Complete the conversations using a word ending in ing or ed

INTERESTING

The
book is full of information. It’s very

Interesting.

The
word interesting
tells
us what the book does to
Mike — it interests him. A book can be interesting,
boring, exciting or
amusing,
for
example.

B
Adjective pairs

Here
are some more examples.

INTERESTED

Mike
is very interested
in
UFOs.

The
word interested
tells
us how Mike feels. A person
can feel interested,
bored, excited or
amused,
for
example.

ING

ED

Tom
told us an amusing
story.
The
two-hour delay was annoying.
I
didn’t enjoy the party. It was boring.
This
computer has some very confusing

instructions.

This
wet weather is so depressing.
It
was very disappointing
not
to get the job. The
game was really exciting.
Going
for a jog with Matthew is exhausting.
I
thought the programme on wildlife was

fascinating.
For
one frightening/terrifying
moment
1

thought
I was going to fall. I
just don’t understand. I find the whole thing

rather
puzzling.
Lying
in a hot bath is relaxing.
I
think the way Jessica behaved was quite

shocking.

The
test results were surprising.
What
thrilling
news
this is! Congratulations! The journey took all day and night. They
found

it
very tiring.

We
were amused
at
Tom’s story.

The
passengers were annoyed
about
the delay.

I
went to the party, but I felt bored.

I
got very confused
trying
to make sense of the

instructions.

This
weather makes me so depressed.
I
was very disappointed
not
to get the job. The
United fans were excited.
I’m
exhausted
after
jogging all that way. I
watched the programme on wildlife. I was

absolutely
fascinated.
When
I got onto the roof I felt

frightened/terrified.
I
must say I’m
puzzled. I
just don’t understand

I
feel relaxed
when
I lie in a hot bath. I
was quite shocked
to
see Jessica behaving

like
that.

I
was surprised
at
the test results. We
were thrilled
to
hear your good news. After
travelling all day and night they were

very
tired.

107
Exercises

1
Interesting and
interested
(A-B)

What
are they saying? Put in these words: depressing,
exciting, exhausted, fascinating, interested

► This
is a depressing
place.

1. I’m
   absolutely ………………………. 3
   Chess is a ……………….. game.

2. I’m
   ……………………
   in
   astronomy. 4
   This is really.……………………….!

2
Interesting and interested
(A-B)

Complete
the conversation. Write the complete word in each space.

Vicky:
That was an (►) exciting
(excit…)
film, wasn’t it?

Rachel:
Oh, do you think so? I’m (1) ……………….. (surpris…)
you liked it.

I
thought it was rather (2) (disappoint…).

Vicky:
Well, I was (3)………………………….. (puzzl…)
once or twice. I didn’t understand the whole story.

It
was (4)…………………………..(confus…)
in places. But the end was good.

Rachel:
I was (5)…………………………… (bor…)
most of the time.

I
didn’t find it very (6) (interest…).

3
Interesting and interested
(A-B)

Complete
the conversations using a word ending in ing
or
ed.

• David:
  I’m surprised how warm it is for March.

  Melanie:
  Yes, all this sunshine is quite surprising.

• Vicky:
  I’m not very fit. I was pretty tired after climbing the
  mountain.

  Natasha:
  Yes, I think everyone felt tired.

1 Trevor:
I think I need to relax.

Laura:
Well, lying by the pool should be

2 Vicky:
It was annoying to lose my ticket.

Emma:
You looked really.…………………….. …
when
you had to buy another one.

3 Sarah:
The cabaret was amusing.

Mark:
Claire was certainly ………………. .She
couldn’t stop laughing.

4 Daniel:
The museum was interesting, wasn’t it?

Rachel:
It was OK. I was quite in
those old maps.

5 Matthew:
I’m fascinated by these old photos.

Emma:
I always find it …………………… to
see what people looked like as children.

6 Rachel:
Was it a big thrill meeting Tom Hanks?

Vicky:
You bet. It was just about the most ………………moment
of my life.

I
Sarah:
You look exhausted. You should go to bed.

Mark:
Driving down from Scotland was pretty

108
Adjective or adverb? (1)

A
Introduction

Vicky:
/ like
that song that Natasha sang.

Rachel:
Yes,
it’s a nice
song.
And she sang it nicely,
too.

An
adjective (nice)
describes
a noun (song). An
adverb (nicely)
describes
a verb (sang).

The
man had a quiet
voice. The
man spoke
quietly.

Claire
wears expensive
clothes. Claire
dresses
expensively.

The
runners made a slow
start. They
started
the
race slowly.

We
do NOT say She
sang it nice.

We
can use adverbs in other ways. An adverb like really
or
very
can
be combined with an adjective (hot)
o
another
adverb (carefully)
(see
Unit 115).

It
was
really
hot in
the sun. Andrew checked his work very
carefully. An
adverb like fortunately
or
perhaps
says
something about the whole situation.

Fortunately
nothing
was stolen. Perhaps
Sarah
is working late.

B
The
ly
ending

We
form many adverbs from an adjective + ly. For example politely,
quickly, safely. But
there are some special spelling rules.

1. We
   do not leave out e,
   e.g.
   nice
   —>
   nicely

   Exceptions
   are true
   —> truly, whole —> wholly.

2. y—>
   ily after
   a consonant, e.g. easy
   —>
   easily,
   lucky —> luckily

   Also
   angrily,
   happily, heavily, etc.

3. le
   —>
   ly,
   e.g.
   possible
   —> possibly

Also
comfortably,
probably, reasonably, sensibly, terribly, etc.

4 ic
—. ically, e.g.
dramatic
—>
dramatically

Also
automatically,
scientifically, etc.
(Exception: publicly)

C
Looked nice and
looked
carefully

Compare
these two structures.

LINKING
VERB + ADJECTIVE ACTION
VERB + ADVERB

Tom
was hungry. Paul
ate
hungrily.

The
children seemed
happy. The
children played
happily.

My
soup has got
cold. The
man stared
coldly at
us.

An
adjective can come after a linking verb such as We
use an adverb when the verb means that

be
(see Unit 104B). something
happens.

Some
verbs like look,
taste and
appear
can
be either linking verbs or action verbs.

LINKING
VERB + ADJECTIVE ACTION
VERB + ADVERB

Mike
looked angry. He
looked carefully at the
signature.

The
medicine tasted
awful. Emma
tasted
the
drink nervously.

The
man appeared
(to
he) drunk. A
waiter appeared
suddenly.

page
380 American English

108
Exercises

1
Adverbs (A-B)

This
is part of a story about a spy called X. Put in adverbs formed from
these adjectives: bright,
careful, fluent, immediate, patient, punctual, quiet, safe, secret,
slow

The
journey took a long time because the train travelled so (►) slowly.
It
was hot, and the sun shone

(1)
………………………… from
a clear sky. X could only wait (2)……………………….. for
the journey to

end.
When the train finally arrived, he had no time to spare, so he
(3)…………………………. took
a taxi

to
the hotel. Y was on time. She arrived (4)……………………….. at
three. No one else knew about the

meeting
— it was important to meet (5) ………………. .
‘I had a terrible journey,’ said Y.

‘But
luckily the pilot managed to land (6) ………….. .’
Her English was good,

and
she spoke very (7) …………………. X
was listening (8)……………………….. to
every word.

They
were speaking very (9)
in
case the room was bugged.

2
The ly ending (B)

Look
at the information in brackets and put in the adverbs. Be careful
with the spelling.

► (Emma’s
toothache was terrible.) Emma’s tooth ached terribly.

1. (Henry
   was angry.) Henry shouted at
   the waiter.

2. (I’m
   happy sitting here.) I can sit here ..for
   hours.

3. (The
   switch is automatic.) The machine switches itself off …………………….

4. (The
   debate should be public.) We need to debate the matter ………………………..

5. (Everyone
   was enthusiastic.) Everyone discussed the idea ………………………………………

6. (We
   should be reasonable.) Can’t we discuss the problem ………………………………
   ?

7. (The
   building has to be secure.) Did you lock all the doors ……………………………..
   ?

3
Adverb or adjective? (A-B)

Decide
what you need to say. End your sentence with an adverb ending in ly.

► Tell
the police that you can’t remember the accident. It isn’t very clear
in your mind.

I
can’t remember the accident very clearly.

1. Tell
   your friend that United won the game. It was an easy win.

2. Tell
   your boss that you’ve checked the figures. You’ve been careful.

3. Tell
   your neighbour that his dog barked at you. It was very fierce.

4. You
   are phoning your friend. Tell him about the rain where you are. It’s
   quite heavy.

4
Adverb or adjective? (A-C)

Vicky
is telling Rachel about a dream she had. Choose the correct forms.

l
had a (►)strange/strangely
dream last night. I was in a garden. It was getting (1) dark/darkly,
and it was

(2)
terrible/terribly
cold. My head was aching (3) bad/badly.
I was walking out of the garden when

(4)
sudden/suddenly
I saw a man. He was sitting (5) quiet/quietly
on a seat. He seemed very

(6)
unhappy/unhappily.
He looked up and smiled (7) sad/sadly
at me. I don’t know why, but I felt

(8)
curious/curiously
about him. I wanted to talk to him, but I couldn’t think what to say.

I
just stood there (9) foolish/foolishly.

109
Adjective or adverb? (2)

A
Friendly, likely, etc

The
ending ly
is
the normal adverb ending (see Unit 108). But a few adjectives also
end in ly.
Melanie
was very friendly.
It was
a lively
party.
We had a lovely
time.

Some
more examples are: elderly,
likely, lonely, silly, ugly

The
words are adjectives, not adverbs (not
She-spoke
to us friendly).
And
we cannot add ly.
There
is no such word as friendlily.
But
we can say in
a friendly way/manner.

She
spoke to us in
a
friendly
way. If
we need to use an adverb, we often choose another word of similar
meaning.

It
was
lovely.
Everything
went beautifully.

B
Hard, fast, etc

Compare
these sentences.

ADJECTIVE ADVERB

We
did some hard
work. We
worked hard.

I
came on the fast
train. The
train went quite fast.

We
can use these words both as adjectives and as adverbs:

deep,
early, fast, hard, high, late, long, low, near, right, straight,
wrong (For
hardly,
nearly, etc,
see C.

In
informal English, the adjectives cheap,
loud, quick and
slow
can
be adverbs.

ADJECTIVE ADVERB

They
sell cheap
clothes
in the market. They
sell things cheap/cheaply there.

Back
already! That was quick. Come
as quick/quickly as you can.

C
Hard, hardly, near, nearly, etc

There
are some pairs of adverbs like hard
and
hardly
which
have different meanings.

Here
are some examples.

/
tried
hard,
but
I didn’t succeed.

I’ve
got hardly
any
money left, {hardly any =
very little, almost none)

Luckily
I found a phone box quite near.
I nearly fell
asleep in the meeting, {nearly =
almost)

Rachel
arrived late,
as
usual. I’ve been very busy lately,
{lately
=
in the last few days/weeks)

The
plane flew high
above
the clouds. The material is highly
radioactive,
{highly = very)

We
got into the concert free,
{free
= without
paying)

The
animals are allowed to wander freely,
{freely
=
uncontrolled)

D
Good and well

Good
is
an adjective, and well
is
its adverb. The opposites are bad
and
badly.

ADJECTIVE ADVERB

Natasha
is a good
violinist. She
plays the violin very well.

Our
test results were good. We
all
did well
in
the test.

I
had a bad
night. I
slept badly
last
night.

Well
can
also be an adjective meaning ‘in good health’, the opposite of ill.

My
mother was very ill,
but
she’s quite well
again
now. How are you? ~
Very
well,
thank
you.

109
Exercises

Friendly,
hard, hardly, etc
(A-C)

Decide
if each underlined
word is an adjective or an adverb.

• That
  new building is rather ugly. adjective

• I’d
  like to arrive early
  if I can. adverb

1. 1
   haven’t seen you for a long
   time.

2. Why
   are you wearing that silly
   hat?

3. Very
   young children travel free.

4. The
   temperature is quite high today.

5. We
   nearly
   missed the bus this morning

6. Do
   you have to play that music so loud?

2 Friendly,
hard, hardly, etc
(A-C)

Complete
the conversation. Decide if you need ly
with
the words in brackets.

Mark:
How did you get on with Henry today?

Sarah:
Oh, we had a nice lunch and some (►) lively
(live)conversation.
Henry was charming, as usual.

He
gave me a lift back to the office, but it was (1)………………. (hard)
worth risking our lives to

save
a few minutes. He (2) (near)
killed us.

Mark:
What do you mean?

Sarah:
Well, we’d sat a bit too (3)…………………
(long)
over our meal, and we were

(4)……………………..(late)
getting back to work. Henry drove very (5)………… (fast).
I tried

(6)
…………………..
(hard) to keep calm, but I was quite scared. We went (7)…………… (wrong)

and
missed a left turn, and Henry got annoyed. Then a van came round the
corner, and it was

coming
(8)……….
(straight) at us. I don’t know how we missed it.

Mark:
Well, I’m glad you did. And next time you’d better take a taxi.

3 Good
and
well
(D)

Complete
the conversation. Put in good,
well (x2),
bad,
badly and
ill.

Rachel:
How did you and Daniel get on in your tennis match?

Matthew:
We lost. I’m afraid we didn’t play very (►) well.
Daniel
made some (1)……………. mistakes.

It
wasn’t a very (2)…………… day
for us. We played really (3)………………………

Andrew:
I heard Daniel’s in bed at the moment because he isn’t very
(4)………………

Matthew:
Yes, I’m afraid he’s been (5)…………….
for
several days, but he’s better now.

4
Friendly, hard,
hardly, etc
(A-D)

Complete
the conversation. Choose the correct form.

Daniel:
Is it true you saw a ghost last night?

Vicky:
Yes, I did. I went to bed (►) late/lately,
and I was sleeping (1)
bad/badly.
I suddenly woke up in

the
middle of the night. I went to the window and saw the ghost walking
across the lawn. Daniel:
Was it a man or a woman? Vicky:
A woman in a white dress. I had a (2) good/well
view from the window, but she walked very (3)
fast/fastly.
She wasn’t there very (4) long/longly.
I’d (5) hard/hardly
caught sight of her before she’d gone. I (6) near/nearly
missed her. Daniel:
You don’t think you’ve been working too (7) hard/hardly?
You’ve been looking a bit pale (8)
late/lately.

Vicky:
I saw her, I tell you. Daniel:
It isn’t very (9) like/likely
that ghosts actually exist, you know. I expect you were imagining it.

Test
18 Adjectives and adverbs (Units 104-109)

Test
18A

Choose
the correct word or phrase.

► We
walked stew/slowly
back to the hotel.

1. We
   could walk free/freely
   around the aircraft during the flight.

2. The
   young/The young man
   with dark hair is my sister’s boyfriend.

3. I’m
   getting quite hungry/hungrily.

4. The
   man looked thoughtful/thoughtfully
   around the room.

5. Have
   I filled this form in right/rightly?

6. I
   think Egypt is a fascinated/fascinating
   country.

7. The
   two sisters do alike/similar
   jobs.

8. I’m
   pleased the plan worked so good/goodly/well.

9. She
   invented a new kind of wheelchair for the
   disabled/the disabled people.

10. I’m
    very confused/confusing
    about what to do.

11. They
    performed the experiment scientifically/scientificly.

12. The
    hostages must be very afraid/frightened
    people.

Test
18 B

Put
the words in the right order to form a statement.

► a
/ bought / coat/ I I
new
/ red

/
bought
a new red coat.

1. a
   / is / nice / place / this

2. biscuit
   / can’t / find /1 / large / the / tin

3. a
   / behaved / in / silly / Tessa / way

4. coffee
   / cold / getting / is / your

5. a
   / house / in / live / lovely / old / stone / they

6. for
   / hospital / ill / is / mentally / the / this

Test
18C

Write
the words in brackets and add ly,
ing or ed
only if
you need to.

Janet:
Is this the (►) new
(new…)
car you’ve just bought?

Nigel:
That’s right. Well, it’s second-hand of course.

Janet:
It’s (►) exciting
(excit…)
buying a car, isn’t it?

Nigel:
Well, it was a bit of a problem actually because I didn’t have
much money to spend. But I managed

to
find one that wasn’t very (1) (expensive…).

Janet:
It looks very (2)
(nice…), I must say.

Nigel:
It’s ten years old, so I was (3)……………………. (surpris…)
what good condition it’s in. The man

I
bought it from is over eighty, and he always drove it very
(4)……………………… (careful…),he

said.
He never took it out if it was raining, which I find
(5)……………………. (amus…).

Janet:
I think (6)……………………. (elder…)
people look after their cars better than young people

Nigel:
He was a (7)…………………….. (friend…)
old chap. He even gave me all these maps

(8) (free…).

Test
18 D

Write
a second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use
the word in brackets.

► Jonathan
was stupid, (behaved)

Jonathan
behaved stupidly.

1. The
   drink had a strange taste, (tasted)

2. Obviously,
   sick people need to be looked after, (the)

3. The
   dog slept, (asleep)

4. The
   young woman was polite, (spoke)

5. The
   train was late, (arrived)

6. The
   film’s ending is dramatic, (ends)

7. Polly
   gave an angry shout, (shouted)

8. Billiards
   is a game for indoors, (indoor)

9. The
   clown amused people, (amusing)

10. There
    was almost no time left, (any)

Test
18 E

Some
of these sentences are correct, but most have a mistake. If the
sentence is correct, put a tick (/»). If it is incorrect, cross
the sentence out and write it correctly.

• Your
  friend looked rather ill. V

• It
  was-a-steel long-pipe. It
  was a long steel pipe.

1. I
   tasted the soup careful.

2. It’s
   a beautiful old English church.

3. Are
   they asleep children?

4. It’s
   a school for the deaf people.

5. It’s
   a leather new nice jacket.

6. The
   riches are very lucky.

7. You
   handled the situation well.

8. He
   used a green paper thick towel.

9. Our
   future lies with the young.

10. The
    course I started was bored.

11. I
    often talk to the two old next door.

12. The
    smoke rose highly into the air.

13. It
    feels warm in here.

14. We
    felt disappointing when we lost

15. Everyone
    seemed very nervously.

16. Tessa
    drives too fastly.

17. This
    scenery is really depressing.

110
Comparative and superlative forms

We
form the comparative and superlative of short adjectives (e.g. cheap)
and
long adjectives (e.g.
expensive)
in
different ways.

COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Short
word, e.g. cheap: cheaper (the)
cheapest

Long
word, e.g. expensive:
more expensive (the) most expensive

For
less
and
least,
see
Unit 112A.

There
are some less
expensive ones
here, look.

B
Short and long adjectives

One-syllable
adjectives (e.g. small,
nice) usually
have the er,
est ending.

Your
hi-fi is smaller.
Emma
needs a bigger
computer.

This
is the nicest
colour.
This room is the warmest.
But
we use more,
most before
words ending in ed.

Everyone
was pleased at the results, but Vicky was the most
pleased.

We
also use more,
most with
three-syllable adjectives (e.g. ex-cit-ing)
and
with longer ones. The
film was more
exciting than
the book. This dress is more
elegant. We
did the most
interesting project.
This machine is the most
reliable.

Some
two-syllable adjectives have er,
est, and
some have more,
most. Look
at this information.

TWO-SYLLABLE
ADJECTIVES

1. Words
   ending in a consonant + y
   have
   er,
   est, e.g.
   happy
   * happier, happiest.

   Examples
   are: busy,
   dirty, easy, funny, happy, heavy, lovely, lucky, pretty, silly, tidy

2. Some
   words have er,
   est or
   more,
   most, e.g.
   narrow
   ►
   narrower,
   narrowest or
   more
   narrow,
   most namt

   Examples
   are: clever,
   common, cruel, gentle, narrow, pleasant, polite, quiet, simple,
   stupid, tired

3. The
   following words have more,
   most, e.g.
   useful
   * more
   useful,
   most
   useful.

   a
   Words ending in ful or less,
   e.g.
   careful,
   helpful, useful; hopeless

b
Words ending in ing
or
ed,
e.g.
boring,
willing; annoyed, surprised

c
Many others, e.g. afraid,
certain, correct, eager, exact, famous, foolish, frequent, modern,
nervous, normal,
recent

C
Spelling

There
are some special spelling rules for the er
and
est
endings.

1. e
   ->
   er,
   est, e.g.
   nice
   ~> nicer, nicest, large ~> larger, largest.

   Also
   brave,
   fine, safe, etc

2. y->
   ier, iest after
   a consonant, e.g. happy
   -> happier, happiest.

   Also
   lovely,
   lucky, pretty, etc

3. Words
   ending in a single vowel letter + single consonant letter ->
   double the consonant

   e.g.
   hot
   -> hotter, hottest, big -> bigger, biggest.

Also
fit,
sad, thin, wet, etc
(but w
does
not change, e.g. new
->
newer)

For
more details, see page 371.

D
The comparison of adverbs

Some
adverbs have the same form as an adjective, e.g. early,
fast, hard, high, late, long, near. They
form the comparative and superlative with er,
est.

Can’t
you run faster than that? Andrew works the hardest. Note
also the spelling of earlier
and
earliest.

Many
adverbs are an adjective + ly,
e.g.
carefully,
easily, nicely, slowly. They
form the comparative and superlative with more,
most.

We
could do this more easily with a computer.

Of
all the players it was Matthew who planned his tactics the most
carefully.

In
informal English we use cheaper,
cheapest, louder, loudest, quicker, quickest and
slower,
slowest rather
than more
cheaply, the most loudly, etc.
Melanie
reacted the quickest. You should drive slower in fog.

Note
the forms sooner,
soonest and
more
often, most often.

Try
to get home sooner. I must exercise more often.

E
Irregular forms

Good,
well, bad, badly and
far
have
irregular forms.

ADJECTIVE/ADVERB COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

good/well better best

bad/badly worse worst

far farther/further
farthest/furthest

You’ve
got the best handwriting. How much further are we going?

We
can use elder,
eldest +
noun instead of older,
oldest, but
only for people in the same family. My
elder/older sister got married last year.

F
Comparing quantities

We
use more,
most and
their opposites less
and
least
to
compare quantities. I
haven’t got many books. You’ve got more than I have. The Hotel
Bristol has the most rooms. Trevor spends less on clothes than Laura
does. Emma made the least mistakes.

• 

  _{110
  Exercises}

  1
  The comparison of adjectives (A-B)

  Complete
  the sentences. Use these adjectives: beautiful,
  expensive, high, interesting, tall

  
  The
  giraffe is
  taller than
  the man.

• The
  CD is
  more expensive than
  the cassette.

1. Detective
   stories
   than algebra.

2. The
   top of the mountain than
   the clouds.

3. The
   acrobat
   than the clown.

2
The comparison of adjectives (A-B)

Tom
is a United fan. He never stops talking about them. Put in the
superlative form of the adjectives.

• Everyone’s
  heard of United. They’re the most
  famous (famous)
  team in the world.

• They’ve
  got a long history. They’re the oldest
  (old)
  club in England.

1. They’ve
   got lots of money. They’re the (rich)
   club in the country.

2. Their
   stadium is new. It’s the (modern)
   stadium in Europe.

3. United
   are wonderful. They’re the…………………………………. (great)
   club in the world.

4. And
   what a team! It’s the ……………………………………….
   (exciting)
   team ever.

5. They’ve
   got lots of fans. They’re the …………………….
   (popular) team in the country.

6. United
   have won everything. They’re the …………………(successful)
   team ever.

7. They’re
   good to watch. They play the ………………..
   (attractive) football.

8. United
   fans are happy. We’re the ……………………… (happy)
   people in the world.

3
The comparison of adjectives (A-C)

Complete
the advertisements with the comparative form of the adjective.

• Use
  Get-It-Clean and you’ll get your floors cleaner

• Elegant
  Wallpapers simply look more
  elegant

1. Watch
   a Happy Video and you’ll feel……………………………..

2. Wear
   a pair of Fast Shoes and you’ll be a…………………….. runner.

3. Helpful
   Cookbooks are a ………. guide
   to cooking.

4. Wash
   your hair with Lovely Shampoo for …………… hair.

5. Try
   a Big-Big Burger and you’ll have a ……………………. meal.

6. Restful
   Beds give you a ………………… night.

7. Wear
   Modern Fashions for a
   look.

4 The
comparison of adverbs (D)

Put
in the comparative form of these adverbs: carefully,
early, easily, high, long, loud, often, smartly

• I
  was too nervous to go higher
  than
  halfway up the tower.

• We
  could have found the place more
  easily with
  a map.

1. Do
   you have to wear those old jeans, Mike? Can’t you
   dress ……………………. …
   ?

2. You
   needn’t go yet. You can stay a bit

3. There
   are lots of break-ins. They happen …………………………. nowadays.

4. If
   you do it again ,
   you won’t make so many mistakes.

1. The
   film starts at eight, but we should get to the cinema a
   few

   minutes …..

1. We
   can’t hear. Could you speak a bit ………..
   ?

5 Irregular
forms (E)

Matthew
and Emma are walking in the country. Put in further,
furthest, better, best, worse and
worst.

Emma:
I’m not used to country walks. How much (►) further
is
it?

Matthew:
Not far. And it gets better. We’ve done the (1) ………………… part.
Look, the path gets

easier.
It goes downhill from here. I hope you’re feeling (2)……………………… now,
Emma.

Emma:
I feel dreadful, actually, (3) ……………………… than
before.

Matthew:
Oh, dear. Do you want to have a rest?

Emma:
No, the (4) ………………………. thing
would be to get home as soon as we can. I’m not very fit,

you
know. This is the (5) ……………………… I’ve
walked for a long time.

6 Comparing
quantities (F)

Put
in more,
most, less (x2)
and least.

Laura:
Our new car is smaller, so it uses (►)
less petrol.
They tested some small cars, and this one costs

the
(1)…………………… to
run of all the cars in the test. It’s very economical, so Trevor
likes

it.
He wants to spend (2)
on
motoring.

Harriet:
Can you get three people in the back?

Laura:
Not very easily. We had (3)…………………………
room
in our old car. (4)……………………..

cars
take five people, but not this one.

7 Comparative
and superlative forms (A-F)

Write
the correct forms.

• You’re
  the lac-kyest person I know. luckiest

• The
  situation is getting difficulter. more
  difficult

1. I
   was happyer in my old job.

2. I’ve
   got the most
   small
   office.

3. This
   photo is the goodest.

4. Last
   week’s meeting was mere-sheFt.

5. Money
   is the importantest
   thing.

6. Is
   Rachel elder than Vicky?

7. This
   game is exciteger than the last one.

8. Of
   all the students, Andrew does the mere work.

9. This
   month has been weter than last month.

10. The
    prices are mere-low here.

11. I
    feel mere-bad than I did yesterday.

111
Comparative and superlative patterns (1)

A
Introduction

There
are a number of different sentence patterns with
comparative and superlative forms, e.g. older
than
me, the sweetest man in the world.

B
The comparative and than

We
often use a phrase with than
after
a comparative. This
restaurant is nicer
than the
Pizza House. I
had a bigger
meal
than
you.
The
steak is more
expensive than the
fish.

C
The
superlative

We
normally use the
before
a superlative.

The
quickest way
is along this path. The last question is the
most difficult. Note
the pattern with one
of.

Michael
Jackson is one
of the most famous pop
singers ever.

After
a superlative we can use in or of. We use in with places and with
groups of people, e.g. team.

It’s
the
most
expensive hotel
in
Oxford.
Who is the best
player
in
the team?

This
question is the most
difficult of all. August
is the wettest
month
of
the year. We
often use a clause after a superlative.

That
was the most
delicious meal
(that)
I’ve ever eaten.

Melanie
is the nicest
person
you
could meet.

D
As… as

We
use as … as to say that things are equal or unequal. Our
house is as
big as yours.
They’re the same size, not
It
is so big as yours. It’s
warmer today. It isn’t as
cold as yesterday.

In
a negative sentence we can also use so … as, but this is less
common than as … as. This
flat isn’t as
big as/so big as our
old one.

Here
are some more examples of as … as.

The
chair is as
expensive as the
table. We cant do crosswords as
quickly as you
do.

I
don’t earn as
much money
as
I’d
like. Note
also the
same as.

The
result of the match was the
same as last
year.

E
Than me/than I am

Compare
than me
and than
I am. Both
are correct, and they have the same meaning.

You’re
twenty years older than me. You’re
twenty years older than I am.

Harriet’s
husband isn’t as tall as her. Her
husband isn’t as tall as she
is.

After
than
or
as,
a
personal pronoun on its own But
if the pronoun has a verb after it, then we us

has
the object form, e.g. me. the
subject form, e.g. I.

111
Exercises

1
The comparative and than
(B)

Comment
on these situations. Write sentences with a comparative and than.
Use
these adjectives: big,
expensive, long, old, popular, strong, tall

• The
  film lasts two and a half hours, but the videotape is only two hours
  long.

  The
  film is longer than the videotape.

• The
  water-colour is £85, and the oil-painting is £100.

  The
  oil-painting is more expensive than the water-colour.

1. The
   church was built in 1878 and the library in 1925.

2. Daniel
   can lift 90 kilos, but Matthew can lift 120 kilos.

3. Mike
   is 1.7 metres tall, but Harriet is 1.8 metres.

4. Andrew
   hasn’t many friends. Claire has lots of friends.

5. Mark’s
   car has room for five people, but Sarah’s has room for only four.

2 The
superlative (C)

Write
sentences from the notes. Use the superlative form of the adjective.

► Melanie
/ kind person /1 know Melanie
is the kindest person I know.

1. Friday
   / busy day / week ……………………………………………………………….
   of the week.

2. the
   Metropole / nice hotel / town …………………………………………………….

3. this
   watch / one / cheap / you can buy ……………………………………………….

4. this
   Beatles album / good / they ever made …………………………………………..

5. Alan
   / successful salesman / company …………………………………………………

3 As…
as
(D)

Use
the notes and add sentences with isn’t
as … as.

► a
car / a motor bike / expensive

Why
don’t you buy a motor bike? A
motor bike isn’t as expensive as a car.

1 metal
/ plastic / strong

I
don’t like these plastic screws

2 the
armchair / the stool / comfortable

Oh,
don’t sit there.

3 surfing
/ swimming / exciting

I
prefer surfing to swimming.

4 the
post / e-mail / quick

A
letter will take two days.

4 Than
me/than I am (E)

Choose
the correct pronoun.

Tom:
Why is Luke in our basketball team and not me? Aren’t I as good as
(►) he/him?
Is he taller than (1)

I/me?
Is he a better player than (2) I
am/me am?

Nick:
I don’t know. I can’t understand why I’m in the team. You and Luke
are both better than (3) I/me.
Tom:
Carl’s in the team too, but I’ve scored a lot more points than (4)
he
has/him has.

112
Comparative and superlative patterns (2)

A
Less and least

Less
and
least
are
the opposites of more
and
most.
We use
less
and
least
with
both long and short words. A
bus
is less
expensive
than a taxi.

(=
A bus is cheaper than a taxi./A bus isn’t as expensive as a taxi.) I
feel better today, less
tired.
I’m the least
musical
person in the world, I’m afraid. We go out less
often
these days. You should do less
work.
You do too much.

B
Much faster

We
can put a word or phrase (e.g. much,
far, a bit) before
a comparative to
say how much faster, cheaper, etc something is. Look at these
examples.

It’s
much faster by
tube. A bus is far
cheaper than
a taxi.

This
bed is a
bit more comfortable. Business
is rather
better this
year.

I
got up a
little later than
usual. This month’s figures are slightly
less good.

I’ll
need a
lot more water.
A computer will do it much
more efficiently. Before
a comparative we can use much,
a lot, far; rather; slightly, a bit, a little.

We
can also use no
and
any.
No
has a negative meaning.

Your
second throw at the basket was no
nearer than
your first. We
can use any
in
negatives and questions and with if.

Your
second throw wasn’t any
nearer than
your first.

Are
you sleeping any
better since
you’ve been taking the pills?

If
we leave any
later than
seven, we’ll get caught in the rush hour.

C
Faster and faster

We
use expressions like faster
and faster and
more
and more expensive

to
say that something is increasing all the time.

The
caravan was rolling faster
and faster down
the hill.

The
queue was getting longer
and longer.

Prices
go up and up. Everything gets more
and more expensive.

The
crowd are becoming more
and more excited.

The
country is rapidly losing its workers, as more
and more people
are emigrating.

The
form depends on whether the comparative is with er
(e.g.
louder)
or
with more
(e.g. more expensive
(see
Unit
110B).

We
can also use less
and less for
something decreasing.

As
each new problem arose, we felt less
and less enthusiastic.

D
The faster, the better

We
use this pattern to say that a change in one thing goes with a change
in another. Look at these example-There’s
no time to lose. The
faster you
drive, the
better. The higher the
price, the
more reliable the
product.

The
more the
customer complained, the
ruder and
more
unpleasant the
manager became. The
sooner we
leave, the
sooner we’ll
get there. Are you looking for a cheap holiday? ~ Yes, the
cheaper the better.

112
Exercises

Предмет: Английский язык,


автор: nakatani

Ответы

Автор ответа: Decoration

17

1

1. +
2. +

2  

1. exhausting
2. exhausted

3

1. depressing
2. depressed
3. depressed

4

1. exciting
2. exciting
3. excited

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