expresses the opinion of the speaker, and it is often introduced by
I
think
or I
don’t think.
I
think
politicians should listen more.
-
don’t
think people should get married until they’re 21.
m
9.2
will
Form
8.4
must
Form
ust
+ infinitive without to
The
forms of must
are the same for all persons.
Positive
and negative
|
I He |
must |
|
Wc |
mustn’t |
|
They |
Questions
with musi
ire possible, but the use of have
to
is more common.
Question Short
answer
Must
I take exams? Yes, you must.
Do
I have to take exams? Yes, you do.
Use
-
Must
expresses strong obligation. Generally, this obligation comes from
‘inside’ the speaker.
-
must
get my hair cut. (I think this is necessary.)
-
Because
must
expresses the authority of the speaker, you should be careful of
using You
must…
.It sounds very bossy!
You
must help me. (1 am giving you an order.)
Could
you help me?
is much better.
-
You
must…
can express a strong suggestion.
You
must see the Monet exhibition. It’s wonderful.
You
must give me a ring when you’re next in town.
For
the forms of will,
see p 134.
Use
-
Will
expresses a decision or intention made at the moment of speaking.
Give
me your case. I’ll carry it for you.
-
It
also expresses a future fact. The speaker thinks ‘This action is
sure to happen in the future’.
Manchester
will win the cup.
Tomorrow’s
weather will be warm and sunny.
This
use is like a neutral future tense. The speaker is predicting the
future, without expressing an intention, plan, or personal judgement.
-
First
conditional
Form
if
+ Present Simple, will
+ infinitive without to
Positive
and negative
|
If |
I she |
’11 |
pass |
|
we |
won’t |
be |
|
|
you’re |
wait |
Question
|
What |
will |
you |
if |
you |
|
Where |
she |
she |
Short
answer
|
Will |
Yes, |
|
No, |
|
|
If |
Yes, |
|
No, |
Unit
9
-
Time
clauses
-
Look
at this sentence.
I’U
give her a ring when I get home.
It
consists of two clauscs: a main clause I’ll
give her a ring
and a secondary clause when
I get home.
-
These
conjunctions of time introduce secondary clauses.
when
while as soon as after before until
They
arc not usually followed by a future form. They refer to future
time, but we use a present tense.
When
I get home, 1*11…
While
we’re away,…
As
soon as I hear from you,…
Wait
here until I get back.
Note
The
condition clause if…
can come at the beginning of the sentence or at the end. If it comes
at the begining, wc put a comma at the end of the clause. If it
comes at the end, we do not use a comma.
If
I work hard, 1*11 pass my exams.
I’ll
pass my exams if I work hard.
Use
1
The first conditional is used to express a possible condition and a
probable result in the future.
If
my cheque comes. I’ll buy us all a meal.
You’ll
get wet if you don’t take an umbrella.
What’ll
happen to the environment if we don’t look after it?
Note
-
English
uses a present tense in the condition clause, not a future form.
If
it rains… NOT If it will
row
…
If
I work hard … NOT If I’ll
work
hard …
-
//expresses
a possibility that something will happen; when
expresses what the speaker sees as certain to happen.
If
I find your book, I *11 send it to you.
When
I get home. I’ll have a bath.
-
Verb
patterns 2
Verb
patterns were first covered in Unit 5. There is a list of verb
patterns on pi43.
-
Verb
+ to
+ infinitive
They
managed to escape.
-
try
to visit somewhere new.
We
decidcd to go abroad.
-
go
+ -ing
for sports and activities
Let’s
go skiing.
We
went dancing.
-
Verb
+ sb + infinitive without to
My
teachers made me work hard.
My
parents let me go out when I want.
-
used
to Form
used
+ to +
infinitive
Used
to
is the same in all persons.
Positive
and negative
|
I She |
used |
smoke. |
|
We |
didn’t |
like |
|
They |
Question
What
did you use to do?
-
used
to and
the Past Simple
-
The
Past Simple can also be used to express a past habit or state.
He
played football every Sunday when he was a boy.
They
were happy together when they were first married.
-
Only
the Past Simple can be used for actions which happened once in the
past.
We
used to go to France every summer, but once, in 1987, we went to
Greece.
Last
night I drank champagne.
Note
Used
to
has no equivalent in the present. The Present Simple is used for
present habits and states.
She
lives in New York.
She
sometimes comes to London on business.
-
Infinitives
-
Infinitives
arc used to express purpose. They answer the question Why…
?This use is very common in English.
I’m
learning English to get a good job.
She’s
saving her money to buy a car.
I’m
going to Scotland to visit my parents.
Note
Some
languages express this idea of purpose with a translation of for
+ infinitive. English docs not use for.
I
came here to learn English.
NOT
I came here for
to
learn English.
I
came here for learn English.
-
Infinitives
arc used after certain adjectives.
Short
answer
Did
you use to smoke a lot? Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.
Note
The
question form is not often used. We ask a question in the Fast
Simple, and reply using used
to.
Where
did you go on holiday when you were young?
We
used to go camping in France.
Never
is often used.
-
never
used to watch TV.
Be
careful not to confuse to use
(e.g. / use
a
knife to cut an apple.) and
used
to.
The
pronunciation is also different, to use /ju:z/ used to /ju:stu:/ or
/ju:sta/
Use
Used
to
is used:
-
to
express a past habit.
He
used to play football every Saturday, but now he doesn’t.
-
to
express a past state.
They
used to be happy together, but now they fight all the time.
|
I’m |
pleased surprised |
to |
|
It’s |
hard important impossible |
to |
Infinitives
are used after the question words who,
what, where, how, etc.
Can
you tell me how to get to the station?
-
don’t
know who to speak to.
Show
me what to do.
Infinitives
are used after the compounds something,
nothing, nowhere, anybody,
etc.
Have
something to eat!
I’ve
got nothing to do.
There’s
nowhere to hide.
Is
there anyone to talk to?
Ш
The passive Form
a
•cd
(past participle)
m/is/are was/wen has/have been will
The
past participle of regular verbs ends in etL
There arc many common irregular verbs. See the list on p!43.
Present
Positive
and negative
English
is spoken all over the world.
Renault
cars arc made in France.
My
children aren’t helped with their homework.
Coffee
isn’t grown in England.
Question
Wh?rc
is ricc grown?
Arc
cars made in your country?
Past
Positive
and negative
My
car was stolen last night.
The
animals were frightened by a loud noise.
He
wasn’t injured in the accident.
The
thieves weren’t seen by anyone.
Question
How
was the window broken-’
Were
the plants watered last night?
Present
Perfect
Positive
and negative I’ve been robbed!
Diet
(>>ke has been made since 1982 They- haven’t been invited to
the party.
Question
How
many times have you been hurt playing football?
Has
my car been repaired?
win
Positive
and negative
10,000
cars will be produced next year.
The
cars won’t be sold in the UK.
Question
Will
the
children be sent to a new school?
Note
-
The
rules for tense usage in the passive arc the Same as in the active.
Present Simple to express habit:
My
car is serviced regularly.
Past
Simple to express a finished action in the past;
America
was discovered by Christopher Columbus,
Present
Perfect to express an action which began in the past and continues to
the present:
Diet
Coke has been
made since
1982.
-
The
passive infinitive (to
be
+ -d)
is used after modal auxiliary verbs and other verbs which arc
followed by an infinitive.
Driving
should be
banned in
city centres.
The
house is going to be knocked down.
Use
-
1Ъе
object of an active verb becomes the subject of a passive verb.
Notice the use of by
in the passive sentence.
jObject
Activc
Shakespeare
wrote //iwAtj.
Passive
IIamlci]
was written by Shakespeare,
Subject
-
The
passive is not another way of expressing the same sentence in the
activc. We choose the active or the passive depending on what wc arc
more interested in.
Hamlet
и-as
written in 1600- (We are more interested in Hamlet.)
Shakespeare
wrote comedies, histories, and tragedies. (Wc are more interested in
Shakespeare.)
Note
Some
verbs, for example, ghv,
fend,
sfcw, have two objects, a person and a thing.
She
gave me a book for my birthday.
In
the passive, we often make the person the subject, not the thing- 1
was given a book for my birthday.
She
was sent the information by post.
You’!!
be shown where to sit.
Short
answer
Yes,
the)’ are,/No, they aren’t Yes, they wcrc./No, they weren’t. Yes,
it hasJNo. it hasn’t.
Yes,
they will./No, they wont.
Are
cars made in your country?
Were
the plants watered last night?
Has
my car been repaired?
Will
these cars be produced next year?
-
Second
conditional Form
if
+ Past Simple, would
+ infinitive* without to
Would
is a modal auxiliary verb. There is an introduction to modal
auxiliary verbs on pi37.
The
forms of would
are the same for all persons.
-
might
Form
might
+ infinitive without to
Might
is a modal auxiliary verb. For an introduction to modal auxiliary
verbs, see pl37. The forms of might
arc the same for all persons.
Positive
and negative
|
I |
buy |
||
|
If |
she |
’d |
tell |
|
we |
soon |
||
|
I |
wouldn’t |
have |
Positive
and negative
|
I |
go |
|
|
He |
might |
be |
|
It |
might |
ram |
|
Wc |
go |
|
What |
would |
you |
if |
you |
|
Which |
you |
you |
Question
|
Short |
Do |
you’ll they’ll |
|
Would If |
Yes, Yes, |
Question
The
inverted question Might
you … ?
is unusual. It is very common to ask a question with Do
you think …
+- will…
?
Short
answer
Note
-
The
condition clause can come at the beginning or the end of the
sentence. If it comes at the beginning, we put a comma at the end
of the clause. If it comes at the end, we do not use a comma.
If
I had more time, I’d help.
I’d
help if I had more time.
-
Were
is often used instead of was
in the condition clause.
If
1 were you, I’d go to bed.
If
he were cleverer, he’d know he was making a mistake.
Use
The
second conditional is used to express and unreal or improbable
condition and its probable result in the present or future.
The
condition is unreal because it is different from the facts that wc*
know. Wc can always say ‘But
If
I were Prime Minister, I’d increase tax for rich people. (But I’m
not Prime Minister.)
If
I lived in a big house. I’d have a party. (But I live in a small
house.)
What
would you do if you saw a ghost? (But I don’t expect that you will
see a ghost.)
Note
-
The
use of the past tense (If I had) and would
docs not refer to past time. Both the first and second conditional
refer to the present and the future.
The
past verb forms are used to show‘This is different from reality’.
If
I win the tennis match, I’ll be happy. (I think I have a good
chance.)
If
I won a thousand pounds, I’d … (But I don’t think I will.)
-
We
do not use would
in the condition clause.
If
the weather was nice … NOT If the weather would
be
nice …
If
I had more money … NOT If I would
have
more money …
Do
you think he’ll come? He might. Do you think it’ll rain? It might.
Use
-
Might
is used to express a future possibility. It contrasts with will,
which, in the speaker’s opinion, expresses a future certainty.
England
will win the match.
(I
am sure they will.)
England
might win the match.
(It’s
possible, but I don’t know.)
-
Notice
that, in the negative, these sentences express the same idea of
possibility.
It
might not rain this afternoon.
-
Don’t think it’ll rain this afternoon.
been
working.
Have
you been running? Has he been shopping?
Direct
speech Present
‘I
love you.’
Tm
going out now.’
Present
Perfect
‘We’ve
met before.’
Past
Simple
‘We
met in 1987.’
will
Til
mend it for you.’ can
‘I
can swim.’
-
Present
Perfect Continuous Form
has/have
+ been
+ -ing
(present participle) Positive and negative
|
1 We You They |
’ve |
|
He She It |
s |
Question
|
have |
I we |
||
|
you |
|||
|
How |
they |
been |
|
|
he |
|||
|
has |
she |
||
|
it |
Short
answer
Yes,
I have./No, I haven’t. Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t.
Use
The
Present Perfect Continuous is used:
-
to
express an activity which began in the past and continues to the
present.
We’ve
been waiting here for hours!
It’s
been raining for days.
-
to
refer to an activity with a result in the present.
I’m
hot because I’ve been running.
I
haven’t got any money because I’ve been shopping.
Note
-
Sometimes
there is little or no difference in meaning between the Present
Perfect Simple and Continuous.
How
long have you worked here?
How
long have you been working here?
-
Think
of the verbs that have the idea of a long time, for example, wail,
work, learn, travel, play.
These
verbs can be found in the Present Perfect Continuous.
I’ve
been playing tennis since I was a boy.
Think
of the verbs that don’t have the idea of a long time, for example,
find,
start, buy,
die,
lose,
break, stop.
It is unusual to find these verbs in the Present Perfect Continuous.
I’ve
bought a new dress.
My
cat has died.
My
radio’s broken.
-
Verbs
that express a state, for example, like,
love, know,
have
for possession, are not found in die Present Perfect Continuous.
We’ve
known each other for a few weeks.
NOT
We’ve been
knowing
each other for a few weeks.
How
long have you had your car?
NOT
How long have you bwn
having
your car?
-
The
Present Perfect Simple looks at the completed action. This is why,
if the sentence gives a number or a quantity, the Present Perfect
Simple is used. The Continuous is not possible.
I’ve
written three letters today.
NOT
I’ve been
writing
three letters today.
-
Past
Perfect Form
had
+ -ed
(past participle)
The
past participle of regular verbs ends in -ed.
There arc many common irregular verbs. See the list on pi43.
Positive
and negative
He/She/It
We/You/They
arrived
before 10.00.
Question
|
Had |
I he/she/it |
left? |
|
we/you/they |
Short
answer
Yes,
he had.
No,
they hadn’t.
Use
The
Past Perfect is used to express an action in the past which happened
before another action in the past.
Action
2 Action 1
Г 1 “ I
When
I got home, John had cooked a meal.
Note
Notice
the use of the Past Perfect and the Past Simple in the following
sentences.
When
I got home, John cooked a meal. (First I got home, then John cooked.)
When
1 got home, John had cooked a meal. (John cooked a meal before I got
home.)
-
Reported
statements Form
The
usual rule is that the verb form moves ‘one tensf back’.
Reported
speech Past
He
said he loved me.
Ann
said she was going out.
Past
Perfect
She
said they’d met before.
Past
Perfect
l
ie said they’d met in 1987. would
She
said that she would mend it for me. could
She
said she could swim.
Note
Notice
the use of say!tell.
Say
+ (that)
She
said (that) they were happy together. Tell
+ person
(that)
He
told me (that) he loved Mary.
|
IRREGULAR
Base |
Past |
Past |
|
be |
was/were |
been |
|
become |
became |
become |
|
begin |
began |
begun |
|
break |
broke |
broken |
|
bring |
brought |
brought |
|
build |
built |
built |
|
buy |
bought |
bought |
|
can |
could |
been |
|
catch |
caught |
caught |
|
choose |
chose |
chosen |
|
come |
came |
come |
|
cost |
cost |
cost |
|
cut |
cut |
cut |
|
do |
did |
done |
|
drink |
drank |
drunk |
|
drive |
drove |
driven |
|
eat |
ate |
eaten |
|
fall |
fell |
fallen |
|
feel |
felt |
felt |
|
fight |
fought |
fought |
|
find |
found |
found |
|
fly |
flew |
flown |
|
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
|
get |
got |
got |
|
give |
gave |
given |
|
go |
went |
gone/been |
|
grow |
grew |
grown |
|
have |
had |
had |
|
hear |
heard |
heard |
|
hit |
hit |
hit |
|
keep |
kept |
kept |
|
know |
knew |
known |
|
learn |
learnt/learned |
learnt/learned |
|
leave |
left |
left |
|
lose |
lost |
lost |
|
make |
made |
made |
|
meet |
met |
met |
|
pay |
paid |
paid |
|
put |
put |
put |
|
read |
read |
read |
|
ride |
rode |
ridden |
|
run |
ran |
run |
|
say |
said |
said |
|
see |
saw |
seen |
|
sell |
sold |
sold |
|
send |
sent |
sent |
|
shut |
shut |
shut |
|
sing |
sang |
sung |
|
sit |
sat |
sat |
|
sleep |
slept |
slept |
|
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
|
spend |
spent |
spent |
|
stand |
stood |
stood |
|
steal |
stole |
stolen |
|
swim |
swam |
swum |
|
take |
took |
taken |
|
tell |
told |
told |
|
think |
thought |
thought |
|
understand |
understood |
understood |
|
wake |
woke |
woken |
|
wear |
wore |
worn |
|
win |
won |
won |
|
write |
wrote |
written |
VERB
PATTERNS
|
Verb |
|
|
like |
|
|
love |
swimming |
|
enjoy |
|
|
hate |
cooking |
|
finish |
|
|
stop |
Note
We
often use the verb go
+ -ing
for
sports and activities. I go swimming everyday.
I
go shopping at the weekend.
|
Verb |
|
|
choose |
|
|
decide |
|
|
forget |
|
|
promise |
to |
|
manage |
|
|
need |
|
|
help |
|
|
hope |
|
|
try |
to |
|
want |
|
|
would |
|
|
would |
V
begin
start
erb +
-ing
or to
+
infinitive
raining/to
rain
|
Verb |
||
|
let make |
somebody |
go do |
|
Modal |
|
|
can |
|
|
could |
go |
|
shall |
|
|
will |
arrive |
|
would |
Appendix
1
Appendix
2
Appendices
Phonetic
symbols
|
Consonants |
|||
|
1 |
¥ |
as |
pen |
|
2 |
/Ы |
as |
big |
|
3 |
/1/ |
as |
tea |
|
4 |
/d/ |
as |
do |
|
5 |
/к/ |
as |
cat |
|
6 |
/д/ |
as |
go |
|
7 |
/г/ |
as |
four |
|
8 |
/V/ |
as |
very |
|
9 |
IsJ |
as |
son |
|
10 |
/z/ |
as |
zoo |
|
11 |
/1/ |
as |
live |
|
12 |
/т/ |
as |
my |
|
13 |
In/ |
as |
near |
|
14 |
Ihl |
as |
happy |
|
15 |
/г/ |
as |
red |
|
16 |
/j/ |
as |
yes |
|
17 |
/w/ |
as |
want |
|
18 |
/0/ |
as |
thanks |
|
19 |
/б/ |
as |
the |
|
20 |
/J/ |
as |
she |
|
21 |
# |
as |
television |
|
22 |
/Ц/ |
as |
child |
|
23 |
/dy |
as |
German |
|
24 |
w |
as |
English |
|
Vowels |
|||
|
25 |
/vJ |
as |
see |
|
26 |
hi |
as |
his |
|
27 |
/]/ |
as |
twenty |
|
28 |
Id |
as |
ten |
|
29 |
/ж/ |
as |
stamp |
|
30 |
/а:/ |
as |
father |
|
31 |
/Ы |
as |
hot |
|
32 |
/у./ |
as |
morning |
|
33 |
/о/ |
as |
football |
|
34 |
/и:/ |
as |
you |
|
35 |
/л/ |
as |
sun |
|
36 |
/з:/ |
as |
learn |
|
37 |
/э/ |
as |
letter |
|
Diphthongs |
|||
|
38 |
/ei/ |
as |
name/neim/ |
|
39 |
/эо/ |
as |
new |
|
40 |
/ai/ |
as |
my |
|
41 |
/ao |
as |
how |
|
42 |
/01/ |
as |
boy |
|
43 |
/13/ |
as |
hear |
|
44 |
/еэ/ |
as |
where |
|
45 |
tool |
as |
tour |
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4 Complete
the sentences with one of the verb phrases. Use the correct form of
the verb.
-
I while
I was in town. I bought myself a
new
jumper.
-
‘1
don’t know if I love Tom or I Ienry.’ 4 .
You
can’t
marry both of them.’
-
Bye-bye!
See you soon. of yourself. -
Aachoo!
Oh dear. I think .
5 ‘Are
the doors locked?’ ‘I think so, but I’ll just .
ИЛ1
Listen and check.
-
Discuss
these questions with a partner.
-
How
long does it take to get from your school to the station? From your
home to work? -
When
did you last do someone a favour/make a complaint/take a photo/get
angry? -
What
time did you get home last night? -
Do
you get on with your parents/your neighbours? -
Do
you find it easy to make friends? -
Is
your English getting better?
1
Short adjectives with one vowel + one consonant double the
consonant: hot/hotter/hottest,
fat/fatter/fattest.
-
Than
is often used after a comparative adjective.
I’m
younger than Barbara.
Barbara’s
more intelligent than Sarah.
Much
can come before the comparative to give emphasis.
She’s
much nicer than her sister.
Is
Tokyo much more modern than London?
-
77/e
is used before superlative adjectives.
He’s
the funniest boy in the class.
Which
is die tallest building in the world?
How
long do you have your car?
-
low
long have you had your car?